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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Mus domesticus"
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Baptista, Luciane Pansardi Cabreira. "Variabilidade na produção de embriões Mus domesticus domesticus". Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 32, nr 3 (27.06.2018): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.16909.
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Forejt, Jiří, Soňa Gregorová i Petr Jansa. "Three new t-haplotypes of Mus musculus reveal structural similarities to t-haplotypes of Mus domesticus". Genetical Research 51, nr 2 (kwiecień 1988): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300024125.
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SummaryThree new t-haplotypes, tp 4, tp 12 and tp 14, were isolated from M. musculus male mice captured in Central and East Bohemia, Czechoslovakia, about 400 km from the zone of hybridization between M. musculus and M. domesticus species. Complementation tests have shown that all three new t-haplotypes belong to tw 73 group. When compared with 5 t-haplotypes from M. domesticus they displayed the same pattern of BamHI restriction fragments with H-2 class I genes, and they also shared the t-specific 5·2 kb TaqI fragment of the alpha globin pseudogene. However, they differed from M. domesticus t-haplotypes at the D17Leh443 locus since they all displayed a 10·5 kb MspI fragment, labelled by the Tu443 probe, not found in wild type-chromosomes or in M. domesticus t-haplotypes. A hypothesis is proposed that t-haplotypes in M. domesticus originated by a single successful introgression from a parental species during speciation.
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Greene-Till, Rhonda, Yingping Zhao i Stephen C. Hardies. "Gene flow of unique sequences between Mus musculus domesticus and Mus spretus". Mammalian Genome 11, nr 3 (marzec 2000): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003350010041.
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Narayanswami, Sandya, Norman A. Doggett, Lynn M. Clark, Carl E. Hildebrand, Heinz-Ulrich Weier i Barbara A. Hamkalo. "Cytological and molecular characterization of centromeres in Mus domesticus and Mus spretus". Mammalian Genome 2, nr 3 (1992): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00302876.
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Zhao, Yingping, Lorrie P. Daggett i Stephen C. Hardies. "Mus spretus LINE-1s in the Mus musculus domesticus Inbred Strain C57BL/6J Are From Two Different Mus spretus LINE-1 Subfamilies". Genetics 142, nr 2 (1.02.1996): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/142.2.549.
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Abstract A LINE-1 element, L1C105, was found in the Mus musculus domesticus inbred strain, C57BL/6J. Upon sequencing, this element was found to belong to a M. spretus LINE-1 subfamily originating within the last 0.2 million years. This is the second spretus-specific LINE-1 subfamily found to be represented in C57BL/6J. Although it is unclear how these M. spretus LINE-1s transferred from M. spretus to M. m. domesticus, it is now clear that at least two different spretus LINE-1 sequences have recently transferred. The limited divergence between the C57BL/6J spretus-like LINE-1s and their closest spretus ancestors suggests that the transfer did not involve an exceptionally long lineage of sequential transpositions.
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Dubin, R. A. "Functional comparison of the Mus musculus molossinus and Mus musculus domesticus Sry genes". Molecular Endocrinology 9, nr 12 (1.12.1995): 1645–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.9.12.1645.
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Dubin, R. A., P. Coward, Y. F. Lau i H. Ostrer. "Functional comparison of the Mus musculus molossinus and Mus musculus domesticus Sry genes." Molecular Endocrinology 9, nr 12 (grudzień 1995): 1645–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/mend.9.12.8614401.
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Bustos-Obregón, Eduardo, i Christopher Olivares. "Boron as Testicular Toxicant in Mice (Mus domesticus)". International Journal of Morphology 30, nr 3 (wrzesień 2012): 1106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022012000300057.
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Nishioka, Yutaka. "Two types of mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) Y chromosomes in Quebec". Genome 35, nr 3 (1.06.1992): 534–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g92-078.
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A Y chromosomal repetitive sequence identified two types of Y chromosomes in mice (Mus musculus domesticus) caught near Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec. One type is apparently identical to the Y chromosome found in Maryland, Delaware, and California, whereas the other type is similar, but not identical, to the Y chromosome present in M.m. poschiavinus, an Alpine race of M.m. domesticus. These findings suggest that the domesticus Y chromosome is highly polymorphic and thus useful for elucidating the relationships among American and European house mouse populations.Key words: mouse Y chromosome, polymorphism, Mus musculus domesticus, repetitive sequence, Quebec.
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Orth, Annie, Theophilus Adama, Waheedud Din i François Bonhomme. "Hybridation naturelle entre deux sous-espèces de souris domestique, Mus musculus domesticus et Mus musculus castaneus, près du lac Casitas (Californie)". Genome 41, nr 1 (1.02.1998): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g97-109.
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The house mouse Mus musculus is a polytypic species, distributed worldwide, with three main subspecies: M. m. musculus in the North-East of Eurasia, M. m. castaneus in South-East Asia, and M. m. domesticus in Europe, the Near-East, and Africa. This last subspecies may also be found in Australia and the Americas, where it was brought by European colonization. Previous studies, however, have shown the presence of specific antiviral determinants of Asian origin in a mouse population at Lake Casitas, California. In this study, an analysis of the variability at 35 enzyme loci demonstrates the hybrid nature of this Californian population intermediate between M. m. castaneus and M. m. musculus. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of two fragments of the mitochondrial DNA also confirm unambiguously the presence of two types of matrilines in comparable frequencies in our sample. Nevertheless, the study of a subspecies-specific Y chromosome microdeletion in the Zfy2 gene reveals only theM. m. domesticus haplotype at Lake Casitas, a phenomenon comparable with the one observed in other hybrid zones of the M. musculus complex. These findings testify once more that genetic exchanges between subspecies inside the broader M. musculus gene pool are still possible.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Mus domesticus"
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Baptista, Luciane Pansardi Cabreira. "Variabilidade na produção de embriões: Mus domesticus domesticus". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/5624.
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Cheuiche, Zilah Maria Gervasio. "Vitrificação de embriões Mus domesticus domesticus envazados em microcapilares de quartzo". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/36859.
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O objetivo do experimento foi determinar as taxas de sobrevivência pós vitrificação de blastocistos murinos (experimento 1) expostos à duas associações de crioprotetores e envasados em micropipetas de quartzo (QMC) ou de vidro (GMP) e, (experimento 2) comparar as taxas de sobrevivência obtidas na vitrificação dos embriões envasados em QMC de dois diâmetros internos (0,1 mm ou 0,2 mm). No experimento 1, blastocistos murinos coletados no dia 4 de desenvolvimento foram selecionados morfologicamente e divididos aleatoriamente em seis grupos. Grupo 1 (Controle 1): embriões colocados em cultivo imediatamente após a coleta. Grupo 2: embriões expostos a 10% PROH + 10% EG + 0,5% PVA em PBSm (ES1) por 1 min e em seguida expostos a 20% PROH + 20% EG + 0,5% PVA em PBSm (VS1) por no máximo 30 seg, período em que foram envasados em QMC. Grupo 3: idem ao Grupo 2 com envase em GMP. Grupo 4: embriões expostos a 10% DMSO + 10% EG + 0,5% PVA em PBSm (ES2) por 1 min e em seguida expostos a 20% DMSO + 20% EG + 0,5% PVA em PBSm (VS2), por no máximo 30 seg, período em que foram envasados em QMC. Grupo 5: idem ao grupo 4 com envase em GMP. Após a exposição às soluções de vitrificação, os capilares foram imediatamente imersos em N2 líquido. Grupo 6 (Controle 2): embriões não vitrificados colocados em cultivo somente após o final dos procedimentos dos grupos tratados. No segundo experimento, a exemplo do primeiro, foram formados os seguintes grupos: Grupo 1 (controle 1): embriões colocados em cultivo imediatamente após a coleta; Grupo 2: embriões envasados em QCM de 0,1mm de diâmetro; Grupo 3: embriões envasados em QCM de 0,2mm de diâmetro; Grupo 4 (controle 2): embriões não vitrificados colocados somente após o término da vitrificação. Para vitrificação foi utilizado o tratamento 4 do experimento 1. Nos dois experimentos, os embriões vitrificados foram reaquecidos pela exposição a 0,25M de sacarose em PBSm, a 37°C, durante 5min para a retirada do crioprotetor. Após, os embriões foram transferidos para o cultivo in vitro em meio KSOM durante 72h. As taxas de eclosão dos blastocistos nos grupos do experimento 1 foram: G1: 83,07% (54/65), G2: 47,3% (23/49), G3: 38,4% (20/52), G4: 60,4% (29/48), G5: 41,1 (21/51), G6: 77,4% (55/71). No segundo experimento, as taxas de eclosão dos blastocistos foram: G1: 82,5% (33/40), G2: 55,3% (17/31), G3: 58,5% (22/38), G4: 82,0% (41/50). Os resultados observados nos experimentos mostraram que não houve diferença significativa na taxa de eclosão entre os grupos experimentais, entretanto, todos foram inferiores (P>0,05) aos controles. As soluçõesutilizadas, os GMP e os dois diâmetros do QCM testados permitiram que blastocistos murinos vitrificados apresentassem taxas de sobrevivência in vitro semelhantes entre si.The aim of the experiment was to determine the survival rates after vitrification of mice blastocysts exposed to two different associations of cryoprotectants and loaded in quartz microcapillaries (QCM) or glass microcapillaries (GMP) and, later, to compare the embryo survival rates obtained with murine blastocysts loaded into QMC with two internal diameters (0.1 mm or 0.2 mm). In experiment 1, the murine blastocysts were collected on day 4 of development and morphologically selected and randomly divided into six groups. Group 1 (control 1): not vitrified blastocysts cultured into KSOM drops immediately after collection. Group 2: embryos exposed for 1 minute at 10% PROH, 10% EG, 0.5% PVA in PBSm(ES1) and after exposed to 20% PROH, 20% EG, 0.5% PVA in PBSm (VS1) within 30 seconds, then loaded in QMC. Group 3: the same to group 2 however loaded in GMP. Group 4: exposed to 10% DMSO, 10% EG, 0.5% PVA in PBSm(ES2) and after exposed to 20% DMSO, 20% EG, 0.5% PVA in PBSm(VS2), loaded in QMC. Group 5: the same to group 4 however loaded in GMP. After exposure to vitrification solutions, the capillaries were immediately immersed in LN2. Group 6 (Control 2): not vitrified embryos placed in culture only after the end of vitrification of the treated groups. The second experiment consisted of the following groups: Group 1 (control 1) embryos transferred to culture immediately after collection; Group 2: embryos loaded in QCM with 0.1 mm internal diameter, and Group 3: embryos loaded in QCM with 0.2 mm internal diameter diameter, and Group 4 (control 2): not vitrified embryos placed in culture only after the end vitrification procedures. Groups 2 and 3 were exposed to ES2 and VS2 and later loaded in QMC 0.1 or 0.2 mm in diameter, immediately immersed in LN2. Blastocysts were warmed by exposure to 0.25 M sucrose in PBSm at 37 °C for 5min to remove the cryoprotectant. After warming, the embryos were transferred to 100 μL drops of KSOM during 72 hours. Hatching rates were observed in groups of experiment 1 were: G1: 83.07% (54/65), G2: 47.3% (23/49), G3: 38.4% (20/52), G4: 60.4% (29/48), G5: 41.1 (21/51), G6: 77.4% (55/71). In the second experiment, the blastocyst hatching rates were: G1: 82.5% (33/40), G2: 55.3% (17/31), G3: 58.5% (22/38), G4: 82% (41/50). The results observed in both experiments showed no significant difference in embryo hatching rates among the experimental groups, but all were inferior (P>0.05) to controls. The vitrification solutions used, the GMP and the QCM at two diameters tested provided similar embryo survival rates.
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Forestier, Tatiana. "Environnement socio-olfactif et choix alimentaires chez la souris domestique, Mus musculus domesticus". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD003/document.
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Le succès écologique de la souris domestique, Mus musculus domesticus, repose en partie par sa capacité à adapter son régime alimentaire aux ressources disponibles. La transmission sociale des préférences alimentaires (TSPA) est un apprentissage observé chez les rongeurs, leur permettant d’élargir leur répertoire alimentaire à moindre risque en obtenant des informations olfactives surde nouveaux aliments à partir des congénères. Cet apprentissage social s’observe directement,lors d’une rencontre avec un congénère ou indirectement, via des marques odorantes. Ce travail a pour but de déterminer comment les souris utilisent leur environnement socio-olfactif pour réaliser des choix alimentaires. Nos résultats ont révélé que l’absence du congénère lors de laTSPA indirecte réduit les contraintes sociales associées à une rencontre et permet l’acquisition de la TSPA entre femelles inconnues. Cependant, certaines contraintes physiques associées à la perception des informations dans les fèces peuvent réduire la disponibilité des informations alimentaires. Enfin, nous avons montré que les différentes préoccupations sexuelles des individus affectent la hiérarchisation des informations présentes dans les fèces et limitent, chez les mâles,l’acquisition de la TSPA. Nos résultats suggèrent que l’utilisation d’informations alimentaires chez les souris varie selon leur contexte social et écologique et implique différents processus tels que l’émotion et l’attention. En conditions naturelles, les voies directe et indirecte de la TSPA pourraient être complémentaires, chacune élargissant les conditions de transmission de l’information alimentaire chez les rongeursThe ecological success of the house mouse, Mus musculus domesticus, implies a great capacity to adapt its diet to available food resources. The social transmission of food preference (STFP) is an adaptive type of learning observed in rodents allowing them to enlarge their food repertoire at lower risk by getting olfactory information on novel food sources from conspecifics. This social learning takes place directly, during an encounter with a conspecific or indirectly, via olfactory marks. The objective of this thesis work was to determine how mice use their socio-olfactory environment to make food choices. Our results revealed that the absence of the conspecific during the indirect STFP reduces the social constraints associated with an encounter and allows the acquisition of STFP between unfamiliar conspecifics. However, some physical constraints associated with the perception of information in feces may reduce the availability of food information. We also showed that different sex concerns of individuals may affect the prioritization of information present in feces and limit, in males, the acquisition of STFP. Our results suggest that the use of food information in mice varies according to their social and ecological context and involves different processes such as emotion and attention. Under natural conditions, the direct and indirect STFP could be complementary, each of them extending the conditions for the transmission of food information in rodents
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Costa, Alexandre Aiquel Vaz. "Vitrificação de embriões Mus domesticus domesticus envasados em palheta convencional dotada de haste metálica". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/12698.
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O objetivo deste experimento foi determinar a sobrevivência de blastocistos Mus domesticus domesticus vitrificado em palhetas na presença de uma haste metálica .Blastocistos Mus domesticus domesticus coletados no quarto dia após a fecundação, foram avaliados morfologicamente e divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos. Os embriões do grupo controle foram transferidos para gotas de meio KSOM e cultivados in vitro por 48 horas. Os embriões selecionados para criopreservação foram expostos a uma solução crioprotetora constituída por PBSm + de 10% etileno-glicol + 10% propileno-glicol, para promover uma desidratação das células embrionárias. Após foram transferidos para a solução de vitrificação que continha 20% etilenoglicol + 20% propilenoglicol diluídos em PBSm, e mantidos durante 25 segundos, sendo imediatamente imersos em nitrogênio submetido à vácuo. As taxas de sobrevivência embrionária revelaram uma maior eficiência da técnica com a inserção da peça metálica (56,21% - 86/153) em relação ao método convencional (18,84% - 26/138). Concluímos assim que a presença da peça metálica em contato com a amostra propiciou maior taxa de sobrevivência dos embriões submetidos à vitrificação envasados em palhetas de 0,25 mL.The aim of this experiment was determine the Mus domesticus domesticus blastocysts survival rates after vitrification in straws containing a metallic stick, that allows to increase the temperature changes among the nitrogen and the embryo sample. Day 4 Mus domesticus domesticus blastocysts were collected from superovulated donnors and after morphologically evaluation were randomly divided in three groups. The embryos select as control group were transferred to KSOM medium drops and in vitro cultured during 48 hours. The crioperservation selected embryos were first exposed to a cryoprotective solution (modified PBS + 10% ethylene-glycol and 10% propylene-glycol) to promote embryo cell dehydration and after exposed during 25 seconds to the vitrification solution composed by modified PBS + 20% ethylene-glycol and 20% propylene-glycol, and immediately plunged into slush liquid nitrogen. The embryo survival rate in group vitrified in the straws containing the metallic stick (56,21% - 86/153) was significantly different from the observed in the group loaded in original straws (18,84% - 26/138). In conclusion, the presence of the metallic stick in contact with the sample was efficient to enhance more suitable survival rates after vitrification of Mus domesticus domesticus blastocysts loaded in 0,25 mL straws.
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Masterson, Dawn E. "Infanticide and parental care in mice Mus musculus domesticus". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241418.
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Osuna, Alexander Nivia. "Sobrevivência in vitro de blastocistos Mus domesticus domesticus vitrificados em macro ou microvolume de crioprotetor". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13372.
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O desenvolvimento de protocolos eficientes para a vitrificação de embriões mamíferos ainda é um desafio para os especialistas em reprodução. Soluções crioprotetoras de baixa toxicidade associadas a técnicas seguras de envase são fatores fundamentais, para proporcionarem uma eficiente identificação e controle sanitário das amostras. Dois experimentos foram realizados para determinar a taxa de sobrevivência de embriões Mus domesticus domesticus envasados em palhetas convencionais (0,25 mL), na presença de uma haste metálica de ouro, empregando soluções crioprotetoras descritas para a vitrificação em microvolume. No experimento 1, avaliou-se a toxicidade da solução de desidratação (SD: PBSm + 10% EG + 10% PROH + 0,5 M sacarose), expondo-se os embriões por diferentes tempos: 1 (T1), 3 (T2) ou 10 min (T3). A toxicidade da solução de vitrificação (SV: PBSm + 20% EG + 20% PROH) foi determinada pela exposição dos embriões durante 25, 60 ou 180 seg, previamente desidratados por 1 ou 3 min. No experimento 2, avaliou-se a utilização do macrovolume (palhetas com a haste de ouro) e microvolume (micropipetas de vidro - GMP) na vitrificação dos blastocistos expostos à SV por 25 seg, previamente desidratados por 1 ou 3 min. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste Qui-Quadrado (P<0,05). No experimento 1, não foi observada diferença estatística entre as taxas de eclosão dos embriões desidratados: T1=68,0% (38/56), T2=72,0% (36/50), T3=71,0% (39/55) e o grupo controle, (74,0% - 48/65). No entanto, houve diferença significativa (P<0,05) na taxa de eclosão em relação ao tempo de exposição dos embriões à SV. Os embriões desidratados por 1 ou 3 min e expostos à SV por 25 seg proporcionaram maiores taxas de re-expansão (79,0% vs 84,0%) e de eclosão (58,0% vs 72,0%), em relação aos tempos de exposição de 60 e 180 seg. No experimento 2, após a vitrificação dos embriões envasados nas palhetas com a haste de ouro, a taxa de eclosão dos blastocistos previamente desidratados por 1 min foi de 16,0% (10/64) e de 4,0% (2/57) quando previamente desidratados por 3 min. Por outro lado, os embriões envasados nas GMP, e previamente desidratados por 3 min, foram os que apresentaram maior taxa de eclosão (60,0% - 52/86). A vitrificação de embriões utilizando soluções crioprototetoras descritas para microvolume não foi eficiente na crioproteção dos blastocistos envasados em palhetas convencionais com a haste de ouro.The development of efficient vitrification protocols for mammalian embryos still is a challenge for reproductive biologists. Low toxicity cryoprotectant solutions and safe vitrifications procedures that allow sample identification and sanitary control are fundamental factors. Two experiments were conducted to determine the survival rate of vitrified Mus domesticus domesticus embryos loaded into straws containing a metallic piece (manufactured in gold), using cryoprotectant solutions described for microvolume vitrification procedures. In Experiment 1, the toxicity of the dehydratation solution (SD: PBSm +10% EG + 10% PROH + 0,5 M sucrose) was evaluated using three different embryo exposure times: 1 (T1), 3 (T2) or 10 min (T3), in addition as well as the toxicity of the vitrification solution (SV: PBSm + 20% EG + 20% PROH) was also tested upon embryo exposure for 25, 60 or 180 sec, previously dehydration for 1 or 3 min. In Experiment 2, the use of macrovolume (straw with a stem of gold) or microvolume (glass micropipettes – GMP) was evaluated for the vitrification of blastocysts after exposure to SV for 25 sec and previous dehydration for 1 or 3 min. Data were analized by the Chi-square test (P<0,05). In Experiment 1, statistical differences were not observed between hatching rates of dehydrated embryos: T1=68.0% (38/56), T2=72.0% (36/50), T3=71.0% (39/55) and control group embryos, (74.0% - 48/65). However, a significant difference (P <0,05) was observed between hatching rates after embryos exposure to the SV. Embryos dehydrated for 1 or 3 min and exposed for 25 sec to the SV showed higher re-expansion (79.0% vs. 84.0%) and hatching rates (58.0% vs. 72.0%) than embryos exposed to SV for 60 or 180 sec. In Experiment 2, after vitrification of the embryos loaded into straws containing a metallic piece showed a hatching rate of 16.0% (10/64) when previouslly dehydrated for 1 min, and 4.0% (2/57) when for 3 min. On the other hand, embryos loaded into GMP, previouslly dehydrated for 3 min, showed a higher hatching rate, (60.0% - 52/60). Embryo vitrification using a cryoprotectant solution described as suitable for microvolume was not efficient to cryoprotect blastocysts loaded into macrovolume straws containing a metallic piece.
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Firman, Renee C. "The evolutionary implications of polyandry in house mice (Mus domesticus)". University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0162.
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[Truncated abstract] Despite the costs associated with mating, females of many taxa solicit multiple mates during a single reproductive event (polyandry). Polyandry is clearly adaptive when females gain direct benefits from males at mating. However, polyandry has also been shown to increase female fitness in the absence of direct benefits. Thus, a number of genetic benefit hypotheses have been developed to account for the origin of this behaviour. Although not mutually exclusive, a distinction lays between genetic benefits that propose defense against reproductive failure (nonadditive genetic effects), and those that propose benefits from intrinsic sire effects (additive genetic effects). Nonadditive genetic benefits of polyandry have been documented in a number of species; by soliciting multiple mates females can avoid inbreeding and other forms of incompatibility between parental genotypes. Polyandry may also increase female reproductive success when genetically superior males have greater success in sperm competition, and produce better quality offspring. An inevitable consequence of polyandry is that sperm from rival males will overlap in the female reproductive tract and compete to fertilise the ova. The outcome of sperm competition is typically determined by bias in sperm use by the females, interactions between parental genotypes, and ejaculate characteristics that provide a fertilisation advantage. Thus, sperm competition is recognised as a persuasive force in the evolution of male reproductive traits. Comparative analyses across species, and competitive mating trials within species have suggested that sperm competition can influence the evolution of testis size and sperm production, and both sperm form and sperm function. ... After six generations of selection I observed phenotypic divergence in litter size - litter size increased in the polyandrous lines but not in the monandrous lines. This result was not attributable to inbreeding depression, or environmental/maternal effects associated with mating regime. Genetic benefits associated with polyandry could account for this result if increased litter size were attributable to increased embryo survival. However, males from the polyandrous lineages were subject to sperm competition, and evolved ejaculates with more sperm, suggesting that evolutionary increases in litter size may in part be due to improved male fertility. Finally, Chapter Five is an investigation of the natural variation in levels of polyandry in the wild, and the potential for sperm competition to drive macroevolutionary changes in male reproductive traits among geographically isolated island populations of house mice. I sampled seven island populations of house mice along the coast of Western Australia and, by genotyping pregnant females and their offspring, determined the frequency of multiply sired litters within each population. I applied the frequency of multiple paternity as an index of the risk of sperm competition, and looked for selective responses in testis size and ejaculate traits. I found that the risk of sperm competition predicted testis size across the seven island populations. However, variation in sperm traits was not explained by the risk of sperm competition. I discuss these results in relation to sperm competition theory, and extrinsic factors that influence ejaculate quality.
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Jones, Catherine S. "Mitochondrial DNA variation in British house mice (Mus domesticus, Rutty)". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426183.
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Morphometric, karyological and historical evidence indicates that Caithness and Orkney House mice (Mus.domesticus Rutty) are genetically distinct from other British mice, suggesting they are descended from introductions. Mitochondrial DNA is a small, rapidly evolving, maternally inherited molecule; hence each mtDNA molecule carries in its sequence the history of its lineage uncomplicated by recombination. Thus, mtDNA RFLPs can be used for analysing possible patterns of colonisation and gene flow in these populations. Highly purified mtDNA was isolated from each mouse and mapped, using the high resolution restriction method, with respect to the published sequence of mouse mtDNA. This allowed the types and incidence of mutational change by which mtDNA evolves in the House mouse to be evaluated. A total of 23 mtDNA composite genotypes, assayed using 14 restriction enzymes, were recognised among the British mice examined and a genetic "break" observed between individuals from the north of Britain (Orkney, Ireland and N.E. Scotland; N.W lineage) and those from the south (British mainland, south of Caithness and Sutherland; S.E lineage)~ The approximate location of this "break" corresponds with the Great Glen fault, which marks a boundary between inhospitable moorland, occupied by Apode7ltus. Geographic orientation of mtDNA variability is concordant with data from other sources, including the paternal Y-chromosome DNA. The House mouse is unlikely to have survived the 1ast glaciation, dating the earliest possible British colonisation to about 10,000 B.P. An integrated approach, using evidence from anthropological, palaeontological, genetical and historical sources, permits the progression of the house mouse to be followed through Europe. These data indicate that Mus domesticus probably reached North-West Europe and Britain in the Iron
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Assaf, Sabrina Silveira. "Vitrificação de embriões Mus domesticus domesticus contidos em volumes diferentes de 9,0 m de etileno glicol". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/1921.
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Os experimentos tiveram como objetivo determinar a taxa de eclosão dos embriões vitrificados em volumes diferentes de 9,0 M de etileno glicol. Simultaneamente, testou-se dois procedimentos de estocagem dos fios de teflon, denominados caixa de aço inoxidável e globete/raque. No experimento I, os 881 embriões coletados foram distribuídos em 4 tratamentos: tratamento 1 (T1= controle): 307 embriões foram cultivados in vitro em meio PBSm, acrescido de 0,4% de BSA; tratamento 2 (T2): 292 embriões foram expostos à solução de glicerol 10% acrescida de 0,4% de BSA, envasados em palhetas de 0,25 mL e submetidos ao congelamento pelo método rápido em Biocool; tratamento 3 (T3): 138 embriões foram expostos durante 2 minutos à solução de desidratação (10% de EG + 6% BSA em PBSm) e então transferidos para a solução de vitrificação (50% de EG + 6% de BSA em PBSm), onde permaneceram por 30 segundos e foram colocados em volume de 1 μL no interior de um fio de teflon, medindo 0,4 mm de diâmetro, 2,0 cm de comprimento e 0,05 mm de espessura. Os fios foram acondicionados em uma caixa de aço inoxidável para serem armazenados em nitrogênio líquido; tratamento 4 (T4): 144 embriões foram expostos à solução de desidratação (10% de EG + 6% BSA em PBSm) e após 2 minutos, foram transferidos para a solução de vitrificação (50% de EG + 6% BSA em PBSm), onde permaneceram por 30 segundos, sendo após transferidos para um volume de 1 μL no interior do fio de teflon. Os fios de teflon foram estocados em globetes unidos às raques e mantidos em nitrogênio líquido. Após o aquecimento, os embriões foram cultivados em PBSm suplementado com 0,4% de BSA. As taxas de eclosão embrionária observadas foram: T1=76,29% (245/307); T2=41,05% (117/292); T3=37,98% (54/138) e T4=26,78% (37/144). No segundo experimento, 747 embriões foram distribuídos em 3 tratamentos: tratamento 1 (T1= controle): 80 embriões foram cultivados in vitro em meio KSOM acrescido de 0,4% de BSA; tratamento 2 (T2): 334 embriões expostos em solução de glicerol 10% acrescida de 0,4% de BSA, foram envasados em palhetas de 0,25 mL e submetidos ao congelamento pelo método rápido em Biocool; tratamento 3 (T3): 333 blastocistos foram expostos durante 2 minutos à solução de desidratação (10% de EG + 0,4% BSA em PBSm) e então transferidos para tubos eppendorf de 2,0 mL em contato com a solução de vitrificação (50% de EG + 0,4% BSA em PBSm). Após o cultivo in vitro, as taxas de eclosão embrionária observadas nos 3 tratamentos foram respectivamente: 88,75% (71/80), 40,44% (141/334) e 19,70% (66/333). Baseado nesses resultados conclui-se que embriões Mus domesticus domesticus submetidos à técnica de vitrificação após exposição à solução de 9,0 M de etileno glicol e envase em fios de teflon assegurou índices satisfatórios de sobrevivência embrionária. As taxas de sobrevivência dos embriões Mus domesticus domesticus foi independente do procedimento de estocagem em botijão de nitrogênio líquido. A vitrificação em solução de 9,0 M de etileno glicol com envase em tubos eppendorf não foi eficiente para promover altas taxas de sobrevivência embrionária, mas proporcionou segurança biológica aos embriões, durante o armazenamento.This work was performed with Mus domesticus domesticus embryos to verify the in vitro viability of vitrified embryos using differents volumes of ethylene glycol–based solution. The experiment I consisted of four treatments. The 881 collected embryos were arranged as follows: treatment 1(control): 307 fresh embryos were cultured in vitro in PBSm + 0.4% BSA without being exposed to either dehydration or cryoprotectants agents; treatment 2: 292 embryos were loaded into 0.25 mL french straws containing 10% glycerol + 0.4% BSA in PBSm and after 10 minutes the straws were submitted to the rapid-freezing procedure (Biocool®, controlled freezer); treatment 3:138 embryos were exposed during 2 minutes to a dehydration solution (10% ethylene glycol + 6% BSA in PBSm) and then transferred to the vitrification solution (50% ethylene glycol + 6% BSA in PBSm) in teflon wire with 0.4 mm diameter, 2 cm length and 0.05 mm thickness containing the drop of 1μL volume, and placed into stainless steel box for the storage in LN2; treatment 4:144 embryos were exposed to a dehydration solution (10% ethylene glycol + 6% BSA in PBSm) and after 2 minutes were transferred to the teflon wire, that was previousily loaded with 1μL of the vitrification solution (50% ethylene glycol + 6% BSA in PBSm). Finally, the teflon wires were placed into plastic globets attached to aluminum canes and maintained in LN2. After thawing, the embryos were serially washed in PBSm, and then cultured in PBSm supplemented with 0.4% BSA. The hatched blastocyst rates observed in the treatments were: T1=76.29% (245/307); T2=41.05% (117/292); T3=37.98% (54/138) and T4=26.78% (37/144). In the second experiment, 747 embryos were arranged as follows: treatment 1(control): consisted of 80 fresh embryos cultured in vitro in KSOM medium + 0.4% BSA without being exposed to either dehydration or cryoprotectants agents; treatment 2: 334 embryos were loaded into 0.25 mL french straws containing 10% glycerol + 0.4% BSA in PBSm and after 10 minutes the straws were submitted to the rapid-freezing procedure (Biocool®, controlled freezer); treatment 3: 333 embryos were exposed during 2 minutes to a dehydration solution (10% ethylene glycol + 0.4% BSA in PBSm) and then transferred to the eppendorf tubes loaded with the vitrification solution (50% ethylene glycol + 0.4% BSA in PBSm). After in vitro culture, the hatched blastocysts rates observed were: T1=88.75% (71/80); T2=40.44% (141/334) and T3=19.70% (66/333). Based on these results it is concluded that the embryos of Mus domesticus domesticus submitted to vitrification procedure after being exposed to 9.0 M of ethylene glycol – based solution and loaded in teflon wires were efficient to promote satisfactory embryo survival rates. The survival rate of Mus domesticus domesticus embryos was independent of the LN2 storage procedure. The vitrification procedure after being exposed to 9.0 M of ethylene glycol – based solution and loaded in eppendorf tubes were not efficient to promote high embryo survival rate, but to warrant the embryo’s biologically security during storage in liquid nitrogen.
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Gray, Samantha Jane. "The effects of habitat structure on the social behaviour of house mice : (Mus domesticus and Mus spretus)". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338523.
Pełny tekst źródłaKsiążki na temat "Mus domesticus"
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Wellmann, Karl-Heinz. Zur Wirkung disruptiver Selektion auf das Verhalten von Hausmäusen (Mus musculus domesticus Rutty): Eintragen von Nestlingen, weitere Elemente des Brutpflegeverhaltens und Erkunden. Frankfurt am Main: Wissenschafts-Verlag W. Maraun, 1991.
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Cowley, Joy. Mrs. Wishy-Washy. New York, NY: Philomel Books, 1999.
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1828-1906, Ibsen Henrik, red. Mrs Affleck. London: Faber and Faber, 2009.
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Adamson, Samuel. Mrs Affleck. London: Faber and Faber, 2009.
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Cowley, Joy. Mrs. Wishy-Washy. Bothell, WA: Wright Group/McGraw-Hill, 1998.
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Jain, Kulbhushan. Mud architecture of the Indian desert. Ahmedabad, India: AADI Centre, 1992.
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Adamson, Samuel. Mrs. Affleck: A play. London: Samuel French, 2010.
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Kent, Jack. Mrs. Mooley. New York: Golden Books Pub. Co., 2002.
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Yee, Wong Herbert. Mrs. Brown went to town. Boston, Mass: Houghton, 1996.
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Cowley, Joy. Mrs. Wishy-Washy's Christmas. New York: Scholastic Inc., 2006.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Mus domesticus"
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Hübner, Roland. "Mus domesticus". W Säugetiere der Schweiz / Mammifères de la Suisse / Mammiferi della Svizzera, 293–97. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7753-4_58.
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Callahan, R., D. Gallahan, L. A. D’Hoostelaere i M. Potter. "Endogenous MMTV Proviral Genomes in Feral Mus musculus domesticus". W The Wild Mouse in Immunology, 362–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71304-0_44.
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Palanza, P., P. F. Brain i S. Parmigiani. "Intraspecific Aggression in Mice (Mus Domesticus): Male and Female Strategies". W The Development of Sex Differences and Similarities in Behavior, 191–203. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1709-8_11.
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Pes, Daniela, Duncan H. L. Robertson, Jane L. Hurst, Simon Gaskell i Robert J. Beynon. "How Many Major Urinary Proteins are Produced by the House Mouse Mus Domesticus?" W Advances in Chemical Signals in Vertebrates, 149–61. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4733-4_11.
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Rogers, M. J., D. F. Siwarski, E. Jouvin-Marche i S. Rudikoff. "Gene-Specific Structures Within Class I Genes from Mus musculus domesticus are Conserved in Class I Genes from Mus pahari". W The Wild Mouse in Immunology, 261–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71304-0_30.
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Gurney, J. E., R. W. Watkins, G. E. Dunsford i D. P. Cowan. "Modification of Exploratory Behavior by House Mice (Mus Domesticus) in Response to Fox Fecal Odor". W Advances in Chemical Signals in Vertebrates, 633–40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4733-4_58.
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Berríos, Soledad, Julio López Fenner i Aude Maignan. "Random Chromatin Neighborhoods in 2n=40 Mus m. domesticus Meiotic Cells: P-Percolation and Image Segmentation". W Molecular Logic and Computational Synthetic Biology, 142–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19432-1_9.
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Sage, R. D., J. B. Whitney i A. C. Wilson. "Genetic Analysis of a Hybrid Zone Between Domesticus and Musculus Mice (Mus musculus Complex): Hemoglobin Polymorphisms". W The Wild Mouse in Immunology, 75–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71304-0_9.
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Valsecchi, Paola, Ilaria Bosellini, Danilo Mainardi i Marisa Mainardi. "A study of social, genetic, and environmental determinants of cultural transmission in the House Mouse (Mus domesticus)". W The Ethological Roots of Culture, 143–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0998-7_9.
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Mota, Paulo Gama, i George Estabrook. "A Method to Test for Changes During Behavioral Sequences Applied to Two Rodent Species (Mus domesticus and M. spretus)". W Ethoexperimental Approaches to the Study of Behavior, 597–606. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2403-1_40.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Mus domesticus"
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Ben-Hanania, Adam, Joshua Goldberg i Jessica R. Cauchard. "Multi-User Control for Domestic Robots with Natural Interfaces". W MUM 2018: 17th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3282894.3289736.
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Miron, Anca, Andrei C. Cziker i Mircea D. Chindris. "Estimating the impact of domestic consumers on power quality using fuzzy logic". W 2017 International Conference on Modern Power Systems (MPS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mps.2017.7974376.
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Kurniati, Reni, Herviana Dewi i Medi Hendra. "Effect of water decoction of Langsat bark (Lansium domesticum Corr.) on estrous cycle and uterus weight in mice (Mus musculus L.)". W 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND MATERIAL ENGINEERING (ICCMME 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4983414.
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Ellerby, D., T. Franklin, M. Gasch, G. Gonzales, F. Milos, K. Peterson, D. Prabhu i in. "Development of Domestic Lyocell Based Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator (PICA-D) for Future Nasa Missions". W MS&T19. TMS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2019mst/2019/mst_2019_1351_1358.
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Ellerby, D., T. Franklin, M. Gasch, G. Gonzales, F. Milos, K. Peterson, D. Prabhu i in. "Development of Domestic Lyocell Based Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator (PICA-D) for Future Nasa Missions". W MS&T19. TMS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2019/mst_2019_1351_1358.
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Kuuskraa, V. A., i F. Morra. "Replacement Costs of Domestic Natural Gas". W SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/14380-ms.
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Prasad, Rai Sachindra, i Sunil Semwal. "Multi point sensing (MPS): A solution for resolving complexity in NIALM applications for Indian domestic consumers". W 2014 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pedes.2014.7042066.
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Kuuskraa, V. A., M. L. Godec i F. Morra. "Replacement Costs of Domestic Oil and Gas Reserves". W SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/15352-ms.
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Adaji, J. J., R. U. Onolemhemhen, S. O. Isehunwa i A. Adenikinju. "Forecasting the Domestic Utilization of Natural Gas in Nigeria (2015-2020)". W SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2560895-ms.
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ABSTRACT Domestic utilization of natural gas in Nigeria is being hampered by the poor developments in the natural gas sector over the years, with low level of electricity (generation) consumption per capital, weak legal, commercial and regulatory framework amidst poor infrastructural developments in natural gas as compared to that which exists for oil. Nigeria ranks the second in gas flaring and shows low volumes of domestic gas utilization, consuming only about 11% out of the 8.25 billion cubic feet produced per day in 2014 despite its natural gas resource endowment. This paper examines the determinants of domestic utilization of natural gas in Nigeria from 1990-2013. It investigates its relationship as a function of price of natural gas, price of alternative fuels, foreign direct investment, volumes of gas flared, electricity generated from natural gas sources and per capital real GDP. Going further, it forecasts its likely growth rate for a short-term period, using an econometric methodology of ordinary least squares and an ARIMA model, it estimates the relationship between the variables and uses the historical trend to forecast into the future. The result of the study showed that the determinants jointly explain the pattern of domestic gas utilization in Nigeria by 98%. Individually, per capital real GDP, electricity generated from natural gas sources and changes in the volume of domestic utilization of natural gas was found to have a positive and significant effect on domestic gas utilization. Further, the forecast values show evidence of a slow but gradual increase in utilization pattern in the near future from 2015-2020. A best-case scenario of an increase of 0.15% and a worst-case scenario of a decrease of 0.14% was presented. In conclusion, having identified significant influences on domestic gas utilization patterns in Nigeria it is imperative that the government uses economic instrument to enhance the utilization patterns in Nigeria by improving economic activities and developing the power sector which shows significant influence in domestic natural gas utilization patterns.
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Doscher, T. M., i J. A. Kostura. "Enhanced Oil Recovery and Domestic Oil Reserves 10 Years Later". W SPE Enhanced Oil Recovery Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/14881-ms.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaporty organizacyjne na temat "Mus domesticus"
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de Champlain-Bringué, Isabelle, i Élise Bastille-Lavigne. Guide to Preventing and Mitigating Domestic Violence in a Context of Women’s Economic Empowerment. Oxfam-Québec, Équipe Violence Conjugale, kwiecień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7970.
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As development practitioners, we must ensure that programs are implemented in such a way as to minimize gender-based violence risks for all participants. This involves understanding risk and prevention factors and implementing appropriate measures and resources to help mitigate these risks in order to guarantee that women’s economic empowerment programs give women the intended tools and opportunities without exposing them to violence. This guide is a tool for developing and implementing strategies to combat gender-based violence, and more specifically domestic violence. It is chiefly intended for economic development practitioners and contains five guidance notes on key subjects related to the prevention and mitigation of domestic violence in the field of women’s economic empowerment.
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Pavlyuk, Ihor. MEDIACULTURE AS A NECESSARY FACTOR OF THE CONSERVATION, DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFORMATION OF ETHNIC AND NATIONAL IDENTITY. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, luty 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11071.
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The article deals with the mental-existential relationship between ethnoculture, national identity and media culture as a necessary factor for their preservation, transformation, on the example of national original algorithms, matrix models, taking into account global tendencies and Ukrainian archetypal-specific features in Ukraine. the media actively serve the domestic oligarchs in their information-virtual and real wars among themselves and the same expansive alien humanitarian acts by curtailing ethno-cultural programs-projects on national radio, on television, in the press, or offering the recipient instead of a pop pointer, without even communicating to the audience the information stipulated in the media laws − information support-protection-development of ethno-culture national product in the domestic and foreign/diaspora mass media, the support of ethnoculture by NGOs and the state institutions themselves. In the context of the study of the cultural national socio-humanitarian space, the article diagnoses and predicts the model of creating and preserving in it the dynamic equilibrium of the ethno-cultural space, in which the nation must remember the struggle for access to information and its primary sources both as an individual and the state as a whole, culture the transfer of information, which in the process of globalization is becoming a paramount commodity, an egregore, and in the post-traumatic, interrupted-compensatory cultural-information space close rehabilitation mechanisms for national identity to become a real factor in strengthening the state − and vice versa in the context of adequate laws («Law about press and other mass media», Law «About printed media (press) in Ukraine», Law «About Information», «Law about Languages», etc.) and their actual effect in creating motivational mechanisms for preserving/protecting the Ukrainian language, as one of the main identifiers of national identity, information support for its expansion as labels cultural and geostrategic areas.
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Saville, Alan, i Caroline Wickham-Jones, red. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, czerwiec 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.
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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings: Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed. Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role. Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory. Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.
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Asian Development Outlook 2021 Update: Transforming Agriculture in Asia. Asian Development Bank, wrzesień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/fls210352-3.
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This report forecasts growth in developing Asia of 7.1% in 2021 and 5.4% in 2022 in an uneven recovery caused by divergent growth paths. Its theme chapter explores sustainable agriculture. Growth forecasts are revised up for East Asia and Central Asia from the projections made in April, but down for South Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific. This reflects differences in vaccination progress and control of domestic COVID-19 outbreaks but also other factors, including rising commodity prices and depressed tourism. Inflation is expected to remain under control. The main risks to the economic outlook come from the COVID-19 pandemic, including the emergence of new variants, slower-than-expected vaccine rollouts, and waning vaccine effectiveness. Sustainable food production and agricultural systems that are resilient to climate change will be crucial for developing Asia. To transform agriculture in the region, its economies must tackle challenges from changing consumer demand, changing demographics, and a changing and more fragile environment.
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.
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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.