Artykuły w czasopismach: „Mummies”

1

Lynnerup, Niels. "Mummies". American Journal of Physical Anthropology 134, S45 (2007): 162–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20728.

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Nathan, B. "Egyptian mummies". Lancet 350, nr 9075 (sierpień 1997): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)64185-2.

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David, AR. "Egyptian mummies". Lancet 350, nr 9075 (sierpień 1997): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)64186-4.

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McCombs, Davis. "Cave Mummies". Missouri Review 23, nr 1 (2000): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mis.2000.0079.

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Yatsishina, E. B., S. V. Vasilyev, S. B. Borutskaya, A. S. Nikitin, S. A. Nikitin, R. M. Galeev, S. I. Kartashov i in. "A Multidisciplinary Study of Egyptian Mummies from the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts (Methodical Aspects)". Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 47, nr 3 (21.09.2019): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2019.47.3.136-144.

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We present the results of a multidisciplinary study (the fi rst one in Russia) of nine Egyptian mummies owned by the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts (Moscow), carried out at the Kurchatov Institute. A detailed description of the methods is provided. X-ray computed tomography is shown to be a highly informative non-destructive technique for studying the 3D structures of mummies. On the basis of the results, plus the conclusions of forensic experts, a detailed anthropological analysis was conducted. Mummifi cation techniques, sex, and age of all individuals were assessed. In three cases, the sex differed from that indicated in the museum inventory. Morphologically, all crania represent varieties of the Mediterranean type. One individual, however, has typically sub-Saharan features. Pathological changes concern mostly the spine and are both age-related and traumatic. In two individuals, spinal pathologies might have caused death.

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Holtz, Brent A., Themis J. Michailides i Chuanxue Hong. "Development of Apothecia from Stone Fruit Infected and Stromatized by Monilinia fructicola in California". Plant Disease 82, nr 12 (grudzień 1998): 1375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.12.1375.

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Apothecia were produced in the orchard, lath house, and laboratory from peach and nectarine fruit infected and stromatized by Monilinia fructicola. Fully stromatized “mummies” and nonstromatized infected fruit were placed in the orchard either on the soil surface or buried to a depth of 2 to 3 cm. Mummies were placed in the orchard at monthly intervals from August to February in 1993-94 and 1994-95. Nonstromatized infected fruit, which were fleshy and decomposed rapidly, were soon unavailable and were only placed in the orchard in August and September. Apothecia developed in February and early March only from mummies that were placed in the orchard in either October, November, or December. Mummies placed in the field in August, September, January, and February did not produce apothecia. Leaving mummies on the soil surface versus burying them 2 to 3 cm did not affect the development of apothecia. Apothecia were never produced from nonstromatized or recently-infected (fleshy) fruit. In the laboratory, apothecia were only produced from mummies that were partially buried in moist sand and stored without light at 2°C and >97% relative humidity (RH) for more than 8 weeks prior to incubation for 2 weeks (12, 15, or 20°C) with a 12-h photoperiod. Mummies that were incubated at >97% RH for less than 8 weeks or incubated at <90% RH never produced apothe-cia when stored at 2°C and then transferred to warmer temperatures with light. In orchard experiments, apothecia were only observed in plots with nondisturbed orchard floor vegetation; whereas no apothecia were found in either herbicide-treated or rototilled plots. Apothecia in the San Joaquin Valley were only produced from mummies that were subject to an 8-week or greater cold-temperature incubation while in contact with soil.

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Zink, Albert. "Paleogenetics and Mummies". Canarias Arqueológica 22, nr 22 (2021): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31939/canarq/2021.22.08.

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The molecular analysis of ancient DNA represents a unique oppor tunity for the study of human evolution, population dynamics, and disease evolution in mummified human remains.The investigation of ancient pathogen DNA has led to the detection of a wide range of bacterial, protozoal and viral infections in ancient tissue samples. In the 1990s and 2000s, Arthur C. Aufderheide, together with his colleagues, significantly contributed to the development of this field with his groundbreaking work on the molecular identification of tuberculosis and Chagas disease in South American mummies. More recently, the introduction of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and DNA capture techniques, has further improved the opportunity to study ancient human remains. One of the first mummies for which whole genome reconstruction was attempted successfully,is the 5,300-year-old TyroleanIceman. The sequencing revealed detailed infomation on his ancestry, his physical appearance, physiological parameters and the presence of pathogens and disease susceptibility.

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Newton, Alicia. "The mummies' tale". Nature Geoscience 6, nr 7 (27.06.2013): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1877.

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Licata, Marta, Adelaide Tosi, Omar Larentis, Chiara Rossetti, Silvia lorio i Antonio Pinto. "Radiology of Mummies". Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI 40, nr 1 (luty 2019): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2018.10.016.

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M.K. "Mummies in Mexico". Americas 44, nr 4 (kwiecień 1988): 499–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500074538.

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Beck, Lane A. "The Greenland Mummies". Museum Anthropology 17, nr 1 (luty 1993): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mua.1993.17.1.86.

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Reinhardt, Gregory A., Jens Peder Hart Hansen, Jorgen Meldgaard i Jorgen Nordqvist. "The Greenland Mummies". Ethnohistory 40, nr 1 (1993): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/482178.

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Mula, Tristan. "New Methods for Establishing Time of Death when Dealing with Natural Mummification from Bog Environments". COMPASS 3, nr 2 (15.12.2023): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/comp69.

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Natural mummies are human and animal remains that have been naturally preserved over time. In most cases, these mummies are formed through a combination of environmental factors such as the soil's chemical makeup, temperature, and humidity. One of the most well-known, yet uncommon, examples of natural mummies are those found in bogs, wetland environments characterized by low oxygen levels and acidic water. Mummies discovered in these bog environments will be the focus of this paper. It will discuss the challenges associated with establishing the time of death for natural mummies. Various factors influence the mummification process including the acidity of the water, temperature, and the presence of microorganisms. As a result, traditional methods of estimating the time of death, or post-mortem interval (PMI), may not be reliable. This paper will also review recent advances in the field, including but not limited to stable isotope analysis, DNA sequencing, and proteomics. This will allow researchers to understand the taphonomic processes at play and improve the accuracy of time of death estimations. Overall, this paper provides practical insights into the complex processes involved in determining the time of death in natural mummies and offers information about new technologies useful for researchers in this field.

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Pringle, H. "Arsenic and Old Mummies: Poison May Have Spurred First Mummies". Science 324, nr 5931 (28.05.2009): 1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.324_1130.

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Stout, Sam D. "Mummies, Disease and Ancient Cultures.:Mummies, Disease and Ancient Cultures." American Anthropologist 101, nr 2 (czerwiec 1999): 444–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1999.101.2.444.

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Richardin, Pascale, Stéphanie Porcier, Salima Ikram, Gaëtan Louarn i Didier Berthet. "Cats, Crocodiles, Cattle, and More: Initial Steps Toward Establishing a Chronology of Ancient Egyptian Animal Mummies". Radiocarbon 59, nr 2 (24.02.2017): 595–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2016.102.

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AbstractThe ancient Egyptians mummified animals as part of cultic activity from the Late Period into the Roman era (7th century BC to the 4th century AD). Necropolises have provided millions of animal mummies, reflecting the religious fervor of Egyptians with regard to sacred animal cults during this period. Despite the number of sites containing mummies, and the number of mummies themselves, surprisingly little is known with regard to the nuances in the dating of the cults’ popularity and activities. As part of a multidisciplinary project, we have conducted a series of radiocarbon dates based on a group of animal mummies from the collection of the Musée des Confluences in Lyon, France. Thus, 63 specimens of animal mummies and their wrappings were analyzed to provide a range of dates for this practice. Results show that some correlations can be made between the popularity of particular species and the time period in which they were mummified. Monkeys and goats appear to have been among the first mummified species (from 800 BC), while antelopes appear to be a later addition to the corpus (30 BC to 4th century AD), thereby reflecting changes in thought processes, religious beliefs, and economic imperatives over time.

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Dou, Shuying, Bing Liu, Yangtian Liu, Jianping Zhang i Yanhui Lu. "Intraguild Predation of Hippodamia variegata on Aphid Mummies in Cotton Field". Insects 14, nr 1 (13.01.2023): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14010081.

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Intraguild predation among arthropod predators in agricultural ecosystems may have a negative impact on biological control. At present, there are few direct reports on trophic relationships among participants of predation in field groups. In this study, we measured the feeding choices of Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) towards mummies with different densities of Aphis gossypii Glover. The dynamics of the occurrence of mummies in the cotton field were investigated over 2017–2019. Singleplex PCR and multiplex PCR were used to detect the predation of 2090 H. variegata individuals on aphids and mummies in Xinjiang cotton field, which revealed the intraguild predation frequency between H. variegata and various parasitoids. There was no obvious feeding preference of H. variegata towards live aphids or mummies, which mainly depended on the relative density of prey. Among the four species of aphids detected in H. variegata, A. gossypii had a high detection rate and was the main prey source of the ladybeetle in the cotton filed. Mostly, ladybeetles consumed parasitoids through mummies, with 6.39% directly feeding on adult parasitoids. H. variegata had strong trophic links to both parasitoids and aphids. We established a food web of aphids–primary parasitoids–hyperparasitoids–H. variegata, which can be used to evaluate the pest control ability of H. variegata from a new perspective.

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Oh, Chang Seok, In Uk Kang, Jong Ha Hong, Sergey Slepchenko, Jun Bum Park i Dong Hoon Shin. "Tracing the historical origin of Joseon mummies considering the structural similarities between the burial systems of Korean and Chinese dynasties". Papers on Anthropology 26, nr 2 (18.09.2017): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/poa.2017.26.2.07.

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Joseon mummies have proved to be excellent subjects for scientific research on the health and disease statuses of pre-modern Korean peoples. Despite its academic significance, the origins of the Hoegwakmyo tomb in which the Joseon mummy was discovered have not yet been entirely revealed. Meanwhile, over the past several decades, there have been some reports on mummies and cultural artifacts preserved very well in the tombs of several Chinese dynasties (especially Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing). Although the Chinese tombs were very diverse in structure, we note that some graves among them were structurally very similar to Joseon Hoegwakmyo tombs. Before the Hoegwakmyo tomb in Korea, there were already similar tombs in China, inside which dead persons were mummified like the Joseon mummies. Considering that the Hoegwakmyo tomb of the Joseon Dynasty was established by the influence of the Confucian ideology, the Korean and Chinese mummies might share common cultural origins in history.

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Lynnerup, Niels. "Natural Sciences and Mummies". Canarias Arqueológica 22, nr 22 (2021): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31939/canarq/2021.22.06.

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Art Aufderheide saw mummies as unique archaeological finds, with the implica- tions of that view, including ethical issues, but he also approached them as a natural science based doctor would approach a patient or a medical diagnostic challenge. Namely that the advances in natural sciences should be brought to bear, and conversely, that natural science, and health science, could learn from these studies and the past. This presentation will draw on the natural scientific developments in mummy studies since the first Mummy Congress in 1992. While stable isotope analyses was really being applied full scale, other issues in advanced imaging and aDNA were only just beginning to be applied. Of course the presentation will also be somewhat personal, as I will dwell on some of the encounters I had with Art, and in that I will underscore the huge impact Art has had on our meetings and our scientific research.

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Khamsi, Roxanne. "Medical insights from mummies". Nature Medicine 16, nr 5 (maj 2010): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0510-498.

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Robinson, Andrew. "Eight mummies, eight stories". Lancet 383, nr 9935 (czerwiec 2014): 2115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61018-7.

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Leslie, Kieron S., i Nick J. Levell. "Skin disease in mummies". International Journal of Dermatology 45, nr 2 (luty 2006): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2006.02672.x.

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Naji, Khalid Mohammed, Qais Yusuf M. Abdullah, Aida Qaseem M. AL-Zaqri i Saeed M. Alghalibi. "Evaluating the Biodeterioration Enzymatic Activities of Fungal Contamination Isolated from Some Ancient Yemeni Mummies Preserved in the National Museum". Biochemistry Research International 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/481508.

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Sophisticated mummification using chemical preservation was prevalent in ancient Yemeni civilization as noted in the 4th century B.C. mummies of the National Museum of Yemen, Sana’a, used in this study. Five of these mummies were used to evaluate hydrolytic enzymes produced as a result of fungal contamination. Forty-seven fungal species were isolated, thereby reflecting a high degree of contamination which may have resulted from the poor ventilation and preservation system.Aspergilluswas the most common genus isolated (48.9%). Fifteen isolates exhibited ability to produce cellulase (EC; 3.2.1.4),Aspergillus candidusbeing the highest cellulose-producer. Pectin lyase (PL, EC; 4.2.2.2) and pectin methyl esterase (PME, EC; 3.1.1.11) were produced byTrichoderma hamatum, whereas chitinase (EC; 3.2.1.14) was produced byAspergillus niger. Protease activity was noted by onlyCladosporium herbarum. The higher activities of these fungal hydrolytic enzymes represent the major threats of biodeterioration including deteriorating linen bandages as well as the mummy bodies. Therefore, it is recommended to improve the preservation system of the mummies at the National Museum to minimize the contamination up to the lowest level and protect the mummies from biodeterioration.

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Beer, Margarita, Leona Brockamp i Roland W. S. Weber. "Control of sooty blotch and black rot of apple through removal of fruit mummies". Folia Horticulturae 27, nr 1 (1.06.2015): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fhort-2015-0013.

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Abstract Several popular apple cultivars retain their aborted fruits as mummies on the tree. In laboratory conditions, overwintered fruit mummies collected from a Northern German apple orchard under organic management released inoculum, which caused black rot due to Diplodia seriata and sooty blotch due to Peltaster cerophilus on ripe apples. In a field trial conducted over four years in another organic orchard, the manual removal of fruit mummies in winter and again in late June of each year significantly reduced the incidence of both these diseases. However, fruit mummy removal did not significantly affect the development of storage rots due to Neofabraea alba and N. perennans. The potential, limitations and costs of this phytosanitary measure are discussed in the context of organic apple production.

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Krespi, Liliane, Charles A. Dedryver, Jean Michel Rabasse i Jean Pierre Nénon. "A morphometric comparison of aphid mummies containing diapausing vs. non-diapausing larvae of Aphidius rhopalosiphi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae)". Bulletin of Entomological Research 84, nr 1 (marzec 1994): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300032211.

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AbstractThe morphology and ultrastructure of aphid mummies formed by diapausing and non-diapausing larvae of Aphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani Perez, are described. Two types of silk thread were present in both types of cocoons: well-structured rounded threads, and flat threads which form a gum coating. Differences in thecocoon weight were observed depending on parasitoid development. A morphometric characterization of the two groups of mummies is given.

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Ikram, Selima, Carlos Prates, Sandra Sousa i Carlos Oliveira. "A medley of mummies from Deir el-Bahari". Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 27, nr 2 (21.12.2018): 237–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3246.

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The results of radiographic and visual examinations of four mummies originating from Deir el-Bahari, now kept in different museums throughout Egypt, are presented here. One individual dates to the Twenty-second Dynasty, and the remaining three date to the Twenty-fifth Dynasty, and were possibly related. Some of the mummies possessed amulets, with one individual having unusual accouterments in addition to the amulets.

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Öhrström, Lena Maria, Herman Marquez, Roger Seiler, Beata Bode, Abolfazl Aali, Thomas Stöllner i Frank Jakobus Rühli. "Radiological and histological findings in ancient salt mummies from the salt mine of Douzlākh, Iran". PLOS ONE 16, nr 4 (30.04.2021): e0250745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250745.

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Computed tomography studies and histological analyses were performed on the mummified remains found in the Chehrābād salt mine in northwestern Iran. The ancient salt mummies are dated to the Achaemenid (550–330 BC) and Sassanid (3rd–7th century AD) time period and died in mining incidents. The aim of the study was to describe the radiological and histological findings of several ancient Iranian salt mummies with special interest in pathological and postmortem changes. The mummified remains show multiple traumatic alterations, such as fractures and signs of massive compression. Histological analyses can clearly differentiate soft tissue, however the preservation status is variable. These Iranian salt mummies are a rare example of the ancient Iranian population. The soft tissue and organs are well preserved, however in different degrees due to the varying conditions.

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Mederos Martín, Alfredo, i Gabriel Escribano Cobo. "Descubrimientos y exhibición de momias guanches en la primera mitad del siglo xix. Museos europeos (Montpellier, Göttingen, San Petesburgo, Ginebra) y gabinetes científicos insulares de Saviñón y Megliorini". Revista de Historia Canaria, nr 203 (2021): 125–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.histcan.2021.203.05.

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The exhibition of two mummies in the Natural History cabinet in Paris aroused the interest of various scientific expeditions that made a stopover in Tenerife in the first half of the 19th century. Nicolas Baudin’s expedition in 1800 coincided with the discovery of a cave with mummies in El Sauzal and three ended up in the university museums of Montpellier and Göttingen and one in the cabinet of Saviñón. Another mummy was given to von Krusenstern’s Russian expedition of 1803, currently in the museum of Saint Petersburg. A new cave with mummies was discovered ca. 1815 in Tacoronte, which ended up in the scientific cabinet of Megliorini. Another mummy located in Valleseco, Santa Cruz, around 1823, was sold in Puerto de la Cruz to a Swiss merchant for the Geneva museum.

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McKnight, Lidija. "On a Wing and a Prayer: Ibis Mummies in Material Culture at Abydos". Arts 9, nr 4 (14.12.2020): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts9040128.

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The production of millions of artificially mummified animals by the ancient Egyptians is an extraordinary expression of religious piety. Millions of creatures of numerous species were preserved, wrapped in linen and deposited as votive offerings; a means by which the Egyptians communicated with their gods. The treatment of animals in this manner resulted in a wealth of material culture; the excavation and distribution of which formed a widely dispersed collection of artefacts in museum and private collections around the world. Due to ad hoc collection methods and the poorly recorded distribution of animal mummies, many artefacts have unknown or uncertain provenance. Researchers at the University of Manchester identified a group of eight mummies positively attributed to the 1913–1914 excavation season at Abydos, now held in the collections of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Massachusetts. This paper presents the investigation of this discreet group of provenanced mummies through stylistic evaluation of the exterior, and the assessment of the contents and construction techniques employed using clinical radiography. Dating of one mummy places the artefact—and likely that of the whole assemblage—within the Late Period (c.664–332BC). Considering these data enables the mummies to be interpreted as the Egyptians intended; as votive artefacts produced within the sacred landscape at Abydos.

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Richardin, Pascale, Annie Perraud, Jasmine Hertzog, Karine Madrigal i Didier Berthet. "Radiocarbon Dating of a Series of the Heads of Egyptian Mummies from the Musée des Confluences, Lyon (France)". Radiocarbon 59, nr 2 (3.01.2017): 609–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2016.105.

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AbstractAs part of a multidisciplinary project concerning the practices of mummification in ancient Egypt, we studied a series of 33 human remains, collected during the late 19th century. These heads of human mummies belong to the Osteology collection from the Musée des Confluences of Lyon. One of the important issues of this research project was to establish a chronology of the mummification processes. However, the lack of archaeological data and excavation reports does not allow the dating of the specimens. Thus, during this project, these heads have been radiocarbon dated in order to place the individuals in a reliable chronological and cultural framework. As a result, 20 samples of hair and 13 samples of linen textiles of the wrappings have been taken. The results raised a lot of uncertainties about the chronology of these mummies and the need to validate or correct the original date attributions were given by the discoverers. As an example, among the 13 mummies thought to be dated between the 11th and 20th Dynasties, none appears from this period. In the same way, six mummies were originally dated from the Ptolemaic period. However, only one belongs to this period, four are Roman, and the last one is from the New Kingdom.

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Powell, W., i A. F. Wright. "The abilities of the aphid parasitoids Aphidius ervi Haliday and A. rhopalosiphi De Stefani Perez (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to transfer between different known host species and the implications for the use of alternative hosts in pest control strategies". Bulletin of Entomological Research 78, nr 4 (grudzień 1988): 683–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300015546.

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AbstractA series of host-transfer trials using both laboratory-cultured and field-collected individuals of the aphid parasitoids Aphidius ervi Haliday and A. rhopalosiphi De Stefani Perez were done in order to clarify inconsistent results from several previous studies. A. ervi cultured on Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) produced very few mummies when confined with Microlophium carnosum (Buckton), whereas those cultured on M. carnosum produced as many mummies on A. pisum as they did on their original host. Mummy production was correlated with the attack rate of adult parasitoids on potential hosts. The production of mummies on M. carnosum by parasitoids reared on A. pisum was often greatly improved if their male parent had been reared on M. carnosum, suggesting that genotype strongly influences host preference. Aphidius rhopalosiphi from laboratory cultures produced significantly more mummies on Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) than on Sitobion avenae (F.) regardless of their original host, but this preference was not shown by parasitoids from field populations. It is concluded that inadvertent selection occurs in laboratory cultures of aphid parasitoids as a result of low founder numbers, genetic drift and genetic bottlenecks and that this can strongly influence experimental results in biology and behaviour studies, which has important implications for biological control workers.

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Chow, Andrew, i Manfred Mackauer. "MARKING THE PACKAGE OR ITS CONTENTS: HOST DISCRIMINATION AND ACCEPTANCE IN THE ECTOPARASITOID DENDROCERUS CARPENTERI (HYMENOPTERA: MEGASPILIDAE)". Canadian Entomologist 131, nr 4 (sierpień 1999): 495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent131495-4.

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AbstractDendrocerus carpenteri (Curtis) was reared in the laboratory on prepupae of Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae) developing in pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). To test alternative hypotheses about host-marking behaviour and discrimination, we transferred unparasitized and previously parasitized A. ervi prepupae from donor to recipient mummies, which were either "unparasitized" or "parasitized." Females accepted already parasitized hosts within unparasitized mummies, but they rejected unparasitized hosts within previously parasitized mummies. Host discrimination was not influenced by self and conspecific parasitism. Eggs were frequently placed directly on the mummy shell, rather than on the primary parasitoid, or on dummies made from dental wax. Prepupae removed from their mummy shell were not accepted for oviposition. We propose that the "search template" of D. carpenteri is defined, primarily, by the aphid mummy, which is being marked with a contact pheromone after oviposition.

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Mytum, Harold. "Ethics and Practice in the Excavation, Examination, Analysis, and Preservation of Historical Mummified Human Remains". Historical Archaeology 55, nr 1 (marzec 2021): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41636-021-00286-4.

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AbstractEuropean perspectives on the study of human remains, particularly mummified individuals with associated material culture, highlight the multidisciplinary research potential of these rare discoveries. The diverse evidence associated with mummified remains offers unique potential to consider how the deceased was experienced over time. Scientific analyses reveal the complex taphonomic processes leading to the selective survival of tissue and cultural items. Medical approaches to mummies have been long established, but historical examples can combine cultural and historical sources with the palaeopathological to develop more nuanced understandings of disease and lifestyle, identifying both individual biographies and wider cultural trends in mortuary practice. Study of mummies raises ethical considerations similar to those for skeletonized remains, but given the greater recognition of their humanity, further social and religious considerations are relevant. Investigation needs to be set against the local legislation and the feelings of the mummies’ gatekeepers and, in some cases, their descendant communities.

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MOSHENSKA, GABRIEL. "Unrolling Egyptian mummies in nineteenth-century Britain". British Journal for the History of Science 47, nr 3 (4.09.2013): 451–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087413000423.

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AbstractThe unrolling of Egyptian mummies was a popular spectacle in mid-nineteenth-century Britain. In hospitals, theatres, homes and learned institutions mummified bodies, brought from Egypt as souvenirs or curiosities, were opened and examined in front of rapt audiences. The scientific study of mummies emerged within the contexts of early nineteenth-century Egyptomania, particularly following the decipherment of hieroglyphics in 1822, and the changing attitudes towards medicine, anatomy and the corpse that led to the 1832 Anatomy Act. The best-known mummy unroller of this period was the surgeon and antiquary Thomas Pettigrew, author of the highly respected History of Egyptian Mummies. By examining the locations, audiences and formats of some of Pettigrew's unrollings this paper outlines a historical geography of mummy studies within the intellectual worlds of nineteenth-century Britain, illuminating the patterns of authority, respectability, place and performance that Pettigrew and his colleagues navigated with varying degrees of success.

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Leek, F. Filce, Eugen Strouhal i Lubos Vyhnanek. "Egyptian Mummies in Czechoslovak Collections". Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 71 (1985): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3821657.

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Armelagos, George J., Aidan Cockburn, Eve Cockburn i Theodore A. Reyman. "Mummies, Disease and Ancient Cultures". Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 5, nr 2 (czerwiec 1999): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2660699.

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Holden, Constance. "Now Even Mummies Go Digital". Science 250, nr 4986 (7.12.1990): 1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.250.4986.1334.a.

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Tait, W. J. "Egyptian Mummies. By B. Adams". Archaeological Journal 144, nr 1 (styczeń 1987): 446–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00665983.1987.11021214.

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Lowenstein, Eve Judith. "Paleodermatoses: lessons learned from mummies". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 50, nr 6 (czerwiec 2004): 919–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0190-9622(03)00914-9.

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Dupouy-Camet, Jean. "Atherosclerosis, trichinellosis and Egyptian mummies". Journal of Cardiology 65, nr 4 (kwiecień 2015): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jjcc.2014.09.007.

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Urbanik, A., R. Chrzan, W. Wojciechowski, A. Czubak, H. Szymańska i K. Babraj. "CT Investigation of Mummies' Heads". Rivista di Neuroradiologia 14, nr 6 (grudzień 2001): 611–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140090101400601.

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Bush, Elizabeth. "Outside and Inside Mummies (review)". Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 59, nr 2 (2005): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2005.0090.

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Rothhammer, F. "Chagas disease in Chilean mummies". Parasitology Today 1, nr 1 (lipiec 1985): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(85)90097-3.

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Allam, Adel H., Randall C. Thompson, L. Samuel Wann, Michael I. Miyamoto, Abd el-Halim Nur el-Din, Gomaa Abd el-Maksoud, Muhammad Al-Tohamy Soliman i in. "Atherosclerosis in Ancient Egyptian Mummies". JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging 4, nr 4 (kwiecień 2011): 315–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2011.02.002.

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Steinbock, R. T. "The Scientific Study of Mummies". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 290, nr 11 (17.09.2003): 1521—a—1522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.290.11.1521-b.

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Laitman, Jeffrey T. "Unwrapping the Anatomy of Mummies". Anatomical Record 298, nr 6 (22.05.2015): 933–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.23128.

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Van Gerven, Dennis. "Mummies, disease and ancient cultures". American Journal of Physical Anthropology 112, nr 3 (2000): 437–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1096-8644(200007)112:3<437::aid-ajpa13>3.0.co;2-z.

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Chamberlain, Andrew T. "The scientific study of mummies". International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 13, nr 6 (2003): 393–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oa.681.

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Yatsishina, E. B., V. M. Pozhidaev, O. A. Vasilyeva, O. P. Dyuzheva, Ya E. Sergeeva, V. M. Retivov, E. Yu Tereschenko, I. S. Kulikova, E. S. Vaschenkova i E. I. Kozhukhova. "The determination of the origin of natural bitumen in mummifying resins of Ancient Egyptian mummies from the collection of the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts". Fine Chemical Technologies 14, nr 4 (15.09.2019): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2019-14-4-45-58.

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This work presents the results of a study of the resins of seven Ancient Egyptian mummies from the collection of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts using a complex of analytical methods: gas chromatography, atomic emission and mass spectrometry. Natural bitumen and beeswax were identified in the resins using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method. Based on the results of hydrocarbon distribution in the profiles of n-alkanes in the resin coatings of the mummies and naturally occurring bitumen, it was assumed that the Dead Sea bitumen was used. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry studies of mummy resins in the selected ion mode (m/z 217 and 191) provided additional evidence of the bitumen’s geographic origin. Atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma was used as a means to determine the content of microelements. Vanadium, nickel and molybdenum were found in the tar of five mummies. The determined relative amounts of vanadium, nickel, and molybdenum in the resins of the studied mummies showed a good correlation with the available data on the content of these elements in the Dead Sea bitumen, as well as the Fayum mummy resin based on this bitumen. The advantages of using the method of identifying bitumen in mummy resins based on relative content of vanadium, nickel, and molybdenum were revealed.

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Lawson, Barbara. "Egyptian Mummies at the Redpath Museum: Unravelling the History of McGill University’s Collection". Fontanus 14 (31.12.2016): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/fo.v14i.281.

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This article provides the context for the acquisition of the Egyptian Mummies collection at the Redpath Museum through donors such as James Ferrier, Sir Thomas Roddick and the Montreal Natural History Society. Since the 19th century the Mummies have solicited a great deal of public interest and have also been the object of rigorous scientific studies, this paper explores the history of the collection at Redpath and the impact of new technologies on adding to our knowledge of the collection.

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