Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Multiple”
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Yilmaz, Mehmet. "Multiple Target Tracking Using Multiple Cameras". Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12609477/index.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaTurker, Burcu. "Multiple hypothesis tracking for multiple visual targets". Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611837/index.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaBunn, J. J. "Multiple narratives, multiple views : observing archival description". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1322455/.
Pełny tekst źródłaKanday, Balaji Madapuci. "Microcontroller Based Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Transmitter". International Foundation for Telemetering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605952.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis paper describes how a microcontroller based system can be used to generate the signals needed in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system transmitter. The limited computational speed of the microcontroller, along with other tasks which the controller may need to handle, places limits on the throughput of the system, and the complexity of the MIMO signal design. However this can be a low cost design, and the microcontroller can be used to perform other operations in the system, which may make it attractive in some applications.
Tran, Tuan-Anh. "Multiple-input multiple-output optical wireless communications". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:094fbe23-88c3-49c4-b64b-a1de40674123.
Pełny tekst źródłaMATSUMOTO, Kohji, i Hirofumi TSUMURA. "Generalized multiple Dirichlet series and generalized multiple polylogarithms". Institute of Mathematics Polish Academy of Sciences, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9366.
Pełny tekst źródłaGruneir, Bram. "Multiple Agent Architecture for a Multiple Robot System". Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/792.
Pełny tekst źródłaA real-time implementation of a Physical Robot Agent would greatly expand its field of use. The speed of internal communication is analyzed to validate the application of this architecture to real-time tasks.
It is concluded that the Physical Robot Agents are well suited for multiple robot systems and that real-time applications are feasible.
Ahmady, Ali. "Rough set Kansei engineering: multiple users, multiple Kanseis". Diss., Wichita State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/3638.
Pełny tekst źródłaThesis (Ph.D.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Petersen, Samuel. "Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems for Spinning Vehicles". International Foundation for Telemetering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605956.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis paper investigates the performance of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) digital communication system, when the transmitter is located on a spinning vehicle. In particular, a 2x2 MIMO system is used, with Alamouti coding at the transmitter. Both Rayleigh and Rayleigh plus line-of-sight, or Rician, models combined with a deterministic model to simulate the channel. The spinning of the transmitting vehicle, relative to the stationary receive antennas, modulates the signal, and complicates the decoding and channel parameter estimation processes. The simulated system bit error rate is the primary performance metric used. The Alamouti channel code is shown to perform better than the maximal ratio receiver combining (MRRC) and single receiver (2x1) system in some circumstances and performs similarly to the MRRC in the broadside case.
Harris, Kevin E. "Multiple Channel, Multiple Data Type, Rugged 8mm Recorder". International Foundation for Telemetering, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/611873.
Pełny tekst źródłaLow cost recording devices for telemetry and other data acquisition applications are of vital importance in light of today's shrinking budgets and project cut-backs. The desire to replace large, expensive, multi-channel recorders with smaller, less expensive recorders is becoming commonplace in government and industry. Many of these small recorders in the past have been limited to a single recording channel, and to one particular data type, due to recorder architectures. The 8 millimeter (8mm) tape cartridge recorder has been looked at in the past as a low cost recording device, however products utilizing this technology have been strictly limited in the number of channels, and data types. In response to this need, Veda has developed a new data acquisition recorder utilizing an 8mm recorder packaged in a small, flight qualified rugged enclosure with modular, and interchangeable, input channels. These microprocessor controlled inputs are capable of accepting PCM telemetry, MIL-STD-1553, voice, IRIG time, and ARINC 429/629 data. The new architecture allows for multiplexing of multiple channels onto the single channel tape medium as well as direct playback from the recorder for certain data types. This paper will discuss the recorder's architecture, design problems solved during development, and general capabilities.
Zhang, Peichang. "Coherent versus differential multiple-input multiple-output systems". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/376511/.
Pełny tekst źródłaAcree, Elizabeth Ann 1960. "The community college counselor: Multiple meanings, multiple realities". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282789.
Pełny tekst źródłaEvanshen, Pamela. "Multiple Intelligences". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2004. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4418.
Pełny tekst źródłaShanmugam, Pravinkumar. "Multiple-user multiple-input multiple-output beam-forming and frequency reuse in millimeter wave communication". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1603753.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis paper explains a new beam-forming technique implemented in a deterministic Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) channel model in 60 GHz millimeter wave frequency. We calculate path loss between the transmitter and receiver antenna elements in the line of sight path. Assuming that Channel State Information (CSI) is known as the deterministic values at the transmitter, the Composite Transfer Function (CTF) derived from the CSI generates orthogonal beams. The orthogonal beam allows us to reuse the frequency at the same time slot with the capability of multi-user MIMO. Our beam forming technique controls the radiated power at the transmitter in such a way that the power received at a particular receiving antenna element is 0dB, and it is suppressed to less than -60dB at other receiving elements. We study the performance of our proposed beam-forming technique by transmitting the QPSK modulated signal through the orthogonal beams, and analyzing the bit error rate curve.
Li, Yikai. "Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access for Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Relay-Aided/Cell-Free Networks". OpenSIUC, 2021. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1906.
Pełny tekst źródłaNobilet, Jean-Michel. "Systèmes MIMO (" Multiple Input Multiple Output ") à porteuses multiples :Etude et optimisation de la combinaison de codes temps-espace et des techniques MC-CDMA (" Multi-carrier code division multiple access ")". Rennes, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAR0006.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the context of the research of new modulation schemes for the downlink of the 4th Generation mobile radio systems, the MC-CDMA schemes are the most promising candidates. On the other hand, MIMO systems inherit space diversity to mitigate fading effects and improve dramatically the spectrum efficiency. This thesis deals with the optimisation of MIMO/MC-CDMA systems through the use of space-time block coding or trellis coding. We propose new orthogonal STBC and a new representation of STTC based on a polynomial notation. The studied STBC/MC-CDMA systems improve the performance of a MC-CDMA SISO system with a low complex decoding. Their optimisation is based on single-user and multiple-user detection schemes. Their performance are evaluated on theoretical and realistic channels. Finally, the STTC/MC-CDMA is studied
Uppal, Momin Ayub. "Code design for multiple-input multiple-output broadcast channels". [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1783.
Pełny tekst źródłaYu, Kai. "Modeling of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Radio Propagation Channels". Licentiate thesis, KTH, Signals, Sensors and Systems, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1478.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn recent years, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)systems appear to be very promising since they can provide highdata rates in environments with sucient scattering byexploiting the spatial domain. To design a real MIMO wirelesssystem and predict its performance under certain circumstances,it is necessary to have accurate MIMO wireless channel modelsfor dierent scenarios. This thesis presents dierent models forindoor MIMO radio propagation channels based on 5.2 GHz indoorMIMO channel measurements.The recent research on MIMO radio channel modeling isbriey reviewed in this thesis. The models are categorized intonon-physical and physical models. The non-physical modelsprimarily rely on the statistical characteristics of MIMOchannels obtained from the measured data while the physicalmodels describe the MIMO channel (or its distribution) via somephysical parameters. The relationships between dierent modelsare also discussed.For the narrowband case, a non line-of-sight (NLOS)indoor MIMO channel model is presented. The model is based on aKronecker structure of the channel covariance matrix and thefact that the channel is complex Gaussian. It is extended tothe line-of-sight (LOS) scenario by estimating and modeling thedominant component separately.As for the wideband case, two NLOS MIMO channel modelsare proposed. The rst model uses the power delay prole and theKronecker structure of the second order moments of each channeltap to model the wideband MIMO channel while the second modelcombines a simple single-input single-output (SISO) model withthe same Kronecker structure of the second order moments.Monte-Carlo simulations are used to generate indoor MIMOchannel realizations according to the above models. The resultsare compared with the measured data and good agreement has beenobserved.
Tajima, May. "Modelling multiple criteria-multiple participant problems, the integrative approach". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0009/NQ30653.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaReimer, Donald A. "Multiple staff ministry in multiple point parishes of Manitoba". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0019/NQ46683.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaLu, Di. "Antenna selection schemes for multiple-input multiple out systems". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493529.
Pełny tekst źródłaDambul, Katrina D. "Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) in optical wireless communications". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558676.
Pełny tekst źródłaGupte, Abhishek. "SOQPSK Signals in Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Systems". International Foundation for Telemetering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605954.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis paper investigates the use of shaped offset quadrature phase shift keying (SOQPSK) signals in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems. The goal is to integrate commonly used receiver architectures for conventional single-input single-output (SISO) systems into a corresponding MIMO system. The benefits of improved spectral efficiency are juxtaposed against the increased receiver complexity. Bit error rate performances for the SISO and MIMO architectures in a multipath environment are compared and conclusions regarding trade-offs between signal to noise ratio (SNR) and spectral efficiency stated.
Seward, Lori Welte. "A multiple stress, multiple component stress screening cost model". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41578.
Pełny tekst źródłaEnvironmental stress screening is used to enhance reliability by decreasing the number of failures experienced during customer use. It is suggested that added benefit can be gained by applying multiple stresses rather than a single stress, as is done presently. A further modification is to apply the stress at the assembly level, accelerating different types of components at the same time. Different component E A e acceleration effects must then be considered.
The problem these modifications present is how to choose the appropriate stress levels and the time duration of the stress screen. A cost model is developed that trades off the cost of a field failure with the cost of applying a multiple stress, multiple component stress screen. The objective is to minimize this cost function in order to find an economical stress regimen.
The problem is solved using the software package GINO. The interesting result is that if a stress is used at all during the stress screen, the maximum amount of stress is the economic choice. Either the cost of stressing is low enough to justify the use of a stress, in which case the maximum amount of stress is used, or the cost is too high and the stress is not used at all.
Master of Science
Dogutas, Aysun. "School Violence in Turkey, Multiple Perspectives in Multiple Settings". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1310504543.
Pełny tekst źródłaStewart, Kyle Bradley. "Waveform-Diverse Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Radar Imaging Measurements". The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1450437383.
Pełny tekst źródłaNajam, Ali Imran. "Multiple-input multiple-output antennas for ultra wideband communications". Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0043.
Pełny tekst źródłaUWB technology has rapidly emerged in the areas of WPAN and sensors networks featuring high data rate communications. The applications of UWB are limited to very short-range communications due to the extremely low transmitted power. The combination of MIMO techniques with UWB has been considered as a solution to improve the range. However, a fundamental challenge arises for the design of antennas that faces the constraints offered by UWB systems and multi-antennas systems, and the constraints of size and cost. In this context, several new UWB-MIMO antennas are proposed. Their characterization is based on the parameters relevant to conventional antenna design and the specific parameters relevant to the UWB-MIMO antenna design. In particular, a new compact design with high isolation by inserting the inverted-Y shaped stub on the ground plane is proposed. A new method for modelling the mutual coupling, is also introduced which has the advantage of offering new approach to compensate it
Trujillo, Castañeda Eduardo Daniel. "Resource allocation for multiple-user multiple-antenna cellular systems". Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14078.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis addresses the sum rate or spectral e ciency maximization problem in cellular systems with two main components, multiple antennas and multiple users. In order to solve such a problem, several resource allocation techniques are studied and developed for di erent cellular scenarios. The antennas at the transmitters are arranged in several con gurations, i.e., co-located or distributed and for such arrangements di erent levels of coordination and cooperation between transmitters are investigated. Accounting for more receiver antennas than transmitter antennas implies that system optimization must select the best transmitter-receiver match (combinatorial problem) which can be solved with di erent degrees of cooperation between transmitters. The system models studied can be classi ed either as interference limited or as power limited systems. In interference limited systems the resource allocation is carried out independently by each transmitter which yield power leakage to unintended receivers. For this kind of systems, the access network using distributed antenna architectures is examined. The properties of distributed antenna in cellular systems as well as the gains they provide in terms of frequency reuse and throughput are assessed. Accounting for multiple user scenarios, several techniques and algorithms for transmitter-receiver assignment, power allocation, and rate allocation are developed in order to maximize the spectral e ciency. In power limited systems the transmitters jointly allocate resources among transmit and receive antennas. The transmitters are equipped with multiple antennas and signal processing is implemented in order to suppress inter-user interference. Single-cell and multi-cell systems are studied and the problem of sum rate maximization is tackled by decoupling the user selection and the resource allocation (power and precoding) processes. The user selection is a function of the type of precoding technique that is implemented and the level of information that can be processed at the transmitter. The developed user selection algorithms exploit information provided by novel channel metrics which establish the spatial compatibility between users. Each metric provides a di erent trade-o between the accuracy to identify compatible users, and the complexity required to compute it. Numerical simulations are used to assess the performance of the proposed user selection techniques (metrics and algorithms) whose performance are compared to state-of-the-art techniques.
Esta tese descreve o problema da maximização da taxa de transmissão ou e ciência espectral em sistemas moveis tomando em atenção duas características fundamentais destes, o número de antenas e utilizadores. A fim de resolver este tipo de problema, várias técnicas de alocação de recursos foram estudadas e propostas para diferentes cenários. As antenas nos transmissores estão organizadas em diferentes configurações, podendo ser localizadas ou distribuídas e para estes esquemas, diferentes níveis de cooperação e coordenação entre transmissores foram investigados. Assumindo mais antenas receptoras do que antenas transmissoras, implica que a otimização do sistema seleccione as melhores combinações de transmissor-receptor (problema combinatório), o que pode ser concretizado usando diferentes graus de cooperação entre transmissores. Os modelos de sistemas estudados, podem ser classificados como sistemas limitados por interferência ou sistemas limitados por potência. Em sistemas limitados por interferência a alocação de recursos e feita independentemente para cada transmissor o que resulta em perda de energia para os receptores não tomados em consideração. Para este tipo de sistemas, e considerado o caso em que a rede de acesso e constituída por antenas distribuídas. Os ganhos obtidos devido ao uso de antenas distribuídas, quer em termos do planeamento de frequências quer da maximização da taxa de transmissão são considerados. Assumindo esquemas multi-utilizador, várias técnicas e algoritmos de transmissão-recepção, alocação de potência e de taxa de transmissão foram desenvolvidos para maximizar a e ciência espectral. Para sistemas limitados em potência os transmissores alocam os recursos quer de antenas de transmissão quer de recepção conjuntamente. Os transmissores estão equipados com várias antenas e o processamento de sinal e implementado de modo a eliminar a interferência entre utilizadores. Sistemas de célula única e de múltiplas células foram estudados. Para estes foi considerado o problema da maximização de taxa de transmissão o qual foi resolvido heuristicamente, através do desacoplamento do problema em duas partes, uma onde se efectua a seleção de utilizadores e outra onde se considera a alocação de recursos. A seleção de utilizadores e feita em função do tipo de técnicas de pré-codificação implementadas e do nível de informação que o transmissor possui. Os algoritmos de seleção de utilizadores desenvolvidos verificam a compatibilidade espacial entre utilizadores, usando para tal métricas propostas. Cada uma das métricas oferece um trade-off diferente entre a precisão para identificar um utilizador compatível e a complexidade necessária para a implementar. Foram usadas simulações numéricas para avaliar a performance das técnicas de seleção de utilizadores propostas (métricas e algoritmos), performance que foi comparada com as técnicas mais inovadoras.
Joehanes, Roby. "Multiple-trait multiple-interval mapping of quantitative-trait loci". Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1605.
Pełny tekst źródłaAndersson, Emelie. "Multiple Platform First : Design Guidelines for Multiple Platform Games". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160991.
Pełny tekst źródłaDi, Viesti Pasquale <1994>. "Colocated multiple-input multiple-output radars for smart mobility". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10113/1/Di_Viesti_Pasquale_Thesis.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaWalker, Emily N. "The Emotional Needs of Mothers of Multiple Birth Children". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc149682/.
Pełny tekst źródłaEarp, Matthew N. "All Hexahedral Meshing of Multiple Source, Multiple Target, Multiple Axis Geometries Via Automatic Grafting and Sweeping". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd762.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaHolmberg, Johannes. "Analysis of a multiple dispatch algorithm". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2218.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe development of the new programming language Scream, within the project Software Renaissance, led to the need of a good multiple dispatch algorithm. A multiple dispatch algorithm, called Compressed n-dimensional table with row sharing; CNT-RS, was developed from the algorithm Compressed n-dimensional table, CNT. The purpose of CNT-RS was to create a more efficient algorithm. This report is the result of the work to analyse the CNT-RS algorithm.
In this report the domain of multiple dispatch, the multiple dispatch algorithm CNT and the new extended algorithm CNT-RS are presented. The correctness of CNT- RS algorithm is shown and it’s proven that the CNT-RS algorithm is at least as good as the CNT algorithm, in regards to space complexity of the dispatch structure.
Oladeinde, Abiola Omobolaji. "Linear demultiple solution based on bottom-multiple generator (BMG) approximation: subsalt example". Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4407.
Pełny tekst źródłaGunton, Richard Michael. "Density-dependence in plant populations : multiple processes and multiple scales". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485169.
Pełny tekst źródłaYu, Kai. "Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Radio Propagation Channels : Characteristics and Models". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-138.
Pełny tekst źródłaSong, Ran. "Inversion of Multiple-View and Multiple-Scale Images of Surfaces". Thesis, University of York, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503329.
Pełny tekst źródłaBale, Viktor. "Computationally efficient equalisation of broadband multiple-input multiple-output systems". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437110.
Pełny tekst źródłaPablo, Rodriguez Juan Manuel. "Multiple Target Detection and Tracking in a Multiple Camera Network". Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationsnät, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-175884.
Pełny tekst źródłaZeileis, Achim, i Yves Croissant. "Extended Model Formulas in R. Multiple Parts and Multiple Responses". Department of Statistics and Mathematics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2009. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1056/1/document.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaSeries: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics
Sellami, Noura. "Récepteurs itératifs pour les systèmes MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Input)". Cergy-Pontoise, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CERG0159.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this work, we studied coded MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) systems, in particular equalization and decoding methods. We choose to use at the transmitter a system based on spatial multiplexing using BICM (Bit Interleaved Coded Modulation) structure. Because of the presence of interleavers, the optimal receiver, based on joint equalization and decoding, is too complex. In order to achieve a good complexity/performance trade-off, we propose to use an iterative receiver. When the channel is frequency selective, the equalizer has to perform time equalization in addition to spatial one. The optimal equalizer is too complex in this case. In order to achieve a good complexity/performance trade-off, we consider a List-type MAP equalizer which is a sub optimal version of the MAP equalizer based on state reduction and Per Survivor Processing (PSP). In order to fight against error propagation, we propose to use a Whitened Matched Filter which concentrates the channel energy on its first taps. In the last part, we study channel estimation when the MIMO channel is frequency selective. First, we show that channel estimation errors are equivalent to a loss in signal to noise ratio and we provide an approximation of this loss. Then, in order to improve the first channel estimation performed using training sequences, we propose to integrate the EM (Expectation Maximisation) algorithm in our iterative receiver. This study is then extended to CDMA systems
Li, Ran. "Optical multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) in multimode fibre". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1770da43-e93b-462b-866f-beb5f972ce06.
Pełny tekst źródłaCao, Pan. "Resource Allocation for Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output Interference Networks". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-161382.
Pełny tekst źródłaRozanski, Marta. "Bendamustin in Kombination mit Thalidomid und Prednisolon (BPT) bei Patienten mit rezidiviertem oder refraktärem Multiplem Myelom: Ergebnisse einer Phase-I-Studie". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-97058.
Pełny tekst źródłaLysfjord, Ivar Håkon. "Multiple Power Domains". Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9720.
Pełny tekst źródłaWhen new transistor technology is used in a microcontroller design, the transistors become smaller. They cannot withstand the same voltages as older technology, because of their size. The automotive industry still uses 5V as a standard voltage, and the automotive industry is a major costumer for microcontroller companies. The microcontroller must therefore be able to use5V. This must be done without the need of external voltage regulator. To still be a supplier to the automotive industry, the AVR needs to be able to withstand voltages up to 5.5V. The main problem with the new transistor technology is the leakage currents. Traditionally, the CMOS devices have used power only when during switching of logical levels. This is no longer true, since the leakage currents have become so large. When using new transistor technology, the dynamic power usage will be reduced, but the total power usage will be increased, if nothing is done to prevent it. One solution to this is to make a multiple power domain microcontroller. The idea is that one power domain can withstand voltages up to 5.5V. The microcontroller then uses an internal voltage regulator to scale down the voltage to a suitable level. The low voltage area will then have a suitable voltage level, which reduces both the dynamic- and leakage power usage. The different voltage domains uses different clock sources, so communicating between them requires both level shifters to deal with the different voltage levels, and synchronization logic to prevent metastability. This assignment uses two voltage domains, VIO and VCORE. Since voltage regulators are quite inefficient, it is most efficient to use only two domains. The VCORE domain contains most of the digital logic of the microcontroller, such as the CPU, SRAM and timers. This domain uses a high-speed clock source, and a VCORE data bus to communicate between each other. To communicate with the VIO domain, the data bus is connected to the VIO data bus through an asynchronous communication scheme block. This is because the VIO domain uses a low speed clock source. The usage of individual clock sources prevents clock skew problems that may occur when passing level shifters, and there is power saving by using only a low speed clock source on the VIO domain. The VIO domain contains the Power Management Unit (PMU). The PMU shall control the power usage of the microcontroller. During active mode, the PMU can set unused modules in sleep mode, or shut them completely off. Most of the power savings are during sleep mode though. This is because a microcontroller such as the AVR spends most of the time in sleep mode. To reduce the power usage in sleep mode, the leakage currents needs to be reduced. The best way of doing so is to disconnect the power from the circuits. If the voltage regulator is disconnected, and all the inputs are set to high impedance, the VCORE domain is completely disconnected from the power, and uses absolutely no power. An asynchronous wake up circuit is designed to make it possible to wake up the microcontroller from a sleep mode without the usage of synchronized digital logic. Then the low frequency oscillator can be turned off, and even more power is saved. The major disadvantage of the multiple power domain solution is the start up time from a sleep mode. If the power to the low voltage area is disconnected, the start up requires that all the capacitors become charged before the chip can start running again. The oscillator is shut off, and it takes time to stabilize the oscillator. Especially since the oscillator requires some stability in the voltage, and the voltage may not stable until the capacitors are charged. Simulations shows that the multiple power domain solution has great potential of power saving. The proposed asynchronous wake up circuit uses only 1.2275nA. This is significantly smaller than the AVR uses in the deepest sleep mode today. To get a secure microcontroller, a reset circuit has to be on to be able to reset the AVR if necessary. The power usage of the reset circuit used today is confidential Atmel information, and cannot be published in this assignment. By looking at the data sheet of a pico power circuit of the AVR, the ATmega329p, one can see that in the deepest sleep mode, the microcontroller uses 40nA at 1.8V. By assuming that the reset circuit does not use more that half of this current, the total amount of power that saved during a sleep mode by using the multiple power domain solution is about 47%.
Sipahigil, Oktay. "Multiple Window Detectors". Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612600/index.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłas. However, in the case of unknown signal duration, the performance of this detector decreases. For this scenario, a detector system composed of multiple windows may be preferred. Window sizes of such a system will also be fixed beforehand but they will be different from each other. Therefore, one of the windows will better match the signal duration, giving better detection results. In this study, multiple window detectors are analyzed. Their false alarm and detection probability relations are investigated. Some exact and approximate values are derived for these probabilities. A rule of thumb for the choice of window lengths is suggested for the case of fixed number of windows. Detectors with overlapping window structure are considered for the signals with unknown delay. Simulation results are added for these types of detectors.
Samoila, Lavinia Andreea. "Multiple Entity Reconciliation". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187010.
Pełny tekst źródłaDugas, Hugues. "Le tableau multiple". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq25301.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaSuderman, Matthew. "Multiple message broadcasting". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0024/MQ51480.pdf.
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