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L'Huillier, Anne. "Ionisation multiphotonique et multielectronique". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066268.
Pełny tekst źródłaL'Huillier, Anne. "Ionisation multiphotonique et multiélectronique". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375991831.
Pełny tekst źródłaStrupler, Mathias. "Imagerie du collagène par microscopie multiphotonique". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004540.
Pełny tekst źródłaLeray, Aymeric. "Microscopie multiphotonique appliquée à la biologie". Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S156.
Pełny tekst źródłaPoirier, Michel. "Ionisation multiphotonique résonnante et génération d'harmonique trois". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066538.
Pełny tekst źródłaPoirier, Michel. "Ionisation multiphotonique résonnante et génération d'harmonique trois". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376004594.
Pełny tekst źródłaLebret, Valérie. "Nanoparticules fonctionnalisées pour la bio-imagerie multiphotonique de cellules tumorales". Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20072.
Pełny tekst źródłaParent, Manuel. "Nanosondes pour l'imagerie multiphotonique : design, synthèse et caractérisation". Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S056.
Pełny tekst źródłaMultiphotonic excitation methods have attracted increased attention in relation to their convenient advantages regarding selectivity, 3‑D localisation and penetration depth. Non‑linear microscopies are one of the most promising techniques which allow a softer and higher‑performance biological imaging, only if high-performance adequate markers and probes are developed. In the first part of this work we present different existing probes and general concepts about two‑photon absorption induced fluorescence and second harmonic generation. Secondly, we present our work about the strategy used to create new molecular tools in order to probe, in real time, three important biological local parameters: pH, membrane potential, and microenvironment. The molecular engineering which has been developed allowed synthesis and study of several families of probes that show, besides a large non linear response, a great dependence of their photophysical characteristics to the probed parameter
Labroille, Guillaume. "Imagerie tridimensionnelle multiphotonique des tissus biologiques à l'aide d'impulsions façonnées". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00695044.
Pełny tekst źródłaLatinne, Olivier. "Etude théorique de l'ionisation multiphotonique d'atomes en champs lasers intenses". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212590.
Pełny tekst źródłaLemaire, Joël. "Ionisation multiphotonique résonnante : application à la dissociation unimoléculaire d'ions polyatomiques". Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112345.
Pełny tekst źródłaLemaire, Joël. "Ionisation multiphotonique résonnante application à la dissociation unimoléculaire d'ions polyatomiques". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37599098s.
Pełny tekst źródłaSutcliffe, Christopher Emile. "Dynamique quantique de l'excitation multiphotonique de molécules polyatomiques par laser infrarouge /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1985. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=7759.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuilbert, Thomas. "Microscopie multiphotonique de protéines fibrillaires : application à l’étude de la fibrose hépatique". Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S191.
Pełny tekst źródłaOptical imaging techniques based on nonlinear effects of photon-matter interactions, are increasingly applied in biology. Multiphoton microscopy provides an in-depth information at a micrometric scale in tissues, with low photo-toxicity. Moreover, the various sources of endogenous contrast in biological tissues allow to visualize, without any staining, the two photon excited fluorescence emission (TPEF), and second harmonic generation (SHG) of non-centrosymmetric molecules in non-centrosymmetric media, such as fibrillar proteins like collagen and myosin. These two endogenous contrasts enable a wide range of applications along with embryology, neuroscience or oncology. In this context, multiphoton microscopy appears as a promising tool for the study of fibrillar proteins present in biological tissues. In this document we first present the basis of multiphoton microscopy, the two contrasts involved in this imaging technique, and a tool based on the modulation of polarization of the exciting laser for the characterization of two fibrillar proteins, collagen and myosin. We also present a preliminary study of cattle skeletal muscle by multiphoton microscopy. In a second step, we use the specificity of SHG for imaging collagen to develop a method of scoring of fibrillar collagen deposits in human liver fibrosis. After an in-depth study of our collagen SHG scoring method, it is evaluated and compared to usual technics used to characterise fibrosis. This method which uses low NA lenses, could be extended to SHG endoscopes, when virtual biopsies will be possible
Nguyen, Anh Dung. "Amélioration de la résolution spatiale en microscopie multiphotonique par saturation de la fluorescence". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/221923.
Pełny tekst źródła-----------------------Résumé-----------------------Depuis la prédiction de Maria Göppert-Mayer dans les années 30 de la possibilité pour une molécule fluorescente d'être excitée simultanément par plusieurs photons et, plus récemment, depuis le développement des lasers pulsés, la microscopie multiphotonique s'est peu à peu développée pour finalement s'imposer aujourd'hui comme un des outils d'observation par fluorescence les plus performants pour les études de tissus épais diffusants, ou encore pour l'observation in vivo d'animaux. Que ce soit pour des études neurologiques, physiologiques ou morphologiques, l'aspect non invasif et la limitation du volume excité au volume focal ont rendu cet outil de microscopie indispensable aux biologistes.Cependant, dans un monde où les études biologiques nécessitent toujours de meilleurs microscopes et où la résolution spatiale en particulier doit toujours être améliorée, il convient de proposer des techniques permettant d'obtenir une meilleure résolution dans les trois dimensions et d'aller au-delà de la limite de diffraction définie par Ernst Abbe il y a plus d'un siècle.Dans cette thèse, la technique de saturation de l'excitation de la fluorescence est adaptée à la microscopie multiphotonique. Cette méthode permet d'obtenir des images de superrésolution en modulant temporellement l'intensité laser d'excitation et en démodulant les harmoniques supérieures présentes dans le signal saturé de fluorescence. La démonstration de principe sur des microsphères fluorescentes a été réalisée montrant une amélioration de la résolution latérale et axiale. Alors que l'utilisation de la troisième harmonique produit déjà une meilleure résolution, ce travail de thèse montre qu'une amélioration supplémentaire peut être obtenue en utilisant une combinaison linéaire particulière des harmoniques démodulées.Au final, un quasi doublement de la résolution a pu être observé tant dans les directions latérales que dans la direction axiale. Cette amélioration correspond à l'amélioration prédite dans l'analyse théorique et mathématique réalisée également dans ce travail.De plus, le passage aux études in vitro a été réalisé avec succès en observant des microsphères fluorescentes incorporées dans des cellules HeLa. Des améliorations de la résolution latérale et axiale ont également été observées montrant que cette technique de superrésolution peut être appliquée à l'étude d'échantillons biologiques. Les forces et les faiblesses de cette méthode sont également analysées et détaillées afin de voir dans quel créneau d'études biologiques la technique de saturation de l'excitation de fluorescence pourrait se faire une place. A cette fin, ses caractéristiques sont comparées aux autres méthodes de superrésolution et de superlocalisation détaillées dans la première partie de ce travail.Il en resort que l'importante profondeur d'imagerie, l'aspect non invasif et la limitation du volume excité de la microscopie multiphotonique couplés à la simplicité d'implémentation et les relativement faibles puissances utilisées pour saturer l'excitation font de cette technique un excellent candidat pour des études in vivo dans des zones en profondeur dans des milieux diffusants comme la peau.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Leclerc, Pierre. "Développement d’un endomicroscope multiphotonique à deux couleurs pour l’imagerie du métabolisme énergétique cellulaire". Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0053/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaNonlinear microscopy is a cutting edge imaging modality leading to remarkable step forward in biology but also in the clinical field. To use it at its full potential and at the very heart of clinical practice, there has been several development of fiber-based micro-endoscope. The application for those probes is now limited by few major restrictions, such as the impossibility to collect auto-fluorescence signal from tissues theses being inherently weak such as the fluorescence from NADH or FAD. This limitation reduces the usefulness of the micro-endoscope effectively restraining it to morphological imaging modality requiring staining of the tissue. Our aim is to go beyond this limitation, showing cellular metabolism monitoring, in real time, without any staining. The experimental setup is an upgrade of our precedent one where the reflection- based Grism stretcher is replace with a new generation transmission-based Grism stretcher. Another Laser was also added in order to tune the first laser at 860nm to allow FAD imaging and the second one to 760nm for NADH. The results prove that we assess and image the level of NADH and FAD at subcellular resolution through a five-meter-long fiber. Thus we demonstrate that we are capable of measuring the optical redox ratio in a micro-endoscopic configuration
Quémener, Mireille. "Conception, fabrication et caractérisation d'un GRIN-axicon pour une application en microscopie multiphotonique". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68755.
Pełny tekst źródłaTechnological advances in microscopy have led to the creation of a wide variety of optical systems dedicated to the investigation of the dynamic behavior of cells in vivo. In neuroscience, the challenge lies in the observation of interactions between labeled neurons located at different depths in the tissue. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to scan the sample on several transverse planes to fully cover its volume. Since this procedure decreases the temporal resolution, it has been proposed to use an axicon to increase the depth of field of the microscope and reduce the number of scans to be performed. However, the axicon is di cult to manufacture and usually has defects on the tip of the cone, thus degrading the quality of the component. In order to replace the axicon by another optical component easier to manufacture, the use of a graded index lens coupled to a single lens (GRIN-axicon) was considered. Simulations have shown that the GRIN-axicon has the potential to produce a good quality Bessel beam. However, experimental tests have been very limited and it is necessary to further investigate the behaviour of this new component in the laboratory. The objective of this master's project is therefore to design, manufacture and characterize a GRIN-axicon for application in multiphoton microscopy. As a secondary objective, we wish to deepen the theory related to this new component.
Alnama, Koutayba. "Photolyse VUV et spectroscopie d'Ionisation MultiPhotonique Résonante IMPR des petits hydrocarbures d'intérêt astrophysique". Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112081.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe work carried out during this thesis, is concentrated on two subjects: the first one is the dissociation of small hydrocarbons of astrophysical interest (ethylene, C2H4, allene and propyne C3H4) by synchrotron radiation in the VUV (7-23 eV) domain. The dissociation studied by analysis of the fluorescence spectra of photofragments, allowed us to probe the various dissociations pathways from the excited states. All these pathways observed from the excited states of ethylene are happened without any barrier. Strong competition between the dissociation to neutral radicals and the ionization to various excited ionic states is proved. The observation of the dissociation pathway CH(A) +CH3 gives an indication onto the formation of the ethylidene isomer CH3CH in the ethylene dissociation. We also concluded that the isomerisation between both isomers, allene and propyne, is always present over all the excitation energy (7-23 eV) and grows in importance when the excitation energy increases, until it becomes the major process from 19 eV. The second subject concerns the REMPI spectroscopy 3+2 and 3+1 photons of ethylene in the UV-visible region. A vibrational analysis of these spectra was made. We also recorded some REMPI-PES spectra 3+1, 3+2 photons for 3s, 3s+24, 3s+2, 3d, 3d+24, 3d+2 states. These spectra show Rydberg character of these states but this character is not pure. Nonadiabatic processes could happen in 3s, 3s+24, 3s+2 states region, these processes are less likely for the transitions towards the 3dstate
Ogor, Florie. "Microfabrication 3D par polymérisation multiphotonique massivement parallélisée pour des applications photoniques et biomédicales". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IMTA0413.
Pełny tekst źródłaSubmicron 3D structures are required in many fields (photonics, optics, biology, etc.). Fabricating such structures is difficult. Multiphoton polymerization is a suitable technique, but current fabrication times are long (one day to fabricate a mm3 structure), making industrial production costly and limiting the development of these structures. We present our contribution to the development and optimization of a massively parallelised multiphoton polymerization fabrication process for these structures. Two parallelization techniques are investigated at IMT Atlantique: one using a diffractive optical element and another, studied in this thesis, using a spatial light modulator in an imaging configuration and an ultra-sensitive TTA resist (Triplet-Triplet Annihilation), enabling writing with 1920 × 1080 beams in parallel. The use of multiple write beams can lead to resolution limiting proximity effects. We present our numerical simulation model of the photochemical process to understand, predict and correct these effects. We present possible improvements based on these simulations and the improved understanding of the optical system. The fabrication method we have developed enables us to fabricate structures with a resolution of around one micrometer in X,Y and several tens of micrometers in height on surfaces of the order of cm2 in just a few minutes. Finally, examples of applications in biology and ophthalmology, adapted to the photoplotter performance are presented
Canonge, Rafael. "Imagerie moléculaire 3D quantitative des tissus en utilisant la microscopie Raman cohérente sans marquage". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECDM0010/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis focuses on multiphotonic microscopy techniques development and use in order to image human biological samples. A multiphotonic imaging setup using label-free nonlinear contrasts mechanisms such as two-photons fluorescence, second harmonic generation, or stimulated Raman effect (CARS or SRS) has been designed and developped during this PhD, and I present the experimental work in two main research topics.In a first part, we compare label-free 3D imaging with classic histological imaging using colorimetric labels in human digestive system. We show that multiphotonic technics allow to reconstruct the organization and discern the molecular compounds inside the tissues, in order to get a caratérization of the cancerous tumors developpement.The second part is related to the application of our multimodal setup to the quantitative study of real active molecular compounds real time penetration into in vivo human skin. We show that multiphotonic microscopy make possible to mesure active molecules in depth 3D concentration in the skin in order to understand transcutaneous diffusion mechanisms in cosmetic and pharmacological applications
GUIZARD, STEPHANE. "Effet zeeman dans les etats de rydberg de no, sondes par ionisation multiphotonique resonnante". Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112373.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoyé-Péronne, Séverine. "Etude expérimentale de la structure et de la dynamique des états de Rydberg de la molécule d'acétylène par excitation laser multiphotonique et rayonnement synchrotron : approche théorique de l'isomère vinylidène, application astrophysique". Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112259.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe acetylene molecule (C2H2) is an abundant species in circumstellar envelopes and cometary atmospheres, and plays a crucial role in interstellar carbon chemistry. This Thesis consists of an experimental investigation of the relaxation mechanisms in the Rydberg states of C2H2. These excited states dominate the VUV absorption spectrum of acetylene, and are known to be predissociated to some degree. They may therefore be considered as doorway states towards fragmentation processes. The initial goal of this work was to complete the spectroscopy of C2H2 Rydberg states, using the technique of Resonant Multiphoton Ionization with pulsed nanosecond lasers. Subsequently, the dissociative relaxation pathways were probed through selectively excited Rydberg states in experiments carried out in the Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Orsay (Super-ACO). The visible fluorescence emission of the carbonated fragments C2H, CH and C2 have been analyzed as a function of the excitation energy utilizing an original optical system, designed to optimize the visible fluorescence collection. The main body of results deal with the characterization of a unique dissociative channel C2H2 + hv --> C2H + H below the first ionization potential (IP). Above the IP, many other channels are open, such as concerted fragmentation combined with molecular H2 elimination. The evolution of the C2H radical quasi-continuous emission (range 400-850 nm) has been explained by the production of C2H in highly excited bending levels of the A state, in the region of the isomerisation barrier. Finally, a theoretical characterization has been performed of the vinylidene isomer H2CC of acetylene, in order to better understand the isomerisation channel. Via quantum chemistry ab initio calculations, the structure and nature (valence or Rydberg) of the first 12 excited singlet states of vinylidene have been determined for the first time, up to 10eV above the ground state
Boksebeld, Maxime. "Elaboration et caractérisation de nanoparticules hybrides pour la microscopie multiphotonique et la thérapie ciblée du cancer". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC029/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis describes the synthesis of new nanoprobes with properties allowing their use for cancer-targeted multiphotonic microscopy and cancer phototherapy. On the one hand, this work was focused on the synthesis of nanoparticles with non-linear optical and phototherapeutic properties. Different nanoparticles were synthesized and used like gold nanorods, silicon carbide or potassium niobate nanoparticles, and nanohybrids coupling these previous nano-building blocks. These nanoparticles were functionalized with biomolecules like folic acid to provide specific cancer-targeting properties. The surface chemistry of these nanoparticles was carefully evaluated through advanced characterization techniques such as infrared spectroscopy, XPS and ToF-SIMS. On the other hand, optical and therapeutic properties of these nanoparticles were studied. These nanoprobes were successfully used to perform healthy cells labelling and cancer cells targeting for multiphotonic microscopy. Phototherapeutic properties of our nanoparticles were also used to induce light-triggered cancer therapy
Paul, Pierre-Marie. "Ionisation multiphotonique xuv-ir : etudes et applications a la mesure d'impulsions xuv femto et atto secondes". Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066349.
Pełny tekst źródłaFoulquier, Jean-Noël. "Excitation multiphotonique du xénon au voisinage de l'état 1P analyse spectroscopique et génération de l'harmonique trois". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597726c.
Pełny tekst źródłaAsselin, Pierre. "Etude de systemes moleculaires neutres et ioniques par spectroscopie de photoelectrons associee a l'ionisation multiphotonique resonnante". Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112327.
Pełny tekst źródłaPena, Ana-Maria. "Génération de seconde harmonique par le collagène et application à l'étude de fibroses par microscopique multiphoton". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPXX0026.
Pełny tekst źródłaRouille, Gaël. "Contribution à l'étude de la molécule d'oxygène par diffusion Raman et par ionisation multiphotonique augmentée par résonance". Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOS071.
Pełny tekst źródłaRipoche, Xavier. "Ionisation et dissociation multiphotonique resonnante appliquees a la spectroscopie de cations polyatomiques-spectroscopie vibronique du cation chlorobenzene". Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112221.
Pełny tekst źródłaDucourthial, Guillaume. "Développement d'un endomicroscope multiphotonique compact et flexible pour l'imagerie in vivo haute résolution de tissus biologiques non marqués". Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0004/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaMultiphoton microscopy is an essential investigative tool in cell and tissue biology. Its extension to endoscopy is the subject of intensive research for applications in neuroscience (brain imaging of small animals) or clinical (early diagnosis, help for biopsy). This manuscript focuses on the development of an endomicroscope with multiphoton unprecedented performance. This device is powered by a standard titanium-sapphire oscillator. Then comes a pre-compensation module of linear and nonlinear distortions occurring in the endoscopic fiber. This module provides compressed pulses of 39 fs at the direct output of 5 meters long innovative double-clad air-silica microstructured fiber which is optimized for multiphoton excitation (polarization maintaining central core of 3.4 µm) and the collection of the signal produced by biological targets. At the end of the fiber, there is an endoscopic probe, 2.2 mm in diameter and 37 mm long, composed of a micro fiber scanning system and an achromatic micro-objective with a working distance greater than 400 µm. The spatial resolution of the device is 0.83 µm and the acquisition is done simultaneously on two spectral channels at 8 frames/s. The device has recorded in vivo images without label of the tubules and the renal capsule, respectively by two-photon excitation fluorescence of flavins and second harmonic generation of collagen, with 30 mW on the tissues and 300 µm below the surface of the organ
Daoud, Mohammed. "Méthodes d'adaptation à la symétrie et modèles pour des processus d'absorption multiphotonique d'ions de transition en symétrie finie". Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10248.
Pełny tekst źródłaMONARD, HUGUES. "Proprietes optiques de films granulaires metalliques. Utilisation de ces films en tant que photocathodes fonctionnant en regime multiphotonique". Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077247.
Pełny tekst źródłaFoulquier, Jean-Noël. "Excitation multiphotonique du xenon au voisinage de l'etat **(1)p::(1) : analyse spectroscopique et generation de l'harmonique trois". Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30004.
Pełny tekst źródłaLê, Thi Ngà. "Etude structurale de biomolécules de grandes tailles, en phase gazeuse, par spectroscopie infrarouge, spectrométrie de mobilité ionique et dissociation induite par attachement d'électron". Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA132017.
Pełny tekst źródłaGas-phase studies of large biological molecules have emerged with the advent of soft production methods of biomolecular ions under vacuum (like ESI or MALDI) combined to mass spectrometry. The first aim of this work was to use three complementary experimental techniques, namely IRMPD spectroscopy, ion mobility mass spectrometry and electron capture dissociation ECD to probe the gas-phase structures of amyloïd Aβ₁₂-₂₈ and tryptophan zippers TZ1 and TZ4 peptides. The main originality of this study is to analyse the specific c/z product ion abundances in ECD experiments with the structural information gained through IR spectroscopy and ion mobility experiments. With this complementary approach, we were able to assign the most probable gas-phase structures of these flexible peptides. In particular, it is shown that the native structure of the peptides is not conserved in the gas phase. This study relies on the interplay between experiments and theoretical calculations. To that end, we used several theoretical methods, ranging for molecular dynamics using a classical force field (AMBER) to quantum mechanics calculations to simulate the vibrational spectra of the peptides. The second aim of this work was to design, develop and optimize a unique device, coupling a novel source introducing biomolecules in the gas phase, based on laser desorption from liquid micro-droplets directly into vacuum, coupled with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. This desorption source is an original alternative to the usual methods (ESI or MALDI). Through mass spectrometry techniques, it should allow investigating the complexation processes of non-covalently bound species in conditions as close as the ones encountered in solution. We have recently obtained the first mass spectra. Due to the high velocity spread of the desorbed ions, new developments are needed to improve the mass resolution. In particular, we plan to transfer the ions in a quadrupole ion trap and to perform the laser desorption in front a pulsed valve to stream the ions in the supersonic expansion
Gallavardin, Thibault. "Chromophores à absorption multiphotonique pour l'imagerie et la photothérapie dynamique : synthèse, vectorisation, greffage sur nanoparticules d'or et propriétés spectroscopiques". Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENSL0606.
Pełny tekst źródłaPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic method which allows the specific targeting of lesions by the localized irradiation of photosensitizers. Biphotonic excitation should improve this method by increasing its penetration depth in biological tissues and restricting strictly its activity at the focal point of a laser. However, few biphotonic dyes has been optimized for biological applications because it are generally constituted by extended pi-conjugated chains which make them very hydrophobic. Nanometric drug delivery agents should be of great interest to tackle this problem thanks to their preferential accumulation in tumors. Gold nanoparticles are still more interesting because they possess intrinsic optical properties which may influence the efficiency of photosensitizers and imaging agents at their vicinity
Samson, Karen. "Imagerie multiphotonique de la sérotonine par contraste endogène : Vers un outil pour évaluer la concentration de la sérotonine in vivo". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28895/28895.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaSerotonin (5-HT) is a neurotransmitter regulating several basic functions of the body: thermoregulation, sexual and food behavior, the sleep-wake cycle, perception of pain, anxiety, motor control, but is best known for control of mood. The lack of serotonin in the central nervous system is associated with mental illness. These diseases are depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, panic disorder, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizophrenia. A detection tool of serotonin and its precursors would allow us to study the mechanism of various diseases involving an imbalance of this neurotransmitter. In the central nervous system, the biosynthesis of serotonin occurs in specific neurons of the brainstem. Serotonin, like its precursor tryptophan (Trp), is highly fluorescent in comparison to other endogenous molecules. Multiphoton fluorescence excitation has been used in this project to detect serotonin without exogenous labels. This fluorescence imaging technique provides a good specificity as well as optical sectioning for imaging in cells and tissues. Different excitation processes (two- and three-photon) under different conditions (fixed cells or not) were explored to optimize the detection of autofluorescence of serotonin. We therefore first developed an imaging system capable of detecting the fluorescence of molecules involved in the biosynthesis of serotonin, excluding tryptophan. We are able to detect these isolated species in solution at concentrations near a millimolar. The method was tested in two models containing serotonin (cells and slices). The measurements have shown a lack of specificity and sensitivity when used in systems more complex than simple solutions. This lack of specificity and sensitivity is discussed with possible improvements for future project including the use of other models with better control of serotonin concentrations, of other more advanced optical techniques such as fluorescence lifetime imaging.
Morlet-Savary, Fabrice. "Analyse de contours rotationnels de bandes d'absorption vibroniques de cations aromatiques formes par ionisation multiphotonique resonnante : distribution rotationnelle non boltzmanienne". Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112280.
Pełny tekst źródłaFabre, Aurélie. "Voies des peptides endogènes sérotonine et somatostatine et application de la microscopie multiphoton dans la fibrose pulmonaire". Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077237.
Pełny tekst źródłaIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is characterised by inflammation and fibrosis within the pulmonary interstitium. The bleomycin induced lung fibrosis animal model allows the study of potentially therapeutic molecules, and the application of new techniques of tissue microscopy. In this model, we have studied two endogenous peptides, serotonin (5-HT) and somatostatin which display pro fibrotic and ant anti-fibrotic properties respectively, using specific antagonists or analogues to cellular receptors. Blockage of 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors - which are preferentially expressed in the lung, - with specific antagonists (ketanserin and SB215505 respectively), reduced lung fibrosis (total soluble collagen and procollagen I and III mRNA) and the expression of profibrotic mediators known to be involved in the pathophysiology of lung fibrosis (TGF-B1, CTGF, PAI-1). The somatostatin pathway appears also involved, and its receptors sstl, sst2, sst3, ssst4 and sst5 are expressed in the normal lung, with and an increase of sst-2 receptor following bleomycin instillation. Daily subcutaneous single dose injection of SOM230, a new somatostatin analogue, in bleomycin mice, improves mice survival, decreases the pulmonary concentration in collagen and the expression of procollagen I, as well as the expression of pro fibrotic factors TGF-IÎ1 and CTGF, and increases the expression of the protective factors HGF and KGF. Finally, the application of multiphoton microscopy in this model describes for the first time the tridimensional features on the normal and fibrotic lung, and allows volumetric quantitative and qualitative analysis of collagen deposition of unstained fresh lung, opening new perspectives in tissue assessment of this disease both in vive and ex vivo
Mons, Michel. "Dynamique de la photodissociation de NO₂ : étude par ionisation multiphotonique résonnante de la répartition d'énergie et des anisotropies dans les fragments". Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112058.
Pełny tekst źródłaMons, Michel. "Dynamique de la photodissociation de NO étude par ionisation multiphotonique résonnante de la répartition d'énergie et des anisotropies dans les fragments /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37616657n.
Pełny tekst źródłaMhalla, Taghrid. "Micro-ablation athermique de matériaux transparents par absorption multiphotonique avec une micro-puce laser amplifiée Nd : YAG à impulsions vertes sub-nanosecondes". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY059/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaMicrochip lasers with sub-nanosecond pulses are attractive alternative to femtosecond lasers for micromachining in transparent materials by multiphoton absorption. These lasers can easily reach pulse peak powers that are needed to trigger ablation in all materials, including diamond, ceramics, plastics, and glasses. In addition, they are low cost with compact and rugged design. In this thesis, a microchip laser (532 nm, 300 ps) has been used for micro-engraving and marking different types of transparent materials such as borosilicate D263, BK7, and SBS thermoplastic. Experimental resultsare rationalized by the model of matter explosion following the plasma generation induced by the laser two-photon absorption. Sub-micron resolution embedded marking is demonstrated inside borosilicate glass. Micro fluidic channels for optical sensors are engraved on BK-7 glass with ion-doped waveguides. Arrays of dense micro channels are fabricated at the surface of thermoplastics with a zone affected by thermal effects limited to the micron range. In summary, this thesis demonstrates that this type of laser can be efficiently used for high-resolution micro-machining transparent materials with minimal thermal effects
Slimani, Amel. "Photonic approach for the study of dental hard tissues and carious lesion detection". Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT125.
Pełny tekst źródłaPhotonic properties of dental hard tissues allowed us to proceed to in vitro analysis of enamel and dentin on a molecular level. Confocal Raman microscopy has been used to produce a mapping of collagen cross-link and crystallinity of human dentin–enamel junction (DEJ) with a spatial resolution not achieved up to now. The method is a non-invasive, label-free and a high spatial resolution imaging technique. This chemical analysis of DEJ led us to redefine a wider width of this transition zone and advance our understanding of dental histology. A study on the intrinsic fluorescence changes of sound and carious tissues using conventional fluorescence microscopy suggests the involvement of protoporphyrin IX and pentosidine in the fluorescence red-shift observed in carious tissues. Multiphoton microscopy allowed to detect nonlinear optical signal changes during caries process using second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon excitation fluorescence (2PEF). Our studies led us to propose the ratio SHG/2PEF as valuable parameter to monitor caries lesion. Collectively, advances described in this thesis show the potential of photonic properties of enamel and dentin using Raman and multiphoton microcopies for molecular investigations on sound as much as on carious tissues. It opens new perspective in dental research and clinical applications
Ait, el Madani Hassan. "Microscopie multiphotonique in vivo chez l'homme : application à l'analyse dynamique des modifications structurales et fonctionnelles cutanées et à l'évaluation de la réponse thérapeutique". Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077214.
Pełny tekst źródłaInvestigation of the 3D structure of human skin with a sub-cellular resolution. Multiphoton microscopy imaging has generated new qualitative information in dermatology. However, only very few published data deal with quantitative analysis from multiphoton images. The aim of this thesis was to contribute to the developpement of multiphoton images analysis, by a rationalization of the visual approach and the validation of new quantitative parameters. Two clinical approaches were performed. The first one addressed the assessment and the monitoring of cutaneous side effects induced by topical corticotherapy. A preliminary pilot study allowed demonstration that multiphoton microscopy was able to objectivate morphological and pigmentary modifications in epidermis in a non invasive way. A more comprehensive second study focusing on two age groups showed that multiphoton microscopy could objectivate age-related cutaneous modifications. Differences in the effect induced by the corticoids were characterized between young and old volunteers. Quantitative parameters were validated by comparison to already known histological features. The second clinical approach dealt with a physiological situation: analysis of different skin color typologies. This study comforted the pertinence of quantitative parameters related to pigmentation assessment. Discrimination of various skin color typologies was performed thanks to quantitative methods based on use of the specific fluorescence lifetime of the melanin or its high fluorescence signal
FILLION, JEAN-HUGUES. "Etude des etats de rydberg de petites molecules et de petits agregats par ionisation multiphotonique resonnante. Application a c2h2, no et no-ar". Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112144.
Pełny tekst źródłaSadetsky, Gregory. "Perceptual hashing-based movement compensation applied to in vivo two-photon microscopy". Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30446/30446.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaAnimal movement during in vivo two-photon microscopy experiments hinders efforts at observing biological phenomena and the subsequent analysis of the acquired video streams. One of the reasons for this is that, due to optical sectioning, any displacement in the z-axis (perpendicular to the plane of imaging) dramatically changes the collected image and thus provides the experimenter with an unstable view of the imaged sample. By applying a hashing function on the acquired video frames, we produce vectors embodying the images’ perceptual qualities; these vectors can then be used to compare the frames one to another, in real-time. These comparisons allow us to group similar images in clusters corresponding to distinct z-planes. In effect, the process of perceptually hashing, comparing and grouping video frames provides us with software-based, real-time movement compensation which can be used in a biological laboratory setting.
Bellier, Quentin. "Ingénierie moléculaire pour l'optimisation des effets liés à l'absorption multiphotonique sur la famille Aza-Bodipy : application à la limitation optique aux fréquences des télécommunications". Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENSL0690.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe optical power limiting (OPL) is a protection process of detectors (eyes, cameras…) against laser aggression. The rapid development of frequency-tunable pulsed lasers up to telecommunication wavelengths led to the design of new materials for nonlinear absorption in this spectral range, in particular at 1500 nm. Mutiphotonic absorption, such as the two-photon absorption (TPA) is one of the mechanisms involved in the OPL. TPA is a third order nonlinear phenomenon that promotes a molecule to an excited state by the simultaneous absorption of two photons. Moreover, the overall OPL efficiency can be enhanced by excited state absorption (ESA). In this context, this thesis describes the synthesis of a new family of versatile near infra-red dyes, namely aza-borondipyrromethene (Aza-Bodipy) featuring several sites of functionalization by electro-donating or electro-withdrawing moieties. These molecules present the typical behavior of optical limiters at telecommunication wavelengths, with a maximal efficiency around 1300 nm. OPL curves were interpreted on the basis of two phenomena: TPA, followed by ESA for an overall 2+1 photons absorption. These two processes have been measured independently and structure-activity relationships have been established in order to rationalize OPL experiments. The charge transfer effect and the spectral overlap between TPA and ESA are therefore the key parameters. For practical use of OPL functions, it is required for the chromophores to be introduced into a solid material, which enables polishing and other post-processing. Therefore, Aza-Bodipy dyes have been successfully incorporated to a solid matrix using the sol-gel technique. For the first time, optical quality materials have been prepared featuring OPL properties in the infra-red, which are better than the ones in solution
Dufour, Pascal. "Utilisation d'axicons pour la microscopie à deux photons". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28480/28480.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThériault, Gabrielle. "Développement d'un microscope à grande profondeur de champ pour l'imagerie fonctionnelle de neurones dans des échantillons épais". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25740.
Pełny tekst źródłaOne of the greatest challenges of modern neuroscience that will lead to a better understanding and earlier diagnostics of brain sickness is to decipher the details of neuronal interactions in the living brain. To achieve this goal, we must be capable of observing populations of living cells in their original matrix with a good resolution, both spatial and temporal. Two-photon microscopy offers the right tools for this since it presents with a spatial resolution in the order of the micron. Unfortunately, this very good three-dimensional resolution lowers the temporal resolution because the optical sectioning caused by the microscope's small depth of field forces us to scan thick samples repeatedly when acquiring data from a large volume. In this doctoral project, we have designed, built and characterized a two-photon microscope with an extended depth of field with the goal of simplifying the functional imaging of neurons in thick samples. To increase the laser scanning microscope's depth of field, we shaped the laser beam entering the optical system in such a way that a needle of light is generated inside the sample instead of a spot. We modify the laser beam with an axicon, a cone-shaped lens that transforms a gaussian beam into a quasi non-diffractive beam called Bessel-Gauss beam. The excitation beam therefore maintains the same transverse resolution at different depths inside the sample, eliminating the need for many scans in order to probe the entire volume of interest. In this thesis, we demonstrate that the extended depth of field microscope effectively works as we designed it, and we use it to image calcium dynamics in a three-dimensional network of live neurons. We also present the different advantages of our system in comparison with standard two-photon microscopy.
Guillemant, Marie. "Development of a three-photon microscope for awake and behaving non-human primates". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASL025.
Pełny tekst źródłaMulti-photon microscopy has become a standard technique to study the structural and functional activity in mice but it faces obstacles to be applied in larger animals. It would be particularly advantageous to be able to apply it to macaque monkeys, as they are the animal model of choice to understand the neural mechanisms of high-level cognitive functions such as selective attention, working memory and consciousness. One of the main limiting factors for imaging in larger animals is the dura mater. This tough and opaque layer of tissue protects the brain but is so thick in larger animals that it obstructs imaging. It is therefore commonly removed but this leads to a highly invasive and unstable preparation. The main aim of the current work is to investigate the possibility to record functional activity from the cortex of the rhesus macaque monkey through the natural dura.A multi-photon microscopy setup has been designed with a two-photon and a three-photon microscopy optical paths to record from awake macaque monkeys. The repetition rate of the laser is 2MHz which allows a maximum imaging depth inside the cortex of 520µm at 960nm and 715µm at 1300nm with an additional 120µm-thick layer of dura mater at the surface. Resonance-galvo scanning is used to allow a maximal frame rate of 15.6Hz at a field of view of 620x630µm². In addition to the setup, surgical implants have been developed for long-term and awake imaging.Using an ex vivo study of dura mater from a macaque monkey, the induced optical aberrations are studied by measuring the decrease in spatial resolution of the setup for a varying thickness of dura mater. This reveals that it has no significant impact on the spatial resolution for a thickness up to 150µm at 1300nm. The effective attenuation length of the dura mater is estimated to be 56.5±10.1µm at 960nm and 80.7±5.3µm at 1300nm. These measurements are used to model the maximum imaging depth that can be reached according to the repetition rate of the laser and the thickness of the dura.This model is adjusted and validated using in vivo data from two non-human primates. The effective attenuation length of the natural dura mater and of a regrowth of tissue following a durectomy (called a 'neomembrane') are investigated. Functional recordings have been performed in mice and preprocessed using Suite2P. Viral injection parameters have been tested in three macaque monkeys and we have so far recorded the in vivo structural and functional activity of neurons in one. Finally, the comparison between the use of two- and three-photon microscopy to study non-human primates is discussed. In conclusion, we have set up and optimized a multi-photon microscope for long-term awake imaging of the cortex of non-human primates and shown that it was possible to record down to over 700µm into the cortex (which corresponds to the layers L2/L3) while imaging through the natural dura mater or a neomembrane
Crunelle, Benoît. "Étude de flammes basse pression de méthane et d'éthane par couplage faisceau moléculaire : spectrométrie de masse avec ionisation par impact électronique ou multiphotonique et par modélisation". Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10163.
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