Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Multifunctional Textiles”

Textiles of today are materials with applications in almost all our activities. We wear clothes all the time and we are surrounded with textiles in almost all our environments. The integration of multifunctional values in such a common material has become a special area of interest in recent years. Smart Textile represents the next generation of textiles anticipated for use in several fashion, furnishing and technical textile applications. The term smart is used to refer to materials that sense and respond in a pre-defined manner to environmental stimuli. The degree of smartness varies and it is possible to enhance the intelligence further by combining these materials with a controlling unit, for example a microprocessor. As an interdisciplinary area Smart Textile includes design spaces from several areas; the textile design space, the information technology design space and the design space of material science. This thesis addresses how Smart Textiles affect the textile design space; how the introduction of smart materials and information technology affects the creation of future textile products. The aim is to explore the convergence between textiles, smart materials and information technology and to contribute to providing a basis for future research in this area. The research method is based on a series of interlinked experiments designed through the research questions and the research objects. The experiments are separated into two different sections: interactive textile structures and health monitoring. The result is a series of basic methods for how interactive textile structures are created and a general system for health monitoring. Furthermore the result consists of a new design space, advanced textile design. In advanced textile design the focus is set on the relation between the different natures of a textile object: its physical structure and its structure in the context of design and use.

Des films multicouches à base de nanoparticules de TiO2 et d’Ag ont été construits sur des substrats modèles et des textiles via la technique du Layer-by-Layer (LbL). Les films à base de nanoparticules de TiO2 construits sur substrats modèles ont montré un comportement photocatalytique non conventionnel pour la minéralisation de l’acide formique en phase gaz sous irradiation UV-A, et une minéralisation très importante a été obtenue avec un film possédant une unique couche de nanoparticule de TiO2. Ces films ont également montré des propriétés biocides sous irradiation UV-A. La mise en œuvre d’une méthode one-pot, combinant la synthèse photo-induite des nanoparticules d’Ag et dépôt de la couche de TiO2 par LbL, a permis la synthèse de nanoparticules d’Ag directement au sein des films et une exaltation très importante des propriétés photocatalytiques des films. Les méthodes de constructions ont été transférées avec succès sur textiles. Les films restent photocatalytiquement actifs et biocides sous irradiation UV-A après plusieurs cycles de lavages<br>TiO2 and Ag nanoparticle multilayered films were constructed on model substrates and textiles via Layer-by-Layer (LbL) assembly. The TiO2 nanoparticle based films constructed on model substrates showed a non-conventional photocatalytic behaviour for gas phase formic acid mineralisation upon UV-A irradiation, and a high mineralisation was obtained for a single layer TiO2 nanoparticle film. These films also showed biocidal properties upon UV-A irradiation. The elaboration of a one-pot method, combining the photo-induced synthesis of Ag nanoparticles and the LbL deposition of TiO2 nanoparticle layer, allowed the direct synthesis of Ag nanoparticles within the films and a high enhancement of the film photocatalytic properties. The construction methods were successfully transfered on textile surfaces. The films were photocatalytically active and biocidal under UV-A irradiation after several washing treatment cycles

Les textiles jouent un rôle important dans notre vie quotidienne. La plupart des fibres textiles et des tissus sont fabriqués à partir de polymères à base de pétrole, des matériaux inflammables et potentiellement dangereux. Afin de conférer le caractère ignifuge aux fibres textiles; entre autres, les composés halogénés sont plus efficaces et largement utilisés pour améliorer le comportement ignifuge des matières textiles. Cependant, en raison de la toxicité des composés halogénés et de l'épuisement progressif des ressources pétrolières, les communautés scientifiques et industrielles sont obligées de trouver des solutions alternatives. Par conséquent, on s’intéresse de plus en plus aux ressources durables, en particulier au développement de systèmes ignifugeants fabriqués à partir de ressources biologiques et respectueux de l’environnement non halogénés. Dans le contexte de l’utilisation de ressources biologiques, une attention particulière a été appelée pour la biomasse. Après la cellulose, la lignine est le deuxième polymère de biomasse le plus abondant et le principal à base d'unités aromatiques. En particulier, la lignine est avantageuse car c’est un coproduit des industries de la pâte à papier et de la fabrication du papier et non une ressource qui nécessite une production spécifique. En fait, sa structure chimique hautement aromatique permet d’améliorer différentes propriétés fonctionnelles telles que la résistance aux UV, l’antioxydant et l’ignifugation des polymères. Récemment, la lignine a fait l’objet d’une grande attention en tant qu’additif retardateur de flamme d'origine biologique en raison de son aptitude élevée à la formation de carbone après la décomposition thermique. Cette capacité de formation de carbone de la lignine en fait un candidat de choix comme source de carbone pour un système intumescent avec un autre additif ignifuge. Lors du chauffage, les matériaux intumescents ignifuges (FR) forment une couche carbonisée cellulaire expansée; agissant comme une barrière physique contre le transfert de chaleur et de masse, qui protège le matériau sous-jacent de l'action du flux de chaleur et de la flamme.Au meilleur de nos connaissances, aucune étude n'a été publiée concernant l'introduction de la lignine en tant que source de carbone dans les structures textiles pour leur conférer des propriétés ignifugeantes. Par conséquent, dans cette étude, la lignine a été introduite dans la structure textile lors de la composition. Cette thèse porte sur le développement de la structure textile ignifuge entièrement biosourcée. Pour atteindre cet objectif, l'approche en plusieurs étapes est adoptée. Dans une première étape, la matrice polymère biosourcée a été sélectionnée pour produire la structure textile et la méthode d’incorporation de la lignine a été étudiée et optimisée. Ensuite, les propriétés ignifuges apportées par la lignine ont été caractérisées et améliorées en ajoutant un additif ignifuge dans les formulations (par exemple, utilisation de sources acides pour développer un système intumescent pouvant améliorer la résistance des textiles au feu). Dans la deuxième phase du projet, la lignine a été combinée à la source d'acide d'origine biologique pour développer une nouvelle génération de structures durables (100% biosourcées) destinées aux marchés du textile. La principale avancée technologique consiste à utiliser et à combiner différents composants biosourcés utilisés dans d'autres industries, telles que l'industrie du plastique, afin de développer des solutions textiles<br>It has been chosen to study valorization of low-cost industrial lignin as additive in designing the flame retardant (FR) system for polyamide 11 (PA) to develop biobased textile structure. The main focus of this thesis work is to consider lignin as carbon source and introduce in a textile structure in combination with phosphinate salt (FR agent). In the primary study, chemically different industrial lignins were incorporated in PA by extrusion to investigate the charring and fire retardant behaviour of the prepared binary blends. In addition, the introduction of sulphonated lignins significantly reduced the peak of the heat release rate (PHRR) and of the total heat release (THR), and a noticeable increase of the char residue was observed after forced combustion test. In the next approach, lignin was exploited as carbon source in combination with commercially available phosphinate FR (i.e., ZnP and AlP). To achieve this objective, a preliminary study carried out with laboratory grade lignin (LS) combined with ZnP to investigate the thermal stability and fire performance as well as the possible synergy between lignin and ZnP and with the polymer matrix. The results obtained in this study permitted to continue further, the practical implementation of lignin and multifilament production. In the next step, flame retarded blends were developed with direct addition of low-cost industrial lignins (LL and DL) with phosphinate FR. For the systematic understanding, various FR formulations were developed by varying the lignin and FR loading and characterized. Thermal decomposition analysis showed that the presence of lignin decreases the initial decomposition temperature (T5%) due to the decomposition of lignin which starts at a lower temperature region with the evolution of less thermally stable compounds and the maximum decomposition temperature (Tmax) shifts to higher temperature region, at this stage the formation of phenolic, carbonyls, hydrocarbons and CO2 along with phosphinate compounds occurs. Meanwhile, in the condensed phase thermally stable aromatic charred layer is formed because of lignin decomposition and phosphate compounds formation due to the presence of phosphinate metal salt. A higher amount of char residue is obtained when LL combined with ZnP/AlP as compared to the DL and ZnP/AlP blends. It is assumed that, during decomposition of LL, the sulfonate compounds release SO2 and transformed into thermally stable Na2SO4, hence giving rise to the stable char residue. The fire properties were assessed by cone calorimeter tests revealed the combination of lignin and phosphinate FR significantly reduced the PHRR and other fire-related parameters due to the formation of a protective char layer. The presence of lignin not only improve fire retardancy but also reduced the evolution of carbon monoxide (CO). More enhanced fire retardant properties were obtained with LL and ZnP/AlP combination reaches to 10 wt% in ternary blends, which not only promotes char formation but also confer the stability to char in the condensed phase. Furthermore, the most enhanced forced combustion results were obtained with LL and AlP (in particular, PA80-LL10-AlP10). Multifilament yarns were successfully produced for PA-DL-ZnP and PA-LL-ZnP combinations. However, the blends of AlP with lignin were not spinnable because of low compatibility and dispersion level of AlP in the polymer. Optical microscopy and tensile tests were performed to study the physical properties of multifilaments. A double layer (interlock structure) knitted fabrics were developed to evaluate fire behaviour analysis on fabric samples

There is an increased awareness of the textile dyeing and finishing sector’s high impact on the environment due to high water consumption, polluted wastewater, and inefficient use of energy. To reduce environmental impacts, researchers propose the use of dyes from natural sources. The purpose of using these is to impart new attributes to textiles without compromising on environmental sustainability. The attributes given to the textile can be color and/or other characteristics. A drawback however, is that the use of bio-sourced dyes is not free from environmental concerns. Thus, it becomes paramount to assess the environmental impacts from using them and improve the environmental profile, but studies on this topic are generally absent. The research presented in this thesis has included environmental impact assessment, using the life cycle assessment (LCA) tool, in the design process of a multifunctional polyester (PET) fabric using natural anthraquinones. By doing so an eco-design approach has been applied, with the intention to pave the way towards eco-sustainable bio-functionalization of textiles. The anthraquinones were obtained from the root extracts of the madder plant (Rubia tinctorum L.), referred to as madder dye. The research questions were therefore formulated related to the use of madder dye. Three research questions have been answered: (I) Can madder dye serve as a multifunctional species onto a PET woven fabric? (II) How does the environmental profile of the dyeing process of PET with madder dye look like, and how can it be improved? (III) What are the main challenges in using LCA to assess the environmental impacts of textile dyeing with plant-based dyes? It is concluded that there is a potential for the madder dye to serve as a multifunctional species onto PET. Based on the encouraging result, a recommendation for future work would be to focus on the durability of the functionalities presented and their improvement potential, both in exhaustion dyeing and pad-dyeing. LCA driven process optimization of the exhaustion dyeing enabled improvement in every impact category studied. However, several challenges have been identified which need to be overcome for the LCA to contribute to the sustainable use of multifunctional plant-based species in textile dyeing. The main challenges are the lack of available data at the research stage and the interdisciplinary nature of the research arena. It is envisaged that if these challenges are addressed, LCA can contribute towards sustainable bio-functionalization of textiles.<br>Le secteur de la teinture et de l’ennoblissement textile est de plus en plus conscient de son impact sur l’environnement dû principalement à la consommation élevée de l’eau et à sa pollution, et aux pertes d’énergie. Pour réduire ces impacts, les chercheurs proposent l’utilisation de molécules issues de ressources naturelles, pour traiter les textiles en limitant les impacts sur l’environnement. C’est le cas pour l’obtention de textiles colorés ou pour l’attribution de toute autre fonctionnalité. Cependant, il n’est pas évident que ces molécules bio-sourcées n’aient aucun impact sur l’environnement. On comprend l’importance d’évaluer les impacts de leur utilisation et d’améliorer leur profil environnemental. Or ce type d’étude est peu présent dans la littérature. La recherche présentée dans cette thèse comporte l’évaluation des impacts environnementaux en utilisant l’outil d’analyse du cycle de vie (ACV) pour la conception du traitement d’un tissu de polyester (PET) multifonctionnel avec des anthraquinones naturelles. La méthodologie d’éco conception que nous avons appliquée ouvre la voie à une bio-fonctionnalisation des textiles plus respectueuse de l’environnement. Les anthraquinones ont été obtenues par extraction des racines de plantes de garance et constituent le colorant appelé garance. Les trois questions principales abordées lors de ce travail de recherche sont formulées autour de l’utilisation de la garance : (I) Peut-on traiter les tissus de PET avec de la garance pour obtenir des propriétés multifonctionnelles ? (II) Quel est le profil environnemental du procédé de teinture du PET par la garance et comment l’améliorer ? (III) Quels sont les principaux challenges pour l’utilisation de l’ACV dans l’évaluation environnementale du traitement des textiles par des colorants naturels? Nous avons montré que la garance peut être utilisée pour conférer des propriétés multifonctionnelles au PET. Ensuite, nous avons pu orienter notre étude pour améliorer la durabilité des traitements par les procédés de fonctionnalisation à la fois par épuisement ou par foulardage. En s’appuyant sur l’ACV, l’optimisation de la teinture que nous avons réalisée réduit tous les impacts sur l’environnement. Cette étude nous permet d’identifier les challenges qui doivent être surmontés pour que l’ACV puisse contribuer à l’utilisation de bio-molécules pour la teinture des textiles dans le respect des principes de développement durable. Ils concernent le manque de données pour ces travaux de recherche et leur nature interdisciplinaire. Ainsi, en résolvant ces questions, on peut envisager aboutir à une bio- fonctionnalisation des textiles respectueuse de l’environnement.<br>Den höga miljöpåverkan från textilfärgning och efterbehandling, på grund av hög vattenförbrukning, dess förorening, och ineffektiv användning av energi, är idag välkänt. För att minska miljöpåverkan föreslår forskningsvärlden användning av färgämnen från naturliga resurser. Syftet med att använda dessa är att ge nya attribut till textilier utan att göra avkall på miljömässig hållbarhet. Attribut som ges kan vara färg och/eller andra egenskaper. En nackdel är dock att användningen av bio-baserade färgämnen är inte fri från att belasta miljön. Det blir därför av största betydelse att bedöma denna miljöpåverkan och förbättra miljöprofilen. Sådana studier är dock i allmänhet sällsynta. Studien som presenteras i denna avhandling har inkluderat miljöpåverkans- bedömning, med hjälp av livscykelanalys (LCA), i designprocessen av en multifunktionell polyester (PET) väv via naturliga antrakinoner. Genom att göra så har ett eko-design tillvägagångssätt använts, med avsikt att bana väg för miljömässigt hållbar bio-funktionalisering av textil. Antrakinonerna erhölls från rot extrakt av växten krapp (Rubia tinctorum L.), och hänvisas till som krapp färgämne. Frågeställningar var därför formulerade relaterat till användningen av krapp färgämne. Tre forskningsfrågor har besvarats: (I) Kan krapp färgämne verka multifunktionellt på en PET väv? (II) Hur ser miljöprofilen ut, från färgningsprocessen av PET med krapp färgämne, och hur kan den förbättras? (III) Vilka är de största utmaningarna med att använda LCA för att bedöma miljökonsekvenserna av textilfärgning med växtbaserade färgämnen? Det kan konkluderas att det finns potential för krapp färgämne att verka multifunktionellt på PET. Baserat på uppmuntrande resultat är en rekommendation för det framtida arbetet att fokusera på kvalitén hos de attribut som presenterats och deras förbättringspotential, både i färgning via färgbad och via foulard. LCA driven processoptimering av textilfärgningen förbättrade i varje miljöpåverkans- kategori som studerats. Emellertid har flera utmaningar identifierats som måste  övervinnas för att LCA skall kunna bidra till en hållbar användning av multifunktionella växtbaserade färgämnen för textil. De största utmaningarna är bristen på tillgängliga data i forskningsstadiet och den tvärvetenskapliga forskningsarenan. Det är tänkt att om dessa utmaningar bemästras kan LCA bidra till en hållbar bio-funktionalisering av textil.<br><p>Disputationen kan följas via länk i sal U401b, Textilhögskolan, Högskolan i Borås</p><br>Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctorate program: Sustainable Management and Design for Textiles

In today's world, more and more people pay attention to various aspects that can maintain and improve their health and quality of their life. So nowadays such interest in expanding the range of ecological knitwear for functional purposes produced using natural raw materials is increasing again. The structure and the proposed fueling data to develop an integrated knitted fabric, which is due to the use for the formation of a one coat of dual-layer fabric with hemp and nettle yarn can be used as a functional textile material for the underwear manufacturing with therapeutic and preventive action, including underwear for wounded soldiers during their treatment and rehabilitation. The designed structure is a two-layer fabric with the forged connections between layers in the main thread. In forging load canvas connectors are arranged in a checkerboard pattern. In the areas of connecting load the non-cross-cutting holes are formed. They provide ventilation and rapid water removal from under the clothes. The studies determined the impact of eco-type materials in integrated layers of a dual-layer fabric to replace the linear dimensional jersey, relaxation characteristics, level of capillarity and fluid change level in time.<br>В сучасному світі все більше людей приділяють увагу різноманітним аспектам, що можуть зберегти та покращити їхнє здоров’я та рівень життя. Тому в наш час знову підвищився інтерес до розширення асортименту екологічного трикотажу функціонального призначення, виготовленого з використанням натуральних видів сировини. Розроблено структуру й запропоновані заправні дані для вироблення інтегрованого трикотажного полотна, яке завдяки використанню для формування одного з шарів двошарового трикотажу конопляної чи кропив'яної пряжі може бути використане у якості функціонального текстильного матеріалу для виготовлення білизняних виробів лікувально-профілактичної дії, зокрема для натільної білизни поранених військовослужбовців у період їх лікування та реабілітації. Розроблена структура являє собою двошарове полотно з пресовим з'єднанням шарів основними нитками. У полотні з'єднувальні пресові накиди розташовані у шаховому порядку. В місцях формування з'єднувальних накидів утворюються ненаскрізні отвори, що забезпечують вентиляцію та швидке виведення пароподібної вологи з під одягового простору. У ході досліджень визначено характер впливу виду еко-сировини одного з шарів інтегрованого двошарового трикотажу на зміну лінійних розмірів трикотажу, релаксаційні характеристики, рівень капілярності та зміну рівня підняття рідини в часі його функціональних шарів.

Today, backpacks and duffel bags are often designed with a focus on a specific area of use, which makes it difficult to use them on other occasions. A clear example where the differences are noticeable is between functional mountaineer bags and urban bags. It is not uncommon for people staying in these environments to have far beyond two bags in their possession. Overconsumption is harmful to the environment, especially when it is from an industry that is pursued with poor working conditions and dangerous emissions in nature. Therefore, multifunctionality and sustainable design have been of high priority when the products in this project were developed. In this thesis, two models of bags have been developed through a human-centered design process. A large number of user interviews and expert interviews, as well as a focus group, laid the foundation for the requirements and needs of the bags. Spektrum’s company values, as well as the identity of their current products, were interpreted to create brand recognition in the new products. Idea generation was performed through various creative sessions, prototyping, and through a workshop. Evaluation and concept selection was performed by representatives from the target group in the form of personas, as well as by Spektrum. Finally, detailed technical drawings of the concepts were created in Adobe Illustrator. The first model is a backpack designed to work just as well on the mountain as in the city. The other model is a duffel bag that can be carried both on the back and in the hand. It is also designed to perform well in both mountain and urban environments. Both bags are made of polyester from recycled PET bottles and the material is controlled and approved by the highly rated environmental certification bluesign®. The metal parts of the bags are made of recycled aluminum. Both models are adjustable to fit all users within the 5th to 95th percentile. The thesis resulted in the ordering of two alpha prototypes of each model, factory-made by my technical drawings. According to Spektrum, the designs have created great interest among retailers and company shareholders. Both models will, therefore, be put into production and released to the market within two years.

This contribution will introduce carbon-reinforced concrete components (so-called carbon concrete composites, or C³) with sensor functionalities for innovative building envelopes. For a continuous in situ structural monitoring, these textile-reinforced concrete components are equipped with textile sensor networks consisting of resistive carbon fiber sensors (CFSs), which are integrated into the carbon fiber non-crimp fabrics of the concrete reinforcement by multiaxial warp-knitting. The in situ CFSs, consisting of 1 k or 50 k carbon fiber roving with added staple fiber/multifilament dielectric cladding, are later integral to the load-distributing elements of the concrete component, and elongations within these are easy to record with good correlation to ohmic resistance changes. Gage factors of k = 0.52–1.23 at linearity deviations of ALin=4.0–8.7% are feasible. This allows a monitoring of C³ building envelopes for structural mechanical changes caused by physical changes within the component through mechanical or thermal loads or deformation and cracks.

Composites have now revolutionized most industries, like aerospace, marine, electrical, transportation, and have proved to be a worthy alternative to other traditional materials. However for a further comprehensive usage, the tailorability of hybrid composites according to the specific application needs on a large-scale production basis is required. In this regard, one of the major fundamental research fields here involves a technology development based on the multiaxial warp-knitting technique for the production of bionic-inspired and application-specific textile preforms that are force compliant and exhibit multi-material design. This article presents a newly developed yarn (warp) path manipulation unit for multiaxial warp-knitting machines that enables a targeted production of customized textile preforms with the above characteristics. The technological development cycle and their experimental validation to demonstrate the feasibility of new technology through production of some patterns for different field of applications are then discussed.

This master's thesis addresses the processing of project documentation for construction of three storey, multifunctional house in Velké Opatovice. The building is designed on flat terrain, it is terrace graded to the east and south and has a warm flat roof. On the first floor there is a pharmacy, travel agency, textile shop and technical facilities of the building. On the second floor there is an office space for advertising and graphics company. The third floor is designed as a large-area apartment for a family of four.

博士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>分子科學與工程系有機高分子博士班<br>108<br>To date, the development of smart textiles, artificial skins, environmental sensory devices, and flexible/stretchable optoelectronics involve the innovation of material synthesis, mechanical design, and fabrication strategies have attracted considerable attention in wearable displays. The mechanically flexible and stretchable functions with cost-effective, facile, lightweight, and large-area expandability are essential modules to fabricate the optoelectronic devices in various wearable display applications. Among them, electrospinning is an easy, versatile, and inexpensive technique enables flexible morphology tuning, assembling various functional nanofibers, and high-throughput continuous production has motivated extensive studies on wearable electronics applications. Therefore, it is necessary to develop innovative projects including the environment-sensing elements with pH-sensing dependency, temperature-sensitive, full-color switchable chemosensors, stretchable electronics, and tactile sensors for various wearable electronics applications. The present PhD thesis can be categorized by four parts as below: 1. RGB-Switchable Porous Electrospun Nanofiber Chemoprobe-filter Prepared from Multifunctional Copolymers for Versatile Sensing of pH and Heavy Metals (Chapter 1): Novel red–green–blue (RGB) switchable probes based on fluorescent porous electrospun (ES) nanofibers exhibiting high sensitivity to pH and mercury ions (Hg2+) were prepared with poly(MMA-co-BNPTU-co-RhBAM)) by using a single-capillary spinneret. The MMA, BNPTU, and RhBAM moieties were designed to (i) permit formation of porous fibers, (ii) fluoresce for Hg2+ detection, and (iii) fluoresce for pH, respectively. The fluorescence emission of BNPTU (fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) donor) changed from green to blue as it detected Hg2+. The fluorescence emission of RhBAM (FRET acceptor) was highly selective for pH, changing from nonfluorescent (pH 7) to exhibiting strong red fluorescence (pH 2). The full-color emission of the ES nanofibers included green, red, blue, purple, and white depending on the particular pH and Hg2+-concentration combination of the solution. The porous ES nanofibers with 30-nm pores were fabricated using hydrophobic MMA, low-boiling-point solvent, and at a high relative humidity (80%). These porous ES nanofibers had a higher surface-to-volume ratio than did the corresponding thin films, which enhanced their performance. 2. Novel Magnet and Thermoresponsive Chemosensory Electrospinning Fluorescent Nanofibers and Their Sensing Capability for Metal Ions (Chapter 2): Novel multifunctional switchable chemosensors based on fluorescent electrospun (ES) nanofibers with sensitivity toward magnetism, temperature, and mercury ions (Hg2+) were prepared using blends of poly(NIPAAm-co-NMA-co-AA), the fluorescent probe (BNPTU), and magnetite nanoparticles (NPs), and a single-capillary spinneret. The moieties of N-isopropylacrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide, acrylic acid, BNPTU, and Iron oxide (Fe3O4) NPs were designed to provide thermoresponsiveness, chemical cross-linking, Fe3O4 NPs dispersion, Hg2+ sensing, and magnetism, respectively. The prepared nanofibers exhibited ultrasensitivity to Hg2+ (as low as 10−3 M) because of an 80-nm blueshift of the emission maximum (from green to blue) and 1.6-fold enhancement of the emission intensity, as well as substantial volume (or hydrophilic to hydrophobic) changes between 30 and 60 °C, attributed to the low critical solution temperature of the thermoresponsive N-isopropylacrylamide moiety. Such temperature-dependent variations in the presence of Hg2+ engendered distinct on–off switching of photoluminescence. The magnetic ES nanofibers can be collected using a magnet rather than being extracted through alternative methods. 3. Mechanically Robust Silver Nanowire–Polydimethylsiloxane Electrode Based on Facile Transfer Printing Techniques for Wearable Displays (Chapter 3): Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks have attracted considerable attention as transparent electrodes for emerging flexible optoelectronics. However, transference of such networks onto diverse arbitrary substrates with high conductivity remains a challenge because of the possibility of detaching and sliding occurring at the interface. Therefore, we developed a water-assisted transfer printing method for fabrication and transfer of an AgNW–polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) electrode. The innovative approach exhibits a robust ability for thin film transfer onto arbitrary substrates and has highly controlled and nondestructive characteristics. The obtained electrodes exhibited high conductivity (9 Ω/sq, 82% at 550 nm, σDC/σOp ≈ 200), tensile strain (0% to 50%), and flexibility (bending radius of less than 2 mm) without significant loss of conductivity compared with devices fabricated through conventional methods. Furthermore, we demonstrated novel textile-based flexible light-emitting electrochemical cell (PLECs) based on the stretchable AgNW-PDMS electrode and buckling concept, thereby realizing highly stretchable PLECs with excellent performance and mechanical robustness. The strained device luminance intensity was optimized to 58 cd m-2 at 7 V under 10% linear strain without damaging the electroluminescent properties. Notably, this effective and practical transfer method provides an approach for developing electronic nanowire devices with unique configurations and high performance. 4. Mechanically Robust and Ultra-Sensitive Skin-Inspired Nanofiber-based Resistive Pressure Sensor Based on Fibrous Interlocked Microstructures (Chapter 4): To date, most of the skin-like pressure sensors largely depend on traditional lithography technique to fabricate the microstructures, limiting their wide practical applications due to the high-cost process and the redundant fabrication procedure. Herein, we present a cost-effective, lithographic-free, and large-area expandability to fabricate skin-inspired resistant-type pressure sensors with ultra-performance and lightweight based on fibrous interlocked-microstructures (FIM). The unique sandwich-structured conducting nanofiber (ESSCN) configuration is composed of poly(styrene-block-ethylene-ran-butylene-block-styrene) (SEBS) natural rubber and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), whereas the dielectric SEBS nanofiber is employed as the middle layer, sandwiched by two SEBS/AgNPs electrodes at top and bottom for packaging. The FIM endows the obtained pressure sensors show superior performance, including ultra-high sensitivity of 71.07 kPa-1 in a low-pressure regime (<0.06 kPa), rapid response time (<2 ms), highly reproducible stability (>100 cycles), mechanical stimuli sensing (pressure, strain, and curvature). As a proof-of-concept demonstration, the sensors have been used for integration with RGB-LED wristband and garments, monitoring human physiological signals, and detect spatial pressure distribution, thereby endowing our ESSCN has broader potential applications in versatile electronic skin and human machine interfaces. In summary, based on electrospinning, spraying coating, transfer printing technology, we successful prepared the ultra-sensitivity and full-color switchable functions smart textiles (part one), multifunctional magnetic and fluorescence chemosensor (part two), facile, inexpensive, and chemical free transfer printing technology (part three), skin-inspired resistive pressure sensors (part four). The present study demonstrated that full-color switchable and pH-sensing dependency chemosensors, temperature-sensitive and magnetic chemosensors, chemical free transfer printing technology, skin-inspired resistive pressure sensors have potential for diverse applications, such as water purification, sensing filters, environment-sensing devices, multifunctional smart textiles, wearable electronics, tactile sensors, and artificial skins.

碩士<br>崑山科技大學<br>機械工程研究所<br>104<br>Despite how important 3C products are in people's daily life, wearing cloths and shoes is still more essential than having an iPhone. No individual can live without apparel and footwear, and Taiwanese textile manufacturers continue to lead the market and contribute greatly to Taiwan's economy. Comparing to IT industry that had a high growth rate and public awareness, textile industry seems to be declining and struggling. However, this so-called sunset industry, which was not encouraged by government policy or its people, did not fall into the darkness. Instead, textile that made in Taiwan brings performance and lifestyle into premium athletic world and captured over 50% of the sportswear market. Junmay started the business with woven labels, a tiny piece of jacquard fabric that nevertheless is on almost every products in one’s daily life such as clothes, accessories and shoes and shows the most critical information of the product- its brand. After 35 years of specializing in jacquard woven technology, Junmay expanded its capabilities from a small woven labels to multi-purpose jacquard woven textile. Furthermore, Junmay has been investing heavily in R&D and finest machineries, becoming the first mover of one-piece engineered upper that greatly simplified the manufacturing process for footwear. Combining R&D with worldwide production facilities, Junmay is now a long-term partner with many premium brands and collaborates closely with their developers and designers for most innovative materials and technology, such as 3D weaving, high-abrasion jacquard, and functional textile like antibacterial and water repellent. By providing customized solutions to brands, Junmay pursuits for value-added and sustainable products to customers, suppliers, as well as to the society.

博士<br>亞洲大學<br>數位媒體設計學系<br>102<br>Energy, environmental protection and climate change are the major topics of industry development and production research. The trends of energy saving and carbon reduction have grown up, and the green products are gradually to be emphasized. Among the various green products, solar cell ands LED lighting are two kinds of successful product through many years of utilization and promotion. Also, the improvement and development of solar cell and LED lighting technology and product have been advanced and diversified, and the territories of application are being expanded. The modified innovative product design and development method has been developed and used for a design work of innovative and multifunctional jackets with optoelectronic technologies in a previous study. There were six items of key design themes were found out, including practicality, aesthetics, portability, washability, multifunction and composability. In this study, a design strategy and solution was proposed and a multifunctional jacket with optoelectronic function was completed. Finally, a survey with questionnaire was executed and analyzed for evaluation and verification of the design achievement. According to the consequence of data analysis, the performances of a new innovative and multifunctional jacket of this study are better than those of a traditional jacket.