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1
Cheuk, Kin-Wai. "Island multicast : the combination of IP-multicast with application-level multicast /". View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?COMP%202004%20CHEUK.
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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 34-37). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
2
Boissière, Guillaume 1974. "Personalized multicast". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61100.
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3
Persson, Erold. "Multicast Time Distribution". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2274.
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The Swedish National Testing and Research Institute is maintaining the Swedish realization of the world time scale UTC, called UTC(SP). One area of research and development for The Swedish National Laboratory of Time and Frequency is time synchronization and how UTC(SP) can be distributed in Sweden. Dissemination of time information by SP is in Sweden mainly performed via Internet using the Network Time Protocol (NTP) as well as via a modem dial up service and a speaking clock (Fröken Ur). In addition to these services, time information from the Global Positioning System (GPS) and from the long-wave transmitter DCF77 in Germany, is also available in Sweden.
This master’s thesis considers how different available commercial communication systems could be used for multicast time distribution. DECT, Bluetooth, Mobile Telecommunication and Radio Broadcasting are different techniques that are investigated. One application of Radio Broadcasting, DARC, was found to be interesting for a more detailed study. A theoretical description of how DARC could be used for national time distribution is accomplished and a practical implementation of a test system is developed to evaluate the possibilities to use DARC for multicast time distribution.
The tests of DARC and the radio broadcast system showed that these could be interesting techniques to distribute time with an accuracy of a couple of milliseconds. This quality level is not obtained today but would be possible with some alterations of the system.
4
Cai, Qingbo. "Layered Multicast Scheduling". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1205436479.
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5
Yiu, Wai-Pun. "Secure overlay multicast /". View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?COMP%202004%20YIU.
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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-77). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
6
Procházka, Tomáš. "Modelování protokolu PIM-SM v prostředí OMNeT++". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236166.
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In this master's thesis I deal with modelling and simulating of multicast routing protocol PIM Sparse Mode in OMNeT++. I also describe basic information about multicast, protocol PIM-SM, its configuration and multicast data streams visualization in computer networks. The thesis is especially focused on design and implementation of PIM-SM in OMNeT++ and extension of ANSAINET library.
7
Schier, Thomas. "IP-Multicast im Campusnetz". Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2000. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200000359.
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Gemeinsamer Workshop von Universitaetsrechenzentrum und
Professur Rechnernetze und verteilte Systeme (Fakultaet fuer
Informatik) der TU Chemnitz.
Workshop-Thema: Infrastruktur der ¨Digitalen Universitaet¨
Der Vortrag gibt einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand (April 2000)
von IP-Multicast im Campusnetz und die MBONE-Anbindung der TU Chemnitz.
8
Onal, Kerem. "Internet Multicast Congestion Control". Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604726/index.pdf.
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Congestion control is among the fundamental problems of Internet multicast. It is an active research area with many challenges. In this study, an introduction to Internet congestion control and a brief literature survey of current multicast congestion control protocols is presented. Then two recently proposed &ldquosingle-rate, end-to-end, rate based&rdquo
class of protocols, namely LESBCC and TFMCC are evaluated with respect to their intersession fairness (TCP-friendliness), smoothness and responsiveness criteria. Throughout the experiments, which are conducted using a widely accepted network simulation tool &lsquo
ns&rsquo
, different topologies have been employed.
9
Roumani, Ali Mohamad. "QoS-based multicast routing". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0034/MQ52943.pdf.
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10
Kullberg, Elis, i Hannes Junnila. "IPv6 multicast home proxy". Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-91104.
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The Internet is becoming increasingly fragmented, leading to a more heterogeneous end-user experience depending on the user's network location (i.e., point of attachment to the network). This is a consequence of several ongoing changes of the Internet. Different regions of the world are in different phases of their rollout of IPv6, making intercommunication increasingly challenging. Copyright legislation has caught up with ICT technology, but differences in licensing agreements may very from nation to nation which often hinders content being accessed beyond borders. Finally, several high-profile government attempts have been made to enforce stringent censorship of data. Therefore, we believe that a demand exists for simple consumer-oriented technologies for proxying and tunneling data between separate regions of the Internet. Furthermore, we believe that this demand will increase dramatically during the coming years. A key success factor for this next generation of proxies will be the ability to handle multicast IPv6 packets, as these packets represent the most probable distribution method for IPTV in the future. This thesis examines the challenges presented by IPv6 multicast-routing in the context of constructing a proxy. It also presents a best-practice solution to the problem of designing, implementing, and utilizing such a proxy. The thesis also contains a review of current IPv6 multicast routing technology. Several implementations are benchmarked against each other, with the goal of building a prototype for a consumer-oriented IPv6 multicast proxy. The prototype is presented and was tested. These tests demonstrate the functionality of the prototype proxy and reveal areas where the prototype could be improved. Finally a possible capitalization strategy is suggested.Internet utvecklas mot att bli mer fragmenterat. Detta leder till en heterogen användarupplevelse beroende på uppkopplingspunkt. Utvecklingen är en konsekvens av flera pågående trender. Världens olika regioner ligger i ofas i utbyggnaden av IPv6 vilket medför nya tekniska utmaningar. Samtidigt har upphovsrättslagstiftningen hunnit ikapp teknikutvecklingen, så att länder med olika licensieringsmodeller inte kan dela innehåll. Slutligen försöker flera länder aktivt censurera datatrafik. Som konsekvens av detta ökar behovet för enkla konsumentorienterade metoder för att knyta ihop olika delar av Internet, så att åtkomst till data garanteras oavsett uppkopplingspunkt. Därmed förutspår vi att efterfrågan på produkter baserade på sofistikerad tunnelteknik kommer öka under de kommande åren. Denna rapport undersöker de utmaningar IPv6 multicast routing medför i samband med byggandet av en IPv6 multicast proxy. Rapporten presenterar en grundlig teoretisk genomgång av tekniken bakom IPv6 multicast routing. Vidare föreslås ett optimalt tillvägagångssätt för att designa, bygga och använda en sådan proxy. Flera existerande tekniker för multicast forwarding utvärderas och jämförs. Utifrån utvärderingen byggdes tre implementeringar av en IPv6 multicast proxy. Därefter analyseras dessa, tillsammans med förslag för fortsatta studier. Slutligen presenteras en möjlig kapitaliseringsstrategi för tekniken.
11
Jawhar, Shadi. "Multicast over optical networks". Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S051.
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Optical networks had been an important area of improvement in terms of its deployment as a core of the backbone of the international communication network. Fiber optics show a big evolution in terms of link capacity and speed compared to any other type of cables. Moreover, multicasting over IP networks had matured in the past years and this was because of the reduction in traffic which resulted when multiple clients requested to receive the same information from the same source. To support multicasting in optical networks, optical nodes have to branch one incoming light wave to more than one output port. Optical nodes must be equipped with light splitters that split one light wave to more than one output. Due to its complex design, a light splitter is very expensive equipment, thus, equipping all optical nodes with splitters will increase the cost of the optical network setup. This leads to a consensus that not all optical nodes on the network will possess this splitting capability. This document is divided into three main parts. In the first part, a brief description of multicast routing and optical networks is given respectively. Then an introduction of multicasting over optical networks is given. The main issue is that not all nodes in the network are multicast capable. The second part provides propositions to resolve network design faces of this main issue. This part studies the optimal density, placement and capabilities of those splitters in the network. Each of these propositions is simulated to evaluate its performance and criticize its efficiency. The last part of this document, describes a new signaling mechanism that modify the process of generating the multicast trees because of the light splitting limitation. This rerouting signaling mechanism depends on the number of the light splitters compared to the size of the network. At the end, conclusions for all the work done in the three parts are summarized, and a prospective is given. Next steps are identified to benefit of work done in real network design and developmentLes réseaux optiques sont un domaine important de développement en termes de déploiement comme coeur de la dorsale du réseau de communication international. Les fibres optiques montrent une rapide évolution en termes de capacité et de vitesse de lien comparées à n'importe quel autre type de supports. Par ailleurs, le multicast sur réseaux IP a mûri ces dernières années. Il en résulte une grande réduction de trafic lorsque plusieurs clients demandent de recevoir la même information de la même source. Pour permettre le multicast dans les réseaux optiques, les noeuds optiques doivent diviser une onde lumineuse entrante et la commuter vers plusieurs ports de sortie. Les noeuds optiques doivent être équipés des répartiteurs de lumière ("light splitters") qui splitent une onde lumineuse vers plus d'une sortie. En raison de sa conception complexe, un répartiteur de lumière est un équipement très coûteux, de ce fait, équiper tous les noeuds optiques de répartiteurs peut augmenter inconsidérément le coût d'installation du réseau optique. Ceci mène à un consensus : tous les noeuds optiques du réseau ne sont pas capables de spliter la lumière. Le document est divisé en trois parties principales. Dans la première partie, une description du routage multicast et des réseaux optiques sont données successivement. Ensuite, nous introduisons le multicast sur les réseaux optiques. Le problème général est que tous les noeuds optiques dans le réseau ne sont pas capables de spliter. La deuxième partie propose plusieurs solutions pour résoudre ce problème général. Cette partie étudie la densité, le placement et les capacités de ces répartiteurs optiques dans le réseau. Chacune de ces solutions est simulée pour évaluer ses performances et pour analyser son efficacité. La dernière partie décrit un nouveau mécanisme de signalisation qui modifie le processus de construction d'un arbre multicast en raison de l'absence (ou la présence) d'un répartiteur optique dans les noeuds du réseau optique chargés de supporter l'arbre optique. Ce mécanisme de signalisation par reroutage dépend du nombre de répartiteurs de lumière comparé à la taille du réseau. En conclusion, le travail effectué dans les trois parties est récapitulé et une prospective est donnée. De prochaines étapes sont identifiées pour pleinement bénéficier de notre travail fait dans la conception et développement des futurs réseaux optiques
12
Moulierac, Joanna. "Agrégation des communications multicast". Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S151.
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L'agrégation d'arbres multicast est une proposition qui permet d'envisager le passage à l'échelle des communications de groupes sur l'Internet dites communications multicast. Cette proposition permet pour plusieurs groupes d'utiliser un seul arbre de communication, alors qu'en multicast traditionnel, pour chaque groupe, un arbre est maintenu. Ainsi, le nombre total d'arbres dans le réseau est réduit et avec lui le nombre d'entrées de routage multicast. Dans un premier temps, nous proposons un protocole d'agrégation STA qui réalise une agrégation très rapide en évaluant peu d'arbres pour chaque nouveau groupe. Ensuite, le protocole QSTA agrège des groupes sous contraintes de bande-passante. Le protocole DMTA est un protocole d'agrégation distribuée avec un nombre réduit de messages de contrôle entre les entités d'agrégation. Finalement, le protocole TALD réalise l'agrégation des groupes dans des domaines de très grande taille où les protocoles actuels d'agrégation ne sont pas efficaces.
13
Moulierac, Joanna Rubino Gerardo. "Agrégation des communications multicast". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2006/moulierac.pdf.
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14
Shrinivas, V. Prasanna. "Pricing Multicast Network Services". Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2001. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/270.
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Multicast has long been considered an attractive service for the Internet for the provision of multiparty applications. For over a decade now multicast has been a proposed IETF standard. Though there is a strong industry push towards deploying multicast, there has been little multicast deployment by commercial Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and more importantly most end-users still lack multicast capabilities. Depending on the underlying network infrastructure, the ISP has several options of implementing his multicast capabilities. With significantly faster and more sophisticated protocols being designed and prototyped, it is expected that a whole new gamut of applications that are delay sensitive will come into being. However, the incentives to resolve the conflicting interests of the ISPs and the end-users have to be provided for successful implementation of these protocols. Thus we arrive at the following economic questions: What is the strategy that will enable the ISP recover his costs ? How can the end-user be made aware of the cost of his actions ? Naturally, the strategies of the ISP and the end-user depend on each other and form an economic game. The research problems addressed in this thesis are:
A pricing model that is independent of the underlying transmission protocols is prefered. We have proposed such a pricing scheme for multicast independent of the underlying protocols, by introducing the concept of pricing points* These pricing points provide a range of prices that the users can expect during a particular time period and tune their usage accordingly. Our pricing scheme makes both the sender and receiver accountable. Our scheme also provides for catering to heterogeneous users and gives incentive for differential pricing.
We explore a number of formulations of resource allocation problems arising in communication networks as optimization models. Optimization-based methods were only employed for unicast congestion control. We have extended this method for single rate multicast. We have also devised an optimization-based approach for multicast congestion control that finds an allocation rate to maximize the social welfare. Finally we also show that the session-splitting problem can also be cast as an optimization problem.
The commonly used "max-min" fairness criteria suffers from serious limitations like discriminating sessions that traverse large number of links and poor network utilization. We provide an allocation scheme that reduces discrimination towards multicast sessions that traverse many links and also improves network utilization.
15
Shrinivas, V. Prasanna. "Pricing Multicast Network Services". Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/270.
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Multicast has long been considered an attractive service for the Internet for the provision of multiparty applications. For over a decade now multicast has been a proposed IETF standard. Though there is a strong industry push towards deploying multicast, there has been little multicast deployment by commercial Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and more importantly most end-users still lack multicast capabilities. Depending on the underlying network infrastructure, the ISP has several options of implementing his multicast capabilities. With significantly faster and more sophisticated protocols being designed and prototyped, it is expected that a whole new gamut of applications that are delay sensitive will come into being. However, the incentives to resolve the conflicting interests of the ISPs and the end-users have to be provided for successful implementation of these protocols. Thus we arrive at the following economic questions: What is the strategy that will enable the ISP recover his costs ? How can the end-user be made aware of the cost of his actions ? Naturally, the strategies of the ISP and the end-user depend on each other and form an economic game. The research problems addressed in this thesis are:
A pricing model that is independent of the underlying transmission protocols is prefered. We have proposed such a pricing scheme for multicast independent of the underlying protocols, by introducing the concept of pricing points* These pricing points provide a range of prices that the users can expect during a particular time period and tune their usage accordingly. Our pricing scheme makes both the sender and receiver accountable. Our scheme also provides for catering to heterogeneous users and gives incentive for differential pricing.
We explore a number of formulations of resource allocation problems arising in communication networks as optimization models. Optimization-based methods were only employed for unicast congestion control. We have extended this method for single rate multicast. We have also devised an optimization-based approach for multicast congestion control that finds an allocation rate to maximize the social welfare. Finally we also show that the session-splitting problem can also be cast as an optimization problem.
The commonly used "max-min" fairness criteria suffers from serious limitations like discriminating sessions that traverse large number of links and poor network utilization. We provide an allocation scheme that reduces discrimination towards multicast sessions that traverse many links and also improves network utilization.
16
ANAND, KUMAR. "A SCALABLE EXPLICIT MULTICAST PROTOCOL FOR MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1099354888.
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17
Boinpalli, Vamshi Krishna. "A Robust Wireless Multicast Protocol". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1121356426.
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18
Wagh, Prasad J. "DiffServ overlay multicast for videoconferencing". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4301.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (January 10 , 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
19
Blundell, Nick. "Voice over application-level multicast". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435872.
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20
Hughes, Frank Lawrence Kingsman. "Multicast communications in distributed systems". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2007.
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One of the numerous results of recent developments in communication networks and distributed systems has been an increased interest in the study of applications and protocolsfor communications between multiple, as opposed to single, entities such as processes and computers. For example, in replicated file storage, a process attempts to store a file on several file servers, rather than one. MUltiple entity communications, which allow one-to-many and many-to-one communications, are known as multicast communications. This thesis examines some of the ways in which the architectures of computer networks and distributed systems can affect the design and development of multicast communication applications and protocols. To assist in this examination, the thesis presents three contributions. First, a set of classification schemes are developed for use in the description and analysis of various multicast communication strategies. Second, a general set of multicast communication primitives are presented, unrelated to any specific network or distributed system, yet efficiently implementable on a variety of networks. Third, the primitives are used to obtain experimental results for a study ofintranetwork and internetwork multicast communications.
21
Li, Fulu 1970. "Cooperative multicast in wireless networks". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32507.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-106).
Wireless communication has fundamental impairments due to multi-path fading, attenuation, reflections, obstructions, and noise. More importantly, it has historically been designed to mimic a physical wire; in concept other communicators in the same region are viewed as crossed wires. Many systems overcome these limitations by either speaking more loudly, or subdividing the space to mimic the effect of a separate wire between each pair. This thesis will construct and test the value of a cooperative system where the routing and transmission are done together by using several of the radios in the space to help, rather than interfere. The novel element is wireless, cooperative multicast that could be the basis for a new broadcast distribution paradigm. In the first part of the thesis,. we investigate efficient ways to construct multicast trees by exploring cooperation among local radio nodes to increase throughput and conserve energy (or battery power), whereby we assume single transmitting node is engaged in a one-to-one or one-to-many transmission. In the second part of the thesis, we further investigate transmit diversity in the general context of cooperative routing, whereby multiple nodes are allowed for cooperative transmissions. Essentially, the techniques presented in the second part of the thesis can be further incorporated in the construction of multicast trees presented in the first part.
by Fulu Li.
S.M.
22
Andrade, Romerito Campos de. "Multicast packing problem: abordagem multiobjetivo". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18078.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:48:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
RomeritoCA_DISSERT.pdf: 1649773 bytes, checksum: 9a9fd0e3782657fe6d014020cdc8fb90 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2013-02-01Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
This work presents a algorithmic study of Multicast Packing Problem considering a multiobjective approach. The first step realized was an extensive review about the problem. This review serverd as a reference point for the definition of the multiobjective mathematical model. Then, the instances used in the experimentation process were defined, this instances were created based on the main caracteristics from literature. Since both mathematical model and the instances were definined, then several algoritms were created. The algorithms were based on the classical approaches to multiobjective optimization: NSGA2 (3 versions), SPEA2 (3 versions). In addition, the GRASP procedures were adapted to work with multiples objectives, two vesions were created. These algorithms were composed by three recombination operators(C1, C2 e C3), two operator for build solution, a mutation operator and a local search procedure. Finally, a long experimentation process was performed. This process has three stages: the first consisted of adjusting the parameters; the second was perfomed to indentify the best version for each algorithm. After, the best versions for each algorithm were compared in order to identify the best algorithm among all. The algorithms were evaluated based on quality indicators and Hypervolume Multiplicative Epsilon
O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo algor?tmico do Multicast Packing Problem levando em considera??o uma abordagem multiobjetivo. Para tal, faz-se uma extensa revis?o sobre o problema em quest?o. Esta revis?o serviu como ponto de refer?ncia para defini??o de um modelo matem?tico multiobjetivo, tendo em vista que n?o h? na literatura nenhum trabalho que tenha tratado o tema neste aspecto. Em seguida, define-se os casos de teste utilizados no processo de experimenta??o dos algoritmos. Uma vez que tanto modelo matem?tico multiobjetivo quanto os casos de teste foram criados, ent?o desenvolve-se v?rios algoritmos com base nas abordagens cl?ssicas para problemas de otimiza??o multiobjetivo: NSGA2 (3 vers?es) e SPEA2 (3 vers?es). Al?m disso, adaptou-se a metaheur?stica GRASP (2 vers?es) para aplica??o considerando o modelo proposto. Estes algoritmos foram compostos por tr?s operadores de recombina??o (C1, C2, C3), dois operadores de constru??o de solu??o, um operador de muta??o e um operador de busca local. Por fim, um extenso processo de experimenta??o dos algoritmos ? realizado. Este processo possui tr?s etapas: a primeira etapa consistiu de ajustar os par?metros que cada algoritmo necessita, neste caso o ajuste de par?metro foi realizado para todas as vers?es do SPEA2, NSGA2 e GRASP; A segunda etapa consistiu de verificar, para cada algoritmo, qual a melhor vers?o. Por fim, as melhores vers?es de cada algoritmo, no total 3 vers?es, foram comparadas entre si visando identificar qual o melhor algoritmo dentre todos. Os algoritmos foram avaliados com base nos indicadores de qualidade Hypervolume e Epsilon Multiplicativo. Os resultados dos experimentos foram avaliados atrav?s de testes estat?sticos n?o-param?tricos (teste de Mann-Whitney e teste de Friedman). A avalia??o dos resultados foi favor?ravel ao NSGA2-C2 segundo a metodologia de avalia??o utilizada
23
Amaral, António Manuel Nunes Carvalho. "Encaminhamento multicast em redes IP". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/1888.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e TelecomunicaçõesActualmente a maioria das aplicações que usam Internet baseiam-se no modelo de comunicação ponto-a-ponto. No entanto, os recentes avanços tecnológicos e o aparecimento de aplicações cada vez mais sofisticadas fizeram surgir a necessidade de transmitir informações para grupos de participantes (comunicações ponto-multiponto e multiponto-multiponto), como por exemplo, áudio e vídeo conferência para encontros remotos, programas de entretenimento, entre muitos outros. Por outro lado, a evolução da Internet, actualmente baseada no protocolo IPv4, para o protocolo IPv6, deverá ser feita de uma forma progressiva recorrendo a mecanismos de transição e as comunicações multicast terão que ter em consideração este factor. O IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) definiu dois modelos de transmissão multicast. Inicialmente foi definido o modelo ASM (Any Source Multicast) e mais recentemente, o modelo SSM (Source Specific Multicast). Actualmente existem soluções protocolares que permitem garantir as comunicações multicast em redes IPv4 e em redes IPv6, usando os dois modelos, mas poucas soluções existem que permitam garantir as comunicações multicast em redes mistas IPv4/IPv6. Do ponto de vista de gestão do encaminhamento, a Internet encontra-se dividida em Sistemas Autónomos (SAs). De entre os vários protocolos de encaminhamento multicast, a família de protocolos PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast) é, actualmente, a mais utilizada pois permite resolver as questões do encaminhamento multicast dentro de um Sistema Autónomo (encaminhamento intra-domínio) e, em alguns casos, entre diferentes Sistemas Autónomos (encaminhamento inter-domínio). Esta dissertação aborda o problema de como providenciar comunicações multicast em redes IPv4, em redes IPv6 e em redes mistas IPv4/IPv6. Na primeira parte, é abordado o endereçamento IP multicast bem como o problema da atribuição e divulgação de endereços. Na segunda parte, são descritos os protocolos IGMP e MLD de adesão a sessões multicast e apresentados cenários práticos que validam os protocolos estudados. Na terceira parte, é abordado o funcionamento dos protocolos de encaminhamento multicast da família de protocolos PIM e apresentados cenários práticos de encaminhamento multicast intra-domínio. Na última parte, são descritos mecanismos de transição e apresentados cenários práticos que permitem comunicações multicast em redes mistas IPv4/IPv6 e finalmente, são estudados os problemas e soluções existentes para o encaminhamento multicast inter-domínio. ABSTRACT: Presently most applications used in the Internet, are based on point-to-point communications. However, the recent technological advances and new sophisticated applications are causing an increasing need to transmit information to groups of participants (multicast communications), such us audio and video conferences used for remote meetings, entertainment programs, etc… Moreover, it is known that the evolution of the current Internet, based on IPv4 protocol, to the future IPv6 Internet will be based on transition scenarios, and multicast should consider this fact. Two models have been proposed by the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) for multicast communications. The first one is ASM (Any Source Multicast) model and second one, more recently proposed, is the SSM (Source Specific Model) model. Presently, many solutions exist to support multicast on IPv4 only networks and IPv6 only networks using each of the two models. However, there are not many solutions to support multicast on mix IPv4/IPv6 networks. In the point of view of routing management, the Internet is composed by different Autonomous Systems, each one administrated by an individual network operator. From all available multicast routing protocols, the PIM family of protocols is by far the most used one since it solves the multicast routing problems inside an Autonomous System (intra-domain multicast routing) and also in some cases between different Autonomous System (inter-domain multicast routing). This dissertation addresses the issue of how to provide the support of multicast communications in IPv4 networks, IPv6 networks and mixing IPv4/IPv6 scenarios. First, it analyses multicast IP addressing issues like types and formats, how they are assigned and how they are announced. Next, the IGMP and MLD protocols are described together with a set of laboratory experiments validating how they work. Then, the PIM family of multicast routing protocols is described together with a set of intra-domain laboratory experiments used to validate these protocols. In the last part, a study of available IETF transition mechanisms and a set laboratory scenarios is presented to validate solutions that allows multicast communications in mix IPv4/IPv6 networks and, finally, a study of multicast inter-domain routing issues and available solutions finishes this work.
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Videira, António Germano Paiva. "Difusão e multicast em UMTS". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/1936.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e TelecomunicaçõesDesde os primórdios da existência humana que existe a necessidade de comunicar. O ser humano desde então tem procurado meios de comunicação mais rápidos e eficientes. A eficácia da comunicação bem como a partilha de conteúdos quando vários clientes requerem a mesma informação no mesmo instante de tempo constituem o tema central deste trabalho, permitindo utilizar os recursos de rede dos operadores móveis de uma forma muito mais optimizada. Actualmente as redes UMTS usam a transmissão em modo unicast que não é uma solução escalável para a distribuição de conteúdos em tempo real, distribuídos em massa, como é o caso da Mobile TV. A release 6 da norma UMTS introduziu pela primeira vez capacidades de difusão e multicast nas redes móveis através do serviço MBMS. Com isto podemos ter aplicações que permitem às redes móveis disponibilizar serviços do tipo multicast e broadcast nos telemóveis que são considerados por muitos como as killer applications que há muito se procura, podendo contribuir para o aumento da receita por utilizador dos operadores. Este trabalho começa com a apresentação do estado da arte das comunicações móveis seguido da apresentação de uma plataforma de distribuição de conteúdos que vai ser evoluída na sua arquitectura e funcionalidades. O principal objectivo é a especificação de um BM-SC e fazer um estudo aprofundado do MBMS. Com vista à validação e avaliação dos conhecimentos foi contruido um demostrador com especial enfoque para o protocolo entre o BM-SC e os distribuidores de conteúdos. No final, como conclusão, são apontadas as direcções possíveis para a evolução do BM-SC. ABSTRACT: Right from the beginnings of human existence, there has always been a human need to communicate. Since then, humans have found the means of communicating more directly and efficiently. Nowadays, clients also make much better use of the resources at their disposal by being able to share the same information at the same time and this is the focus of this research project. At the moment, UMTS networks transmit via the Unicast mode which is not a viable solution to send contents in real time, as is the case with Mobile TV. For the first time, the UTMS release 6 makes it possible to broadcast and multicast in mobile networks through the MBMS service. MBMS provides us with an application that allows mobile networks to get multicast services via their mobile phones. Many consider these to be the so-called ‘killer applications’ that have been long awaited because they are able to increase the operator’s average revenue per user. This work begins with a presentation of state-of-the-art mobile telecommunications followed by a brief introduction to a platform of content distribution which is going to be further developed and enhanced both in terms of its structure and its functions. The main objective of this work is first to specify and then build a BM-SC and then to carry out some more profound research into MBMS. With the aim of validating and evaluating this knowledge, a demonstration model has been built in order to highlight the specifications of the BM-SC and the content distributors. At the end and to conclude this study, we will provide some pointers to show how we believe the BM-SC will develop and in which directions it will progress.
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Pinho, Luís André Silva Cruz. "Next generation multimedia multicast services". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/8813.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e TelecomunicaçõesUma das mais recentes conquistas na evolução móvel foi o 3G, permitindo o acesso a serviços multimédia com qualidade de serviço assegurada. No entanto, a tecnologia UMTS, tal como definida na sua Release ’99, é apenas capaz de transmitir em modo unicast, sendo manifestamente ineficiente para comunicações multimédia almejando grupos de utilizadores. A tecnologia IMS surge na Release 5 do 3GPP que começou a responder já a algumas necessidades, permitindo comunicações sobre IP oferecendo serviços Internet a qualquer momento e em qualquer lugar sobre tecnologias de comunicação móveis fornecendo pela primeira vez sessões multimédia satisfatórias. A Release 6 por sua vez trouxe a tecnologia MBMS que permite transmissões em broadcast e multicast para redes móveis. O MBMS fornece os serviços de aplicações multimédia que todos estavam à espera, tanto para os utilizadores como para os prestadores de serviços. O operador pode agora fazer uso da tecnologia existente aumentando todo o tipo de benefícios no serviço prestado ao cliente. Com a possível integração destas duas tecnologias passa a ser possível desenvolver serviços assentes em redes convergentes em que os conteúdos são entregues usando tecnologias unicast, multicast ou broadcast. Neste contexto, o principal motivo deste trabalho consiste essencialmente em fazer uso dos recursos da rede terminando com o desperdício dos mesmos e aumentando a eficiência dos serviços através da integração das tecnologias IMS e MBMS. O trabalho realizado começa com o estudo do estado da arte das telecomunicações móveis com referência às tecnologias referidas, seguindo-se a apresentação da possível integração IMS-MBMS e terminando com o projecto de uma plataforma de demonstração que no futuro possa ser uma implementação de serviço multimédia multicast. O objectivo principal é mostrar os benefícios de um serviço que era normalmente executado em unicast relativamente ao modo multicast, fazendo uso da nova convergência de tecnologias IMS e MBMS. Na conclusão do trabalho são referidas as vantagens do uso de portadoras multicast e broadcast, tendo como perspectiva de que este trabalho possa ser um ponto de partida para um novo conjunto de serviços poupando recursos de rede e permitindo uma eficiência considerável em serviços inovadores.
3G is bang up to date in the mobile phone industry. It allows access to multimedia services and gives a guarantee of quality of service. The UMTS technology, defined in 3GPP Release ’99, provides an unicast transmission, but it is completely inefficient when it comes to multimedia group communications. The IMS technology first appeared in Release 5 that has already started to consider the interests of the clients. It provides communications over IP, offering Internet services anytime, anywhere on mobile communication technologies. Also, it offers for the first time satisfactory multimedia sessions. On the other hand, Release 6 gave rise to the MBMS technology that provides broadcast and multicast transmissions for mobile networks. The MBMS provides multimedia applications services that everyone was waiting, including users and service providers. Now the operator makes use of existing technology in order to provide better costumer services. The possible integration of these two technologies will contribute to develop services based on converged networks in which contents are delivered through the unicast, multicast or broadcast technologies. Therefore, the objective of this work is basically to make use of network resources avoiding wastes and improving customer services through the integration of the IMS and the MBMS technologies. The executed work starts with the mobile telecommunications state of the art with reference to the referred technologies, followed by the IMS-MBMS convergence presentation and finishing with the proposal for implementation of a service platform that can be used for a multimedia multicast service. The main point is to show the benefits of a service that has been normally executed in unicast mode over the multicast mode, making use of the new IMS and MBMS technologies integration. To closure the work it is referred the advantages to use multicast and broadcast bearers, with the perspective that this work could be a starting point to a new set of services, saving network resources and allowing for innovate services a considerable efficency.
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Asfour, Taghrid. "Protocoles de communication multicast fiables". Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb388211552.
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Miao, Jun. "Load balance in overlay multicast /". View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?COMP%202004%20MIAO.
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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-62). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Akkor, Gün. "Multicast communication support over satellite networks". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2452.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Electrical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Sun, Yan. "Multi-user security for multicast communications". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1716.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.Thesis research directed by: Electrical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Jonsson, Fredrik. "Arm-P : Almost Reliable Multicast protocol". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-14954.
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Distribution of information across IP based networks is today part of our everyday life. IP is the backbone of the Internet and most office networks. We use IP to access web pages, listen to radio, and to create computation clusters. All these examples use bandwidth, and bandwidth is a limited resource.
Many applications distribute the same information to multiple receivers, but in many cases the same information is sent to a single receiver at a time, thus multiple copies of the same information is sent, thus consuming bandwidth.
What if the information could be broadcasted to all the clients at the same time, similar to a television broadcast. TCP/IP provides some means to do that. For example UDP supports broadcasting; the problem faced when using UDP is that it’s not reliable. There is no guarantee that the information actually reaches the clients.
This Bachelor thesis in Computer Science aims to investigate the problems and solutions of how to achieve reliable distribution of fixed size data sets using a non reliable multicast communication channel, like UDP, in a LAN environment.
The thesis defines a protocol (Almost Reliable Multicast Protocol – Arm-P) that provides maximum scalability for delivery of versioned data sets that are designed to work in a LAN-environment. A proof-of-concept application is implemented for testing purposes.
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Celik, Coskun. "Performance Analysis Of Reliable Multicast Protocols". Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605656/index.pdf.
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IP multicasting is a method for transmitting the same information to multiple receivers over IP networks. Reliability issue of multicasting contains the challenges for detection and recovery of packet losses and ordered delivery of the entire data. In this work, existing reliable multicast protocols are classified into three main groups, namely tree based, NACK-only and router assisted, and a representative protocol for each group is selected to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of the corresponding approaches. The selected protocols are SRM, PGM and RMTP. Performance characteristics of these protocols are empirically evaluated by using simulation results. Network Simulator-2 (ns2), a discrete event simulator is used for the implementation and simulation of the selected protocols. The contributions of the thesis are twofold, i.e. the extension of the ns library with an open source implementation of RMTP which did not exist earlier and the evaluation of the selected protocols by investigating performance metrics like distribution delay and recovery latency with respect to varying multicast group size, network diameter, link loss rate, etc.
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Bereketli, Alper. "On Qos Multicast Routing Routing Protocols". Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606446/index.pdf.
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Multicasting is a technique used for distributing data packets from one or more sources to a set of receivers on interconnected networks. Currently developing network applications bring specific quality of service (QoS) requirements like bounded delay, minimum bandwidth, and maximum data loss rate. Providing the required quality of service addresses routing and resource reservation concepts. In this study, a literature survey is carried out on traditional and QoS multicast routing protocols, and the need for QoS routing protocols is investigated. QoS multicast routing protocols are classified and compared according to their multicast tree construction and resource reservation approaches. Two QoS protocols, QROUTE and QMBF, are selected, and their performances are experimentally compared using the network simulation tool Network Simulator-2 (ns-2). The objective of the simulations is to compare the QoS routing algorithms and their tree construction efficiencies. The first contribution of the thesis is the survey and classification of traditional and QoS multicast routing protocols. Another contribution is the ns-2 implementation of two QoS multicast routing protocols. The final contribution of the thesis is the performance evaluation of the recent protocols from a different perspective.
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Han, Jung-Rung. "Failure recovery with priority progress multicast". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32720.
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This thesis sets out to gauge the strength of single tree based multicast video streaming systems
in the presence of network failures. We have implemented failure recovery and improved multicast
capabilities for the QStream video streaming system. Nodes in a multicast tree exchange small size
information with each other whenever changes to the tree take place. Such information allows a node
to determine a suitable replacement before its parent fails.
We believe the benefits of the tree-based systems are underrated in the recent movement towards
graph or multisource methods for multicast. The argument for graph methods is superior innate
fault tolerance and high bandwidth utilization. In the worst case, we will establish a more realistic
benchmark for tree-base multicast system to put in perspective of the benefit of graph. In the best
case, we can show that trees can be repaired efficiently and quickly, without invoking the complexity
of a graph system, contradicting somewhat the common perception that a single tree multicast in
essence has poor ability to recover from failures. Quick and scalable failure recovery functionality
can also become the basis of self-adjusting tree techniques to maximize bandwidth in future research.Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate
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Lopez, Garibay Daniel Emilio. "Design of MInP Multicast Routing Protocol". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0020/MQ53439.pdf.
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Ma, Tong. "Many-to-many multicast for XTP". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ59336.pdf.
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Zhou, Brian Dazheng. "Steiner tree optimization in multicast routing". online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2002. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?MQ71842.
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Jayaraman, Deepa. "IP multicast admission control for IPTV". Thesis, Wichita State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/5400.
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Video streaming over the Internet has become the most sought after application and is growing at a very fast rate. Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) is a technology that has been growing fast, replacing traditional cable TV. With the rapid development in the high speed networks, multimedia streaming over the internet has increased incredibly, of which video streaming is the major source of traffic in the core network. Hence IPTV video streaming over the core network has become one of the active topics for research. The major challenge associated with IPTV traffic is the fact that video traffic requires more bandwidth and is more sensitive to delay and packet loss due to congestion. Lots of research has been done to provide an Admission Control algorithm for IPTV traffic. Admission Control becomes an essential part as it is typically enforced to ensure QoS in the network. It helps prevent bottleneck in the core network.
This thesis proposes an efficient method to provide admission control for IPTV traffic in the core network by using multiple GRIP probe packets to check the resource availability in the core network for the new incoming channel request. Moreover, the algorithm proves that using multiple video qualities in the network helps increase the number of channels delivered to the end user, thus satisfying more users, as opposed to single video quality. Using multiple GRIP packets made the proposed method more reliable and it was seen that on an average, the number of channels delivered to the end user was increase over 90%.Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Science Engineering
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Cronholm, Carl Wilhelm Rantzien. "Decomposition methods for multicast network design". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433491.
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Garyfalos, Anargyros. "IGM : Intelligent gateway multicast for MIPv6". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525327.
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Fernandes, Ana Margarida Xavier Ferreira. "Comunicação em grupo: Multicast Aplicacional versus Multicast IP". Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/41875.
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Dissertação de Mestrado - Ciclo de Estudos Integrados Conducentes ao Grau de
Mestre em Engenharia de Telecomunicações e InformáticaNos últimos anos, o Internet Protocol Television (IPTv) tem vindo a aumentar a sua popularidade junto dos principais Internet Service Providers (ISPs), que o utilizam de forma a modernizar as suas redes de partilha de conteúdos audiovisuais. Este tipo de aplicações utilizam comunicação em grupo, sobre redes IP (Internet Protocol), que requerem muita largura de banda e por isso, a escolha da melhor tecnologia para as suportar é de extrema importância. O multicast é a principal tecnologia para permitir uma comunicação eficiente para este tipo de rede, devido ao facto de ter sido desenhado para comunicações de um-paramuitos. No multicast implementado ao nível da camada de rede, o multicast IP, os routers são responsáveis pela subscrição dos utilizadores nos diferentes grupos e de fazer chegar o tráfego para os nós interessados. Apesar da crença que o multicast IP é a arquitetura mais eficiente para distribuir informação para diferentes grupos, a sua lenta implementação levou a que alguns investigadores questionassem se a camada de rede é, necessariamente, a melhor camada para implementar a funcionalidade de multicast. Assim, surgiu o multicast na camada de aplicação (Application Layer Multicast - ALM), como uma técnica alternativa para o multicast. Nesta abordagem, a funcionalidade multicast é implementada nos sistemas finais, em vez de nos routers da rede. A presente dissertação começa por efetuar um levantamento dos principais protocolos do paradigma multicast, ao nível da camada de rede e da camada aplicacional. Depois estabelece plataformas de simulação para multicast aplicacional e de nível de rede. Por fim, analisa o desempenho de uma solução multicast de cada camada, num cenário de teste, com recurso à simulação, de modo a contribuir para a longa discussão sobre qual a solução mais adequada, para ser implementada em larga escala.
In the past few years, Internet Protocol Television (IPTv) popularity has been growing among the Internet Service Providers, in order to modernize its networks to deliver audiovisual content. This type of application use group communication over IP networks, that require high bandwidth and so, choosing the best technology to support them, is extremely important. Multicast is the main technology to allow an efficient communication for this type of network, due to being designed for communications one-to-many. In IP multicast (multicast implemented at the network level), routers are meant to make/remove subscription from users to different groups and replicate traffic to interested nodes. Despite the belief that IP multicast is the most efficient architecture for data distribution to multiple groups, their slow implementation led some researchers to question whether the network layer is necessarily the best layer for implementing multicast functionality. Therefore, application layer multicast (ALM) has emerged as an alternative technique for multicasting. In this approach, the multicast functionality is implemented at the end-systems instead of the network routers. This dissertation begins by presenting a survey of multicast protocols at the network level and application level. Then sets simulation platforms for application layer multicast and IP multicast. Finally, it analyzes the performance of a multicast solution on both layers, using the simulation of a test scenario, in order to contribute to the long discussion about the most appropriate solution to implement multicast on a large scale network.
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Rochman, Muhammad Iqbal Cholilur, i Muhammad Iqbal Cholilur Rochman. "CONMIQ Multicast: A Scalable Multicast Video Streaming in LTE Networks". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31690980527017988550.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
資訊工程系
104
Multicast transmission is a recurrent problem in wireless networking as the system has to cater for a multiple number of users at the same time. Furthermore video payload adds more complexity to the problem, i.e. video needs to be delivered in timely and orderly manner. Using H.264/SVC standard for scalable video, scaling could be used to compromise the quality and the size of the video, yet it poses a complex dependency problem. We propose a multicast scheme named CONMIQ (Constrained Non-linear Model of Incremental Quality) that provides suboptimal video quality to all users, and still fulfill resource requirement. The solution will be applied to LTE-A (Long-Term Evolution-Advanced) network which provides robust user channel quality assessment and a better OFDMA channel. To find the maximum video quality, we model the video quality of each video block in a GOP (Group of Pictures) as a second-degree polynomial function, then solve the maximization problem on that function, along with the considerations of resource constraints, video block dependency, and the varying channel condition of subscribed users. The experimental results verify that our suboptimal solution outperforms naive approaches while still performing comparably well than the much slower optimal solution.
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Guo, Ming-Huang, i 郭明煌. "Multicast ATM Switches". Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72912534671562330604.
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博士國立臺灣科技大學
資訊管理系
88
With the advances of technology and the decline in hardware prices, network usage is growing and propagating beyond the expectance while it was built. More and more network applications are developed and deployed to help people doing things quickly without the constraint in geography and space. For example, video-on-demand, distant learning, distant diagnosis, video-conferencing, and many others applications have popped up one after another in recent years. All the applications not only provide the convenience, but also improve the progression in human culture, technology, and history. However, these applications all need multicasting functionality to support. In traditional networks, this operation can not be handled easily and cheaply. When scaled up to high-speed ATM-based networks, the situation could be worse. Multiple streams of data travel around ATM networks. Each tries to send to many different destinations simultaneously. Therefore, designing economical ATM switches to support multicasting operations easily is very important in the future generation high-speed networks. In this thesis, three design issues for multicast ATM switches are introduced at first. Two pre-scheduling algorithms that can help improving the performance of multicast ATM switches are reviewed then. A simple multicast ATM switch based on broadcast buses is also proposed. Afterwards, a suggestion to deploy the multicast ATM switches with ATM UNI3.0/3.1 is given. Without easy and inexpensive multicasting, all the exciting services may become unaffordable. This will in turn lead to the diminishing of customer bases and finally will hinder the full-scale deployment of high-speed networks.
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Lee, Wei-Yuan, i 李維源. "Pivot Multicast Routing". Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48861557893736394311.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
資訊工程研究所
84
We provided a new multicast routing, called Pivot Multicast Routing, for central-computing multicast routing system. It considers the central nodes among all multicast members to find a smaller multicast/Steiner tree as given a network model and a multicast group. To avoid repetitive computing central nodes like ADH, we divided Pivot Multicast Routing into two steps. The first is to find any possible central nodes, and the second is to produce one multicast tree by the central nodes. We proposed pivot-tree concept to substitute central-node one, and two methods, Asynchronous Waves Algorithm (AWA) and Synchronous Waves Algorithm (SWA), to find any possible pivot trees are designed. We also proposed five algorithms, Pivot KMB, Pivot Covering, Switching, Pivot Try-All and Pivot SPH, to construct a multicast tree from those pivot trees. We justified by simulation that SPH has the best multicasting quality but with the longest time. Then we propounded Limited Grouping Waves Algorithm (LGWA) and Limited Combination Method (LCM) to improve Pivot SPH within two to three times of SPH-ZZ.
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Kuo, Kuan-Chieh, i 郭冠杰. "Opportunistic Multicast Scheduling with Multiple Multicast Groups in Multicell MIMO Networks". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26505752733135502371.
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碩士國立清華大學
通訊工程研究所
100
The use of opportunistic multicast scheduling (OMS) with transmit precoding is examined in this work for multicell MIMO systems with multiple multicast groups. In multicast systems, data transmitted by the base-stations (BSs) must be received by all intended receivers and, thus, the transmission rate is limited by the the worst intended receiver. OMS traditionally has been used to optimize the tradeoff between unicast and broadcast, but can have an even larger impact in systems with multiple multicast groups since users can be further selected in this case to avoid interference. Here, we assume that the base-stations (BSs) have knowledge of the data intended for all groups as well as the channel state information (CSI) of all links. The OMS and transmit precoder are designed based on two optimization criteria: the worst per-user throughput and the weighted sum throughput. Given the user selection, the problem of finding the optimal transmit precoder under both criteria are non-convex and, thus, are alternatively formulated as convex feasibility problems, which are solved by bisection search. Then, an outer optimization is performed to solve for the optimal user selection. However, since the problem is combinatorial in nature, the complexity of the problem can be intractable for systems with large number of users. Hence, iterative user selection (IUS) algorithms are proposed to reduce the complexity of the search. The effectiveness of the proposed schemes are demonstrated through computer simulations.
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Liu, Yi-Hung, i 劉益宏. "Reliable Multicast Routing Protocol by Multicast Forwarder Agent in Mobile IP Networks". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71316773181013225804.
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碩士國立成功大學
電機工程學系碩博士班
91
Recently years, providing multicast services to hosts becomes popular and many multicast protocols have been proposed. Mobile IP uses two approaches for mobile multicasting, namely, remote subscription and bi-directional tunneling. Remote subscription enjoys efficient delivery, but suffers from serious packet loss and wastes a lot of time on reconstructing multicast tree during roaming. Bi-directional tunneling wastes less time on reconstructing multicast tree and is free from packet losses due to roaming; however, it suffers from inefficient delivery path and the triangular routing problem which results in inefficient routing on multicasting. In order to diminish these drawbacks, this paper propose a new protocol to provide efficient and reliable multicast services for mobile IP networks. The new protocol improves the efficient of delivery with less number of packets for reliability. It can also get balance between the length of routing path and the time used to route. This reliable multicast routing protocol is derived from the use of the remote subscription and using MFA （multicast forwarding agent） to reduce the times of reconstructing the multicast tree. Multicast forwarding agent routes the missing datagrams caused by the out-of-synch problem to prevent roaming from packet loss and data duplication which may cause inefficient routing. Besides using the hierarchical routing recovery policy is for avoiding the ACK implosion. The results of simulation show that this protocol has higher delivery efficiency in comparison with bi-direction tunneling and use less packets for routing which will provide more reliability and could be easier to recover from packet loss during roaming.
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"Internet Multicast Congestion Control". Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604726/index.pdf.
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47
Ngo, Van Ngoc. "Congestion control for multicast /". 2005.
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Thesis (M.Sc.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Computer Science and Engineering.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 139-145). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss &rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR11871
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Robles, Matías. "Aplicaciones multicast sobre IPv6". Tesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10915/3892.
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Wang, Tianyu. "Session Management in Multicast". Thesis, 2011. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/7772/1/WangTianyu_PhD_2008.pdf.
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As a new network technique to efficiently distribute information from a small number of senders to large numbers of receivers, multicast encounters many problems in scalability, membership management, security, etc. These problems hinder the deployment of multicast technology in commercial applications. To overcome these problems, a more general solution for multicast technology is needed. In this paper, after studying current multicast technologies, we summarized the technical requirements for multicast, including data delivery, scalability, security, group management, reliability, and deployment. In order to understand and meet the requirements, we define a life cycle model that most multicast sessions should follow. According to the requirements and the life cycle model, we propose and design a general solution that can control each phase of a session and satisfy most requirements for multicast technology. This general solution has three parts: hierarchical topology auto-configuration algorithm, Session Management Mechanism, and techniques supporting different multicast protocols. To verify the feasibility of our solution and compare its performance with other multicast techniques, we simulate our solution and compare it with PIM-SM and ESM.
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Lee, Chung-Lai, i 李忠來. "Range-Based Mobile Multicast". Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11298115212827286092.
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碩士國立中山大學
資訊工程學系研究所
90
IP multicast is an efficient means of sending to a group. Our protocol is built on top of the existing static hosts IP unicast and multicast forwarding services to avoid triangle routing which always occurs in Mobile IP. Relying only on the existing multicast service model and reconstructing the delivery tree every time a multicast member and/or source move is not always a good solution. By applying the ideas of bi-directional tunneled multicast [3], our protocol attempts to hide host mobility from all other members of the group. Therefore, the multicast distribution tree will not be updated for the sake of member location change. Furthermore, our protocol has near shortest delivery paths like remote subscription protocol [3]. Our protocol can also adapt to the fluctuation of both host movement and the number of mobile members (i.e., having mobility and scalability properties). According to our protocol, the tunnel convergence problem resulting from bi-directional tunneling will be solved. By changing service range ``R', we can trade off the advantages and disadvantages of both bi-directional tunneling and remote subscription (they are the extremes of RBMoM). We measure the system performance and cost in different service range, topology size and mobile population density through simulation. According to the results of our simulation, we believe our protocol has much better performance without using the current Mobile IP multicast solutions.