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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „MSW incinerators”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "MSW incinerators"

Aungkurabrut, Ratchaneewan, Wichaphon Fakkeaw i Sutthinan Srirattayawong. "Design and development of community incinerators using the CFD method". BIO Web of Conferences 62 (2023): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20236202002.

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The research aims to develop municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators for higher thermal efficiency and minimal pollution from combustion. The 3D CFD model is developed for incinerators that consist of a combustion chamber and a cyclone. A municipal waste incinerator with a 250 kg/h capacity is modeled. The incinerator model simulated the comparative behavior between the finned and smooth combustion chamber walls. The results indicated that finned-walled incinerators exhibited more turbulent flow and air distribution in the combustion chamber than conventional wall incinerators. This will result in more complete combustion and less pollution.

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Ning, Shu Kuang, i Ling Cian Huang. "Incinerator Stop Operation Assessment and Municipal Solid Waste Disposition Adjustment". Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (sierpień 2013): 1142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.1142.

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Incineration is the main way to dispose the municipal solid waste (MSW) in Taiwan. The amount of MSW is rapidly decreased during recent 10 years due to the policies implementation of waste reduction and resource recycle since 2003. Assessment of incinerator operation stop and transformation therefore becomes an essential issue. An evaluation framework was constructed and put into practice in this research. With the considerations of service status, operation performance, MSW treatment status and the impact level of stopping operation was integrated and assessed in the first stage. An optimal model was built for re-programming the MSW clean strategies of original service areas by taking account of MSW collection distance, design capacity of incinerators and the heating value of solid waste in the second stage. A case study was implemented for four incinerators in Kaohsiung City of southern Taiwan to demonstrate the feasibility of proposed assessment framework.

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Nikku, Markku, Mingxiu Zhan, Kari Myöhänen, Jouni Ritvanen i Xiaodong Li. "Three-Dimensional Modeling of a Chinese Circulating Fluidized Bed Incinerator Firing Municipal Solid Waste". Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 47, nr 2 (1.05.2021): 393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.393.

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Currently waste incineration is a widely used method of waste management in China. Effective incineration requires understanding and tools to analyze the incineration process leading to good incinerator performance and efficiency as well as lower emissions. In this work, a Chinese circulating fluidized bed (CFB) incinerator firing municipal solid waste (MSW) and coal is modeled with a three-dimensional CFB furnace model to evaluate the incineration process. First, the modeling results are verified with measurement data from the incinerator. Then, the furnace model is applied in the simulation of a case with more dry MSW without coal. The objective of the research is to provide insight and increase understanding of the MSW incineration process. The simulation case of MSW with the lower moisture content highlights the possible reductions of fossil carbon emissions associated with the utilization of coal. To achieve this, a moderate reduction in the moisture content of MSW is required. A comparison between the MSW and coal versus only the MSW shows minor differences in the performance of the incinerator. Utilization of modeling in incinerator studies can aid in development of more efficient CFB incinerators, improving the waste management and reducing the utilization of fossil coal.

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Kang, Seongmin, Jeahyung Cha, Changsang Cho, Ki-Hyun Kim i Eui-Chan Jeon. "Estimation of appropriate CO2 concentration sampling cycle for MSW incinerators". Energy & Environment 31, nr 3 (1.10.2019): 535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x19877698.

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For this study, the CO2 concentrations of three municipal solid waste incinerators were measured for a year by using the continuous measurement method, and then the collected monthly, quarterly, and half-yearly samples were compared against the average yearly samples, in order to find out the appropriate CO2 concentration sampling cycle. The results of the Kruskal–Wallis test showed that the averages of the monthly, quarterly, half-yearly, and yearly samples of the three municipal solid waste incinerators were different. Then, the monthly, quarterly, and half-yearly samples were compared to the yearly samples in a post-hoc test. In conclusion, the monthly CO2 concentrations of incinerator C were different from its yearly samples, and for incinerators A and B, the averages of all of the monthly, quarterly, and half-yearly samples were different from the average of their respective yearly samples. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that monthly samples of the CO2 concentration of municipal solid waste incinerators, which can be secured in the largest volume and which include the most details, should be secured to investigate the appropriate CO2 sampling cycle.

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Kang, Seongmin, Joonyoung Roh i Eui-chan Jeon. "Seasonal Variation Analysis Method of GHG at Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator". Sustainability 12, nr 18 (9.09.2020): 7425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187425.

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The greenhouse gas emissions of the waste incineration sector account for approximately 43% of the total GHG emissions and represent the majority of the CO2 emissions from waste in Korea. Improving the reliability of the GHG inventory of the waste incineration sector is an important aspect for the examination of global GHG emission management according to the Paris Agreement. In this study, we introduced a statistical approach to analyze seasonal changes through analysis of waste composition and CO2 concentration in Municipal Solid Waste incinerators and applied the methodology to one case study facility. The analysis results in the case study showed that there was no seasonal variation in waste composition and CO2 concentrations, except for wood. Wood is classified as biomass, and the GHG emissions caused by biomass incineration are reported separately, indicating that the effect of an MSW incinerator on GHG emissions is not significant. Therefore, the seasonal effect of CO2 concentration or waste composition may not be an impact when calculating GHG emissions from case study facilities’ MSW incinerators. This study proposed an approach for analyzing factors that affect the GHG inventory reliability by analyzing seasonal characteristics and variation through the statistical analysis, which are used for the calculation of the GHG emissions of an MSW incinerator.

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Kang, Seongmin, Joonyoung Roh i Eui-chan Jeon. "Major Elements to Consider in Developing Ammonia Emission Factor at Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Incinerators". Sustainability 13, nr 4 (18.02.2021): 2197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042197.

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NH3 is one of the major substances contributing to the secondary generation of PM2.5; therefore, management is required. In Korea, the management of NH3 is insufficient, and the emission factor used by EPA is the same as the one used when calculating emissions. In particular, waste incineration facilities do not currently calculate NH3 emissions. In the case of combustion facilities, the main ammonia emission source is the De-NOx facility, and, in the case of a power plant with a De-NOx facility, NH3 emission is calculated. Therefore, in the case of a Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) incinerator with the same facility installed, it is necessary to calculate NH3 emissions. In this study, the necessity of developing NH3 emission factors for an MSW incinerator and calculating emission was analyzed. In addition, elements to be considered when developing emission factors were analyzed. The study found that the NH3 emission factors for each MSW incinerator technology were calculated as Stoker 0.010 NH3 kg/ton and Fluidized Beds 0.004 NH3 kg/ton, which was greater than the NH3 emission factor 0.003 NH3 kg/ton for the MSW incinerator presented in EMEP/EEA (2016). As a result, it was able to identify the need for the development of NH3 emission factors in MSW incinerators in Korea. In addition, the statistical analysis of the difference between the incineration technology of MSW and the NH3 emission factor by the De-NOx facility showed a difference in terms of both incineration technology and De-NOx facilities, indicating that they should be considered together when developing the emission factor. In addition to MSW, it is believed that it will be necessary to review the development of emission factors for waste at workplaces and incineration facilities of sewage sludge.

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Sasakura, Masaharu, Toshio Takase, Kozo Nagayasu, Sadahiro Uji, Shozo Okazaki, Hitoshi Tsuihiji, Hiroshi Tsuji i Yasuyuki Haneda. "Life cycle assessment for MSW incinerators". Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering 2000.10 (2000): 192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeenv.2000.10.192.

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Sulaiman, Muhamad Rosli, Sharifah Aishah Syed Abdul Kadir, Ruhani Ibrahim i Maryam Husin. "A Study on the Problems of the Usage of Incinerators in Malaysia". Scientific Research Journal 4, nr 1 (30.06.2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v4i1.5661.

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Incineration is one of the options available to dispose municipal solid wastes (MSW) as it is capable of breaking down hazardous non-metallic wastes besides destroying bacteria and viruses. In terms of volume of wastes, incineration can reduce almost instantaneously by 90 %. In 1998, the government of Malaysia embarked on a pilot project to use incinerators to dispose MSW in four popular resort islands to see the effectiveness of this technique of waste disposal. Seven units of mini incinerators were installed on the islands and the local municipals were made responsible to manage and maintain.This project looked into the problems arises when incineration is used for MSW disposal on these islands. Data collected revealed that the plants were not properly managed and maintained. This was due to the lack of funds available for effective and smooth operation and the absence of highly expert personnel required to maintain the plant. Other factors that contribute to the inefficiency are inadequate air pollution control facilities and the infrastructure which do not condon the foul odour. Further research work need to be done to monitor the operation of these incinerators in order to explore its potential to dispose waste safely, effectively and cleanly.

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Sun, Qi Na, Jing Miao Li, Bao Quan Huo i Ji Bing Wang. "Application of Sulfoaluminate Cement for Solidification/Stabilization of Fly Ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators". Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (maj 2012): 795–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.795.

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Sulfoaluminate cement (SAC) was utilized for the solidification/stabilization of fly ash from municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators. The effects of fly ash amount and water/binder ratio were investigated on compressive strength and heavy metals leaching toxicity of solidified matrices at different curing times. The results showed that prolonged curing time, lower fly ash amount and water/binder ratio enhanced the compressive strength and decreased the leaching concentrations of Zn, Pb and Cu. For 28 days cured matrices with fly ash amount 50% and water/binder ratio 0.30, the compressive strength was 32.6 MPa and the leaching concentrations of Zn, Pb and Cu were 14.73, 0.75 and 0.43 mg/L respectively. The leaching concentrations of Zn, Pb and Cu met the demand of GB 5085.3-2007. SAC is proved to be effective for MSW incinerator fly ash solidification/stabilization and high performance matrices for disposal and reuse may be achieved with further formula optimization.

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NAGATA, Katsuya. "Flue Gas Purification for MSW Incinerations. The Special Issue on the Flue Gas Purification for MSW Incinerators." Waste Management Research 2, nr 4 (1991): 295–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/wmr.2.295.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "MSW incinerators"

Lúčanský, Igor. "Planning and Valuation of Investment Project - MSW Incinerator in Banska Bystrica". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205670.

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The Master Thesis outlines planning and valuation of solid waste incinerator with energy recovery. The focus of due diligence, made before valuation, is on the assessment of the input data in regard to current and future market situation. The beginning of the thesis explains the valuation process with methods used later on. The two subsequent parts describe respectively current market situation and define data for valuation process made in Excel sheet attached. Before concluding the outcomes are compared with other possibilities with changes in financing structure.

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Chan, Chris Chi-Yet. "Behaviour of metals in MSW incinerator fly ash during roasting with chlorinating agents". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ27620.pdf.

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Wasantakorn, Aran. "Efficient power generation by integrating a MSW incinerator with a combined cycle gas turbine plant". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369938.

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Toller, Susanna. "Environmental assessment of incinerator residue utilisation". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Mark- och vattenteknik, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9155.

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Tritz, Audrey. "Oxydation de pyrolyse du dibenzofurane à trés faibles concentrations : application à la réduction des émissions de dioxines". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0014/document.

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"Les dioxines" (PCDD/F : polychlorodibenzodioxines/furanes) sont des polluants organiques persistants émis dans l'atmosphère, provenant de combustions incomplètes. Cette étude concerne l'oxydation et la pyrolyse du dibenzofurane (DBF) choisie comme molécule modèle des PCDF. La réaction est étudiée dans un réacteur parfaitement agité entre 500 et 950°C, pour un temps de passage de 3 à 5s et à très faible concentration de DBF (~2 ppm) pour se rapprocher des conditions des incinérateurs (UIOM). Les espèces intermédiaires, formées lors de la décomposition du DBF, sont identifiées par GC/MS puis quantifiées par TD/GC/FID. Ces produits sont des dérivés du benzofurane, des composés aromatiques et poly-aromatiques. A partir de ces résultats, un mécanisme cinétique détaillé a pu être développé et validé. Ce mécanisme est ensuite utilisé pour simuler d'autres conditions opératoires et optimiser la zone de postcombustion des UIOM
"Dioxins" (PCDD/F) are persistent organic pollutants which are emitted in the atmosphere by several combustion and thermal processes. The present study concerns the oxidation and the pyrolysis of dibenzofuran which is chosen as a model molecule of polychrorodibenzofurans. The reaction is studied at very low concentration of dibenzofuran (~2 ppm) in a continuous perfectly stirred reactor between 3s and 5s, whereas temperature is ranging from 500°C to 950°C. During dibenzofuran decomposition, several intermediary species are formed; they are identified by GC/MS and then quantified by TD/GC/FID. The main products are derivatives of benzofuran, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and other volatile organic compounds. Taking into account our experimental results and the literature data, we have proposed and validated a detailed mechanism of DBF reaction. This mechanism is used to model the abatement of dioxins by total oxidation in the postcombustion area of a municipal waste incinerator

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Borooah, Rohit. "Investigations into Incineration of Sanitary Napkin Waste Using Single Chamber Incinerator". Thesis, 2018. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5462.

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Commercially available disposable sanitary napkins are the most common method of menstrual hygiene management in most urban regions of India (van Eijk, 2016) (Mathiyalagen et al., 2017). It is estimated that in India a waste of 58,500 million sanitary napkins can be generated each year (Garg et al., 2012). A typical sanitary napkin consists of several layers made from cellulosic fibres, polypropylene fibres, superabsorbent polymer, etc. (Das & Pourdeyhimi, 2014). Due to non-biodegradability of certain materials, disposal of such napkins is a major environmental concern. Among other issues, soiled napkins contain human blood and endometrial tissue which attract stray dogs and other pests posing a threat to human and environmental safety. Such napkins can be completely destroyed through incineration leaving behind only incombustible ash. Institution-based commercially available incinerators have been gaining popularity in urban cities as it is a convenient and safe method of source destruction of soiled napkins. However, they can contribute to significant air pollution within the city limits and at present there are no emission standards in India for such incinerators. The present study investigates into the performance of two commercially available sanitary napkin incinerators (Incinerator-1 and Incinerator-2). The emphasis is on quantification of combustion efficiency and emissions, basically CO and CO2 to assess the quality of combustion. The emission values are used to evaluate the systems’ baseline performance under controlled conditions and compare the same with Indian (CPCB) standards for MSW incinerators (upper limit of 100 mg/m3 for CO when corrected to 11 % oxygen in the stack gas and minimum combustion efficiency of 99 %). From preliminary studies on Incinerator-1, it was determined that the average values of CO and CO2, emitted from combustion of one napkin were 465 mg/m3 and 0.19 % respectively (15,505 mg/m3 and 6.33 % when corrected to 11 % oxygen). In the case of Incinerator-2, the average values of CO and CO2 emitted from combustion of one napkin were 148 mg/m3 and 0.23 % respectively (3,432 mg/m3 and 5.35 % when corrected to 11 % oxygen). The combustion efficiencies did not exceed 84 % for Incinerator-1 and 95 % in the case of Incinerator-2. Further, parametric analysis was carried out to determine the role of parameters like batch size and combustion chamber temperature in the formation of product species. The evaluation clearly established the shortcomings in the combustion chambers to handle five-napkin batches and the need for quick heating to temperatures above 600 °C. In addition, the need for air supply directed in the primary combustion zone for reducing CO emissions was explored. Experimental studies were conducted by injecting atmospheric air at locations above and under the burning fuel bed to determine the effect of air flow rate on the product gas emissions. The results obtained are used to optimize the air flow rate and location within the chamber to achieve maximum air-fuel mixing to facilitate better quality combustion. The effect of air supply to the incinerator on the product gas emissions have been addressed. Through the improved design, the CPCB emission standards for MSW incinerators have been met in the case of incineration of a single napkin with resulting combustion efficiency over 99 %. The emissions of CO have been reduced to 48 mg/m3 (94 mg/m3 when corrected to 11 % oxygen). However, the systems still had certain shortcomings especially its inability to handle larger batch sizes. Based on the findings an alternate method of incineration using LPG was investigated and preliminary tests conducted with LPG shower promising results. The CO emissions for 1-napkin batches was reduced by over 90 % when compared to cold-start electric resistance incineration and by over 45 % compared to pre-heated condition. Additionally, combustion efficiencies of over 99 % were obtained in the case of 5-napkin batch size. There is scope to further optimize this LPG incineration with extensive investigations into various operational and design parameters like air supply rate, residence time and combustion chamber design.

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Lee, Cheng-Long, i 李承龍. "Chemical Compositions and Emission Factors of PM10 and PM2.5 Emitted from MSW Incinerators". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95831589486042782816.

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碩士
國立中興大學
環境工程學系所
100
In the past, most research only focused the sampling of PM (Particulate Matter) from incinerator stack and investigated the chemical species of dioxins, acid gases and heavy metals. However very few informations were related to the chemical compositions of PM10 and PM2.5 from stack emissions. Therefore, in this study, PM10 and PM2.5 samples emitted from two incinerators in central Taiwan were collected and further analyzed for carbonaceous compounds (EC, OC), water-soluble ions (Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) and trace metal elements ( Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, K, Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb, Ti, Mn, Cu, Sb, Mo, Ba, Cd, As, Se, Co, and V). The purpose of these works were to establish the source profiles of PM10 and PM2.5 emitted from municipal solid waste incinerator. The results showed that EC, OC, Cl-, SO42-, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Fe, Ca, K and Zn were the major chemical components (abundance greater than 1 %) in PM10 and PM2.5. Higher Ca concentration was found in PM10 and PM2.5 due to the injection of lime spray to remove acid gas in semi-dry scrubber. In this study, the concentrations of the emitted particulate matter and heavy metal concentrations were lower than the domestic and international regulations and standards. The emission factors were also lower than those in the literatures. These results indicated that the air pollution control devices of the incinerators had effectively removed the pollutants. In addition, the concentration of the emitted Cr concentration was higher than that from the Beitou incinerator, which indicated that the treated waste in this area might contain more Cr than those in the other area.

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Lin, Fong-Nien, i 林豐年. "Environmental Impact of a MSW Incinerator in Operation". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fhcp7c.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
環境工程與管理研究所
104
This research using a life cycle assessment (LCA) techniques to Simapro 8.0.2 software garbage recycling (incineration) plant life cycle assessment study, a comparison of the northern part of the original design value A incineration plants, mass and energy balance of the results of the environmental impact of projected , with the results of actual operation, the environmental impact of the difference is the use of LCA techniques described incineration plant for environmental impact situation. The results show that when the northern part of the actual functioning of a A incineration plant, in order to assess the efficiency of power generation is the subject, the bottom ash and fly ash produced by incineration plants produce more than the original design value estimate to 101 annual operating result shows that when the annual actual processing 189,724.75 tonnes of waste, excess operating 1.92%, while the year no violations of environmental laws and regulations violations, an average of 187 kg per tonne of waste generated in the amount of ash, bottom ash which produces an amount of 133.32 kg, more than the original design value bottom ash produced 5.2 times the amount of fly ash to produce an amount of 53.75 kg, more than the original design value of 4.1 times, and the remaining inventory found that the incineration plant in the results of the actual operation, are in line with the original design value incineration plant design, in order to understand incineration plant in the actual situation of excessive operating condition for environmental impact. In this study, the LCA method to explain the operation of incineration plants for environmental health impacts, described the situation for the estimated environmental impact of incineration plant design, while incineration plant for health differences when comparing the environmental impact of the actual operation, in which the Eco-Indicator 95 model simulations, incineration plants meet the estimated actual operating results of the environmental impact of the original design, have a single point of comparison analysis showed that the cumulative impact on the environment as 0.0408Pt, designed in line with expected results 1.77Pt, to heavy metals, acidification and eutrophication the environmental impact results for the incineration plant environmental impact of major projects; when EPS 2000 model simulations, the results of the actual operation of the incineration plant impact on the environment, in line with the original design estimate incineration plant, wherein affect human health, a health, the actual operation of incineration plants cumulative impact on the environment as 2.98Pt, far below the estimated design time 9.05Pt, for the stock of a non-living resources, the actual operation of the incineration plant is the cumulative impact on the environment - 32.7Pt, also better than the design of the estimated -17.1Pt, based on the results of the environmental impact of the design projected situation when the actual incineration plant operation, can meet.

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Cuou, Shin-Hui, i 周信輝. "Heavy Metal Stabilization of MSW Incinerator Fly ash". Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95311499174395294020.

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碩士
國立成功大學
資源工程學系碩博士班
90
The purpose of this research is stabilization and non-hazardous for municipal solid waste (MSW). At first, due to MSW contains some active chemical materials like CaCl2 and Ca(OH)2, so it can be treated by chemical agent and stabilization methods. Therefore, sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, ferrous sulfate and ferric sulfate are used individually to react with active calcium for solidification operation that can form low solubility calcium silicate, calcium silicate and ferrite compounds. These compounds structure can effectively depress heavy resolute again in liquid. The experiment procedures are according to composed elements, crystal phase, microstructure and TCLP test to realize properties of reaction ash. And the stabilization effect of treated samples can realize bynew crystal phase production elements distribution on particle surface, multiple TCLP test and stress strength. We hope these results may be useful in domestic. Reaction ash analyze results reveal some characters that are tiny particle and high pH value. The importance is lead concentration in TCLP test exceed limitation. So the ash must be suitable treated and prevented pollution again. The results show that the dissolve of heavy metals can be restrained by adding sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, ferrous sulfate and ferric sulfate. The compressive strength of solidified component are reach to 10kg/cm2 and the TCLP results of solidified component are below the regulated values when the adding ratio of sodium silicate are more than 10%, moisture content is 60% and curing time is 1 day. Besides, XRD spectrums show that calcium silicate hydrate and insoluble heavy metal silicate are formed. SEM observation and EPMA mapping also show that the calcium silicate is formed on the particle surface. The TCLP results of stabilized component are also below the regulated values when the adding ratio of sodium carbonate is 10%. XRD spectrums show that calcium carbonate is formed. SEM observation and EPMA mapping also show that the calcium carbonate is formed on the particle surface. Nevertheless, the results of compressive strength are not reached to 10kg/cm2 even if the curing time are up to 21 days. As a comparison to the other two experiments, the TCLP results of stabilized component are also below the regulated values when the adding ratio of ferrous sulfate is 6.8% and ferric sulfate is 9.6%. XRD spectrum show that zinc sulfate and gypsum are formed. SEM observation and EPMA mapping also show that gypsum is formed on the particle surface. Nevertheless, the results of compressive strength are not reached to 10kg/cm2 even if the curing time are up to 21 days. As a matter of fact, sodium silicate has batter effect of stabilization and solidification among the three inorganic chemical reagents. The results are very informative in treating MSW incinerator reaction ash.

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Ying-MingLin i 林毅銘. "Leaching of Valuable Metals from MSW Incinerator Fly Ash". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/eq7394.

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Książki na temat "MSW incinerators"

Clarke, Marjorie J. Technologies for minimizing emission of NOx̳ from MSW incinerators. New York, N.Y: INFORM, 1989.

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Dyer, K. S. A review and assessment of the latest generation pollution abatement equipment for MSW incinerators. [London]: Department of Trade and Industry, 1996.

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Chan, Chris Chi-Yet. Behaviour of metals in MSW incinerator fly ash during roasting with chlorinating agents. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997.

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T, Breslin Vincent, i National Risk Management Research Laboratory (U.S.), red. Municipal solid waste (MSW) combustor ash demonstration program, "the boathouse": Project summary. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 1995.

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E, Riley Clyde, Battelle Memorial Institute, United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Emissions, Monitoring, and Analysis Division i United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, red. Source characterization for sewage sludge incinerators: Metropolitan Sewer District (MSD), Mill Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant, Cincinnati, Ohio. Research Triangle Park, N.C: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 2000.

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Clarke, Marjorie J. Improving Environmental Performance of Msw Incinerators. I N F O R M, Incorporated, 1988.

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Części książek na temat "MSW incinerators"

Wang, Hairui, Wen Xie i Ya Li. "Genetic Algorithm and Fuzzy Based Combustion Temperature Control Model of MSW Incinerators". W Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 243–50. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2185-6_30.

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Liu, Guo Hui, Xiao Qian Ma i Zhao Sheng Yu. "Study on the Optimization Design of MSW Incinerator Combustion in O2/CO2 Atmosphere". W Challenges of Power Engineering and Environment, 1162–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76694-0_217.

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"Chapter 5 - Regulation of MSW incinerators". W Studies in Environmental Science, 135–65. Elsevier, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-1116(97)80011-8.

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Wenga, Terrence. "Efficient Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste in Incinerators for Energy Production". W Solid Waste and Landfills Management - Recent Advances. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108449.

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MSW generation has increased drastically throughout the world surpassing the ability of municipalities to handle it. Treating waste in incinerators with energy recovery have been opted as an environmentally preferred method of waste management. However, waste incineration result in inefficient energy generation. The objective of this chapter is to provide a summary of issues leading to inefficient treatment of MSW and the potentials for improving it. High-temperature corrosion and ash-deposition on heat exchange surfaces are the major causes of inefficiency during waste incineration. Optimizing the operating conditions during incineration reduces the deterrent corrosion and ash deposition problems. The operating conditions can be optimized by conducting a kinetic modelling which identifies the conditions that reduces corrosion rate. These conditions are moisture content ~10 vol.% and SO2 ~250 ppm. Also, use of ecotubes and sergher-boiler prisms ensures high turbulence and mixing within the boiler which reduces the ash problems, thereby improving the incineration efficiency. Sorting of MSW using max Al robotic sorter and removal of alkali chlorides in waste through the use of sink-float process, centrifuge and hydrocyclone separation technologies lowers chlorine load hence lowering the severe ash problems and proves to be beneficial in improving the efficiency of treating MSW in incinerators.

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Masoumeh Safavi, Seyedeh, Christiaan Richter i Runar Unnthorsson. "Dioxin and Furan Emissions from Gasification". W Gasification [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95475.

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PCDD/Fs are a 75-member family of toxic chemicals that include congeners (members) that have serious health effects including congeners that are classified group 1 carcinogens, endocrine disruptors and weakening or damage to the immune system. Municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerations had historically been implicated as the major source of PCDD/Fs distributed by air. As a result of awareness and legislation most European MSW incinerators were either shut down or equipped with modern air pollution control systems necessary to achieve MSW incineration with PCDD/F emissions within regulatory limits set by national and international laws (typically <0.1 ng TEQ/Nm3). There is a common belief that gasification of waste and/or biomass, unlike incineration, inherently and always achieve emission below regulatory and detectable limits. However, a review of the literature suggests that the belief that the substitution of incineration with gasification would always, or necessarily, reduce PCDD/Fs emissions to acceptable levels is overly simplistic. This chapter discusses the mechanisms of PCDD/Fs formation, the operational measures and parameter ranges that can be controlled during gasification to minimize PCDD/Fs formation, and methods for post-formation PCDD/F removal are reviewed. The purpose of this chapter is to assist researchers and practitioners in formulating waste management policies and strategies, and in conducting relevant research and environmental impact studies.

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Sawell, S. E., A. J. Chandler, T. T. Eighmy, J. Hartlén, O. Hjelmar, D. Kosson, H. A. van der Sloot i J. Vehlow. "The International Ash Working Group: A Treatise on Residues from MSW Incinerators". W Studies in Environmental Science, 3–6. Elsevier, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-1116(08)71442-0.

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Hjelmar, O., H. Birch i J. B. Hansen. "Further development of a process for treatment of APC residues from MSW incinerators". W Waste Materials in Construction Wascon 2000 - Proceedings of the International Conference on the Science and Engineering of Recycling for Environmental Protection, Harrogate, England 31 May, 1–2 June 2000, 872–83. Elsevier, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0713-2743(00)80096-3.

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Chua, Huang Shen, i Mohammed J. K. Bashir. "Waste Management Practice in Malaysia and Future Challenges". W Handbook of Research on Resource Management for Pollution and Waste Treatment, 531–49. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0369-0.ch022.

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Malaysia current waste management systems are not able to solve the disposal rates. The reduction of waste through 3Rs programme (reduce, reuse, and recycle) is in precontemplation stage. The municipal solid waste (MSW) condition is mixed and wet. The landfill and Thermal Treatment Plant (incineration) are the current practices for the MSW disposal. Landfill created leachate while incineration released unhealthy gases. Incineration failed due to the improper management and high cost of the operation. Torrefaction is needed before it goes to the incineration to improve the high heating value (HHV). The MSW pyrolysis and gasification are able to convert into valuable products (bio-oil, biochar, combustible gases). Combustible gases can be used to feedback into the incinerator. The heat of the incinerator can be performed waste to energy (WTE), which is able to convert into electricity as a Feed-in-Tariff (FiT).

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Arm, Maria. "Variation in mechanical properties of MSW incinerator bottom ash". W Waste Materials in Construction Wascon 2000 - Proceedings of the International Conference on the Science and Engineering of Recycling for Environmental Protection, Harrogate, England 31 May, 1–2 June 2000, 567–78. Elsevier, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0713-2743(00)80067-7.

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van de Laar, H. T. M., J. Slagter, R. F. Duzijn i J. H. de Zeeuw. "Quality improvement of MSW-Fly Ash and APC-Residue from MSW-Incinerator Amsterdam-West Using Different Immobilisation Processes". W Studies in Environmental Science, 811–20. Elsevier, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-1116(08)71512-7.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "MSW incinerators"

Yan, Jian-Hua, Sheng-Yong Lu, Yue-Ling Gu, Xu-Guang Jiang, Xiao-Dong Li i Ke-Fa Cen. "Trace Organic Pollutants Emission From Large-Scale Circulating Fluidized Bed Incinerators of Co-Firing Chinese MSW and Coal". W 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78066.

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Complex components, high moisture and low caloric value of raw Chinese MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) lead to the difficulties of keeping stable burning and low pollutant emission. Differential Density Circulated Fluidized Bed (DDCFB) incinerator was first developed by Zhejiang University to overcome such difficulties. The research of organic pollutants, especially dioxins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emission and control from MSW incinerators has been carried out in ITPE since 1998. The aim of this paper is to provide the scheme of a new co-firing CFB incineration technology, and useful data for environmental evaluation of trace organic pollutants emission from incinerators. The art of co-firing CFB is presented briefly in the first part of this paper. The dioxin content in original Chinese MSW is estimated to be 10 pg I-TEQ/g based on the data from Abad et al. Several test runs are conducted in a real-scale (150ton/day) incinerator co-firing MSW and coal to investigate dioxins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emission to ambient air. Test results show that dioxins input into the incinerator is estimated around 300∼600 mg I-TEQ/y, dioxins output is estimated 3∼100 mg I-TEQ/y, and dioxins emitted to ambient air is around 0.1∼15mg I-TEQ/y. It seemed that most of dioxins in original waste are decomposed by incineration process. For seventeen priority PAHs, its emission to ambient air is around 200∼4160g/y for co-firing runs, which is much more than 80g/y for coal combustion only. This suggests that PAHs emission to ambient air needed to be more concerned than dioxins. That is to say, PAHs emission regulatory should be proposed as soon as possible to restrict all incinerators. Several new incinerators (200 tons/day per unit and 300 tons/day per unit) were built by using new Co-firing CFB technology in past few years. From the environmental evaluation report, dioxins emission in stack gas is in range of 0.0025∼0.06 ng I-TEQ/Nm3, which seemed far below the European limit. The annual dioxin emission to air for 200ton/day or 300 t/d units is around 3∼6 mg I-TEQ. It shows that co-firing CFB incinerator is capable of reducing dioxin emission effectively. Based on industrial demonstration experience of new co-firing CFB incineration technology, it has been proven environmental friendly method for thermal treatment of MSW in developing countries. Some reasons for low dioxin emission of co-firing processes are discussed in this paper.

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Xiao, Y., M. Oorsprong, Y. Yang i J. H. L. Voncken. "Vitrification of Bottom Ash From AVR MSW Incinerators". W 14th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec14-3192.

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During incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW), various environmentally harmful elements and heavy metals are liberated either into bottom ash, or carried away with the off-gases and subsequently trapped in fly-ash. If these minor but harmful elements are not properly isolated and immobilized, it can lead to secondary environmental pollution to the air, soil and water. The stricter environmental regulations to be implemented in the near future in the Netherlands require a higher immobilization efficiency of the bottom ash treatment. In the present study, MSW incinerator bottom ash was vitrified at higher temperatures and the slag formed and metal recovered were examined. The behaviour of soluble elements that remain in the slag is evaluated by leaching extraction. The thermodynamics of slag and metal formation is discussed. The results obtained can provide a valuable route to treat the ashes from incinerators, and to make recycling and more efficient utilization of the bottom ash possible.

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Ragazzi, M., V. Torretta, G. Ionescu i I. A. Istrate. "Maintenance strategies and local impact of MSW incinerators". W ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY 2013. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/esus130201.

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Saab, Richard, Michael Sandell, Vincent Petti i Gabriel Pacheco. "Update on Spray Dryer Absorber Technology for WTE". W 19th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec19-5446.

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Siemens Environmental Systems & Services (SESS), formerly Wheelabrator Air Pollution Control (WAPC) started up their first SDA on a Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) incinerator in 1987, and now have 50 operating at Waste to Energy (WTE) plants alone. We were pioneers in the development of semi-dry scrubbing technology and are continuously improving it. While Spray Dryer Absorber (SDA) / Fabric Filter (FF) technology is not new, it is still a viable option for multi-pollutant control from many processes including Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) incinerators. It has been the Best Available Control Technology for this industry during the last 25 years. High performance and reliability have been experienced at these facilities across the United States. The simple, proven design of the SDA/FF system has been shown to be effective in acid gas, particulate, heavy metals, and dioxin/furan control. Technology advancements make this technology even more attractive. This paper will provide an update on SDA/FF technology for controlling emissions from MSW incinerators, particularly in relation to performance enhancements, including advancements in SDA dual fluid nozzles and Fabric Filter design. The new generation SESS Fabric Filter enhances system performance by providing lower emissions, lower compressed air consumption, and longer bag life.

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Themelis, N. J., i A. F. Gregory. "Mercury Emissions From High-Temperature Sources in the NY/NJ Hudson-Raritan Basin". W 10th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec10-1024.

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This report presents some of the results of a study conducted for the New York Academy of Sciences on the sources of past and current emissions of mercury in the Hudson-Raritan basin (HRB), an area of 42,000 square kilometers with a population of fifteen million. Mercury emissions to the atmosphere are reported from all high temperature processes, such as utility, commercial and residential boilers, secondary iron and steel smelters, Waste-to-Energy (WTE) plants, and sewage sludge incinerators. At present, the primary sources of atmospheric emissions in HRB are utility and industrial boilers (873 kilograms of mercury/year), secondary iron and steel plants (595 kg), Waste-to-Energy plants (147 kg), and sewage sludge incinerators (90 kg). The total deposition of mercury from the atmosphere on the surface of HRB was estimated at about 1,100 kilograms per year. The study examined in detail the decrease in mercury emissions from WTE plants. A metric was developed that expresses emissions from WTE plants as kilograms of mercury per million tons of MSW combusted. It was shown that reported annual emissions of mercury from the U.S. WTE plants have decreased from a high of 81,800 kilograms in 1989 to an estimated 2,200 kilograms at the present time.

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Themelis, Nickolas J. "Current Status of Global WTE". W 20th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec20-7061.

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This paper is based on data compiled in the course of developing, for InterAmerican Development Bank (IDB), a WTE Guidebook for managers and policymakers in the Latin America and Caribbean region. As part of this work, a list was compiled of nearly all plants in the world that thermally treat nearly 200 million tons of municipal solid wastes (MSW) and produce electricity and heat. An estimated 200 WTE facilities were built, during the first decade of the 21st century, mostly in Europe and Asia. The great majority of these plants use the grate combustion of as-received MSW and produce electricity. The dominance of the grate combustion technology is apparently due to simplicity of operation, high plant availability (>90%), and facility for training personnel at existing plants. Novel gasification processes have been implemented mostly in Japan but a compilation of all Japanese WTE facilities showed that 84% of Japan’s MSW is treated in grate combustion plants. Several small-scale WTE plants (<5 tons/hour) are operating in Europe and Japan and are based both on grate combustion and in implementing WTE projects. This paper is based on the sections of the WTE Guidebook that discuss the current use of WTE technology around the world. Since the beginning of history, humans have generated solid wastes and disposed them in makeshift waste dumps or set them on fire. After the industrial revolution, near the end of the 18th century, the amount of goods used and then discarded by people increased so much that it was necessary for cities to provide landfills and incinerators for disposing wastes. The management of urban, or municipal, solid wastes (MSW) became problematic since the middle of the 20th century when the consumption of goods, and the corresponding generation of MSW, increased by an order of magnitude. In response, the most advanced countries developed various means and technologies for dealing with solid wastes. These range from reducing wastes by designing products and packaging, to gasification technologies. Lists of several European plants are presented that co-combust medical wastes (average of 1.8% of the total feedstock) and wastewater plant residue (average of 2% of the feedstock).

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Hatton, Janice, i Peter Bulionis. "A Case Study of the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) System at the Algonquin Power Energy-From-Waste Facility". W 16th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec16-1903.

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The Algonquin Power Energy-From-Waste (APEFW) facility is located in the suburban Toronto, Ontario city of Brampton. It receives approximately 140,000 metric tonnes (154,000 tons) of MSW per year from the Region of Peel (Region) and approximately 10,000 metric tonnes (11,000 tons) per year of international airport waste from the area’s two international airports. The APEFW facility commenced initial operations in 1992 and included four, 91 tonne (100 ton) per day Consumat two stage incinerators with heat recovery boilers and a dual-train air pollution control (APC) system consisting of evaporative cooling towers, venturi reactors and fabric filter baghouses. The APEFW facility expanded its capacity in 2001 with the addition of a fifth 91 tonne (100 ton) per day modular incinerator and heat recovery boiler. One of the stipulations in the permitting process was that the entire expanded facility meet more stringent emission standards that included a significantly lower nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission rate. After a review of several available NOx control technologies, the APEFW facility chose to install a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system. While SCR systems are fairly common on EFW facilities in Europe, the APEFW facility is the only EFW facility in North America that currently operates with an SCR system and as such has gained valuable insight into the application and performance of this technology that is very relevant to the North American EFW industry. This paper discusses the operation and maintenance of the SCR system, compares pre- and post-SCR NOx emissions and presents capital and operating costs for the SCR including the cost per tonne of waste processed and the cost per tonne of NOx removed.

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Wang, Hairui, TingTing Wang i Xinjie Li. "MultiAgent Based On-line Monitoring System for MSW Incinerator". W 2009 International Conference on Scalable Computing and Communications; Eighth International Conference on Embedded Computing. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embeddedcom-scalcom.2009.74.

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Chin Aleong, Ashley Renae, i Rodney R. Jagai. "Incineration as a Means of CO2 Reduction". W SPE Trinidad and Tobago Section Energy Resources Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200956-ms.

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Abstract Incineration is a method of waste management, which is quickly taking a prominent role in munic ipa l authorities all over the world. The introduction of smokeless incinerators aids in decreasing adverse environmental impacts, making this technology a viable alternative to landfills. Modern designs and advancements in incineration processes focus on enhancements in energy efficiency and reductions in emissions of CO2, thus creating an avenue for sustainable energy. It is a means to combat organic substances in waste and separate dangerous gases and particulates from flue gas. Modern incinerators have efficient emission control systems that use multiple techniques for the elimination, at source, of potentially hazardous emissions and automatically control the rate of combustion. Smokeless combustion can be achieved through a combination of temperature, time and turbulence. The range of test incinerators used for this study covers a broad spectrum of usage reduces munic ipa l solid waste to a mere 0.3% of its original state. Reductions in CO2 are directly correlated to decreases in the amount of waste to be transported to off-site landfills, thus reducing the number of trips to and from same. Such reductions are in tandem with the goal of carbon neutrality, or rather, carbon net-zero, which requires the sequestration of an equal amount of CO2 produced. Comparisons are provided for reductions of CO2 as a result of the reduction in the burning of diesel by backload refuse trucks. Case studies are presented for communities with a significant general waste generation where CO2 emission from the waste pickup and transport to and from landfills are compared to that of CO2 emissions after the installation of a smokeless incinerator unit in a central community area. The most significant finding is that CO2 emissions are reduced by approximately 50% in most cases, with the introduction of these units. The introduction of these smokeless incinerator units can combat waste management woes in a shorter space of time, in parallel with achieving environmental targets such as that of Carbon Neutrality.

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Zhang Zhixiao i Ma Jiade. "Efficiency improvement of MSW incinerator with a novel MSW incineration technology integrated with biochemical method". W International Technology and Innovation Conference 2006 (ITIC 2006). IEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20061150.

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