Artykuły w czasopismach: „Mouth diseases – drug therapy”

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Kolesova, V. V., A. M. Lunegov, I. V. Lunegova, V. A. Baryshev i V. M. Matveev. "Comparative pharmacorrection of diseases of the mouth in cats". Legal regulation in veterinary medicine, nr 4 (8.01.2023): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2782-6252.2022.4.112.

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The article presents the results of comparative therapy of cats with inflammatory processes in the oral cavity (stomatitis, nigivit). We selected 30 cats, took the material for BAC-inoculation with subtitration to antibiotics, and analyzed the results. To compare therapy, which includes the use of an antibacterial drug and complex therapy, which includes additional processing of the oral cavity, two groups of animals were created. Based on previously obtained and known data, the first group of animals was prescribed doxycycline in oral form at a dose of 5 mg per kg 2 times a day for 7 days, the second group, the animals were prescribed doxycycline at the same dose, but additionally with the treatment of the oral cavity an aqueous solution of propolis and chlorhexidine bigluconate 0.12% 3 times a day after meals for 7 days. According to the results of BAC-inoculation with subtitration to antibiotics, it was revealed that the largest group of the studied animals was contaminated with Pasteurella multocida. All isolated microorganisms were sensitive to the prescribed antibiotic. After the therapy, it was noted that the state of the oral cavity in animals taking doxycycline and conducting local treatments with an aqueous solution of propolis, chlorhexidine bigluconate 0.12% was better than in animals with only the use of doxycycline. Improvements in the first group occurred by the end of the week of taking the drug, in the second - after an average of 3 days.

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Григорьев, С., S. Grigoryev, А. Козьменко i A. Kozmenko. "A new drug for xerostomia combination therapy". Actual problems in dentistry 12, nr 2 (26.07.2016): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-2016-12-2-2-10.

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<p class="p1"><span class="s1">The article presents the effectiveness study results of the foam «Oral Care Foam 2 in 1» with the aim of moisturizing the mucous tunic of the mouth and preventing oral diseases for patients with xerostomia caused by medication taking. The clinical trial was conducted at the premises of the Dental Therapy Department of the Ural State Medical University. There was analyzed thedata on 60 patients having the signs of a dry mouth, having bacterial test provenoral moniliosis. On the basis of the study ndings one can conclude that usingthe foam «Oral Care Foam 2 in 1» regularly improves the quality of oral hygiene care, slows down the process of dental plaque formation and growth in patients with xerostomia caused by medication taking; causes no irritation and can be used for moisturizing purposes. </span></p>

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Abdollahi, Mohammad, Mania Radfar i Roja Rahimi. "Current Opinion on Drug-induced Oral Reactions: A Comprehensive Review". Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 9, nr 3 (2008): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-9-3-1.

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Abstract Aim The aim of this comprehensive review is to present an update to our previous review about drug-induced oral reactions. All drugs that may cause adverse effects in the mouth and related structures are reviewed. Background Every drug can produce untoward consequences even when used according to standard or recommended methods of administration. Adverse drug reactions can involve every organ and system of the body and are frequently mistaken for signs of underlying disease. The mouth and associated structures can also be affected by many drugs or chemicals. Good oral health including salivary function is very important in maintaining whole body health. Drug reactions can be categorized as to the parts of the oral complex such as the oral mucosa and tongue, periodontal tissues, dental structures, salivary glands, cleft lip and palate, muscles, and nerves. Review Results This review suggests the number of drugs and chemicals that can produce adverse or toxic reactions in the oral cavity are on the rise. An updated listing of offending drugs is provided along with current strategies for dealing with adverse reactions. Conclusion Clinicians must constantly update their knowledge of drugs used by their patients. Attention must be paid to their toxic and unwanted effects that in many cases may be similar to characteristics of common diseases. Clinical Significance Dentists and specialists of oral diseases should be aware of adverse drug oral reactions for better diagnosis of oral diseases, administration of drugs, and patient compliance during drug therapy. Citation Abdollahi M, Rahimi R, Radfar M. Current Opinion on Drug-induced Oral Reactions: A Comprehensive Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 March; (9)3:001-015.

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P R, Meenu, i Pradeep K. Kumar. "A REVIEW ON ASCHYOTANA THERAPY AND ITS YOGAS". International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 12, nr 4 (28.08.2021): 146–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.1204124.

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Shalakya Tantra is one among the eight branches of Ayurveda which deals with Urdhwajatru Vikaras and their treatment. Urdhwajatru Vikaras include diseases of eye, ear, nose, mouth, and throat. Among them, Ophthalmology comprises major part of Shalakya Tantra. Kriyakalpas are the treatment modalities mentioned exclusively for eye diseases. It includes Aschyotana, Seka, Tarpana, Putapaka, Pindi, Vidalaka and Anjana. Aschyotana is considered as first line oftreatment in Netra Vikaras by Acharya Vagbhata. In this present era due to pollution and changing lifestyles there are manifestation of eye disorders. Many of this disease can be managed in their early stage itself by doing Aschyotana. Also, many simple and effective Aschyotana Yogas are mentioned in our classics by different Acharyas. In this paper an effort is taken to compile the references regarding Aschyotana therapy along with its Yogas (formulations) mentioned in Brihattrayis.

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Aditya, Vangara, i Kharidhi Laxman Vandana. "Evaluation of Different Local Drug Delivery Systems in Treatment of Periodontitis: An Institutional Study". Journal of Multidisciplinary Dental Research 9, nr 2 (24.12.2023): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.38138/jmdr/v9i2.23.19.

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Periodontal disease can be treated in both non-surgical and surgical therapy. There could be a possible reason why non-surgical therapy causes failure due to bacteria virulent factors and also the depth of periodontal pocket is greater than the instrumentation available, drug concentration is low in GCF as well as in saliva. To overcome this problem a treatment protocol that would include short-term usage of systemic and or local antimicrobial agents is being tried as an adjunct to mechanical therapy in treatment of periodontal diseases. A total of 540 sites, from 72 patients in different quadrants of the mouth received these treatment modalities in assigned quadrants such as scaling and root planning using both hand and ultrasonic instruments under local anesthesia (if required), combination therapy and local drug delivery alone. Patients with periodontal diseased sites were divided into five groups, based on the local drug delivery system, as Group I: Elyzol (25% Metronidazole), Group II: Dentomycin (2% Minocycline hydrochloride), Group III: Metrogene (5% Metronidazole), Group IV: Periochip (2.5mg of Chlorhexidine gluconate) and Group V: Atridox (10% Doxycycline hyclate). In the present study, the bleeding index score showed better reduction, for all LDD systems. The results showed that SRP alone, and LDD alone had shown no significance in overall reduction of pocket depth where clinical parameters (Plaque Index, Gingival Bleeding Index and Gingival Index). Although the combined treatment of scaling and root planing plus the local drug therapy reported to have a significant benefit over SRP alone in the treatment of periodontal lesions. Keywords: Anti-Bacterial Agents, Metronidazole, Minocycline, Doxycycline, Chlorhexidine, Local Drug Delivery Systems, Humans, Periodontitis, Periodontal Pocket, Root Planing

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Demir, Mehmet Gökhan. "The Effect of Arthrocentesis Treatment for Maximum Mouth Opening and Pain in Temporomandibular Joint Diseases and the Effect of Splint, Drug, and Physical Therapy on This Treatment". Medicina 59, nr 10 (4.10.2023): 1767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59101767.

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Background and Purpose: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a heterogeneous group of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular diseases involving the temporomandibular joint complex and the surrounding muscle and osseous structure. TMD can be classified as intra-articular or extra-articular. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of arthrocentesis in terms of maximum mouth opening (MMO) and pain in patients with TMD of intra-articular origin. In addition to this treatment, the effects of factors such as splints, medication, and physical therapy on arthrocentesis were examined. Material and methods: This retrospectively designed study was conducted with 79 patients who had previously undergone arthrocentesis. These patients were divided into three groups according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for temporomandibular disorder: disc displacement (DD) with locking (Group 1), DD without locking (Group 2), and degenerative joint diseases (Group 3) groups. The maximum mouth opening (MMO) and visual analog score (VAS) values of the groups were recorded before arthrocentesis (Baseline: T0), on the third day after arthrocentesis (T1), and at the sixth month (T2) after arthrocentesis. Information about whether the patients received concurrent medical treatment, splint treatment, and physical therapy was also recorded. These data were compared between groups. Results: It was observed that the VAS scores in all three groups decreased from T1 compared to T0 (p < 0.05). Likewise, the MMO value increased in all groups at T1 compared to T0. (p < 0.05). It was observed that splint treatment, pain killer and muscle relaxant treatment, and physical therapy made no additional contribution to arthrocentesis in terms of reducing pain or increasing MMO value (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Arthrocentesis was observed to be effective in terms of pain and function in TMJ patients in this study. It was observed that splint therapy, physical therapy, and medical therapy made no additional contribution to arthrocentesis in terms of MMO or pain.

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Vieri, Audrey Amber, Rosiliwati Wihardja i Tenny Setiani Dewi. "Clinical appearance of oral lesions in bronchial asthma patients using inhalation drug". Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry 32, nr 3 (30.11.2020): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol32no3.27472.

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Introduction: Inhalation therapy has become the first-line treatment for bronchial asthma patients. Studies have proved that not all of the inhaled drugs reach the target organ, but mostly are deposited in the mouth and cause local immunosuppressant and decrease saliva secretion. These conditions are closely linked to some adverse effects in the mouth. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical appearance of oral lesion in bronchial asthma patients using inhalation drugs. Methods: This study was descriptive and conducted on 30 bronchial asthma patients that have been using inhalation drug for at least one year, free of other systemic diseases, not using denture and orthodontic appliances. Oral mucosa was examined, and any oral lesion was recorded. Results: The most number of oral lesions found in patients through clinical examinations were plaque (73.3%), followed by a fissure (36.7%), atrophy (30%), and the least oral lesions found were pigmentation (3.3%), bullae (3.3%), and petechiae (3.3%). The lesions found in patients using inhalation drugs in a range of up to 10 years were found more varyingly. Conclusion: Plaque, fissure, atrophy, pigmentation, bullae, and petechiae are oral lesions that are clinically found in bronchial asthma patients using inhalation drugs.

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Сериков, N. Serikov, Серикова, O. Serikova, Щербаченко i O. Shcherbachenko. "Use of Physiotherapy in the Treatment of Oral Muco-sa (brief message)". Journal of New Medical Technologies 21, nr 2 (13.08.2014): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5001.

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Lichen planus is one of the most common diseases of the oral mucosa, which is characterized by a chronic course, clinical polymorphism, resistant to treatment, the possibility of malignancy. For treatment of the red lichen planus, the modern medicines are used: neurotropic, corticosteroids, aminoquinolinic preparations, antibiotics, retinoids, drugs, vitamins that have impact on different stages of pathogenesis. However, the prescription of these drugs is often inefficient, and is associated with the development of complications and the development of resistance to the therapy. The phenomena of toxic and allergic reactions in the use of drugs are frequent. Improvement of non-drug methods of treatment of the red lichen planus in mucous membranes of the mouth is an urgent task. Combined methods of physiotherapy are one way of treatment. Combined physiotherapy is physiotherapy, based on simultaneously (coinfection) use of two or more physical factors on the same area of the body. These factors were selected with the aim of increasing their physical activity and therapeutic effectiveness. One of the variants of combined physical therapy of diseases of the oral mucosa is the use of a device for the treatment of dental diseases «Radadent», in which there are two types of physical factors: the extremely high frequency electromagnetic and ultraviolet radiation. In the clinic of the Department of stomatology the apparatus «Radadent» was used in the complex treatment of 12 patients with erosive and ulcerative forms of red lichen planus. The reduction or elimination of inflammatory processes of the mucous membrane and the regeneration of tissues trophism of the mouth, elimination of pain, cell regeneration, the acceleration of healing of ulcers and ero-sions were identified.

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Jayachandran, Abirami Lakshmy, Radhika Katragadda, Ravinder Thyagarajan, Leela Vajravelu, Suganthi Manikesi, Shanmugam Kaliappan i Balaji Jayachandran. "Oral Candidiasis among Cancer Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Chennai, South India: An Evaluation of Clinicomycological Association and Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern". Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8758461.

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Oropharyngeal candidiasis is one of the common manifestations seen in cancer patients on cytotoxic therapy and invasion into deeper tissues can occur if not treated promptly. Emergence of antifungal drug resistance is of serious concern owing to the associated morbidity and mortality. The present study aims at evaluation of clinicomycological association and antifungal drug susceptibility among the 180 recruited patients with cancer on chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy with signs or symptoms suggestive of oral candidiasis. Speciation and antifungal susceptibility was done by Microbroth dilution method for fluconazole, Itraconazole, and Amphotericin B as per standard microbiological techniques. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis (p<0.05was considered statistically significant).Candida albicanswas the predominant species isolated (94) (58%) followed byCandida tropicalis(34) (20.9%). Fluconazole and Itraconazole showed an overall resistance rate of 14% and 14.8%, respectively. All the isolates were susceptible to Amphotericin B. There was a significant association between the presence of dry mouth and isolation ofCandida(p<0.001). Such clinicomicrobiological associations can help in associating certain symptoms with the isolation ofCandida. Species level identification with in vitro antifungal susceptibility pattern is essential to choose the appropriate drug and to predict the outcome of therapy.

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Aouroud, Hala, Adil Ait Errami, Nayala Hanane Essaidi, FZ Lairani, O. Nacir, Sofia Oubaha, Zouhour Samlani i Khadija Krati. "Compliance to Drug Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Monocentric Experience". International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science 8, nr 10 (13.10.2023): 464–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i10/1763.

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Poor therapeutic compliance in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has a negative impact on treatment efficacy and patients' quality of life. Addressing this issue requires an understanding of the factors involved, which include patient-related factors, socioeconomic conditions, treatment, and healthcare system factors. The aim of this study was to identify the factors responsible for poor therapeutic compliance in patients with IBD in our context. We conducted a prospective study involving 120 patients with IBD over a 10-month period. Data was collected using two questionnaires: one general questionnaire exploring factors influencing compliance and another specific one (Morisky Score) assessing the level of compliance. Of the 120 patients included, the average age was 39.66 years, with a female predominance. Crohn's disease was the most common pathology (71.7%), and 75% of patients were adherent to treatment. Lack of means was the most common reason for treatment abandonment. Bivariate analysis revealed a significant correlation between compliance, gender, monthly income, number of hospitalizations, number of daily doses, cost, perception of treatment importance, access to the treating physician, and mode of communication. Therefore, improving therapeutic compliance requires continuous support from healthcare professionals and the healthcare system, as well as responsible patients.

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Nelson, Scott D., Joanne LaFleur, Emily Hunter, Melissa Archer, Carin Steinvoort, CarrieAnn Maden i Gary M. Oderda. "Identifying and Communicating Clinically Meaningful Drug–Drug Interactions". Journal of Pharmacy Practice 29, nr 2 (8.08.2014): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190014544793.

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Objective: Providing care to patients with comorbid medical problems may result in complicated, multiple drug therapy regimens, increasing the risk of clinically meaningful drug–drug interactions (DDIs). The purpose of this article is to describe the prevalence of DDIs and provide examples on how to identify and intervene on DDIs. Methods: We described DDI data from the Utah Drug Regimen Review Center, where adult Medicaid patients were reviewed by pharmacists from 2005 to 2009. Patients were selected by the number of prescriptions filled per month (>7) or having a high RxRisk score. Summary: A total of 8860 patients were reviewed, and 16.6% had at least 1 clinically meaningful DDI. Patients with DDIs were slightly younger (mean age 45.2 vs 48.2), more likely to be female (75.0% vs 68.9%), and had more prescriptions per month (13.4 vs 12.5) compared to patients without ( P < .001). Pharmacodynamic DDIs were more prevalent (80.2%) than pharmacokinetic. Pharmacodynamic DDIs mainly occurred with drugs used to treat psychiatric/seizure/sleep disorders (69.4%) and pain/migraine (56.6%). Pharmacokinetic DDIs mainly occurred with drugs used to treat psychiatric/seizure/sleep disorders (53.2%), cardiovascular diseases (46.3%), and infectious diseases (29.6%). Conclusions: Clinically meaningful DDIs are common in patients with complex medication regimens. A systematic approach for identifying DDIs, determining clinical significance, formulating patient-specific recommendations, and communicating recommendations is important in pharmacy practice.

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Alomi, Yousef Ahmed, Ban Abdullah Aldosary i Nasser Faleh Aldawas. "Drug therapy for chronic diseases during the holy month of Ramadan: a literature review". Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports 5, nr 2 (1.08.2019): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/ptb.2019.5.13.

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Khasanova, V. V., I. I. Kukarskaya, T. P. Shevlyukova i E. Yu Kukarskaya. "Modern approach to combination therapy in patients with pelvic inflammatory diseases". Perm Medical Journal 38, nr 2 (15.03.2021): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/pmj38245-55.

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Objective. The aim of the study was to compare the efficiency of complex therapy of pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID) in patients using the drug Longidaza and the effectiveness of therapy without the use of this drug. Materials and methods. 150 patients of reproductive age with PID. All women underwent basic therapy. The complex treatment of group 1 included the additional drug Longidaza in vaginal suppositories 3000 IU with the general course of 20 injections once every three days. The patients were observed for 60 days. The effectiveness of therapy was determined by the dynamics of diagnostic criteria (clinical and laboratory). Results. During the follow-up period, among patients receiving complex therapy with Longidaza relief of pain syndrome in the lower abdomen was observed much faster, and only 14 (18,5 %) women of group 1 continued to fill it after 2 months of treatment, where as in group 2 60 (81,1 %) patients (p 0,001). Reduction of pain in palpation and cervical traction in patients of the main group was recorded in all (100 %) patients, while in the group of basic therapy this symptom continued to be observed in 23 % of women (p 0.001). The dynamics of decrease in the share of patients with increased uterine size in group 1 was 14.9 % and in group 2 only 8.4 % (p 0.001). In the experimental group, during the 2-month follow-up period, there was observed an increase in the number of patients with a normal number of leukocytes in the vaginal smear by 13 %, while in the second group this parameter increased by only 3 % to the initial value. Conclusions. The results of the research allow indicating the efficiency of treatment of PID when using the drug Longidaza.

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Kraev, Krasimir, Mariela Geneva-Popova, Velichka Popova, Stanislava Popova, Ana Maneva, Anastas Batalov, Teodora Stankova, Ginka Delcheva i Katya Stefanova. "Drug-neutralizing Antibodies against TNF-α blockers as Biomarkers of Therapy Effect Evaluation". Folia Medica 62, nr 2 (30.06.2020): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/folmed.62.e39402.

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Introduction: TNF-α blocker therapy is part of the treatment with biologics used in the management of inflammatory joint diseases. In recent years, drug-induced neutralizing antibodies have been shown to have a negative effect on the course of the disease process. Aim: To investigate drug-induced neutralizing antibodies against TNF-α blocking drugs used in patients with inflammatory joint diseases and their effect on the clinical course of the disease. Materials and methods: The study included 121 (56.8%) patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 50 (23.5%) patients with ankylosing spondylitis, 42 (19.7%) patients with psoriatic arthritis, and 31 sex and age-matched healthy controls. The patients were monitored at 0, 6, 12, and 24 months after initiation of TNF-α blocker treatment. The demographic data, vital signs and the parameters of inflammatory activity (C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and disease activity indices) were analyzed in all patients. Drug-induced anti-TNF-α blockers antibodies (adalimumab and etanercept) were analyzed using ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS v. 24. Results: Drug-induced neutralizing antibodies against adalimumab were obtained in 11.57% of patients at 6 month, in 17.64% at 12 month, and in 24.8% at 24 month. Drug-induced neutralizing antibodies to etanercept were not demonstrated in patients followed up at 6 months, at 7.77% at 12 months, and at 9.63% at 24 months. Between the presence of neutralizing antibodies to blockers of TNF-α and indices available for disease activity, there is a strong positive correlation and Pearson Correlation = 0.701, p=0.001. Patients with poor clinical response and available antibodies against adalimumab at 12 months were 82.36% and patients treated with etanercept 71.42%. The difference between the two groups was non-significant (U = 0.527, p> 0.05). Patients with poor clinical response and available anti-adalimumab antibodies at 24 month were 75%, and in patients treated with etanercept – 87.50%, the difference between the two groups not being able to reach significance (U = 0.623, p> 0.05). Conclusion: Drug-induced neutralizing antibodies against TNF-α blockers (adalimumab and etanercept) have a negative effect on the course of inflammatory joint disease and can be used as reliable biomarker to assess the effect of the treatment with these drugs.

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Padrid, Philip. "Use of Inhaled Medications to Treat Respiratory Diseases in Dogs and Cats". Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 42, nr 2 (1.03.2006): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/0420165.

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Noninfectious disorders of the respiratory tract, including laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, and asthma are common problems in dogs and cats. Traditional therapies have often included corticosteroids and bronchodilators given by mouth or injection. Side effects of this form of treatment can be severe and can result in cessation of therapy. Inhaled corticosteroid drugs are not as absorbed into the systemic circulation, do not result in significant side effects, and are now the standard of care for dogs and cats with respiratory diseases that would otherwise be treated with systemic medications.

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Nikitin, O. D., i H. D. Reznikovov. "Treatment of Diseases Accompanied by Infravesical Obstruction in Young Men". Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 7, nr 4 (30.08.2022): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs07.04.053.

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The purpose of the work was to study the possibilities of conservative and surgical treatment of infravesical obstruction in young patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. Materials and methods. Urodynamic diagnosis of infravesical obstruction due to increased resistance of the prostatic part of the urethra was established in 36 patients, whose age was 32.76 ± 1.13 years on average. The volume of the prostate gland according to transrectal ultrasound examination varied from 18 to 32 cm3 (on average 24.05 ± 1.28 cm3). Based on the results of a complex urodynamic study, 3 groups were identified: group 1 – 12 (33.3%) patients with infravesical obstruction with low-amplitude detrusor hyperactivity in the filling phase; group 2 – 13 (36.1%) patients with infravesical obstruction without an abdominal component during urination; group 3 – 11 (30.6%) men with infravesical obstruction in the presence of an abdominal component during urination. The control group included 16 men aged 21–48 years (on average 36.32 ± 2.34 years), who had no lower urinary tract symptoms. The effectiveness of drug therapy was assessed by comparing the initial indicators and quality of life indicators after 1 month, the IPSS index, the maximum volumetric rate of urination, and the residual urine volume. Results and discussion. To select the first line of therapy, the data of a complex urodynamic study and other examination methods (tamsulosin 0.4 mg, tamsulosin 0.4 mg + solifenacin 5 mg or tamsulosin 0.4 mg + mirabegron 25 mg) were taken into account. 16 patients who felt improvement after 1 month of drug treatment continued to experience it for 12–18 months. 17 (47.2%) persons out of 36 examined patients underwent surgical intervention due to symptoms of infravesical obstruction: 14 (70.0%) out of 20 – in whom drug therapy did not achieve the expected effect and 3 patients who refused conservative therapy despite its effectiveness. The patients underwent transurethral resection of the prostate gland. 12–18 months after observation, the patients determined a significant improvement in their condition, namely, in all parameters there was no significant difference from the control indicators. Conclusion. The effectiveness of conservative therapy in young men with infravesical obstruction reaches only 44.4%. But in case of improvement from treatment after 1 month, the stable positive effect of this type of treatment remains for 12–18 months. We believe that the main cause of infravesical obstruction in this contingent of patients may be benign prostatic hyperplasia, which debuted at earlier terms. Observation and treatment of this group of patients should be carried out according to the same principles as in patients with a similar pathology of an older age. If conservative therapy is ineffective within 1 month in this contingent of patients, transurethral resection of the prostate gland is indicated. After 12–18 months of observation, the operated patients determined a significant improvement in their condition, namely – in all parameters there was no significant difference from the control indicators. Thus, in case of absence of effectiveness of drug therapy in young male patients with infravesical obstruction, minimally invasive surgical intervention can significantly improve the quality of life, normalize urodynamic indicators, and reduce the IPSS score

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Uspensky, Yu P., Yu A. Fominykh i A. A. Gnutov. "Oral lesions in Crohn's disease (clinical case)". Medical alphabet, nr 34 (18.01.2024): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2023-34-20-23.

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Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus. Oral lesions in oral Crohn's disease are the most common extraintestinal manifestations of this disease and may reflect various pathogenic diseases. They can cause specific granulomatous inflammation in the oral mucosa, may be caused by malabsorption in patients, and also with side effects of CD drug therapy. In CD, several extraintestinal manifestations can also occur at the same time, and the appearance of one of them increases the likelihood of developing another. Use of private sector services. Also, in this article there are cases of development of Crohn's disease with recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

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Tirath, Ankita, Jyoti Arora, Matthew Ciorba i Parakkal Deepak. "SEX-BASED DIFFERENCES IN DRUG DURABILITY AMONG PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES". Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 29, Supplement_1 (26.01.2023): S75—S76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izac247.145.

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Abstract BACKGROUND With an increasing number of therapeutic options to treat IBD, identification of patient-specific factors predictive of drug efficacy is crucial. Sex has been postulated to play a role in response to therapy with possible proposed mechanisms including sex-based hormones and microbiome and epigenetic differences. However, prior clinical data on drug durability stratified by sex are mixed and limited. METHODS Using the SPARC IBD (Study of a Prospective Adult Research Cohort with Inflammatory Bowel Disease) registry, we analyzed time to drug discontinuation for female versus male patients started on a new IBD medication (including biologic and small molecule therapy) after enrollment between 2016 and August 2022. Drug persistence was examined using Kaplan-Meier plots. A Cox regression model was used to adjust for baseline differences in Crohn’s disease phenotype, rates of perianal disease, and concurrent immunomodulator use. A marginal means/rates model was used to adjust for within-patient correlation given that 252 patients had multiple medication starts. RESULTS A total of 1185 patients were identified with 1492 unique new medication starts (n=830 female, 662 male). In this sample, male patients had more complex Crohn’s disease phenotype and higher rates of perianal disease and concurrent immunomodulator use. No significant difference was seen in 12 month drug therapy survival rates based on sex (67.5% females, 65.7% males). Median drug continuation time was 33.5 months in females (95% CI 25.8, 37.4) and 24.5 months in males (95% CI 20.3, 32.8). No difference was seen in anti-TNF and small molecule subgroup analyses. Cox model adjusted for baseline differences in disease severity showed no significant different in probability of drug discontinuation per unit time in females compared to males [HR (95% CI) = 0.95 (0.75-1.21)]. CONCLUSION Both males and females have similar rates of IBD drug durability over time. The reasons for drug discontinuation should be explored in further studies as this may aid physicians in clinical decision-making.

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Gonchar, N. V., S. G. Mardanly, K. D. Ermolenko, I. V. Razd’yakonova, T. A. Koroleva, E. A. Martens, V. S. Kovalev i A. E. Maklakova. "Effectiveness and safety of «Nifuroxazide-ECO» in therapy of escherichioses in children". Journal Infectology 13, nr 1 (30.03.2021): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2021-13-1-71-77.

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In conditions of increasing antibiotic resistance and widespread antibiotic-associated diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile, it is necessary to choose a rational drug for the empirical treatment of escherichioses, which has a wide range of antibacterial activity and does not lead to the development of serious side effects and disruption of the gut microbiota.The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness and safety of the use of the drug “Nifuroxazid-ECO” in the integrated therapy of escherichioses in children.Patients and methods: 50 patients aged 1 month to 18 years were selected for work by random sampling, hospitalized in the intestinal department of the Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases of Russia with non-severe clinical forms of escherichioses. All patients underwent routine clinical, biochemical, instrumental examination. DNA detection of the pathogen was carried out by molecular methods in fecal samples using a set of reagents to detect and differentiate the DNA of diaregenic E. coli in environmental objects and clinical material by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with hybridization-fluorescent detection. Patients received the drug “Nifuroxazid-ECO”at age dosage, every 6–8 hours for 5–7 days.Results: Against the background of the therapy, a significant majority of patients showed clinical improvement. The average duration of hospitalization was 4.8 days, the duration of preservation of diarrhoeal syndrome was 3.4 days. The drug showed good tolerability. There were no cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, re-hospitalization at an early date after treatment, serious adverse reactions.Conclusion: Studies have shown that the drug “Nifuroxazid- ECO” is a safe and effective modern drug which can be successfully used in the therapy of non-severe escherichioses in children.

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Mann, Paul A., Paul M. McNicholas, Andrew S. Chau, Reena Patel, Cara Mendrick, Andrew J. Ullmann, Oliver A. Cornely, Hernando Patino i Todd A. Black. "Impact of Antifungal Prophylaxis on Colonization and Azole Susceptibility of Candida Species". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, nr 12 (28.09.2009): 5026–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01031-09.

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ABSTRACT Two large studies compared posaconazole and fluconazole or itraconazole for prophylaxis in subjects undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or subjects with acute myelogenous leukemia. To assess the impact of prophylaxis on colonization and the development of resistance in Saccharomyces yeasts, identification and susceptibility testing were performed with yeasts cultured at regular intervals from mouth, throat, and stool samples. Prior to therapy, 34 to 50% of the subjects were colonized with yeasts. For all three drugs, the number of positive Candida albicans cultures decreased during drug therapy. In contrast, the proportion of subjects with positive C. glabrata cultures increased by two- and fourfold in the posaconazole and itraconazole arms, respectively. Likewise, in the fluconazole arm the proportion of subjects with positive C. krusei cultures increased twofold. C. glabrata was the species that most frequently exhibited decreases in susceptibility, and this trend did not differ significantly between the prophylactic regimens. For the subset of subjects from whom colonizing C. glabrata isolates were recovered at the baseline and the end of treatment, approximately 40% of the isolates exhibited more than fourfold increases in MICs during therapy. Molecular typing of the C. albicans and C. glabrata isolates confirmed that the majority of the baseline and end-of-treatment isolates were closely related, suggesting that they were persistent colonizers and not newly acquired. Overall breakthrough infections by Candida species were very rare (∼1%), and C. glabrata was the colonizing species that was the most frequently associated with breakthrough infections.

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Consorti, Giuseppe, Gabriele Monarchi, Mariagrazia Paglianiti, Enrico Betti i Paolo Balercia. "Reduction of Post-Surgical Facial Edema Following Bromelain and Coumarin Intake in Traumatology: A Prospective Study with 100 Patients". Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, nr 4 (6.02.2024): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13040922.

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Background: Bromelain and coumarins are recognized as safe and effective therapeutic agents, used by individuals to treat ailments such as postoperative edema, inflammation and other diseases. Bromelain has been proven to be well absorbed by the body after oral administration, and it has no major side effects even after prolonged use. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of bromelain and other nutraceuticals in reducing post-surgical swelling, pain and the need of anti-inflammatory drugs in maxillofacial post-traumatic surgery. Methods: This prospective open-label study was conducted on patients undergoing surgery for trauma of the maxillofacial area. One hundred patients were selected and divided into two groups: one group who underwent therapy with bromelain, Aesculus hippocastanum and Melilotus officinalis and a control group that was not given the drug in postoperative therapy. Results: Patients in the experimental group showed a reduction of edema in the first and second postoperative weeks, a faster complete reduction of facial edema and a lower reduction in maximum mouth opening and needed less anti-inflammatory therapy to control pain. Conclusions: These findings seem to provide evidence that Brovas® may be effective in improving postoperative edema outcomes in patients undergoing surgical treatment of facial fractures.

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Van Laethem, Kristel, Andrea De Luca, Andrea Antinori, Antonella Cingolani, Carlo Federico Perno i Anne-Mieke Vandamme. "A Genotypic Drug Resistance Interpretation Algorithm that Significantly Predicts Therapy Response in HIV-1-Infected Patients". Antiviral Therapy 7, nr 2 (1.02.2001): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135965350200700206.

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Objectives The development of a genotypic drug resistance interpretation algorithm, and the evaluation of its power to predict therapy outcome. Design A rule-based algorithm was established by an individual expert and was based on published and inhouse results, independently from the data of the patients used in this evaluation. The predictive value of the algorithm for virological outcomes was retrospectively evaluated using the baseline genotype observed in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy, failing virologically and subsequently starting a salvage regimen. Methods The independent association between the susceptibility score (calculated according to the algorithm) and the virological response at 3 months, was analysed using multivariable logistic regression and multiple linear regression models. Results In two clinical centres 240 patients were studied. At 3 months 35% had a viral load of <500 RNA copies/ml. Using multivariable logistic regression, the odds ratio of achieving a viral load <500 RNA copies/ml at month 3 per unit increase of susceptibility score was 2.0 (95% CI 1.3–3.1; P=0.002) after adjusting for baseline viral load, genotype-driven salvage therapy, number of new drugs in the regimen, use of a new drug class in the regimen, nelfinavir-containing salvage therapy and history of prior viral load <500 RNA copies/ml. Using multiple linear regression, the susceptibility score showed a significant linear correlation with the log viral load change (slope=–0.27 log10 RNA copies/ml; 95% CI –0.11 to –0.43; P=0.001) after adjusting for history of prior viral load <500 RNA copies/ml, number of new drugs in the salvage therapy, use of a new drug class in the salvage therapy and baseline viral load. Conclusions This algorithm proved to be a significant independent predictor of therapy response at 3 months in this cohort of HIV-1-infected patients on salvage therapy. However, it should be subject to regular updates as is needed in this fast developing field.

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Silva-Vergara, Mario León, Luciana de Almeida Silva, Frederico Ricardo Zago Maneira, Achilles Gustavo da Silva i Aluízio Prata. "Azithromycin in the treatment of mucosal leishmaniasis". Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 46, nr 3 (czerwiec 2004): 175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652004000300011.

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This report describes three elderly patients with mucosal form of American tegumentary leishmaniasis associated with chronic cardiopathy. Due to the known toxicity of classical drugs with activity against Leishmania sp., the patients received three oral courses of azithromycin therapy in single 500 mg daily dose during ten days, every other month. All lesions healed after the third series. One of the patients relapsed and a new series of azithromycin was prescribed. Azithromycin may be an alternative drug for the treatment of leishmaniasis in special situations due to its optimal mucosal and intraphagocyte concentration, single daily posology, high tolerance and oral administration. The mechanism of this drug on Leishmania sp. is unknown at present.

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Suharjono, Zamrotul Izzah, Benny Efendie i Eddy Yusuf. "Medication Therapy and Ramadan Fasting". Senior Care Pharmacist 35, nr 6 (1.06.2020): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4140/tcp.n.2020.247.

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Every year millions of Muslims observe fasting during the month of Ramadan. Abstaining from drink and food for a long period may affect the physiology of the body, pathology of diseases, and pharmacokinetics/ pharmacodynamics of medicines. Health professionals should assess the suitability of patients to observe fasting without compromising their health. Pharmacists can contribute by recommending alternative medicine, dosage form, route of administration, dosing regimen, educating patients on balanced diets and proper use of their medicines, as well as monitoring of the clinical outcomes. This article aims to familiarize the readers with the practice of Ramadan fasting and various aspects regarding drug therapy and Ramadan fasting.

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Gndoyan, I. A., i A. V. Petrayevsky. "Therapy of Dry Eye Syndrome after Inflammatory Diseases of Cornea". Ophthalmology in Russia 17, nr 1 (3.04.2020): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2020-1-124-132.

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Purpose: evaluation of the efficacy of the drug Tealose® in the therapy of cornea inflammatory diseases consequences such as dry eye syndrome.Patients and methods: 34 patients (34 eyes) with dry eye syndrome after inflammatory diseases of the cornea, aged 28–56 years old were included in the study. Two clinical groups were formed: observation group — 20 subjects (20 eye) and comparison group — 14 subjects (14 eyes). The dynamics of such indicators were estimated under therapy: visual acuity with maximal correction, corneal epithelium entity according fluoresceine dye test, tear production according Schirmer and Norn tests, the grade of dry eye syndrome severity according index of OSDI — Questionnarie. The patients in observation group in addition to the basic therapy, which included instillation antiseptics и 4 % taurine solution, were treated with 3 % solution of tregalose (Tealose®, “Laboratuar Thea”, France) by such mode: using of 4 times daily instillations during 1 month, 1 month break, than continuation of the same regimen instillations during 1 month was performed. The patients in comparison group in addition to the same basic therapy were treated with Visomitin® (“Mitotech”, Russia) by the mode, which was used for tregalose.Results. The improvement of cornea’s epithelization (p < 0,05), increasing of visual acuity with maximal correction (p < 0,05), improvement of tear production (p < 0,05), as well as the OSDI-index (p < 0,05) were revealed in the patients of the observation group. In the patients of the comparison group positive dynamics of these indicators was insignificant and unreliable.Conclusions. Using of 3 % tregalose solution in patients with consequences of inflammatory diseases of the cornea — keratitis leads to effective treatment of “dry eye” syndrome, reduces the severity of epithelization disorders and tendency to scarring in the corneal tissue.

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Chernova, T. M., V. N. Timchenko, E. V. Barakina, A. A. Zherebtsova, N. S. Gusarova, Yu S. Khabarova, V. V. Bulygina, D. E. Shakhrai, A. V. Zhiglova i E. A. Ttsvetkova. "Outcome of COVID-19 in children: results of a 12-month follow-up". Journal Infectology 14, nr 2 (13.07.2022): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2022-14-2-96-106.

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At present, there are isolated data on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in children, especially those who have experienced asymptomatic and mild forms of infection.Purpose: to analyze the nature and frequency of postCOVID symptoms in children during 12 months. after recovery.Materials and methods. The influence of demographic indicators, premorbid background, severity of infection and therapy in the acute period of the disease on the nature and frequency of symptoms in 1079 children who underwent laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 was studied. The results are presented with proportions (%) and calculation of 95% confidence interval according to Klopper-Pearson. Differences between groups were assessed using Pearson’s chi-square test. Differences in the groups were considered statistically significant at p < 0,05.Results. Health disorders in the post-COVID period were observed in 8,5% of children, more often in school-children aged 7–17 years (68.4%). Concomitant conditions were found in 38,0%. In most cases, the consequences were noted after a mild form of COVID-19 (77.2%), however, 13,0% of patients experienced an asymptomatic form of infection. Among convalescents, changes in the emotional sphere (2,1%), headache (1,8%), symptoms of asthenia (1,6%), cardiovascular (1,5%), dyspeptic (1,3%) were more often observed, cognitive (1,3%) disorders, neurotic disorders (1,0%), less often respiratory (0.8%), endocrine (0,4%) and visual (0,4%) systems, musculoskeletal system were involved (0.2%). Girls were significantly more likely to have vegetative disorders, while boys were significantly more likely to suffer from cognitive functions. Various antiviral therapy options (interferon-alpha, an oral antiviral drug, or a combination thereof) in the acute period of COVID-19 did not affect the possibility of post-COVID disorders, but there was a tendency to increase the frequency in children who did not receive etiotropic treatment (control group). In 14.1% of cases, post-COVID symptoms appeared late – after 5–10 months. after recovery. The course of rehabilitation therapy, including drug treatment and non-drug methods, made it possible to quickly restore the state of health of the observed children.Conclusion. In most cases, the violations were of a functional nature, due to a disorder of autonomic regulation. Rehabilitation and dispensary observation programs will allow timely restoration of the quality of life of children who have had COVID-19, including in a mild and asymptomatic form.

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Kostirenko, O. P., I. Yu Popovych, A. V. Marchenko, I. Yu Lytovchenko i Yu V. Sidash. "Prospects for use of the preparation «cyteal» in patients with periodontal pathology". PROBLEMS OF UNINTERRUPTED MEDICAL TRAINING AND SCIENCE 42, nr 2 (lipiec 2021): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31071/promedosvity2021.02.039.

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he modern interpretation of the principles of therapy of periodontal pathology brings individualized treatment of patients to the first place. The basic principle of local therapy of periodontal diseases, in our opinion, is drug therapeutic treatment. The success of the treatment of periodontal diseases, the duration of remission and the prevention of complications largely depends on the quality of the impact on the oral cavity microflora. Recently, antiseptics of complex action have been successfully used. One of the representatives of the group of antiseptics is the drug «Citeal», which contains active substances: hexamidine, chorhexidine, chlorcresol. The purpose of the work is to increase the effectiveness of treatment of patients with periodontal pathology due to the use of three-component antiseptic agent of complex action — «Citeal». The results of a comprehensive examination of patients after the end of treatment show an improvement in oral hygiene, a decrease in the PMA index in comparison with the data before treatment. The Schiller-Pisarev test also became negative after the treatment. It is recommended to carry out professional hygiene with the use of antiseptic solution «Citeal» in a 1:10 dilution in the form of application to the marginal and alveolar part of the gums and irrigation of periodontal pockets, followed by mandatory rinsing of the mouth with water to remove residues. It was found that an individualized and differentiated approach to the treatment of patients with various forms of gingivitis and generalized periodontitis, who have orthopedic structures, prevents exacerbation of the disease during the year.

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Trubilin, V. N., E. G. Poluninа, A. A. Kozhukhov, V. V. Kurenkov, N. V. Moreva, A. V. Trubilin i K. V. Chinenova. "Differential Diagnostic Indicators for the Appointment of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Therapy in the Treatment of Red Eye Syndrome at the Stage of Primary Outpatient Admission". Ophthalmology in Russia 20, nr 2 (2.07.2023): 332–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2023-2-332-340.

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Every practicing ophthalmologist, regardless of the scope of their clinical and scientific interests, is faced with a dilemma — what treatment to prescribe to a patient who applied for a primary outpatient appointment with signs of red eye syndrome? Prescribing an adequate amount of pathogenetically substantiated therapy will reduce the potential risk of developing complications associated with drug therapy.Purpose: to study the effectiveness of the treatment the blepharoconjunctivitis, episcleritis and keratitis, the regimen of which included the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Okofenac 0.09 % (Otisipharm, Russia), the main active component of which is bromfenac, showed that the average term for stopping the inflammatory process in in all groups of patients included in the study, was 7–14 days, which indicates a high level of effectiveness of the treatment. At the same time, the maximum amount of drug therapy — more than two groups of drugs was prescribed to patients with keratitis. The quality of life according to the SPEED questionnaire, which reflects the symptoms characteristic of dry eye syndrome, was significantly lower in patients in the keratitis group, which suggested a relationship between the amount of drug therapy and the onset of dry eye syndrome in the long-term period — 1 month. This assumption was confirmed by a correlation analysis, which revealed a direct correlation between the number of prescribed drugs at the beginning of treatment and the quality of life according to the SPEED questionnaire after 1 month in all three groups of patients included in the study. Since this study was aimed at studying the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory therapy in the treatment of different, not only in terms of pathogenesis, but also the localization of the process, it only revealed certain trends in the relationship between the number of prescribed drugs at the beginning of treatment and the development of dry eye signs in the long-term period. Therefore, further research is needed to study the above trend in detail.In addition, as the analysis of literature data has shown, there are currently no indications for prescribing one or another type of drug therapy in the complex treatment of inflammatory diseases related to the “red eye syndrome”. In order to form criteria that take into account the history data — somatic status, duration of the inflammatory process, complaints of patients characterizing the inflammatory process, as well as biomicroscopic signs of inflammation, to select one or another pharmaceutical group of drugs, a survey of expert ophthalmologists was conducted. Based on the data of the survey, an algorithm for rational therapy of one of the most common pathologies included in the group of diseases red eye syndrome — conjunctivitis was formed. The above algorithm will be presented in the second part of this article.

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Yemelyanova, N. Yu. "CLINICAL INDICES OF DENTAL STATUS OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES". Ukrainian Dental Almanac, nr 3 (4.09.2018): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.3.2018.01.

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The article deals with the main dental manifestations in COPD comorbid with CHD on the background of received basic therapy. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and often coronary heart disease (CHD) associated with it are some of the somatic diseases that have dental manifestations. COPD manifests itself as a persistent restriction of airway patency and is associated with increased chronic inflammatory response of respiratory tract to the action of harmful particles or gases. COPD is often complicated by CHD which combination occurs in more than 55% of cases. It is known that the drugs that are used to treat these diseases have a side effect on the oral cavity. The aim of the study was to research complaints and the clinical status of the oral cavity in patients with cardiorespiratory pathology. Material and methods of the study: 130 patients with a verified diagnosis of COPD and CHD taking baseline therapy have been questioned and examined according to the domestic and international protocols for diagnosis and treatment. All patients were divided into three groups depending on the duration of therapy for the underlying disease: 1A group (49 patients with duration of treatment not more than 3 years), 1B group (40 patients with duration of therapy from 3 to 5 years) and 1C group (41 patients with duration of treatment more than 5 years). The questionnaire included the presence and nature of complaints and questions about individual oral hygiene. The definition of dental status has been carried out according to the standard scheme. Statistical processing has been carried out with the calculation of the median, interquartile range, the Mann-Whitney and c-square test. Results of the study. The main stomatologic complaints of all patients are dryness in the oral cavity, taste distortion, halitosis and hyperesthesia. The most common complaint of the vast majority of all patients was dryness in the oral cavity, which, in the respondents' opinion, was associated with the basic therapy of somatic disease. It is typical that frequency of these complaints occurrence was significantly higher in the group that takes long-term medications for COPD and СHD. The sensation of saliva lack was eliminated by mouth rinsing with water, however, despite the fact that relief was immediate, its duration was no more than two hours. The increased sensitivity of the teeth is associated with a violation of mineral metabolism due to a decrease of remineralizing properties of saliva and release of mineral components from the hard tissue of the teeth under the drugs. Patients form each of the groups noted distortion of taste sensations, which were associated with the beginning drugs intake. The main clinical changes were found in the mucous membrane of the lips, cheeks and papillary apparatus of the tongue, the severity and prevalence of these changes increased with duration of the disease. Almost all patients have got various clinical and morphological pathological changes in periodontal tissues. However, if the ratio of inflammatory changes to atrophic in 1A group is 1: 4.5, then in the 1C group this ratio is 1: 2. Conclusions: The frequency and intensity of dental complaints and clinical manifestations increase with the duration of COPD and CHD. All changes have been caused by the influence both of somatic pathology itself and side effects of medications. Thus, the study of the long-term side effect of drug therapy on the oral cavity of patients with somatic pathology seems relevant, and the variety of manifestations requires the development of adequate comprehensive diagnostic and prophylactic methods.

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Lisova, N., O. Pyatnychko, M. Zhyla, N. Shkodyak, O. Sobodosh i O. Maksymovych. "INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT IN THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF DISEASES OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM OF PIGS". Scientific and Technical Bulletin оf State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medical Products and Fodder Additives аnd Institute of Animal Biology 25, nr 1 (16.05.2024): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36359/scivp.2024-25-1.11.

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The article presents the results of clinical trials of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory veterinary drug when administered to fattening piglets with clinical signs of musculoskeletal diseases. For the treatment of the diseases, piglets of the experimental (I) and control (II) groups received an antimicrobial drug based on the tetracycline antibiotic. The animals of the experimental group were additionally administered orally with drinking water the test non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug based on acetylsalicylic, ascorbic and citric acids, in the recommended dosage by the manufacturer. Blood for laboratory tests was selected from piglets before and after the use of drugs. Studies of hematological and biochemical parameters were conducted according to generally accepted methods. The therapeutic efficiecy of the drug and its effect on the morphofunctional state of the body was evaluated by comparing the statistically processed data obtained before and after treatment, as well as in comparison with the indicators of animals of the control group. The analysis of hematological parameters of piglets during the experiment showed a decrease in the number of leukocytes in the animal’s blood after the use of drugs. The normalization of the leukogram was also noted by reducing the relative number of rod-nuclear neutrophils. In particular, this indicator decreased by 17.4% in group I piglets, and by 12% in group II piglets. It is noted that the clinical response to therapy was faster and more pronounced in animals, which used a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in combination with an antimicrobial drug than in piglets, which were treated only by antibiotic. According to the results of biochemical studies, it was found that the content of urea in the serum of animals of both groups before the use of drugs exceeded more than 3 times the upper limit of physiological values for a given age group of piglets. After therapy with the drugs a significant decrease in the urea content in the blood serum of groups 1 and 2 animals was noted by 3.42 and 2.98 times, respectively. It is established that the activity of marker enzymes of the liver physiological state (ALT, AST) in the serum of group I piglets after complex treatment with the studied drugs was slightly reduced and was within the physiological values. In the serum of group II animals, which were treated only with antimicrobial drug, ALT activity increased by 12,0 %, and AST – by 38,6 %, compared to the initial data, and exceeded the limit of physiological values. An increase in the content of iron by 37.4 % in the blood of group I piglets, compared to the period before drug administration, was noted. No adverse reactions and negative phenomena were detected during the use of the test drug, and the drug was well tolerated. According to the clinical condition of the experimental group animals and the results of laboratory tests it was established that the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs based on acetylsalicylic, ascorbic and citric acids simultaneously with antimicrobial therapy led to a faster improvement in the state of the musculoskeletal system. Observation during the month of the piglet’s clinical conditions confirmed the safety of the drug in the recommended dosage and method of administration in the combined treatment of inflammatory processes of the musculoskeletal system.

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Pasipanodya, Jotam G., Wynand Smythe, Corinne S. Merle, Piero L. Olliaro, Devyani Deshpande, Gesham Magombedze, Helen McIlleron i Tawanda Gumbo. "Artificial intelligence–derived 3-Way Concentration-dependent Antagonism of Gatifloxacin, Pyrazinamide, and Rifampicin During Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis". Clinical Infectious Diseases 67, suppl_3 (28.11.2018): S284—S292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy610.

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Abstract Background In the experimental arm of the OFLOTUB trial, gatifloxacin replaced ethambutol in the standard 4-month regimen for drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis. The study included a nested pharmacokinetic (PK) study. We sought to determine if PK variability played a role in patient outcomes. Methods Patients recruited in the trial were followed for 24 months, and relapse ascertained using spoligotyping. Blood was drawn for drug concentrations on 2 separate days during the first 2 months of therapy, and compartmental PK analyses was performed. Failure to attain sustained sputum culture conversion at the end of treatment, relapse, or death during follow-up defined therapy failure. In addition to standard statistical analyses, we utilized an ensemble of machine-learning methods to identify patterns and predictors of therapy failure from among 27 clinical and laboratory features. Results Of 126 patients, 95 (75%) had favorable outcomes and 19 (15%) failed therapy, relapsed, or died. Pyrazinamide and rifampicin peak concentrations and area under the concentration-time curves (AUCs) were ranked higher (more important) than gatifloxacin AUCs. The distribution of individual drug concentrations and their ranking varied significantly between South African and West African trial sites; however, drug concentrations still accounted for 31% and 75% of variance of outcomes, respectively. We identified a 3-way antagonistic interaction of pyrazinamide, gatifloxacin, and rifampicin concentrations. These negative interactions disappeared if rifampicin peak concentration was above 7 mg/L. Conclusions Concentration-dependent antagonism contributed to death, relapse, and therapy failure but was abrogated by high rifampicin concentrations. Therefore, increasing both rifampin and gatifloxacin doses could improve outcomes. Clinical Trials Registration NCT002216385.

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Cosgarea, Raluca, Sigrun Eick, Ionela Batori-Andronescu, Søren Jepsen, Nicole B. Arweiler, Ralf Rößler, Torsten Conrad, Christoph A. Ramseier i Anton Sculean. "Clinical and Microbiological Evaluation of Local Doxycycline and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy during Supportive Periodontal Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial". Antibiotics 10, nr 3 (9.03.2021): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10030277.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of subgingival instrumentation (SI) alone or combined with either local drug delivery (LDD) or photodynamic therapy (PDT) in persistent/recurrent pockets in patients enrolled in supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). A total of 105 patients enrolled in SPT were randomly treated as follows: group A (n = 35): SI +PDT and 7 days later 2nd PDT; group B (n = 35): SI+LDD; group C (n = 35): SI (control). Prior intervention, at 3 and 6 months after therapy, probing pocket depths, clinical attachment level, number of treated sites with bleeding on probing (n BOP), full mouth plaque and bleeding scores (gingival bleeding index, %BOP) were recorded. At the same time points, 8 periodontopathogens were quantitatively determined. All three treatments resulted in statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) of all clinical parameters without statistically significant intergroup differences (p > 0.05). Several bacterial species were reduced in both test groups, with statistically significantly higher reductions for LDD compared to PDT and the control group. In conclusion, the present data indicate that: (a) In periodontal patients enrolled in SPT, treatment of persistent/recurrent pockets with SI alone or combined with either PDT or LDD may lead to comparable clinical improvements and (b) the adjunctive use of LDD appears to provide better microbiological improvements for some periodontal pathogens than SI alone or combined with PDT.

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Rodrigues, Célia F., Maria E. Rodrigues i Mariana C. R. Henriques. "Promising Alternative Therapeutics for Oral Candidiasis". Current Medicinal Chemistry 26, nr 14 (24.07.2019): 2515–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180601102333.

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:Candida is the main human fungal pathogen causing infections (candidiasis), mostly in the elderly and immunocompromised hosts. Even though Candida spp. is a member of the oral microbiota in symbiosis, in some circumstances, it can cause microbial imbalance leading to dysbiosis, resulting in oral diseases. Alternative therapies are urgently needed to treat oral candidiasis (usually associated to biofilms), as several antifungal drugs’ activity has been compromised. This has occurred especially due to an increasing occurrence of drugresistant in Candida spp. strains. The overuse of antifungal medications, systemic toxicity, cross-reactivity with other drugs and a presently low number of drug molecules with antifungal activity, have contributed to important clinical limitations.:We undertook a structured search of bibliographic databases (PubMed Central, Elsevier’s ScienceDirect, SCOPUS and Springer’s SpringerLink) for peer-reviewed research literature using a focused review in the areas of alternatives to manage oral candidiasis. The keywords used were “candidiasis”, “oral candidiasis”, “biofilm + candida”, “alternative treatment”, “combination therapy + candida” and the reports from the last 10 to 15 years were considered for this review.:This review identified several promising new approaches in the treatment of oral candidiasis: combination anti-Candida therapies, denture cleansers, mouth rinses as alternatives for disrupting candidal biofilms, natural compounds (e.g. honey, probiotics, plant extracts and essential oils) and photodynamic therapy.:The findings of this review confirm the importance and the urgency of the development of efficacious therapies for oral candidal infections.

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Nuermberger, Eric, Ian Rosenthal, Sandeep Tyagi, Kathy N. Williams, Deepak Almeida, Charles A. Peloquin, William R. Bishai i Jacques H. Grosset. "Combination Chemotherapy with the Nitroimidazopyran PA-824 and First-Line Drugs in a Murine Model of Tuberculosis". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50, nr 8 (sierpień 2006): 2621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00451-06.

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ABSTRACT The creation of new chemotherapeutic regimens that permit shortening the duration of treatment is a major priority for antituberculosis drug development. In this study, we used the murine model of experimental tuberculosis therapy to determine whether incorporation of the investigational new nitroimidazopyran PA-824 into the standard first-line regimen has the potential to shorten the 6-month duration of treatment. As demonstrated previously, PA-824 alone had significant bactericidal activity over the first 2 months of treatment. Moreover, the substitution of PA-824 for isoniazid led to significantly lower lung CFU counts after 2 months of treatment and to more rapid culture-negative conversion compared to the standard regimen of rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide. Despite this, there was no difference in the proportion of mice relapsing after completing 6 months of therapy (2 of 19 mice treated with PA-824 in place of isoniazid relapsed versus 0 of 46 mice treated with the standard regimen). Meanwhile, no other PA-824-containing regimen tested was superior to the standard regimen on any assessment. Thus, we were unable to establish a clear role for PA-824 in a treatment-shortening regimen that includes two or more of the current first-line drugs. Future preclinical studies should include the evaluation of novel combinations of PA-824 with new drug candidates in addition to existing antituberculosis drugs for their potential to substantially improve the treatment of both drug-susceptible and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

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Piscitelli, Stephen C., Grace Kelly, Robert E. Walker, Joseph Kovacs, Judith Falloon, Richard T. Davey, Sangita Raje, Henry Masur i Michael A. Polis. "A Multiple Drug Interaction Study of Stavudine with Agents for Opportunistic Infections in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 43, nr 3 (1.03.1999): 647–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.43.3.647.

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ABSTRACT The effects of multiple opportunistic infection medications on stavudine pharmacokinetics were evaluated. Ten patients with CD4 counts of less than 200 cells/mm3 received stavudine (40 mg twice daily) in combination with one to three other drugs used to treat opportunistic infections. Serial blood samples for stavudine concentrations were collected after 1 week of therapy on each regimen and assayed for stavudine by using a validated high-pressure liquid chromatography method. Although the maximum concentration of drug in serum was significantly decreased when the drug was given in combination with three opportunistic infection medications, the area under the concentration-time curve did not significantly differ across various treatment regimens. Stavudine exposure was not significantly altered by multiple concomitant medications. Side effects were minor throughout the 3-month study period. The tolerability of stavudine, combined with its lack of drug interactions, makes it an attractive agent for use as part of a combination regimen.

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Kontogiannopoulos, Konstantinos N., Afroditi Kapourani, Ioannis Gkougkourelas, Maria-Emmanouela Anagnostaki, Lazaros Tsalikis, Andreana N. Assimopoulou i Panagiotis Barmpalexis. "A Review of the Role of Natural Products as Treatment Approaches for Xerostomia". Pharmaceuticals 16, nr 8 (10.08.2023): 1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16081136.

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Xerostomia, commonly known as dry mouth, is a widespread oral health malfunction characterized by decreased salivary flow. This condition results in discomfort, impaired speech and mastication, dysphagia, heightened susceptibility to oral infections, and ultimately, a diminished oral health-related quality of life. The etiology of xerostomia is multifaceted, with primary causes encompassing the use of xerostomic medications, radiation therapy to the head and neck, and systemic diseases such as Sjögren’s syndrome. Consequently, there is a growing interest in devising management strategies to address this oral health issue, which presents significant challenges due to the intricate nature of saliva. Historically, natural products have served medicinal purposes, and in contemporary pharmaceutical research and development, they continue to play a crucial role, including the treatment of xerostomia. In this context, the present review aims to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding natural compounds and extracts for xerostomia treatment, paving the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies for this common oral health issue.

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Utami, Dilla Adilah, Maulina Triani, Nunky Arum Gayatri i Anindita Laksitasari. "Oral Candidiasis pada Pasien Kanker Paru yang Menjalani Radioterapi: Laporan Kasus". STOMATOGNATIC - Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi 20, nr 2 (31.10.2023): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/stoma.v20i2.44010.

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Radiotherapy is one of the modalities of cancer therapy. One of the effects of radiotherapy in the oral cavity is that it can increase the occurrence of opportunistic infections such as oral candidiasis. The purpose of this case report is to describe the oral manifestations that occur in lung cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. A 52-year-old female patient complained of dry lips and mouth that had been felt since 2 weeks ago. The patient has a history of lung cancer and anemia, the patient is being treated at Prof. Dr. Margono Soekardjo Hospital, the patient has undergone 20 radiotherapy procedures and blood transfusion treatments. Treatment plans that can be given Non-pharmacological therapy in the form of communication, information, and education provided to patients in order to avoid some of the predisposing factors for candidiasis and the need for collaboration with pulmonary specialists who are dealing with systemic diseases. Topical antifungal drug therapy is nystatin oral suspension. Radiotherapy patients are patients with immunocompromised conditions that increase the incidence of infections such as oral candidiasis The principles of management of oral candidiasis include administration of antifungal agents to suppress fungal, identification and correction of predisposing factors and elimination of sources of infection in the oral cavity.

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Rakitianskaya, I. A., T. S. Riabova, U. A. Todzhibaev i A. A. Kalashnikova. "ALLOKIN-ALPHA - NEW APPROACHES IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC VIRUS EPSTEIN-BARR INFECTIONS". Problems of Virology, Russian journal 64, nr 3 (20.06.2019): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0507-4088-2019-64-3-118-124.

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Introduction. Epstein-Barr virus causes recurrent infectious mononucleosis-like symptoms. Today it is shown that the poisons of insects and animals are rich sources of antimicrobial substances (peptides) and contain a wide range of active biological compounds. Antimicrobial peptides play an important role in the immune response of the innate immunity of the host in the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. Russia has developed an antiviral drug Allokin-alpha on the basis of antimicrobial peptides. The active ingredient of this drug is cytokin-like peptide alloferon. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of allokin-alpha therapy on the amount of EBV DNA in saliva samples and clinical complaints in patients with chronic Epstein-Barr infection (ChEBVI). Material and methods. 59 patients with ChEBVI were examined (45 women and 14 men; mean age 32.52 ± 1.75 years). Patients were examined quantification of DNA Epstein-Barr virus in saliva samples by the method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with hybridization-fluorescence detection in “real time” mode. The analytical sensitivity of the test system is 400 copies / ml. Patients were randomized into two groups: group 1 (25 patients) received Allokin-alpha therapy (9 injections of s / c, 1.0 mg every other day); group 2 (33 patients) received Valtrex (500 mg x 2 times / day, by mouth) for two months. Results. 59.67% of patients had negative PCR results after treatment with Allocin-alpha. Only 27.27% of patients had negative PCR results after two months of treatment with Valtrex. In a correlation analysis, a significant effect of the initial number of copies of DNA EBV on the severity of clinical complaints in patients was revealed in the general group ChEBVI. Discussion. Allokin-alpha improves the recognition of virus-infected cells and helps suppress viral replication. Conclusions. Allocin-alpha therapy can be recommended for the treatment of chronic EBVI at a dose of 1 mg subcutaneously every other day with a course dose of at least 9 injections.

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Rawat, Sonam, Dinesh Kumar Goyal, Himani a i Sangita Devi. "EFFICACY OF VIRECHANA IN AMLAPITTA (GASTRO ESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE): A SINGLE CASE STUDY". International Journal of Advanced Research 12, nr 03 (31.03.2024): 703–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/18442.

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Amlapitta is very common disease encountered in present population. Due to lifestyle changes and changes in food habits people are mainly suffering from GIT disorders. Agniwhich is considered as root cause of all diseases is vitiate in Amlapittaleading to Mandagni (mildness of gastric fire) and food remains in Amashaya (abdomen) inShukta Avastha due to improper digestion. Its symptoms include heart burn, acid eructation, sour taste in the mouth, nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite. Conventional medical knowledge states that H. pylori infections, prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy, and infections are the most common causes of GERD. In AyurvedShodhanChikita is the best way to treat the root cause of disease by eliminating toxic substances from body. Amlapitta is Pitta Dosha Pradhan disease and VirechanaKarma is best for Pitta vitiate disorder. This article is case study of 32 Yr. male patient with sign and symptoms of Amlapitta registered from the O.P.D, P.G. Department of Kayachikitsa, Gurukul Campus, Haridwar.

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Paz, M. E. Pinto, L. Bueno Lazo, D. Carrera Palao, D. F. Pinto Ruiz, M. R. Huaman i A. M. Quispe. "Efficacy and safety of oncoplastic surgery plus drug therapy for chronic tuberculous granulomatous mastitis". International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 24, nr 6 (1.06.2020): 585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.19.0478.

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BACKGROUND: Chronic tuberculous granulomatous mastitis (CTGM) is a rare form of tuberculosis (TB) treated primarily with anti-TB drugs. Oncoplastic surgery (OS) has been proposed as adjuvant therapy for CTGM.METHOD: We followed for 1 year every CTGM patients and assessed the efficacy (defined as non-recurrence and no need for corticosteroids) and safety attributable to the standard anti-TB drugs therapy with and without OS.RESULTS: We analysed 128 CTGM cases, including 78 (61%) treated with OS plus anti-TB drugs and 50 (39%) with anti-TB drugs only. We observed a significantly higher efficacy among those exposed vs. unexposed to OS (100% vs. 92%; prevalence ratio [PR] 1.09, 95% CI 1.00–1.18), with no difference in the number of complications (21% vs. 8%; PR 2.56, 95% CI 0.91–7.26). We also observed that the incidence of post-operative complications decreased by 50% when OS was postponed from after Month 1 to after completing Month 2 of anti-TB drugs treatment (19% to 8%; PR 0.46, 95% CI 0.13–1.62).CONCLUSION: OS appears to represent an efficacious and safe adjuvant therapy when combined with anti-TB drugs in the treatment of CTGM patients, but clinical trials are needed to prove this observation.

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Yavelov, I. S. "The role of acetylsalicylic acid in the treatment of diseases caused by atherosclerosis". Aterotromboz = Atherothrombosis 13, nr 1 (2.08.2023): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/at2023-003.

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Arterial involvement in atherosclerosis is systemic in nature and is not limited to a single vessel causing ischemic symptoms. Atherosclerotic plaques at various stages of development are simultaneously present in arteries of a patient with atherosclerosis, and many of them undergo cycles of rupture and repair without any clinical manifestations. The chronic use of antithrombotic drugs is one of the ways to prevent the development of clinically significant thrombosis after atherosclerotic plaque destabilization. For this purpose antiplatelet agents, are used in patients with diseases caused by atherosclerosis, who do not have indications for long-term use of high (therapeutic) doses of anticoagulants. At present, acetylsalicylic acid maintains a leading position of the main antithrombotic drug in monotherapy and a must component of composite antithrombotic therapy. Recent studies have limited its role only in certain clinical settings: (1) a prolonged (more than 1 month) use after coronary stenting in patients requiring a long-term use of high (therapeutic) doses of oral anticoagulants; (2) a long-term use after coronary stenting in some patients receiving acetylsalicylic acid combined with ticagrelor; (3) use as first-line drug monotherapy in patients with symptomatic atherosclerosis of arteries of the lower extremities; (4) a long-term use as first-line drug monotherapy after ischemic non-cardioembolic stroke. The use of acetylsalicylic acid requires adequate patient adherence to treatment and sufficient bioavailability of the active substance. When there are doubts on proper bioavailability, it is reasonable to use nonenteric-coated dosage forms of acetylsalicylic acid.

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Alidema, Fitim, Viktor Isjanovski, Arieta Hasani-Alidema, Behrije Halilaj-Vishi i Minire Alilaj-Beqiraj. "Pharmacotherapy of Mental Illness in the Mental Health Centers in Kosovo During 2021". Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, A (15.08.2022): 1249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.10395.

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Background- Treatment of mental illness with pharmacotherapy is strictly monitored in clinical centers dedicated to this purpose. While in most of developed countries this practice is well established, in Kosovo, in absence of such system, there is the need for further and continues investigation in this context with the aim to better monitor the therapy. Aim of the study - This work aims to analyze and investigate the treatment of the patients with mental illness in the Mental Health Centers in Kosovo. Methods - The methodology of this research work is based on the specific guidelines published by the WHO. Handbook of the World Health Organization (WHO). All patients’ data were obtained from protocol books of the treated patients. For each city, 30 patients which were selected according to the theory of probability, were analyzed. A total of 209 patients were enrolled in the study. Regarding the pharmacotherapeutic characteristics we have analyzed the way of treatment of mental illnesses according to the groups of drugs and centers. The diseases were categorized according to the International Classification of Diseases - Revision 10. Results - Drugs were mainly administered through mouth, per os (PO) (82.4%). According to the clinics there was no significant change as per administration route of the drugs (ChiTest = 28, p > 0.11) (Tab.3). Almost, 2/3 of the prescribed drugs were non-essential (66.1%). Considering the class of the therapeutic drugs, over half of them were antipsychotic (53.2%), whereas in a percentage of 17.2% and 13.8% were anticholinergic and anxiolytic/hypnotic drugs, accordingly. These classes of drugs were 84.2% of the overall used drugs. Taken together, In the Mental Health Centers in Kosovo, drugs are mainly administered orally, with only 17.6% of the cases treated parenterally. The majority of the drugs used are the non-essential drugs, with antipsychotics being the most prescribed ones. Conclusions - Furthermore, the study highlights the use of the third-line therapy as a first choice, and the use of effective drugs with low safety profile such as: Clozapine 84.62% (from SDA group). Moreover, ineffective drugs are used in 1.92% of patients and non-compliance of treatment with drug indications was found in 5.77% of cases.

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MELIKYAN, A. L., I. N. SUBORTSEVA, E. A. GILYAZITDINOVA, T. I. KOLOSHEJNOVA, E. I. PUSTOVAYA, E. K. EGOROVA, A. M. KOVRIGINA i in. "Cepeginterferon alfa-2b in the treatment of chronic myeloproliferative diseases". Terapevticheskii arkhiv 90, nr 7 (15.07.2018): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/terarkh201890723-29.

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Purpose of the study. A comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of different therapeutic strategies in patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET). Materials and methods. Patients with PV or ET, diagnosed according to the criteria WHO 2016 were included in the study. The primary endpoint - 6 months of therapy (clinical-hematological and molecular responses). The secondary endpoint - 12 months of therapy (clinico-hematologic, molecular, histological responses). Sixty three patients were included in the analysis: the first group consisted of 33 patients who received the therapy with ce-pegiterferone alpha-2b (ce-pegalpha-INF-α-2b), 10 of them received previous treatment; the second group - 23 patients btained hydroxycarbamide; the third group - 7 patients were treated with recombinant interferon alpha therapy (rINFα). In comparison groups, differences in age were revealed: patients receiving hydroxycarbamide therapy were older. Phlebotomy occurred in 36% of patients in the first group, 9% in the second group, and 14% in the third group. Results. By the 6th month of therapy, 43% of the patients receiving the ce-pegalpha-INF-α-2b had complete clinical-hematologic response, 36% had partial clinical-hematologic remission and stabilization of the disease was established in 21% cases. No disease progression occured. By the 12th month of therapy, statistically significant differences in terms of efficacy between the different therapeutic groups (p = 0.2462, Fisher's exact test). In all three groups, the allelic load of JAK2V617F decreased: from 50 to 19%, from 22.3 to 15.8%, from 50 to 7.19%, respectively. The lower the allele load positively correlated with better response to therapy, which was observed in all analyzed groups. Hematologic adverse events (AEs) were more frequently observed in patients receiving ce-pegalpha-INF-α-2b therapy. Local reactions developed on 3-7 days of therapy as a hyperemic macula at the injection site. Both these reactions and hair loss did not influence on patient’s condition. In the second group (patients with hydroxycarbamide therapy) there were changes in the skin and mucous membranes: dry skin, stomatitis, and in older patients new keratomas appeared. The flu-like syndrome was the most common adverse event associated with the therapy of ce-pegalpha-INF-α-2b, which fully relived during the first month of therapy. There was only one case with the flu-like syndrome we observed at the 11th month of therapy. As a rule, the biochemical blood test changes did not influence on patient’s condition, were mostly associated with dietary violations, had a tendency to self-resolution and did not require medical interventions. Serious AEs were reported in one case - pulmonary embolism in a patient treated with rINFα. The reasons for the therapy discontinue in group 1: toxic hepatitis, intolerance, by the request of the patient, inadequate efficacy of therapy; in group 2: skin toxicity, in group 3: thromboses. The conclusion. Treatment of ce-pegalpha-INF-α-2b in patients with PV and ET is highly effective - the most patients pbtained clinical and hematological responses. There were no statistically significant differences in these parameters in comparison with hydroxycarbamide and rINFα. The use of the ce-pegalpha-INF-α-2b had an acceptable safety profile. The estimated therapeutic dose should be calculated according to body weight. To reduce the frequency of hematologic AE, titration of the drug dose is required.

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Kirichenko, I. M., V. I. Popadyuk, N. S. Kozlova i A. I. Chernolev. "Acute sore throat in frequently ill children: potential of topical therapy". Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, nr 17 (31.10.2023): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/ms2023-337.

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Sore throat is the most common reason for visiting primary care doctors, pediatricians, and ENT doctors. Acute sore throat, as a rule, is not an independent disease and most often accompanies tonsillopharyngitis caused by respiratory viral infections. In childhood, the share of acute respiratory viral infections among other infectious diseases can reach up to 90%, and the proportion of frequently ill children ranges from 30 to 50%. A feature of frequently ill children is a high incidence of illness, regardless of seasonality, and a tendency to a protracted course of the inflammatory process. Uncontrolled systemic antibiotic therapy for acute sore throat in frequently ill children leads to the development of dysbacteriosis and a decrease in mucosal immunity. The use of the topical antibacterial drug Faringazon for sore throat in children reduces inflammation in both viral and bacterial infections and reduces the need for systemic antibiotic therapy. The active substance of Ambazon has a bacteriostatic effect when is kept in the mouth until it resorbs and is effective against Streptococcus haemolyticus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus viridans, and also has antifungal effects against Candida albicans yeast fungus, which is a saprophyte, but exhibits pathogenic properties in decreased body’s immune defence and dysbiosis. The use of topical antimicrobial therapy helps reduce inflammation and speed up the recovery of patients without prescription of systemic antibiotics, and also ensures the preservation of microbiome, reducing the probability of emergence of antibiotic resistant strains to the minimum.

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Galimova, Irina, Irina Usmanova, Zarema Hismatullina, Yigal Granot, Olga Guryevskaya, Amina Ishmukhametova i Alina Sarvalieva. "MODERN ASPECTS OF ETIOPATHOGENESIS, CLINICS AND TREATMENT OF PATHOLOGY MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF MOUTH IN PATIONS WITH GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT DISEASES". Actual problems in dentistry 16, nr 2 (12.08.2020): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-20-16-2-5-10.

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Subject. Despite the many pathogenetic links in the lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and oral mucosa, unresolved issues related to their etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and high-quality therapeutic and preventive measures. Among the various pathological processes manifesting on the oral mucosa, recurrent aphthous stomatitis is a chronic disease characterized by the appearance of secondary pathomorphological elements (aphthae) in response to the development of acute proliferative inflammation. The goal is the analysis and systematization of literature data on the problem of damage to the oral mucosa in acid-dependent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Methodology. Recurrent aphthae of the oral cavity belong to the chronic pathology of the oral mucosa, are characterized by a prolonged course and periodic relapses, which are most often associated with the state of somatic status, including the presence of acid-dependent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Results. The main pathomorphological element inherent in this pathology is aphtha. Its localization is the mucous membrane of the vestibule of the oral cavity, cheeks, and lateral surface of the tongue, visually oval or round, covered with a dirty white fibrinous coating. Treatment of recurrent aphthae of the oral cavity includes a complex consisting of general systemic therapy of the underlying disease. Local treatment includes the use of antihistamines, immunocorrection, drugs that increase nonspecific hypersensitivity, normalization of cellular metabolism and stimulate nonspecific defense mechanisms, vitamin therapy and physiotherapy methods. Conclusions. This treatment should ultimately be aimed at eliminating not only pain, but also at increasing local immunity factors, combating pathogenic microflora and promoting the epithelization of pathological processes on the oral mucosa. Of great importance in the treatment and prevention of recurrent aphthae is a comprehensive examination of the patient in order to identify risk factors.

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Andrikevych, I. I. "Acute respiratory infections in children: current trends in antiviral therapy". Modern pediatrics. Ukraine, nr 6(118) (29.10.2021): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/sp.2021.118.61.

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The aim is тto study the clinical efficacy of Flavovir® in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) in young children. Materials and methods. The study included 60 young children who received outpatient treatment at the primary health care centers of the Vinnytsia region in the period from 2019 to 2021. The inclusion criteria for the study were ARVI and age аfrom 1 month to 3 years; exclusion criteria were еaggravated premorbid background (immunodeficiency diseases, congenital malformations, etc.), the use of other antiviral drugs, influenza vaccination. According to this aim the children are divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 30 children with ARVI who received Flavovir® (Research and Production Company "Ecopharm" Ltd, Ukraine) in combination with symptomatic therapy. The second group consisted of 30 patients with ARVI who received only symptomatic therapy. The distribution of patients into groups was carried out randomly. The groups were representative for age, sex, structure and severity of disease. Results. During the study the drug Flavovir® showed an effective antiviral effect in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections in young children. In ase of the introduction of Flavovir® in the treatment regimen of the examined patients, a positive dynamics of clinical disease was noted: the intoxication syndrome disappeared three times faster (Group I — duration on average 3.4±0.2 days; Group II — 10.4±0.6 days , p<0.05), catarrhal syndrome disappeared approximately two times faster (group I — duration on average 4.5±0.4 days; II group — 9.6±0.7 days, p<0.05); нthere was a reduction in the recovery time by almost two times (group I — on average 5.81±0.5 days, II group — 11.8±0.6 days, p<0.05). The drug is well tolerated by patients and safe for children. Conclusions. The results obtained allow to recommend Flavovir® in age-specific doses for the etiotropic therapy of modern acute respiratory viral infections in young children, taking into account the direct antiviral effect of the drug. The study was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The informed consent of the parents of the children was obtained for the research. The author declares no conflicts of interest. Key words: children, treatment, acute respiratory viral diseases, Flavovir.

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khan, Haseeba, Christy Varughese i Hemil Gonzalez. "680. Month Long Fungemia due to Candida auris Endocarditis". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (1.11.2021): S443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.877.

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Abstract Background Candida auris (C. auris) is a multidrug resistant Candida species, reported to cause persistent fungemia along with a multitude of invasive fungal infections. We report the first case of C. auris fungemia due to endocarditis. Methods 61 year old man with a history of diverticulitis that required sigmoid resection and was complicated by abdominal abscesses due to multi drug resistant organisms warranting heavy antibiosis. Prolonged hospitalisation for that surgery was followed by a stay at a long term acute care hospital. He was readmitted at an outside hospital with sepsis where blood cultures grew C.auris. Upon evaluation, was found to have aortic valve endocarditis. Per patient’s preference, surgery was initially deferred. Despite escalation of therapy with a combination of antifungals, he remained fungemic for five weeks with repeat blood cultures showing changing antifungal susceptibility patterns. Patient eventually underwent surgical intervention at our facility, with valve cultures being positive for C.auris. After the surgery he was treated with 6 weeks of intravenous combination antifungal therapy. Results C.auris’s pathogenicity stems from multiple mechanisms with multi drug resistance being most pertinent. What adds to the complexity of the management is the absence of C.auris specific minimum inhibitory concentration breakpoints. Therefore treatment is based on Center for Disease Control’s (CDC) proposed breakpoints that have been extrapolated from other Candida spp. It is further complicated by lack of C.auris specific data showing essential agreement among different commercially available antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST). Heteroresistance of the microbial population is an issue that must be considered in such protracted fungemia. Conclusion Invasive infections due to Candida auris presents as a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to clinicians. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Mocroft, A., AN Phillips, N. Friis-Møller, R. Colebunders, AM Johnson, B. Hirschel, T. Saint-Marc i in. "Response to Antiretroviral Therapy among Patients Exposed to Three Classes of Antiretrovirals: Results from the Eurosida Study". Antiviral Therapy 7, nr 1 (styczeń 2002): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135965350200700103.

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There is an increasing proportion of HIV-positive patients exposed to all licensed classes of antiretrovirals, and the response to salvage regimens may be poor. Among over 8500 patients in EuroSIDA, the proportion of treated patients exposed to nucleosides, protease inhibitors (PIs) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) increased from 0% in 1996 to 47% in 2001. Four-hundred-and-thirteen patients, who had failed virologically two highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens and experienced all three main drug classes, started a salvage regimen of at least three drugs, in which at least one new PI or NNRTI was included. Median viral load was 4.7 log copies/ml [Interquartile range (IQR) 4.2–5.2], CD4 lymphocyte count 150/mm3 (IQR 60–274/mm3) and follow-up 14 months. Of these patients, 283 (69%) subsequently experienced at least a 1 log decline in viral load and 202 (49%) achieved a viral load <500 copies/ml. Conversely, the CD4 count halved from the baseline value in 88 (21%), and 45 (11%) experienced a new AIDS-defining disease. In multivariable analyses, a 1 log viral load reduction was related to baseline viral load [relative hazard (RH) 1.27 per 1 log higher; P=0.008], a previous viral load of less than 500 copies/ml (RH 1.69; P=0.002), more recent initiation of the regimen (RH 1.36 per year more recent; P=0.02), number of new drugs in the regimen (RH 1.20 per drug; P=0.02), time since start of antiretroviral therapy (RH 0.94 per extra year; P=0.035) and time spent on HAART with viral load >1000 copies/ml (RH 0.96 per extra month; P=0.0001). Analysis of factors associated with CD4 count decline and new AIDS disease also indicated improved outcomes in more recent times and a tendency for a better response in those starting more new drugs, but no relationship with the total number of drugs. Outcomes in people starting salvage regimens appear to depend on the number of new drugs started but not on the total number of drugs being used.

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Rapoport, Alison B., Susan E. Beekmann, Philip M. Polgreen i Christopher F. Rowley. "Injection Drug Use and Infectious Disease Practice: A National Provider Survey". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.810.

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Abstract Background The opioid epidemic has swept across the U.S. at a staggering rate, with an estimated half million to one million persons injecting drugs annually. Rates of hospitalization for injection drug use (IDU)-related infection have risen precipitously, comprising an escalating proportion of infectious diseases provider volume in highly impacted regions. Methods In March 2017, the Emerging Infections Network surveyed their national network of infectious diseases (ID) physicians to evaluate perspectives relating to the care of persons who inject drugs (PWID), including the frequency of, and management strategies for, IDU-related infection, the availability of addiction services, and the evolving role of ID physicians in the management of addiction. Results Over half (53%; N = 672) of 1,276 members with an adult ID practice participated; 78% (n = 526) reported treating PWID. Of 526 respondents, 464 (88%) reported seeing ≥1 patient per month with an IDU-related infection; 228 (43%) reported ≥6 per month. In the past year, 79% of respondents reported the majority of IDU-related infections seen required ≥2 weeks of parenteral therapy and reported frequently encountering skin and soft-tissue infections (61%), bacteremia/fungemia (53%), and endocarditis (50%). Strategies most commonly employed for management of prolonged parenteral antibiotic therapy included: completion of entire course on inpatient unit (by 41%) and transfer to supervised facility for completion (35%). Only 35% of respondents agree/strongly agree their health system offers comprehensive treatment of substance use disorders (N = 181). Though nearly half of respondents felt that ID providers should actively manage substance use disorders (46%; N = 241), only 3% reported being waivered to prescribe buprenorphine for treatment of opioid use disorder. Conclusion The majority of infectious diseases physicians frequently care for PWID with serious infections. There is significant diversity amongst providers with regards to the availability of comprehensive addiction services as well as perceptions regarding the role providers should play in the management of addiction. Guidelines for the management of serious infections and concurrent addiction in the midst of the escalating national opioid crisis should be considered. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Sharova, A. A., N. N. Volevodz i V. A. Peterkova. "Evaluation of the growth-regulating system and use the recombinant growth hormone (genotropin) in children with rheumatic diseases and growth impairments on long-term glucocorticosteroid therapy". Problems of Endocrinology 48, nr 6 (15.12.2002): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl11716.

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The paper presents the results of an investigation of the growth - regulating system (STH - insulin-like growth factor 1 - peripheral tissues) in 39 children with rheumatic diseases on longterm continuous glucocorticosteroid therapy. Of them, 6 patients received recombinant growth hormone (R-GH) (Genotropin) for correction of steroidal growth retardation. Twelve-month r-GH therapy made it possible not only to accelerate growth rates, but contributed to diminished manifestations of drug-induced hypercorticism without exerting a significant impact in the course of the underlying disease.

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