Artykuły w czasopismach: „Motor world”

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INOUE, Akihisa, i Mamoru ISHIDA. "World-smallest Micro-geared Motor". Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 108, nr 1042 (2005): 706–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.108.1042_706.

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Leuthardt, Eric C., Gerwin Schalk, Daniel Moran i Jeffrey G. Ojemann. "THE EMERGING WORLD OF MOTOR NEUROPROSTHETICS". Neurosurgery 59, nr 1 (lipiec 2006): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000243275.01470.c0.

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Rakhymbaev, A. B., R. Zh Kalgulova i M. R. Karipova. "WORLD PRACTICE OF MOTOR VEHICLE TAXATION". Vestnik of M. Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University, nr 4 (56) (10.01.2023): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.54596/2309-6977-2022-4-99-108.

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The tax on vehicles is classified as direct and is credited to local budgets. Its role in the revenues of local budgets of the leading countries of the world is constantly increasing, as the number of vehicles has a constant upward trend. Even with the destruction of transport and logistics chains in the world, the number of cars is growing due to the emergence of new types of vehicles. In the near future, a transport revolution is expected in the world. And this is due not only to the growing use of electric vehicles, but also to the introduction of non-traditional modes of transport into the public sphere.Also, the calculation of transport tax is constantly changing and improving all over the world. In a word, it has a dynamic behavior, unlike, for example, such a tax as the land tax. In this regard, a brief study of the transport taxation of the leading countries should be carried out.

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Anson, Greg, i Mark Latash. "The first world motor control day". Human Movement Science 12, nr 6 (grudzień 1993): 713–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-9457(93)90012-e.

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Pasaribu, Christover. "Analysis Of The Effect Of One Phase Open Stator On The Performance And Temperature Of A Three Phase Induction Motor Cage Rotor". Jurnal Mekintek : Jurnal Mekanikal, Energi, Industri, Dan Teknologi 11, nr 1 (30.04.2020): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/mekintek.v11i1.10.

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Induction motors are alternating current motors that are most often used in the industrial world. Induction motors are used as pumps, compressors, fans, conveyors, and supporting other production propulsion equipment. The use of induction motors in industry is more profitable than DC motors or synchronous motors, one of the advantages is a strong and durable construction and easy maintenance and high efficiency. The problem of one of the open stator phases is one of the problems in the operation of an induction motor. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study in the form of analysis and research in the laboratory to see how the opening of one of the stator phases affects the performance and temperature rise of the induction motor. The test is carried out by overloading the induction motor by 0.5 Nm; 1.0 Nm; 1.5 Nm; 2.0 Nm; 2.5 Nm; 3.0 Nm. From the research conducted, it can be concluded that, among others, the opening of a single stator phase results in greater motor losses and an increase in motor temperature. Motor efficiency is better when the motor is in normal phase condition.

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Abdul-Jabbar, Ali Hussein. "VARIABLE VOLTAGE - FREQUENCY CONTROL OF A SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVEN BY SHEPWM INVERTER". Journal of Engineering 15, nr 2 (1.06.2009): 3572–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2009.02.05.

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Single phase AC induction motors are one of the widely used motors in the world, yet relatively little woke has been done in the applications of power electronic converter to these motors to achieve variable speed operation. When variable speed is required, it is usually achieved either by using auto transformer or by switching between two or more fixed winding configurations. The motor is analyzed as an unbalanced two phase system to determine the torque that can be expected under variable frequency control.The performance of capacitor-run single phase induction motor used in SHEPWM adjustable speed drives in the steady-state is investigated. The supply voltage-frequency law for the motor is selected in such a way as to insure a correct operation of the motor over the whole speed range.

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Agalwe, Rupa S. "Automatic Switching of Three Phase Induction Motor during Fault Condition". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, nr 6 (30.06.2024): 1178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.63284.

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Abstract: Three-Phase Induction Motor Automated Transition in Defective Conditions Maintaining the effective operation of three-phase induction motors is crucial in a variety of industrial contexts. However, malfunctions such as phase inconsistency, voltage drop, and overcurrent can seriously impair motor performance, leading to loss of operation and possible damage. This article introduces an automatic switching method designed to improve the fault-tolerance capacity of induction motors in order to address these issues. The system uses advanced fault detection algorithms to identify abnormal conditions quickly and enable a seamless transition to backup power or other configurations. It also incorporates preventive measures to guard against phase abnormalities and voltage variations that could harm the motor. Through simulation and real-world testing, the suggested system's dependability and effectiveness are confirmed, highlighting its potential to guarantee continuous motor running in industrial applications, a three-phase induction motor must be automatically switched on. A two-motor system a primary motor and a backup motor is shown in this study. If the primary motor fails, the backup motor is automatically turned on. Microcontroller design controls the entire switching process.

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Suthar, Bhivraj. "Design of energy efficient four finger robotic hand". IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) 5, nr 1 (21.01.2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijra.v5i1.pp1-5.

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<span>Future would be the world of robotics. Human arm is the best serial manipulator in the world. End part of manipulator is known as End effector or hand. At the end of serial manipulator we always put gripper just like our hand. Today many mechanisms have been proposed for robotic hand. We proposed a novel mechanical design and we used one motor to operate the gripper mechanism and it consumes less electrical power than other gripper. For energy efficient robot we have to reduce the number of motors and have to look in the mechanical design. In this paper we targeted to make gripper more energy efficient. We used only one motor to operate four fingers symmetrically. Our proposed model has four fingers, each are placed orthogonally to each other. In market, other manufactures use single motor for motion of each finger. Each motor has its own power consumption capacity to manipulate the load on finger. We replaced all four motors with single motor by Geneva mechanism. So electrical power consumption reduced by 1/4th. Energy conservation point of view it is energy efficient system. This paper presents a methodology that has been applied for a design mechanism for energy efficient robotic hand with four fingers. Wide applications of gripper are in automobile industries. Automobile companies are used gripers and serial manipulators in plenty</span>

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Sevos, Jessica, Anne Grosselin, Jacques Pellet, Catherine Massoubre i Denis Brouillet. "Grasping the World: Object-Affordance Effect in Schizophrenia". Schizophrenia Research and Treatment 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/531938.

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For schizophrenic patients, the world can appear as deprived of practical meaning, which normally emerges from sensory-motor experiences. However, no research has yet studied the integration between perception and action in this population. In this study, we hypothesize that patients, after having controlled the integrity of their visuospatial integration, would nevertheless present deficit in sensory-motor simulation. In this view, we compare patients to control subjects using two stimulus-response compatibility (SRC) tasks. Experiment 1 is performed to ensure that visuo-spatial integration is not impaired (Simon Effect). Experiment 2 replicates a study from Tucker and Ellis (1998) to explore the existence of sensory-motor compatibility between stimulus and response (Object Affordance). In control subjects, the SRC effect appears in both experiments. In schizophrenic patients, it appears only when stimuli and responses share the same spatial localization. This loss of automatic sensory-motor simulation could emerge from a lack of relation between the object and the subject’s environment.

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Liu, Xiang, Mian Li i Min Xu. "A new anti-skid control method for electric vehicles using the motor torque and the wheel acceleration with experimental verification". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, nr 3 (5.08.2016): 347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407016639444.

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Driving electric vehicles by electric motors can result in many unique advantages for dynamic control of electric vehicles. With the superior fast and accurate torque control performance of electric motors, electric vehicles, in particular, can achieve higher levels of safety and handling performance. A simple, effective and efficient anti-skid control method specified for electric vehicles is proposed in this paper by considering the real-world resistance factors. This method is developed on the basis of sensing and regulating a newly defined parameter, namely the ratio of the drive motor torque to the angular acceleration of the wheels, both of which can be easily obtained for electric motors. The monotonic relationship between the slip ratio and the ratio of the drive motor torque to the angular acceleration of the wheels is proved under both acceleration conditions and deceleration conditions, by considering the real-world resistance factors. The simulations and the experimental results show that the ratio of the drive motor torque to the angular acceleration of the wheels can be efficiently used, instead of the slip ratio, in anti-skid control. The results indicate that electric vehicles can achieve high-performance vehicle motion control with more flexible and simplified configurations by using in-wheel electric motors.

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van der Heijden, Meike E., Amanda M. Brown i Roy V. Sillitoe. "Motor control: Internalizing your place in the world". Current Biology 31, nr 24 (grudzień 2021): R1576—R1578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.056.

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Green, R. A. "WORLD WIDE TRENDS IN MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSION STANDARDS". Clean Air Journal 8, nr 1 (3.06.1990): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/caj/1990/8/1.7195.

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The emissions front the combustion of fossil fuels are receiving greater attention now that they have for some years. Realisation that the standards designed to control emissions need to be continually reviewed to match the changing industrial environment is leading to much more concern over the issue. Measures which were thought to be sufficient to contain the problem, me now being shown in some cases, to be inadequate. In order to meet the regulations being adopted throughout the world, engine manufacturers and fuel suppliers have been required to devise new technologies. This has led to a greater awareness, in both of these industries, of the effects that new technology can have on ambient air quality. Experiences over many yews in other pans of the M'0dd has provided this county with the opportunity to study the end result of different regulatory standards and their long term effects, and to draw meaningful conclusions when considering the directions which should be taken in order to answer that our future generations do not suffer.

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Disko, Sasha. "“The World Is My Domain”". Transfers 1, nr 3 (1.12.2011): 44–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2011.010304.

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Following Germany's resounding defeat in the First World War, the loss of its status as a colonial power, and the series of severe political and economic upheavals during the interwar years, travel abroad by motor vehicle was one way that Germans sought to renegotiate their place in the world. One important question critical studies of mobility should ask is if technologies of mobility contributed to the construction of cultural inequality, and if so in which ways? Although Germans were not alone in using technology to shore up notions of cultural superiority, the adventure narratives of interwar German motorists, both male and female, expressed aspirations for renewed German power on the global stage, based, in part, on the claimed superiority of German motor vehicle technology.

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Sun, Wangsheng, Haiqing Si, Jingxuan Qiu i Jiayi Li. "Research on Efficiency of Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Adaptive Algorithm of Fuzzy Control". Sustainability 16, nr 3 (1.02.2024): 1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16031253.

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In today’s world, energy is undoubtedly one of the most significant problems. As the global electricity consumption continues to increase, electric motors, which are widely used as power devices, account for an increasingly prominent proportion of the energy consumed. Motors now consume about 45% of the total electricity in the world (60% in China); therefore, improving motor efficiency has become an important way to achieve carbon emission reduction and sustainable development. The aim of this research was to devise a new strategy to reduce CO2 emissions other than by building green power factories, because even the building of green power factories produces a great deal of CO2 emissions, and improving motor efficiency to reduce CO2 emissions could contribute to sustainable development worldwide. However, the improvement of motor efficiency encounters challenges, such as nonlinearity and disturbances, which affect the motor performance and energy efficiency. To address this issue, this paper proposes a control algorithm for permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) that is highly efficient and would be most widely used based on a fuzzy control adaptive forgetting factor. It aims to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of the online parameter estimation for the PMSM flux linkage, thereby achieving more precise and energy-efficient motor control. Firstly, the recursive least-squares parameter estimation algorithm is used to identify the parameters of the PMSM. This ensures that the parameter estimation values can be dynamically updated with data changes, adapting to the time-varying parameters. Secondly, the Padé approximation method is adopted, which is a method that does not depend on the motor hardware, to improve the accuracy of the linearized model of the motor. Finally, a control algorithm based on the fuzzy control adaptive forgetting factor algorithm is constructed on a physical experimental platform. A comparison of these results proves that the control technology under this algorithm provides a new energy-saving control strategy that can estimate the motor flux linkage parameters more accurately, help to reduce energy consumption, promote the use of clean energy, and achieve sustainable performance optimization.

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Soleh, Muhamad, Taryo Taryo i Arifudin Arifudin. "Performance Analysis of 3 Phase Induction Motor Against Loading Using the Power Simulator (PSIM) Application". Mestro: Jurnal Teknik Mesin dan Elektro 4, nr 02 (17.12.2022): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47685/mestro.v5i02.358.

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Three-phase induction motors are the most widely used type of motor in industry, induction motors are widely used as prime movers to turn loads on production machines in the industrial world. The output of a three-phase induction motor is the amount of torque to move the load. If the load torque carried by the three-phase induction motor is greater, then the three-phase induction motor will not rotate. And if the load torque carried by a three-phase induction motor is too small, this is considered excessive. In this analysis the method used by the author is the experimental method of analysis using the Power Simulator application with load data and induction motor data. Based on the analysis, it was found that Istart and Inominal on a 15 kW induction motor have different values according to the torque value used, so the torque value is directly proportional to the Istart value. Meanwhile, Istart induction motors 15 kW 894.324 (15 N.m), 894.149 (25 N.m), 894.159 (60 N.m) and 45 kW induction motors 355.15 (25 N.m), 355.172 (60 N.m), 355.172 (80 N.m) and induction motors 55 kW 337.743 (30N.m), 337.76 (50N.m) and 337.761 (100N.m) Reaches 80% of full speed, torque is at its highest “pull-out torque”) and current starts to fall and is at full speed, or synchronous speed, torque and stator currents drop to zero, it can be concluded that the greater the value of the stator resistance, the smaller the value of the starting current. Keywords: Induction Motor, Torque, PSIM

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Santhosh, K., Khammapati R. Sree Jyothi, D. Anusha, Bhukya Rajkumar, Enuganti Venu i V. Jagadish. "IGBT Based Four Quadrant Chopper Drive Closed Loop Control for DC". E3S Web of Conferences 472 (2024): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202447201009.

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These manuscripts present a closed-loop IGBT-based fourquadrant chopper drive system for DC motors. This paper intends to improve DC motor control’s accuracy, effectiveness, and adaptability in a variety of applications. In this paper, we build and put into practice a closed-loop control system that incorporates IGBT in order to manage the speed and torque of DC motors in both directions. A feedback system with sensors for measuring motor speed and current is used in the closed-loop control scheme to ensure perfect regulation of motor parameters. The IGBT-based chopper drive architecture allows for smooth switching between forward and reverse motor operation as well as dynamic braking, making it appropriate for applications requiring four-quadrant operation. The main benefits of our suggested system are greater motor protection through fault detection and quick responses to external disturbances, improved speed and torque management, and lower energy consumption. We show experimental data that demonstrate our design’s capacity to maintain stable motor functioning across a variety of operating situations, validating its usefulness in real-world applications. The presented system simulation result is verified in MATLAB/Simulink software. The demonstrated results are motor speed, torque, current and voltage.

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Nurmalia, Alif, Widyono Hadi i Widya Cahyadi. "Performance Test of Three-Phase Brushless Direct Current Motor Axial Flux with Differences Diameter of Neodymium Type Permanent Magnet". ELKHA 13, nr 1 (20.04.2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/elkha.v13i1.41693.

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Technology that is growing rapidly and innovations that have sprung up in the electrical field today are driving the use of electricity as a source of energy to do work. Electric motor is one component that is very popular in the industrial world and households that are useful to human life. In addition to DC motors and induction motors, there are also 3 phase brushless direct current (BLDC) motors which are a type of synchronous motor where magnetic fields are produced by rotor and stator at the same frequency. The rotor is a moving part of the brushless direct current motor which is a place of permanent magnet called a pole. This paper discusses the performance of brushless direct current 3 phase axial flux motors with different diameters of neodymium type permanent magnets. Tests carried out using neodymium permanent magnets with diameters of 15mm x 2mm and 20mm x 2mm were tested without using a load and using load. The parameters used in testing motor performance include speed, torque, and motor power with a source voltage of 12V, 16V, 20V, and 24V. The test results shows that the speed value of a BLDC motor using permanent magnets with a size of 20mm x 2mm is greater than that of permanent magnets of 15mm x 2mm. The same thing applies to the value of the power produced while, for the value of torque when the motor uses a permanent magnet of 15mm x 2mm will be greater than that of a motor using a permanent magnet of 20mm x 2mm.

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Krull, Robert. "Documentation for a Physical World". Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 24, nr 2 (kwiecień 1994): 181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/dc2d-k63r-e2n9-uxmn.

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Documentation can be designed specifically to help people perform physical tasks. Research in computing, motor learning and in music and sports instruction suggests that documentation is more effective when it takes into account how people think about physical tasks.

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Negrete-Martínez, J. "A Robotic Brain Scheme: Proposal Originated by a Modular Robotic Control". Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 4, nr 1 (2007): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/560596.

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A robot brain scheme has been implemented, based on and controlled by analog circuits and micro-controllers. The modules have been classified as: (a) world signal processing, (b) world signal relevance assessing, (c) pre-motor decisions, (d) motor behavior, and (e) planning and sequencing motor behaviors. There are two types of pre-motor processing: main and world signal tracking. Motor behavior includes all the final motion units. Each of these five classes roughly corresponds to areas in a vertebrate’s brain and proved to be an effective robotic brain scheme as they assist in the development of greater complexity in robotic brains and a means to compare different implementations. The scheme stresses the importance of motor behavior modules fed by pre-motor decision modules. The pre-motor decision modules aim the movement while the motor behavior module creates the behavior. Finally, the planning and sequencing modules are imperative implementations in a robotic brain.

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Manda, Prashanthi, i Santhosh Kumar Veeramalla. "Brushless DC Motor Modeling and Simulation in the MATLAB/SIMULINK Software Environment". Advances in Modelling and Analysis B 64, nr 1-4 (31.12.2021): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ama_b.641-404.

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The brushless DC motors (BLDCM) are capable of maintaining a constant speed in situations where speed and power are controlled at the same time. This motor, compared to DC motors, is able to generate far more power and simultaneously operate. An open-loop BLDCM output with hardware support and a three-segment method on closed-loop BLDCM were both examined in this study. The research provides a brushless DC motor model that considers the motor's commutation behavior. To make sure that the drive system for BLDC motors works properly, it is important to know the exact torque value, which is based on the back-EMF. The BLDC motor is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink after a basic mathematical model is developed. In open-loop circuits, the intensity may be adjusted by varying the pulse width (or duty), and the motor speed can be increased or decreased by altering the input voltage. Pulse widths and speeds are measured and compared to real-world hardware in this study. This paper presents a comparison of the outcomes of the BLDC motors based on the examination of time responses.

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Vandevoorde, Koenraad, Lukas Vollenkemper, Constanze Schwan, Martin Kohlhase i Wolfram Schenck. "Using Artificial Intelligence for Assistance Systems to Bring Motor Learning Principles into Real World Motor Tasks". Sensors 22, nr 7 (23.03.2022): 2481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072481.

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Humans learn movements naturally, but it takes a lot of time and training to achieve expert performance in motor skills. In this review, we show how modern technologies can support people in learning new motor skills. First, we introduce important concepts in motor control, motor learning and motor skill learning. We also give an overview about the rapid expansion of machine learning algorithms and sensor technologies for human motion analysis. The integration between motor learning principles, machine learning algorithms and recent sensor technologies has the potential to develop AI-guided assistance systems for motor skill training. We give our perspective on this integration of different fields to transition from motor learning research in laboratory settings to real world environments and real world motor tasks and propose a stepwise approach to facilitate this transition.

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Patabo, Muchdar, Hatanael Bijang, Dostenny Kantohe, Wellem Enoch, Jeriko Najoan i Heartyara Sibuea. "Design of Star Delta Control Circuit Work System on 3 Phase Electric Motor". Jurnal Impresi Indonesia 3, nr 5 (30.05.2024): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.58344/jii.v3i5.4854.

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Induction motors are one of the main components in the industrial world because they have several significant advantages. These advantages include a more economical price compared to other types of electric motors, relatively lighter weight, and simple construction that facilitates the maintenance process and reduces overall maintenance costs. The purpose of this research is to reduce the surge in electric current when the motor is started and increase energy efficiency. One method commonly applied in the use of induction motors is the star-delta configuration. This configuration is used primarily to save energy by reducing the energy consumption associated with high starting currents in induction motors. The star-delta method changes the motor winding connections from star to delta configuration when the motor reaches a certain speed, thereby reducing the starting current to one-third of what it would be under direct-on-line conditions. This greatly helps in reducing the stress on the power system, as well as increasing the operational life of the motor. The system has also proven to be compliant with industrial safety regulations. In this project, it can be concluded that the star delta circuit functions when pressing the star button, the motor will move slowly. Then when pressing the delta button, this circuit also has 3 buttons namely star, delta and off.

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Dutta, Rukmi. "Maximising energy efficiency with electric motors". Open Access Government 39, nr 1 (10.07.2023): 554–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-039-10891.

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Maximising energy efficiency with electric motors Rukmi Dutta from the University of New South Wales discusses the mechanisms and efficiency potential of electric motor systems, looking at how electric motors work, efficiency and losses and improving overall system efficiency for electric motors. Increased industrial activities in developing economies like India, China, and many others will push the use of motors even further. Electrical motors are the powerhouse of the industrial world, she explains, discussing efficiently converting electrical energy into mechanical power. Many critical sectors use electrical motors, including industrial, commercial, residential, agricultural and transport. The worldwide growth of electrical motor-driven systems is predicted to double by 2040. Overall, UNSW Sydney’s Electrical Machines and Drive Systems research team is at the forefront and contributes to developing novel, highly efficient motors and drives suitable for many applications.

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Leuthardt, Eric C., Gerwin Schalk, Daniel Moran i Jeffrey G. Ojemann. "The Emerging World Of Motor Neuroprosthetics: a Neurosurgical Perspective". Neurosurgery 59, nr 1 (1.07.2006): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000221506.06947.ac.

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Hazara, Murtaza, i Ville Kyrki. "Transferring Generalizable Motor Primitives From Simulation to Real World". IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 4, nr 2 (kwiecień 2019): 2172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lra.2019.2900768.

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Cofaigh, Éamon Ó. "Motor Sport in France: Testing-ground for the World". International Journal of the History of Sport 28, nr 2 (25.01.2011): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2011.537909.

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Reyes Severiano, Yesenia, Jesús Aguayo Alquicira, Susana Estefany De León Aldaco i Luis Mauricio Carrillo Santos. "Comparative analysis of PD-PWM technique in the set: Multilevel Inverter-Induction motor". Ingeniería Investigación y Tecnología 21, nr 1 (1.01.2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fi.25940732e.2020.21n1.007.

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Currently, induction motors are widely used in industry because have a high potential for the efficiency improvement. Therefore, a topic of interest to the industry is to reduce the energy consumption of induction motors, as they represent almost half of the total electrical energy consumption in the world. The energy consumption of electric motors can be reduced by using motors that are more efficient and by using power converters to feed the motors, thereby enabling accurate control according to the load. The function of the power converter is to modify the intrinsic characteristics of the induction motor (speed and torque). There are different topologies of the power converter commonly called inverter for induction motors. An inverter requires a modulation strategy for its operation, there are several modulation strategies that are used in the induction converter-motor assembly. This paper presents the comparative analysis of the influence of the phase disposition modulation (PD-PWM) strategy with different modulation indices, on parameters related to the output signal of a seven-level cascaded multilevel inverter as well as on the nominal working conditions of a three-phase induction motor.

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Kong, Weikang, Jixin Wang, Dewen Kong, Yuanying Cong i Shuangshi Feng. "Motor shifting and torque distribution control of a multi-motor driving system in electric construction vehicles". Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, nr 6 (czerwiec 2021): 168781402110284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211028446.

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With the rapid development of the world economic construction and the shortage of energy, it has become a hot research issue to realize the electrification of the vehicle driving system and improve energy efficiency. Most of the electric construction machinery power systems are characterized by low speed and high load. The coordinated driving of multiple motors can increase the output torque and improve the transmission efficiency of the machine on the basis of a compact layout. A novel configuration of electric construction vehicles based on multi-motor and single-speed and its driving torque distribution control method is presented in this paper. The detailed mathematical model is established and the simulation analysis is carried out based on it. The results show that the proposed multi-motor driving system with the control strategy can improve the overall efficiency in the condition of ensuring the driving force when the parameter matching and motors choosing reasonably.

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Haar, Shlomi, Guhan Sundar i A. Aldo Faisal. "Embodied virtual reality for the study of real-world motor learning". PLOS ONE 16, nr 1 (27.01.2021): e0245717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245717.

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Motor-learning literature focuses on simple laboratory-tasks due to their controlled manner and the ease to apply manipulations to induce learning and adaptation. Recently, we introduced a billiards paradigm and demonstrated the feasibility of real-world-neuroscience using wearables for naturalistic full-body motion-tracking and mobile-brain-imaging. Here we developed an embodied virtual-reality (VR) environment to our real-world billiards paradigm, which allows to control the visual feedback for this complex real-world task, while maintaining sense of embodiment. The setup was validated by comparing real-world ball trajectories with the trajectories of the virtual balls, calculated by the physics engine. We then ran our short-term motor learning protocol in the embodied VR. Subjects played billiard shots when they held the physical cue and hit a physical ball on the table while seeing it all in VR. We found comparable short-term motor learning trends in the embodied VR to those we previously reported in the physical real-world task. Embodied VR can be used for learning real-world tasks in a highly controlled environment which enables applying visual manipulations, common in laboratory-tasks and rehabilitation, to a real-world full-body task. Embodied VR enables to manipulate feedback and apply perturbations to isolate and assess interactions between specific motor-learning components, thus enabling addressing the current questions of motor-learning in real-world tasks. Such a setup can potentially be used for rehabilitation, where VR is gaining popularity but the transfer to the real-world is currently limited, presumably, due to the lack of embodiment.

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Hadi Saputro, Teguh, Fiqqih Faizah i Lady Silk Moonlight. "DESIGN OF CONTROL AND MONITORING OF BRUSHLESS DIRECT CURRENT (BLDC) MOTOR ON CONVEYOR USING BLUETOOTH BASED ON STM 32". Proceeding of International Conference of Advance Transportation, Engineering, and Applied Social Science 2, nr 1 (8.11.2023): 954–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46491/icateas.v2i1.1766.

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DC motors are one of the most popular motors used in the industrial world. In operation, DC motors use a direct current (DC) source. In its application, the BLDC motor is combined with a method to make it easier to control the BLDC motor to match what is desired, one example is the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) method, which is a control consisting of a standard configuration of Kp, Ki, and Kd whose values are determined in order to get the desired result or speed, namely speed with good stability with a small error rate and overshoot. The control system for the BLDC stepper motor nema 17 on the conveyor uses the STM32 Nucleo F030R8 module as a microcontroller and the HC-05 bluetooth module as a remote control interface on the conveyor motor. To send commands from the microcontroller to the motor, a driver is needed which is used as a data receiver and control setting from the microcontroller, namely the L298N motor driver. The monitoring system on the miniature conveyor uses an LM393 speed sensor as a stepper motor rotation speed reader and an INA219 sensor as a current and voltage reader. Sensor readings will be processed on the microcontroller and the results will be displayed on the 1.3-inch LCD screen that has been installed. In this study, it is still in prototype form, so the miniature conveyor cannot receive too heavy a load. The load is adjusted to the torque capacity of the BLDC stepper motor used, which is 0.36 N.m. In other words, the maximum miniature conveyor receives a load with a stable speed of less than or equal to 2 kg, because the load on the conveyor belt will affect the speed of the BLDC motor. With this research, it is hoped that it can be a lesson about control and monitoring systems on BLDC motors. The maximum Bluetooth range is 9 meters.

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Głowacz, A., i Z. Głowacz. "Recognition of rotor damages in a DC motor using acoustic signals". Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 65, nr 2 (1.04.2017): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2017-0023.

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AbstractDiagnosis of electrical direct current motors is essential for industrial plants. The emphasis is put on the development of diagnostic methods of solutions for capturing, processing and recognition of diagnostic signals. This paper presents a technique of early fault diagnosis of a DC motor. The proposed approach is based on acoustic signals. A real-world data of the DC motor were used in the analysis. The work provides an original feature extraction method called the shortened method of frequencies selection (SMoFS-15). The obtained results of the presented analysis show that the early fault diagnostic method can be used for monitoring electrical DC motors. The proposed method can also support other fault diagnosis methods based on thermal, current, and vibration signals.

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Setiawan, Muhammad Aldo, Herlambang Setiadi, Rodik Wahyu Indrawan i Rizki Putra Prastio. "Speed Controller Design using Hybrid Differential Evolution Algorithm-Particle Swarm Optimization for PSMS". Journal of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline 1, nr 1 (31.05.2022): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jatm.v1i1.39764.

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The use of engines that motorized the world based on fossil fuel sources has led to many problems, such as air pollution, energy security, global warming, and climate change. To prevent further damage reducing the application of fossil fuel as a source of the motor is crucial. Hence, utilizing an electric motor could be the solution to reduce the application of motors based on fossil fuel. Among the number of electric motors, permanent magnet synchronous motor (PSMS) is becoming more popular due to their efficiency. However, the challenge here is how to design the controller of PSMS, especially the speed controller. Hence, this paper proposed a design of a speed controller of PSMS using a PI controller. The hybrid differential evolution algorithm-particle swarm optimization (DEA-PSO) is used to optimize the PI controller for better performance. From the simulation result, it is found that the proposed method can enhance the performance of PSMS.

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Silveyra, Josefina M., Enzo Ferrara, Dale L. Huber i Todd C. Monson. "Soft magnetic materials for a sustainable and electrified world". Science 362, nr 6413 (25.10.2018): eaao0195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aao0195.

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Soft magnetic materials are key to the efficient operation of the next generation of power electronics and electrical machines (motors and generators). Many new materials have been introduced since Michael Faraday’s discovery of magnetic induction, when iron was the only option. However, as wide bandgap semiconductor devices become more common in both power electronics and motor controllers, there is an urgent need to further improve soft magnetic materials. These improvements will be necessary to realize the full potential in efficiency, size, weight, and power of high-frequency power electronics and high–rotational speed electrical machines. Here we provide an introduction to the field of soft magnetic materials and their implementation in power electronics and electrical machines. Additionally, we review the most promising choices available today and describe emerging approaches to create even better soft magnetic materials.

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Huang, Zirui, Henry (Hap) Davis IV, Annemarie Wolff i Georg Northoff. "Thalamo-Sensorimotor Functional Connectivity Correlates with World Ranking of Olympic, Elite, and High Performance Athletes". Neural Plasticity 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1473783.

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Brain plasticity studies have shown functional reorganization in participants with outstanding motor expertise. Little is known about neural plasticity associated with exceptionally long motor training or of its predictive value for motor performance excellence. The present study utilised resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in a unique sample of world-class athletes: Olympic, elite, and internationally ranked swimmers (n=30). Their world ranking ranged from 1st to 250th: each had prepared for participation in the Olympic Games. Combining rs-fMRI graph-theoretical and seed-based functional connectivity analyses, it was discovered that the thalamus has its strongest connections with the sensorimotor network in elite swimmers with the highest world rankings (career best rank: 1–35). Strikingly, thalamo-sensorimotor functional connections were highly correlated with the swimmers’ motor performance excellence, that is, accounting for 41% of the individual variance in best world ranking. Our findings shed light on neural correlates of long-term athletic performance involving thalamo-sensorimotor functional circuits.

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Svitlana, GALKO, i OSIIEVSKA Valentyna. "EXPORT-IMPORT POTENTIAL OF THE MOTOR BOAT MARKET OF UKRAINE". INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL JOURNAL "COMMODITIES AND MARKETS" 36, nr 4 (10.12.2020): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/tr.knute.2020(36)03.

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Background. The economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed most popular products in the global market among consumers, in particular those for spending leisure time alone. Among them, surprisingly, motor boats were found. In Ukraine, increasing the production of certain types of watercraft may be a chance to save the entire shipbuilding industry. The aim of the article is to analyse the state and the structure of the world and domestic markets of motor boats in order to establish possible directions for the development of the export potential of Ukraine. Materials and methods. The methods of logical analysis and generalization of scientific literature, statistical data on the export and import of goods were used; the tools of market analysis of the International Trade Centre (ITC) were applied. Results. The state of the motor boats world market is analysed according to import data. The main consumers of these motor boats and trends of theirs changes in 2005–2019 were studied. The data on the motor boats import to Ukraine is provided. The countries-exporters of motor boats are considered and their future potential is determined. The data on the motor boats export from Ukraine is given. The level of tariff protection by different countries of the world in relation to motor boats from Ukraine is assessed. Conclusion. When planning a strategy for the development of motor boats export, Ukrainian enterprises should take into account that most of the importing countries of motor boats do not impose tariff protection in relation to Ukraine, and where it is present at a sufficiently high level, there is no significant consumption of motor boats. For the development of a trade partnership in the direction of exporting motor boats, Ukraine should choose the Cayman Islands, the Netherlands, Malta, the United States of America, the British Virgin Islands, France, Gibraltar, Spain, Canada and the Seychelles –the largest consumers of motor boats. Ukraine needs to pay special attention to the Netherlands, Italy and Germany – countries that will hold the leading exporters position of motor boats for a long time. Cooperation with manufacturers of these countries in the global supply chain of motor boats to the world market could be very useful not only for motor boat manufacturers, but also for manufacturers of individual parts and accessoriesfor motor boats.

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Deep Prakash Singh, Et al. "Evaluation of Bearing Fault Detection on Different _K-Folds using Deep Learning Ensemble Models". International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, nr 9 (30.10.2023): 1395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i9.9104.

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One of the most crucial parts of contemporary machinery and industrial equipment is the induction motor. Therefore, it is essential to create a fault diagnosis system that can identify induction motor problems and operating circumstances before they become serious. In this study, an induction motor's defect diagnosis is carried out in three different states, including normal, rotor fault, and bearing fault. The suggested fault diagnostic system is also described, along with a GUI. The experimental findings support the suitability of the suggested approach for rotor and bearing defects in induction motor diagnosis. A GUI for defect diagnostics was also created and used in a real-world setting. We have used Chi-Square method for high score attributes values. For the normal, rotor fault, and bearing fault states of induction motors identified by DBN, CNN, SNN, SVM and RF respectively, the fault detection system's accuracy in the actual world. In the experiment, we find Algorithms model-II, K-Folds (5, 10 & 15) , Accuracy (%), Training loss, Validation loss value for RF-SVM-CNN are 89.2, 0.260013, 0.304936 for k fold 5, 98.4, 0.155960, 0.154133 for k-fold 10 and 98.3, 0.155759, 0.144127 for k- fold 15 respectively.

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Maghfiroh, Hari, Arthur Joshua Titus, Augustinus Sujono, Feri Adriyanto i Joko Slamet Saputro. "Induction Motor Torque Measurement using Prony Brake System and Close-loop Speed Control". International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems 2, nr 3 (10.09.2022): 594–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.31763/ijrcs.v2i3.782.

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Three-phase induction motors are the main drivers of the industrial world because of their low price and good reliability. However, this type of motor does not have built-in speed control. These problems can be overcome by utilizing the Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) inverter. This research investigates the induction motor's characteristics in every load condition and combines a VFD inverter with an external speed controller based on Arduino. The motor is mounted on a Prony brake testbed frame to measure the motor's torque and mechanical power. The test results show the highest torque value obtained is 0.57 Nm, and the highest output power value is 0.042 kW. The motor cannot maintain the setpoint speed after loading in the open-loop control system. Meanwhile, the closed-loop control system has been successfully implemented, and the motor can return the speed to the setpoint value after loading, with an average settling time of 14.67 seconds.

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Do, NY, TA Le i XC Ngo. "Effect of Permanent Magnet Structure on The Performance of LSPMSM with a Power of 22 kW and 3000 rpm". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1111, nr 1 (1.12.2022): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1111/1/012047.

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Abstract Energy efficiency and sustainability are important goals for countries all over the world. With the advancement of material technology, many new generations of high-efficiency motors are being researched and developed to replace induction motors (IM) to save energy. Line-start permanent-magnet synchronous motors (LSPMSM) are high-performance and ultra-high-performance motors that are emerging as an alternative to squirrel-rotor induction motors. Constructing the permanent magnets in the rotor is critically important in ensuring LSPMSM performance. The study uses the finite element method to analyze the characteristics of the motor. The study presented the influence of the permanent magnet structure in the rotor of the LSPMSM with a power of 22 kW and a speed of 3000 rpm on the electromagnetic field distribution in the motor, as well as the motor’s working characteristics to optimize the permanent magnet structure to optimize the performance of the LSPMSM. The analysis results show that the proposed LSPMSM has a 92.6% higher efficiency than the same-type induction motor. This is a suitable replacement for high-power and high-speed IM, which contributes to energy efficiency, so using fewer fossil fuels to reduce environmental impact is a sustainable development solution.

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Sianaga, Anastasya H. B. K., Jhoni Hidayat i Ayu Fitriani. "Analisis Pengontrolan Water Treatment Bandara Djalaluddin Menggunakan Sistem Kerja Star Delta". MASALIQ 4, nr 3 (29.03.2024): 552–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.58578/masaliq.v4i3.2847.

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In knowing how efficient the use of the Star Delta circuit is, the need for a circuit on a 3 Phase motor and how to apply the circuit to a 3 Phase water pump motor. The research was conducted at Gorontalo Djalaluddin Airport which is located in Isimu Sel, Tolotio, Tibawa District, Gorontalo Regency, Gorontalo, Indonesia. The research was carried out using data collection methods. An example of the application of a star delta circuit to a water pump motor. An electric motor is included in the category of dynamic electric machines and is an electromagnetic device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Electric motors in the industrial world are often referred to as the industrial "work horse" because it is estimated that in an industry the average electricity consumption for electric motors is around 65-70% of the total electrical load in the industry. Three-phase electric motors have initial current characteristics that are 5 to 7 times the nominal current of the electric motor itself, but can be overcome by a star (Y) - triangle (Δ) starting system. The aim of this study was to examine how the triangular (Δ) star (Y) starting system works for 3 phase induction motors. The methods used include literature studies, collection of tools and materials, design, tool testing and data collection. From the results of testing the triangular (Y) star starting system (Δ) effectively suppresses the high starting current of the electric motor operation with the value of the measurement results of electric current using a star connection (Y) in the R phase of 0.6 A, the S phase of 0.8 A and the T phase of 0.6 A. And using a triangular relationship (Δ) in the R phase of 7.5 A, the S phase of 8.5 A and the T phase of 8.3 A.

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Hoerauf, Robert. "Unexpected Changes to Motor Protection: A Real-World Industrial Scenario". IEEE Industry Applications Magazine 18, nr 6 (listopad 2012): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mias.2012.2209465.

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Trewin, Shari, Mark Laff, Vicki Hanson i Anna Cavender. "Exploring Visual and Motor Accessibility in Navigating a Virtual World". ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing 2, nr 2 (czerwiec 2009): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1530064.1530069.

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Zaini, Z., i Lidwina Natasha Chendra. "Monitoring for Temperature of Three Phase Induction Motor at Chemical Industry Using Internet of Things". International Journal of Application on Sciences, Technology and Engineering 1, nr 1 (28.02.2023): 140–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/ijaste.v1.i1.140-162.

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Induction motor is the most motor applicable in the world. especially three phase induction motor. Furthermore 95% of induction motor are used as propulsion in industry. However, maintenance costs are large enough more than 50% of operating costs of the industry or the factory. To reduce these costs is to detect early faults in induction motors. One way to detect initial faults is to measure and analyze the temperature of the induction motor. In this research, the authors design temperature monitoring of a three-phase induction motor using the internet of things to make it easier for users to monitor the temperature of an existing three-phase induction motor and to schedule maintenance if temperature reach the operating limit. The field system elements consist of SoC ESP32 to collect data from 2D temperature, to drive lead screw and to send data to cloud. The SoC ESP 32 is connected to the AMG8833 temperature sensor array which collect the frame of temperature of a three-phase induction motor in the form of an 8x8 array. In addition, the SoC ESP32 is also connected to the motor driver L293D to regulate the movement of geared DC motor. Geared DC motor is used to drive the lead screw which already has a mount for placing the AMG8833. From the test on 18.5 kW, 360V induction motor installed in chemical industry, it is obtained the sensor can measure temperature accurately and it travel smoothly above frame. In the storage using MongoDB database, the data transmission fulfilled the QoS requirement.

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Khasanah, Ulfatun, Supari Supari i Sri Heranurweni. "SIMULASI PENGATURAN KECEPATAN MOTOR INDUKSI 3 PHASA DENGAN DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL MENGGUNAKAN MATLAB". eLEKTRIKA 9, nr 1 (4.12.2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/elektrika.v9i1.1109.

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Induction motors are widely used in the industrial world because they have many advantages, including construction that is very simple and strong, cheap, has high efficiency, quite good power factor, and maintenance is easier. Besides the advantages of induction motors also have weaknesses, one of the disadvantages of an induction motor is not being able to maintain its speed constantly if there is a change in load. If there is a change in load, the speed of the induction motor will decrease. One method of regulating the speed of an induction motor developed in addition to vector control is the Direct Torque Control (DTC) method. The DTC control technique allows direct and separate flux and torque settings and can be done without using a speed sensor. The estimated rotor rotation, torque and flux is carried out by the DTC which is inputted with stator voltage and current. To achieve the desired flux and torque estimation is used as feedback on the control system. In this final assignment, the speed regulation of the induction motor will be simulated using the DTC method using Matlab. The results obtained through the simulation show the length of time to reach the reference speed for speeds of 500rpm and 1000 rpm is around 0.5 seconds. Keywords : Induction motor, Direct Torque Control, Matlab.

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Faizal, Ahmad Ahmad, Agustiawan Agus, Nanda Putri Miefthawati, Mulyono Mulyono, Rudy Kurniawan, Elfira Safitri, Corry Corazon Marzuki i Rahmadeni Rahmadeni. "Direct Torque Control (DTC) Design With Fuzzy Sugeno-Proportional Derivative for 3-Phase Induction Motor Speed Control". Jurnal Ecotipe (Electronic, Control, Telecommunication, Information, and Power Engineering) 10, nr 1 (21.04.2023): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/jurnalecotipe.v10i1.3925.

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In general, in the industrial world, induction motors are more widely used than direct current motors, due to the characteristics of induction motors that are sturdy, reliable, easy to maintain, and relatively inexpensive. The phenomenon of changing rotational speed when the load changes results in regulation of the speed of the induction motor, which risks slow response time, there is overshoot which should still be minimized, and there are disturbances caused by external environmental factors, so that a controller is needed that is able to work effectively to optimize performance. 3 phase induction motor. The purpose of this study is to design a sugeno-PD fuzzy DTC controller, where the DTC provides a fast and strong response mounted on an AC motor. Fuzzy Sugeno provides a short calculation time and its reasoning includes wide enough data and PD to speed up the response time results. So that the proposed method produces an induction motor rotating speed according to the given setpoint of 100 rad/s with a settling time of 0.45 seconds, a rise time of 0.2 seconds and no steady state error. From the state of the plan output response before being given the controller there is a steady state error of 5 rad/s, a maximum overshoot of 5.4111%, a settling time of 0.1554 seconds and a rise time of 0.1554 seconds

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Faishal Rachman, Faishal, i Reni Rahmadewi. "MODUL LATIH INVERTER SEBAGAI KENDALI KECEPATAN MOTOR INDUKSI MENGGUNAKAN HMI BERBASIS PLC". Aisyah Journal Of Informatics and Electrical Engineering (A.J.I.E.E) 5, nr 2 (22.08.2023): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30604/jti.v5i2.209.

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In the industrial world, we have definitely met with induction motors, both 1-phase and 3-phase voltage sources. Induction motors are widely used today, because they have simple construction, are inexpensive, relatively light, have high efficiency and are easy to maintain compared to DC motors. However, in terms of adjusting the speed and torque of this motor is not an easy problem, with the development of technology, this can be overcome by using an inverter. The inverter used is a Variable Speed Drive (VSD) Inverter type. This inverter can convert and regulate 3 phase voltage sources between 0 – 60 Hz depending on the specifications of the inverter used. In this study the ladder diagram program was designed using TIA Portal V15.1 on a Programable Logic Controller (PLC) which is used to control the speed of a 3 phase induction motor through the Human Machine Interface (HMI) which is connected to the inverter. The controlled frequency is 0 – 50 Hz and the resulting rotation is 0 – 1400 rpm. The greater the frequency data that is set, the speed of the induction motor will be faster.

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Verghese, Joe. "MOTOR PATHWAYS TO DEMENTIA". Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (1.12.2023): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.0934.

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Abstract Emerging evidence indicates that non-cognitive manifestations such as gait impairments occur early during dementia. The Motoric Cognitive Risk (MCR) is a pre-dementia syndrome characterized by slow gait and cognitive complaints. MCR is a simple and easily accessible clinical dementia risk assay that does not require cognitive testing. MCR has incremental predictive validity for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias over its individual cognitive and motoric components. Recent studies from across the world have helped to elucidate the epidemiology, biology, and brain substrates of MCR; paving the way for future interventions to prevent progression to dementia.

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Virsu, Veijo, i Simo Vanni. "Perceptions as hypotheses of the outside world". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, nr 5 (październik 2001): 1009–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01620119.

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Perceptual phenomena reviewed by O'Regan & Noë (O&N) cannot be explained by bottom-up activity alone, but conventional interpretations suffice if perceptions are seen as activations of memory models of the outside world and its events. Motor involvement is necessary only during the phylogenetic and ontogenetic development of perceptual mechanisms.

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Rachmat Ah Ro Ufun, Bima, Iradiratu Diah Prahmana Karyatanti i Belly Yan Dewantara. "Detection of Stator Winding Short Circuit Faults Through Magnetic Fields In Induction Motors". JEEE-U (Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering-UMSIDA) 5, nr 1 (2.04.2021): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jeeeu.v5i1.1281.

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In applications in the industrial world, the use of induction motors has been widely used in operation because induction motors have many advantages, although they have many advantages, induction motors themselves also have disadvantages, namely having high starting currents. In many cases the damage to the induction motor, the damage to the stator due to a short circuit, is a frequent failure, this damage can cause considerable losses because the motor can stop operation So this research will discuss about the detection of short circuit faults in the stator winding through leaky flux using a flux sensor that is placed outside the motor and placed radially and using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method. Damage to the short circuit is done by reconstructing the stator winding of the induction motor. There are two variations of short circuit damage, namely short circuit winding 1 to winding 3 and short circuit winding 2 to winding 10 on an induction motor. The short circuit data is then processed using the Fast Fourier Transform method which produces data in the form of voltage to frequency. The results of the percentage of success of short circuit fault detection seen from the loaders have an average percentage of 50%, at no load conditions can detect short circuit faults by 100%. In conditions of short circuit interruption 1-3 has a success percentage of 30% and short circuit fault 2-10 by 70%. The existence of this system is expected to be able to anticipate any damage that can cause considerable and fatal losses.

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Asyruni Multahada, Pingky Melaty, Heni Apriyani i Tris Andriani. "PENGEMBANGAN MOTORIK KASAR ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI PERMAINAN KREATIF". PrimEarly : Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Dasar dan Anak Usia Dini 5, nr 1 (20.06.2022): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37567/prymerly.v5i1.1248.

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One of the abilities of children who are developing at an early age is motor skills. Aspects of motor development is one aspect of development that can integrate the development of other aspects. Motor development in children has a very important role. The child's inability to perform physical movements will foster a sense of insecurity. One aspect of motor development that needs to be considered is the aspect of gross motor development in children. The problem of obesity is high enough to appear in early childhood. This happens due to the lack of physical activity carried out by children. Therefore, we need some activities that stimulate movement activity in children. Fun movement activities can be done through creative games because the world of children is the world of play. Playing creative games is a very important activity to stimulate children's gross motor growth and development, because playing is a source of learning for children. Therefore, teachers need to apply creative games that vary every day.

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Speer, Nicole K., Jeremy R. Reynolds, Khena M. Swallow i Jeffrey M. Zacks. "Reading Stories Activates Neural Representations of Visual and Motor Experiences". Psychological Science 20, nr 8 (sierpień 2009): 989–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02397.x.

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To understand and remember stories, readers integrate their knowledge of the world with information in the text. Here we present functional neuroimaging evidence that neural systems track changes in the situation described by a story. Different brain regions track different aspects of a story, such as a character's physical location or current goals. Some of these regions mirror those involved when people perform, imagine, or observe similar real-world activities. These results support the view that readers understand a story by simulating the events in the story world and updating their simulation when features of that world change.

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