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Lavelle, Barbara M., i barbara lavelle@deakin edu au. "complexity, age and motor competence effects on fine motor kinematics". Deakin University. School of Health Sciences, 2002. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20061207.122512.
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Prehension is a fundamental skill usually performed as part of a complex action sequence in everyday tasks. Using an information processing framework, these studies examined the effects of task complexity, defined by the number of component movement elements (MEs), on performance of prehension tasks. Of interest was how motor control and organisation might be influenced by age and/or motor competence. Three studies and two longitudinal case studies examined kinematic characteristics of prehension tasks involving one-, two- and three-MEs: reach and grasp (low-complexity); reach, grasp and object placement (moderate-complexity); and reach, grasp and double placement of object (high-complexity).
A pilot study established the suitability of tasks and procedures for children aged 5-, 8- and 11-years and showed that responses to task complexity and object size manipulations were sensitive to developmental changes, with increasing age associated with faster movements. Study 2 explored complexity and age effects further for children aged 6- and 11-years and adults. Increasing age was associated with shorter and less variable movement times (MTs) and proportional deceleration phases (%DTs) across all MEs. Task complexity had no effect on simple reaction time (SRT), suggesting that there may be little preprogramming of movements beyond the first ME. In addition, MT was longer and more on-line corrections were evident for the high- compared to the moderate-complexity task for ME1. Task complexity had a greater influence on movements in ME2 and ME3 than ME1. Adults, but not children, showed task specific adaptations in ME2.
Study 3 examined performance of children with different levels of motor competence aged between 5- and 10-years. Increasing age was associated with shorter SRTs, and MTs for ME1 only. A decrease in motor competence was associated with greater difficulty in planning and controlling movements as indicated by longer SRTs, higher %DTs and more on-line corrections, especially in ME2. Task complexity affected movements in all MEs, with a greater influence on ME1 compared to Study 2. Findings also indicated that performance in MEs following prehension may be especially sensitive to motor competence effects on movement characteristics. Case studies for two children at risk of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) revealed two different patterns of performance change over a 16-17 month period, highlighting the heterogeneous nature of DCD. Overall, findings highlighted age-related differences, and the role of motor competence, in the ability to adapt movements to task specific requirements. Results are useful in guiding movement education programmes for children with both age-appropriate and lower levels of motor competence.
2
Yang, Jeng-Feng. "Motor learning and adaptation the role of motor abundance /". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 216 p, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3247585.
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Paradisi, Francesco <1983>. "Motor Ability Assessment in Lower-Limb Amputees". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7669/1/Paradisi_Francesco_Tesi.pdf.
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This work investigates the necessary aspects for the motor ability assessment in persons with lower-limb amputation, following the evaluation approaches suggested by the World Health Organization. In the specific case of the lower-limb amputee patient, the assessement can be articulated on two different levels: a first general, concerning the motor ability and quality of life as a function of that (level of independence), and a second local one, concerning the specificity of each single prosthetic module which composes the entire prosthetic chain, in the relationship with the user's motor function.
The general purpose is therefore to provide fact-finding and operational tools in order to identify an accurate and reliable methodology for the motor ability assessment of prosthetized lower-limb amputees, both during gait and stereotypic locomotor tasks. This methodology is intended to constitute a valid and conventionally recognized reference for the amputee rehabilitation team, both for the functional patient assessment and for the technical-clinical evaluation of the prosthetic modules used. The perspective purpose is to verify the extractability of parameters particulary sensitive to the variability of clinical aspects related to the the lower-limb amputee motor ability, that can therefore be measured by a simple, low cost, wearable instrumentation, making them intelligible and useful to the clinical team and exportable in a remote supervision context.
The main aims of the present thesis can be summarized in:
1. Identification of parameters of evaluation sensitive to the motor ability changes in lower-limb amputee subjects;
2. Definition of experimental methodological protocols ad hoc for the functional evaluation of the subject and for the appropriateness of the single prosthetic components.
The research activity of the present thesis has been oriented on different works, each of which presents various peculiar aspects for the identification of specific indices for the assessment of the lower-limb amputee’s motor ability.
4
Paradisi, Francesco <1983>. "Motor Ability Assessment in Lower-Limb Amputees". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7669/.
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This work investigates the necessary aspects for the motor ability assessment in persons with lower-limb amputation, following the evaluation approaches suggested by the World Health Organization. In the specific case of the lower-limb amputee patient, the assessement can be articulated on two different levels: a first general, concerning the motor ability and quality of life as a function of that (level of independence), and a second local one, concerning the specificity of each single prosthetic module which composes the entire prosthetic chain, in the relationship with the user's motor function.
The general purpose is therefore to provide fact-finding and operational tools in order to identify an accurate and reliable methodology for the motor ability assessment of prosthetized lower-limb amputees, both during gait and stereotypic locomotor tasks. This methodology is intended to constitute a valid and conventionally recognized reference for the amputee rehabilitation team, both for the functional patient assessment and for the technical-clinical evaluation of the prosthetic modules used. The perspective purpose is to verify the extractability of parameters particulary sensitive to the variability of clinical aspects related to the the lower-limb amputee motor ability, that can therefore be measured by a simple, low cost, wearable instrumentation, making them intelligible and useful to the clinical team and exportable in a remote supervision context.
The main aims of the present thesis can be summarized in:
1. Identification of parameters of evaluation sensitive to the motor ability changes in lower-limb amputee subjects;
2. Definition of experimental methodological protocols ad hoc for the functional evaluation of the subject and for the appropriateness of the single prosthetic components.
The research activity of the present thesis has been oriented on different works, each of which presents various peculiar aspects for the identification of specific indices for the assessment of the lower-limb amputee’s motor ability.
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Patterson, Jae Todd Lee Timothy Donald. "The impact of effortful practice in learning a task of varying degrees of cognitive and motor complexity /". *McMaster only, 2004.
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Downey, Margaret J. "Effects of observer's experience and skill level on learning and performance in motor skill modeling". Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70288.
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Expertise effects on response acquisition (learning) and performance reproduction (performance) (Bandura, 1986) in dance observational learning were investigated. Over an acquisition period, forty university students with varied movement backgrounds observed dance demonstrations, arranged still photos to represent the dances, and performed each dance. Learning was assessed via a pictorial-resequencing task. Dance performance accuracy and quality were evaluated via detailed analyses of videotaped performances. Results indicated that dance experts learn more and perform better than novices (p $<$.05) in a modeling situation, and learning and performance scores are positively correlated at a moderate level. Entry-level dance skill is the best present indicator of success in dance observational learning. Elementary instruction can improve beginner dancers' observational learning ability. The findings support Bandura's social cognitive theory of modeling (1986), extend the knowledge base related to the effects of expertise in motor skill acquisition, and have implications for dance and other motor skill educators.
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Bertoloni, Gisele Cristina [UNESP]. "O Uso da informação visual global e local no controle da postura e do timing durante a tarefa de agarrar um objeto em aproximação". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87455.
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O controle concomitante da postura e da mão, baseado em informação visual contida no fluxo ótico, é imprescindível para o sucesso da ação de agarrar um objeto. O presente estudo investigou o efeito das fontes de informação visual global e local sobre a oscilação corporal e controle da mão durante a tarefa de agarrar uma bola em aproximação, em adultos jovens. Doze participantes tiveram que manter a posição em pé durante 18 segundos olhando para a bola fixa numa haste, acoplada a uma sala móvel; a tarefa foi agarrar a bola parada ou em aproximação, enquanto a sala móvel se moveu na mesma direção ou em direção oposta ao movimento da bola, totalizando nove condições experimentais, com cinco tentativas cada. Informações cinemáticas sobre o movimento do tronco, da mão, da sala móvel e da bola foram coletadas e possibilitaram duas análises: (A) para identificar o efeito de agarrar ou não a bola estacionária sobre a postura, e (B) para identificar o efeito da bola estar estacionária ou se aproximando sobre as ações do braço e da postura. A análise A mostrou que os participantes estiveram sintonizados à informação global (sala), com o conflito sensorial sendo apropriadamente resolvido; a informação local (bola) parece ter funcionado como um fator de restrição no controle da postura para que o agarrar fosse realizado com sucesso. A análise B mostrou sintonia dos participantes às informações global e local do ambiente para resolver o respectivo conflito sensorial e promover ajustes e compensações necessárias, priorizando a ação de agarrar a bola. Relevância e papel das fontes de informação local e global são discutidos para a combinação do controle postural e do agarrar.
The simultaneous posture and hand control, based on information in the optic flow field, is essential for the grasp successful. The present paper has investigated the global and local visual information effect on the body balance and postural control during the grasp an approximation ball task, on young adults. Twelve participants have had to maintain the stand up position during 18 seconds looking the ball fixed in the shaft within the moving room. The task has been to grasp a stationary or a closing ball, while the moving room have moved in the same direction or in the opposite direction of ball movement, the total of nine experimental conditions, with five trials each condition. Cinematic information about the trunk’s, hand’s, moving room’s, and ball’s movement has been collected. Two analysis have done: (A) to identify the grasp’s presence effect on the posture and (B) to identify the ball’s movement effect on the postural and hand controls. The analysis A has showed that the participants have been sintonizated on the global information and solving the sensorial conflito; the local information seems to act like a restriction factor on the postural control for the succeed grasp. The analysis B has showed the participants’ sensitivity to the global and local ambience information to solve the respective sensorial conflito and to provide the necessary compensation and adjustment to grasp the ball, priority. Relevance and function of the global and local information are discussed to the combined postural and grasp control.
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Silva, José Adolfo Menezes Garcia [UNESP]. "Estudo sobre o efeito do incremento de tarefas cognitivas sobre o padrão de marcha de adultas jovens". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99064.
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Caminhar pode parecer uma tarefa que requer pouca demanda atencional, contudo trata-se de uma atividade que requer cauteloso planejamento, monitoramento e coordenação adequada de uma seqüência de ações. Objetivos: Analisar o efeito da dupla tarefa sobre variáveis cinemáticas e cinéticas da marcha em adultos jovens. Método: Participaram do estudo 17 voluntárias jovens (21,47±2,06 anos). O teste foi realizado em quatro condições distintas: marcha normal (MN), dupla tarefa fácil (DTF), dupla tarefa difícil (DTD), e dupla tarefa mista (DTM). Para a análise dos dados cinemáticos foram usados os 10 primeiros ciclos consecutivos de cada condição. As variáveis analisadas foram o tempo e o comprimento da passada, assim como a ativação muscular e níveis de cocontração durante a realização dos testes. Para a análise do comprimento de passada, tempo de passada, e nível de cocontração foi utilizado o teste ANOVA One way, e Post hoc de Tukey Alpha. Para a análise dos dados de ativação muscular, foi usado o teste Anova de Friedman, e Post hoc de Dunns na comparação entre as diferentes condições de marcha. O nível de significância de foi estabelecido em 5% (p <0,05). Resultados: Caminhar com a adição de tarefas cognitivas afetou significantemente os padrões de ativação muscular para sujeitos jovens, contudo não foram encontradas diferenças para o comprimento, tempo dos passos, nem para o nível de contração. Conclusão: Os dados do presente estudo, nas condições metodológicas propostas, permitem concluir que a competição entre recursos motores e cognitivos afeta significantemente os níveis de ativação muscular durante o desenvolvimento da marcha
Walking may seem like a chore that gives of little attentional demand, however it is an activity that requires careful planning, monitoring and coordination of an appropriate sequence of actions. Objectives: To analyze the effect of dual task on kinematic and kinetic variables of gait in young adults. Method: The study included 17 young volunteers (21.47 ± 6.2 years). The test was performed in four different conditions: normal walking (MN), dual easy task (FTD), dual task (DTD), and mixed double duty (TMD). For the analysis of kinematic data were used the first 10 consecutive cycles of each condition. The variables analyzed were the time and stride length, and muscle activation levels and cocontração during testing. For the analysis of stride length, stride time, and level of test was used cocontração One way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's Alpha. For data analysis of muscle activation, we used the Friedman ANOVA and post hoc Dunns when comparing the different conditions of motion. The significance level was set at 5% (p <0.05). Results: Walking with the addition of cognitive tasks significantly affected the patterns of muscle activation for young subjects, but no differences were found for the length of time steps, or to the level of contraction. Conclusion: The results of this study, the methodology proposed conditions allow to conclude that competition between cognitive and motor features significantly affect the levels of muscle activation during development of the march
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Crancianinov, Camila Sant'Ana. "Avaliação na função manual com tabuleiro portátil de atividades de vida diária /". Rio Claro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151550.
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Título anterior: Proposta de avaliação com tabuleiro portátil de atividades de vida diáriaOrientador: Cynthia Yukiko Hiraga
Banca: José Angelo Barela
Banca: Maria Georgina Marques Tonello
Resumo: A função do membro superior inclui a capacidade de alcance direcionado, preensão e manipulação de objetos. Tais capacidades formam a base motora requerida para a realização das atividades de vida diária (AVD) com eficiência. A eficiência do uso das mãos nas AVD pode ser afetada por patologias, bem como pelo envelhecimento. O desempenho motor de forma geral apresenta um declínio em idosos, aproximadamente à partir dos 60 anos. O presente estudo focaliza o uso do tabuleiro portátil de atividade de vida diária (TPAVD) para avaliação do desempenho em tarefas manuais. O TPAVD consiste de atividades envolvendo o uso de uma ou ambas as mãos em tarefas simples que os seres humanos realizam no seu cotidiano. O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar a coordenação motora fina usando o tabuleiro portátil de AVD's (TPAVD) ao longo do envelhecimento. O estudo contou com aproximadamente 60 participantes (15 participantes em cada grupo por faixa etária) dentro das seguintes faixas de idade, a saber: 20 a 25 anos, 45 a 50 anos, 60 a 65 anos, 70 anos ou mais, sem qualquer diagnóstico de patologia musculoesquelética e lesão neurológica que apresente problema e/ou disfunção no membro superior. As tarefas do TPAVD foram divididas em quatro subtestes distintos. Dessa forma, o tempo de execução de cada subteste e a soma do tempo de cada subteste foram utilizados como variável dependente. A hipótese do estudo foi de que o TPAVD poderia captar diferenças no tempo de execução entre os diferentes grupos ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The upper limb function includes ability to reach, hold and manipulate objects. These capabilities form the motor base required to perform the activities of daily living (ADLs) efficiently. The efficiency of the use of hands in the ADLs can be affected by diseases and aging process. The general motor performance shows a decline in the elderly, at about the age of 60. This study focuses on the use of portable board activity of daily living (PBADL) for performance evaluation on manual tasks. The PBADL consists of activities involving the use of one or both hands on simple tasks that humans perform in their daily lives. The aim of this study is to examine fine motor skills using portable board of ADLs (i.e., PBADL) across a range of ages. The study included approximately 60 participants (15 participants in each group by age group) within the following age groups, 20 to 25 years, 45-50 years 60-65 years 70 years or more, without any musculoskeletal diagnosis and neurological injury pathology or presenting problem and/ or dysfunction in the upper limbs. The PBADL tasks were divided into four distinct subtests. Thus, the execution time of each subtest and the total time of each subtest were used as dependent variables. The study hypothesis was that the PBADL could capture differences in execution time between different groups according to age group. That is, the older the participant the greater the time to execute the tasks in the PBADL. The results of this study confirmed the differences in performance of TPAVD tasks between age groups, considering the sum of the times of the subtests. In relation to the time of each subtest, subtest 2 was not presented the expected differences. The times subtests 1, 3 and 4 have been gradually increasing with age. The TPAVD is a potential methodology to be used as tool for evaluation of hand function
Mestre
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Chandler, Susan Elizabeth. "The impact of mindfulness on balance, cognition and arousal". [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2007. http://165.236.235.140/lib/SChandlerpartI2007.pdf.
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Gao, Naichun, i 高乃春. "Examining the influence of marginally modified constraints on motor behaviour". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50662223.
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The thesis examines the influence of visual misperceptions of the primary environmental constraints related to motor behaviour, and explores whether motor adaptation can be caused implicitly by introducing systematic, undetectable changes in key constraints in the performance environment. The first two experiments (Chapter 2) were conducted to determine if a simple manipulation of the height of the uprights can cause participants to perceive the dimensions of the rugby goalposts differently. The findings support the existence of a rugby goalpost illusion. Misperceptions of the dimensions of the goalposts may influence decisions about where to place the ball when converting a try. In Chapter 3, a series of experiments tested this hypothesis both in a laboratory setting and in real life games. Experiment 3 showed that narrow goalposts caused kickers to place the ball further from the try-line than wide goalposts. Furthermore, misperceptions of the uprights width induced by the rugby posts illusion caused kickers to place the ball differently when making kicks (Experiment 4). By introducing pitch-markings in Experiment 5, we tested whether the effect of the illusion is moderated by use of familiar cues in the environment. An observational study (Experiment 6) suggested that the influence of the rugby posts illusion, intimated in our experimental work, is not evident in real life. Both Chapters 4 and 5 were designed to examine whether very subtle changes in constraints in the environment can be used specifically to induce implicit motor learning. In Chapter 4, the smallest detectable difference between two levels of sensory stimulus was determined for simple line drawings representative of rugby goalpost uprights (Experiment 7) or crossbars (Experiment 8). The findings from Chapter 5 suggested that (implicit) motor adaptations might be caused by gradual incremental changes in environmental constraints.published_or_final_version
Human Performance
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Rebel, Johanna. "Developmental patterns of procedural and declarative knowledge in catching skills". Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63821.
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Jadavji, Nafisa M., i University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Interactions of stress and motor system function". Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2008, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/662.
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Stress is one of the most critical influences on behavior, performance and disease.
Recent findings from our laboratory have shown that stress represents a major
modulator of motor function in the intact and damaged brain. The mechanisms by
which stress and stress hormones affect motor system function, however, have not yet
been determined. The objective of this thesis was to determine the route of action of
stress and stress hormones on the motor system in a rat model. The first experiment
investigates whether corticosterone is involved in mediating stress-induced motor
impairments. The second experiment compares the role of glucocorticoid and
mineralocorticoid receptors in regard to modulating the motor response to stress. The
third experiment determines the differential effects of stress on motor function in
males and females. The final experiment systematically describes changes in neuronal
cell signaling that affect normal function of motor areas. The results indicate that
disturbance of fine motor control by stress is not associated with stress hormone
increases. Furthermore, it is modulated through the glucocorticoid and
mineralocorticoid receptors. Stress differentially impairs motor function in males and
females. These changes in motor behaviour could possibly be the result of changes in
neuronal cell signaling within the motor system. This research provides new insights
into physiological influences in motor system function and disorders of the motor
system.ix, 128 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 29 cm.
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Al-Hadabi, Badriya Khalfan Issa. "Assessment of physical activity and motor ability in children". Thesis, University of Essex, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572776.
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Health benefits are found to be associated with regular physical activity (PA), however, only a small percentage of young people are meeting the government physical activity recommendation guidelines. Therefore, there is a necessity to further understand the factors that may influence greater participation in physical activity. One essential influencing factor may be the level of mastery of motor abilities (MA) which children and adolescents need in order to participate in different physical activities. Therefore, this thesis was built on the hypothesis that children with better developed motor abilities may find it easier to be active and engage in more physical activity than those with less-developed motor abilities. This thesis provides three studies focusing on firstly, validating accelerometer counts against oxygen uptake (energy expenditure or EE) in 9 to 11 year old children performing a number of highly variable physical activities, similar to those undertaken in free-living conditions. Cut-off points for resting physical activity level, light physical activity level, moderate physical activity level and vigorous physical activity level were determined, which have been used to analyse PA data in studies 2 and 3. The second study was a cross-sectional design and third study was a longitudinal design. Both studies investigated the level of motor ability that 8 to 12 year old children possessed; secondly, they explored how anthropometric factors affected selected components of MA and thirdly, they determined whether MA components themselves and/or anthropometric measurements are useful predictors of physical activity levels. Results showed a strong correlation between the accelerometer counts and energy expenditure (as measured by oxygen consumption) of r = 0.86, and two different regression equations to predict EE from accelerometer counts were developed. Cut-off points of <61, 62 - 3435,3436 - 6100, and 2: 6101 were determined for resting, light, moderate and vigorous physical activity levels. The cross-sectional study showed that motor ability components were improved with increasing school year. Gender was the main predictor of most motor ability components; while body fat percentage (BF%) and age were secondary factors. The cross-sectional design does not allow the drawing of a causal relationship between the development of motor ability and physical activity levels. Thus, the longitudinal study illustrated that tracking motor ability and anthropometric data over time removed gender as a dominating factor in predicting the motor ability component as found in the cross-sectional study (Chapter 4). Changes in Standing Vertical Jump, Sit-up and Flamingo Balance Test were found to be factors that could affect change in physical activity levels. However, the small number of participants who met the criteria of physical activity intensity levels in this study mean that interpretations of results should be taken with caution. Further longitudinal research using a large group of children, motor ability component tests and more than one objective method to monitor physical activity levels are needed to clearly explore the relationship between these two parameters,
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Gera, Geetanjali. "Motor abundance contributes to resolve multiple task constraints". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 109 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1885754581&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Brown, Jennifer. "Feedback motor control and the basal ganglia". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648678.
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Bertoloni, Gisele Cristina. "O Uso da informação visual global e local no controle da postura e do timing durante a tarefa de agarrar um objeto em aproximação /". Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87455.
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Orientador: Sérgio Tosi RodriguesBanca: Ana Maria Forti Barela
Banca: Renato de Moraes
Resumo: O controle concomitante da postura e da mão, baseado em informação visual contida no fluxo ótico, é imprescindível para o sucesso da ação de agarrar um objeto. O presente estudo investigou o efeito das fontes de informação visual global e local sobre a oscilação corporal e controle da mão durante a tarefa de agarrar uma bola em aproximação, em adultos jovens. Doze participantes tiveram que manter a posição em pé durante 18 segundos olhando para a bola fixa numa haste, acoplada a uma sala móvel; a tarefa foi agarrar a bola parada ou em aproximação, enquanto a sala móvel se moveu na mesma direção ou em direção oposta ao movimento da bola, totalizando nove condições experimentais, com cinco tentativas cada. Informações cinemáticas sobre o movimento do tronco, da mão, da sala móvel e da bola foram coletadas e possibilitaram duas análises: (A) para identificar o efeito de agarrar ou não a bola estacionária sobre a postura, e (B) para identificar o efeito da bola estar estacionária ou se aproximando sobre as ações do braço e da postura. A análise A mostrou que os participantes estiveram sintonizados à informação global (sala), com o conflito sensorial sendo apropriadamente resolvido; a informação local (bola) parece ter funcionado como um fator de restrição no controle da postura para que o agarrar fosse realizado com sucesso. A análise B mostrou sintonia dos participantes às informações global e local do ambiente para resolver o respectivo conflito sensorial e promover ajustes e compensações necessárias, priorizando a ação de agarrar a bola. Relevância e papel das fontes de informação local e global são discutidos para a combinação do controle postural e do agarrar.
Abstract: The simultaneous posture and hand control, based on information in the optic flow field, is essential for the grasp successful. The present paper has investigated the global and local visual information effect on the body balance and postural control during the grasp an approximation ball task, on young adults. Twelve participants have had to maintain the stand up position during 18 seconds looking the ball fixed in the shaft within the moving room. The task has been to grasp a stationary or a closing ball, while the moving room have moved in the same direction or in the opposite direction of ball movement, the total of nine experimental conditions, with five trials each condition. Cinematic information about the trunk's, hand's, moving room's, and ball's movement has been collected. Two analysis have done: (A) to identify the grasp's presence effect on the posture and (B) to identify the ball's movement effect on the postural and hand controls. The analysis A has showed that the participants have been sintonizated on the global information and solving the sensorial conflito; the local information seems to act like a restriction factor on the postural control for the succeed grasp. The analysis B has showed the participants' sensitivity to the global and local ambience information to solve the respective sensorial conflito and to provide the necessary compensation and adjustment to grasp the ball, priority. Relevance and function of the global and local information are discussed to the combined postural and grasp control.
Mestre
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Silva, José Adolfo Menezes Garcia. "Estudo sobre o efeito do incremento de tarefas cognitivas sobre o padrão de marcha de adultas jovens /". Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99064.
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Orientador: Marcelo Tavella NavegaBanca: Mariana Chaves Aveiro
Banca: Adalgiso Coscrato Cardozo
Resumo: Caminhar pode parecer uma tarefa que requer pouca demanda atencional, contudo trata-se de uma atividade que requer cauteloso planejamento, monitoramento e coordenação adequada de uma seqüência de ações. Objetivos: Analisar o efeito da dupla tarefa sobre variáveis cinemáticas e cinéticas da marcha em adultos jovens. Método: Participaram do estudo 17 voluntárias jovens (21,47±2,06 anos). O teste foi realizado em quatro condições distintas: marcha normal (MN), dupla tarefa fácil (DTF), dupla tarefa difícil (DTD), e dupla tarefa mista (DTM). Para a análise dos dados cinemáticos foram usados os 10 primeiros ciclos consecutivos de cada condição. As variáveis analisadas foram o tempo e o comprimento da passada, assim como a ativação muscular e níveis de cocontração durante a realização dos testes. Para a análise do comprimento de passada, tempo de passada, e nível de cocontração foi utilizado o teste ANOVA One way, e Post hoc de Tukey Alpha. Para a análise dos dados de ativação muscular, foi usado o teste Anova de Friedman, e Post hoc de Dunns na comparação entre as diferentes condições de marcha. O nível de significância de foi estabelecido em 5% (p <0,05). Resultados: Caminhar com a adição de tarefas cognitivas afetou significantemente os padrões de ativação muscular para sujeitos jovens, contudo não foram encontradas diferenças para o comprimento, tempo dos passos, nem para o nível de contração. Conclusão: Os dados do presente estudo, nas condições metodológicas propostas, permitem concluir que a competição entre recursos motores e cognitivos afeta significantemente os níveis de ativação muscular durante o desenvolvimento da marcha
Abstract: Walking may seem like a chore that gives of little attentional demand, however it is an activity that requires careful planning, monitoring and coordination of an appropriate sequence of actions. Objectives: To analyze the effect of dual task on kinematic and kinetic variables of gait in young adults. Method: The study included 17 young volunteers (21.47 ± 6.2 years). The test was performed in four different conditions: normal walking (MN), dual easy task (FTD), dual task (DTD), and mixed double duty (TMD). For the analysis of kinematic data were used the first 10 consecutive cycles of each condition. The variables analyzed were the time and stride length, and muscle activation levels and cocontração during testing. For the analysis of stride length, stride time, and level of test was used cocontração One way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's Alpha. For data analysis of muscle activation, we used the Friedman ANOVA and post hoc Dunns when comparing the different conditions of motion. The significance level was set at 5% (p <0.05). Results: Walking with the addition of cognitive tasks significantly affected the patterns of muscle activation for young subjects, but no differences were found for the length of time steps, or to the level of contraction. Conclusion: The results of this study, the methodology proposed conditions allow to conclude that competition between cognitive and motor features significantly affect the levels of muscle activation during development of the march
Mestre
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Smirmaul, Bruno de Paula Caraça. "Preference for and tolerance of the intensity of exercise : brazilian portuguese adaptation and validation, normative values, factors associated and relationship with exercise behavior /". Rio Claro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148549.
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Orientador: Eduardo KokubunResumo: Affective responses during exercise are related to exercise adherence and current/future exercise behavior. However, there is large inter-individual variability in affective responses to exercise. Such variability is partly explained by individual differences in preference for and tolerance of the intensity of exercise. Thus, the aims of this PhD thesis were: Article 1 - to adapt the Preference for and Tolerance of the Intensity of Exercise Questionnaire (PRETIE-Q) for the Brazilian population and to perform an initial psychometric evaluation; Article 2 - to test the structural validity of the PRETIE-Q in a diverse population sample and to evaluate its factorial invariance across gender and age subgroups; Article 3 - to explore the factors associated with Preference for and Tolerance of the exercise intensity in a diverse population sample, as well as to provide population-based normative values; Article 4 - to test whether the constructs of preference for and tolerance of exercise intensity are associated to exercise behavior longitudinally in a diverse population sample. For this, the following methods were used: Article 1 - translation and back-translation, production of a Brazilian Portuguese version of the PRETIE-Q, and psychometric evaluation and construct validation using cross-sectional correlations between the Preference and Tolerance scores and physical activity variables; Article 2 - confirmatory factor analysis and a test of multigroup factor invar... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Doutor
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Lovell, G. P. "The movement mental imagery ability and acquisition rate relationship". Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246261.
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Green, Jordan R. "Physiologic development of speech motor control : articulatory coordination of lips and jaw /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8254.
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Staples, Kerri. "Development of a gross motor task to assess motor planning of children with autism spectrum disorders". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98584.
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Motor planning was assessed by performance of 10 male children (age range 9-12 years) with ASD on a simple obstacle course of horizontal barriers. The primary measures of motor planning were acts of hesitation and hesitation time. These measures, along with executive functioning scores from the BRIEF, and measures of movement execution were correlated to assess the validity of this obstacle course. Results of these correlations supported the validity of the motor planning inferences from the performance of the obstacle course since motor planning correlated in the expected directions with the BRIEF scores and movement execution measures. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was sufficiently high to support the reliability of this obstacle course, with the item analysis providing direction for the most reliable barrier heights. Therefore, the use of this obstacle course task provides both valid inferences and reliable measures of motor planning, although further development is warranted.
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Li, Wing-fung. "Tennis anticipation study /". View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B32222348.
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Li, Wing-fung, i 李永豐. "Tennis anticipation study". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45013883.
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Niehorster, Diederick Christian. "Influence of hemianopic visual field loss on motor control". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45861699.
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Worth, Eleri Rhian. "Retrieval-induced forgetting and memory for actions". Thesis, Swansea University, 2011. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43182.
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Previous research has demonstrated a retrieval-induced forgetting effect for verbal material (Anderson & Spellman, 1995), colours and shapes (Ciranni & Shimamura,1999), eyewitness testimony (MacLeod, 2002), and images of novel actions (Koutstaal et al., 1999). However, little research has been conducted into retrieval-induced forgetting and self-performed actions. A recent study by Sharman (2011) demonstrated retrieval-induced forgetting for familiar and bizarre self-performed actions. The current thesis aims to examine retrieval-induced forgetting and actions including self-performed and observed actions, and combinations of self-performed and observed actions. The first experiment demonstrated retrieval-induced forgetting for novel motor sequences. In addition, retrieval-induced forgetting was also found for less novel actions (Experiments 3 and 4) for both typical and non-typical self-performed actions (Experiment 3) and memorable self-performed actions (Experiment 4). Experiment 2 demonstrated a retrieval-induced forgetting effect for objects associated with actions suggesting that retrieval-induced forgetting effects occur both for the action and the object. However the findings of experiment 5 suggest that retrieval-induced forgetting may not occur for goal-orientated actions. These experiments may suggest that retrieval-induced forgetting occurs for non goal-orientated actions, but may not occur for goal-orientated actions. These findings are discussed in terms of the inhibitory account.
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Liang, Guoli. "Teaching children qualitative analysis of fundamental motor skill". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1816.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 87, 13 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-87).
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Van, Dyk A. P. "The assessment of motor competence in rugby". Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1263.
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Gingras, Ginette. "The development of a motor creativity test using fluency and flexibility measures /". Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66004.
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Hogg, Theresa M., i University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Neurophysiological correlates of motor skill learning : reorganization of movement representations within motor cortex". Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2002, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/182.
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This thesis used a rodent model of skilled forelimb training and intracortical microstimulation to examine the relationship between learning and cortical reorganization. This thesis examines how reorganization is related to the specific changes in forelimb movements during learning. It also examines the role that task reptition plays in driving motor cortex reorganization and showed that once the skilled motor task had been acquired it was necessary to repeat the task sufficiently to produce motor cortex reorganiztion. This thesis also examines reorganization following skilled reach training was related to the consolidation of motor skill, finding that animals that learned the skilled reaching task after five days of training also showed cortical reorganization, which persisted for one month. These experiments show that the distribution and subsequent redistribution of movement representations within motor cortex is related to changes in motor performance that occur during motor training.viii, 108 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.
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Goyen, Traci-Anne School of Women???s & Children???s Health UNSW. "Motor dysfunction in apparently normal high-risk children". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Women???s and Children???s Health, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23296.
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Infants born extremely prematurely (ie. <29 weeks gestation) or with extremely low birth weight (ie. <1000 grams) are at high-risk of major and minor motor sequelae that persist into the school years. Most of the research on the outcome of these high-risk infants has concentrated on the prevalence of major disability. The majority of high-risk children at school age have normal intelligence and no sensorineural disability. Despite this, these ???apparently normal??? high-risk children have a higher incidence of minor morbidities. Motor coordination problems are frequently reported, yet further investigation into the emergence of minor motor dysfunction, or its impact on academic achievement and everyday activities is seldom explored. The aim of this thesis was to provide a comprehensive investigation into motor dysfunction, which is commonly found in ???apparently normal??? high-risk children. This was addressed in a series of five studies that intended to provide insight into the emergence, prevalence, nature, and prediction of motor dysfunction in otherwise ???normal??? high-risk children. Study 1 examined the development of gross and fine motor skills from infancy to school age using a longitudinal cohort study design. ???Apparently normal??? high-risk children (n=58) were assessed with the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales at 18 months corrected age, 3 and 5 years. A significant proportion continued to have fine motor deficits to school age (64%), reflecting a persistent problem with fine motor skills throughout this period. The proportion of infants with gross motor deficits significantly increased from 18 months to 5 years (81.1%), particularly for the ???micropreemies???. Whilst there was no gender difference found, the development of gross and fine motor skills appeared to be influenced differently by the home environment. Study 2 examined the impact of motor dysfunction on performance at school age. The prevalence of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) in ???apparently normal??? high-risk children was determined using a controlled cohort study design. In addition, the nature of DCD in this population was explored by testing sensorimotor abilities that possibly underlie the motor dysfunction. Fifty (50) high-risk children with IQ<85 and no identified sensorineural disability were assessed at 8 years of age along with a matched control from their respective class at school. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children and a battery of sensorimotor tests were administered. Results indicated a significantly higher prevalence of DCD (42%) in the high-risk group in comparison to the control group (8%). In relation to sensorimotor abilities that may influence motor performance, the high-risk group scored significantly lower on most of tests, however it was neurological ???soft signs???, postural praxis, and sequencing praxis that contributed to DCD in the high-risk group. Study 3 was designed to investigate the impact of motor dysfunction on a motor-based task performed within the school setting. Specifically, this study described handwriting skills in ???apparently normal??? high-risk children, determined the prevalence of handwriting dysfunction, and investigated sensorimotor abilities that may be associated with problematic handwriting. The high-risk cohort and matched controls described in study 2 were also administered a number of handwriting tests. High-risk children were found to have poorer handwriting legibility and speed in comparison to their classmates. The prevalence of handwriting dysfunction in the high-risk group was 46%, significantly higher than controls (18%). Hand preference, pencil grasp used, and pain whilst writing were comparable to the control group. The contribution of underlying sensorimotor abilities to handwriting dysfunction in the high-risk population however was not evident. By using the same subjects in studies 2 and 3, the co-morbidity of handwriting dysfunction with DCD could be determined. Of those high-risk children identified with DCD, 43% had co-morbid handwriting dysfunction. Study 4 explored the relationship between perinatal and environmental variables to Developmental Coordination Disorder and handwriting dysfunction in high-risk children. Perinatal and environmental variables of the 50 ???apparently normal??? high-risk children that participated in the previous study were analysed. Results indicated prolonged rupture of membranes (PROM) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were significantly and independently associated with DCD, perhaps reflecting the impact of the antenatal infection process and visual development related to ROP on motor outcome in high-risk children. Perinatal variables were not associated with handwriting dysfunction, but high-risk males were more likely to have handwriting dysfunction. Maternal education and paternal occupation were associated with aspects of handwriting. Whilst handwriting is a motor-based activity, it appears to be influenced by environmental variables, similar to other academic areas for the high-risk population. Study 5 sought to determine whether a motor assessment at an earlier age could predict DCD in the ???apparently normal??? high-risk population at school age. Motor assessment at 12 months, 3 and 5 years for the high-risk subjects who participated in study 2 were analysed using Receiver Operator Curves (ROC curves). The 3 year assessment with the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales was the best predictor of DCD at 8 years, with the Griffiths Locomotor Scale at 3 years yielding a similar result. Findings suggest that high-risk children who scored below the specified cut-off points on 3 year motor assessments and who had a history of PROM or ROP were at greater risk of having motor-based problems that had the potential to interfere with functioning at school.
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Gamble, Kelly M. "The effect of priming on performance of a closed motor task". Virtual Press, 2006. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Ibrahim, Halijah. "Assessing general motor ability and tests for talent identification of Malaysian adoloescents". University of Western Australia. School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0109.
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[Truncated astract] Talent Identification (TI) in sports begins by mass screening individuals' motor abilities. du Randt (2000) wrote that, as test items from one country might not necessarily suit another, appropriate basic motor skill test items are important for developing a TI mass screening instrument. Three hundred and thirty Malaysian adolescents aged from 12-15 years were tested on three motor skill test batteries: the McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development (MAND, McCarron, 1982); the Australian Talent Identification Test (AIS, Australian Sports Commission, 1998); and a Balance and Movement Coordination Test which was specifically developed for this project. In the current research, the motor performance data recorded from the adolescents underwent several types of analyses. Principal Component analyses were conducted on the MAND, AIS and BMC motor skill instruments to understand what the three motor skill instruments were assessing globally in the Malaysian adolescents. Then, first-order and higher-order factor analyses were conducted on the 13 parameters making up the AIS+BMC motor skill instrument to examine the concept of general motor ability (GMA). After descriptive analyses of the adolescents' motor skill performances, age and gender differences were examined using two (gender) by four (age) ANOVAs. Finally, stepwise discriminant function analyses were conducted on a combined AIS+BMC motor skill instrument to determine the best sub-set of motor skills that reliably classified the Malaysian adolescents into three levels of motor performance.... Two stepwise discriminant analyses were undertaken to find the best set of motor skills for classifying Malaysian adolescents into three motor coordination groups based on scores on the MAND and three motor ability groups derived from scores on the motoric 'g'. The ability of a combined AIS+BMC motor skill instrument to classify Malaysian adolescents into the three groups was good for those classified as Normal, not so great for those adolescents classified as High, and poor for those adolescents classified as Low. The motor skills consistently reported across both sets of analyses were Balance-Eyes-Open, Balance-Eyes-Closed, Dynamic Balance, Hopping Speed, Quadrant Jump, Hopping-in-Square, Basketball Throw and Shuttle-Run-with-Object. Hence, motor skills assessing static balance, dynamic balance and postural control appeared to reliably discriminate the Malaysian adolescents into three motor performance groups. Finally, an examination of the misclassifications found in the discriminant analyses revealed two things. Those individuals being predicted into a lower group performed a large number of the motor skills to a lesser standard when compared with their correctly classified cohorts. Conversely, those predicted into a higher group performed a number of motor skills to a standard higher than their correctly classified cohorts. Thus, at a global level, certain individuals could be overlooked for further athletic development and is a concern when developing a rigorous TI program. Therefore, practitioners need to be cautious of any single ability score, and how that represents an individual's athletic potential. These results are discussed, limitations noted, and directions for future research provided.
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Shemmell, Jonahan B. H. "Neuromuscular-skeletal constraints on the acquisition of human coordination /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18163.pdf.
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Hein, Michael Brian. "Assessing the relationship between abilities and the acquisition of skill : a test of alternative models". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29184.
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Manal, Kurt T. "Temporal assimilations during bi-manual movements in non-impaired and Parkinsonian individuals". Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61329.
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When bi-lateral movements of differing difficulty are performed as rapidly as possible the "easier" of the two limbs slows down and is attracted to the temporal structure of the more difficult movement. Simultaneous movements are expected to be severely compromised in Parkinson's Disease (PD). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Parkinsonians elicit temporal assimilations in the belief that an assimilatory response may facilitate simultaneous bi-lateral control in PD.Temporal attractions were elicited by the non-impaired subjects during the bi-lateral task. The increased movement duration of the "easy" limb was the consequence of a contralateral motor command interference. The Parkinsonians failed to generate sufficient contralateral shoulder torque to interfere with the metrical structure of the "easier" task comprising the bi-lateral movements. These observations suggest that temporal assimilations elicited by this class of movements are the result of a motor command interference and not the effect of a restructuring of the movements metrics.
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Hsu, Wei-Li. "Multi-joint coordination underlies upright postural control". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 218 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1601513351&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Pennington, Kelly R. "Gender differences in gross and fine motor abilities in preschool aged children in West Virginia". Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2002. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=60.
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Muller, Matthew D. "The influence of interval vs. continuous exercise on thermoregulation, torso hemodynamics, and finger dexterity in the cold (5°C)". [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1255294775.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2009.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed April 14, 2010). Advisor: Ellen Glickman. Keywords: cold; exercise; dexterity; temperature; blood flow; homeostasis. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-98).
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White, Alex L. "The effects of variable neural delays on visual perception and visumotor timing". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28967.
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After light strikes the retina, it takes many tens of milliseconds before the resulting neural signal
reaches visual cortex (Schmolesky et a], 1998). Together with delays in the brain and motor
system, this considerable latency limits human abilities to accurately perceive and respond to
external events. Even worse, the visual delay is not constant, but increases with decreasing
stimulus intensity. The systematic variation in sensory latency seems to have dramatic perceptual
effects: a dim or faint moving object appears to lag behind where it would appear if it were more
intense (Hess, 1904; Pulfrich, 1922; Purushothaman et al, 1998). It is unknown, however,
whether this apparent flaw in perception also afflicts our ability to coordinate actions in time
with moving objects, or whether the visuomotor system has separate mechanisms that correct for
the neural delays added when intensity drops. To investigate this issue, we used a sensorimotor
synchronization task in which subjects attempted to press a button at the moment a rotating bar
became aligned with stationary landmarks. Over a 15-fold range of luminance, they did not
respond later when the moving bar was dimmer. Nonetheless, in two perceptual tasks with
similar stimuli, we confirmed that the perceived position of the moving bar was more delayed
when the bar was dimmer. A reaction time task in which subjects made speeded responses to a
sudden reversal of the rotating bar further confirmed the effect of luminance on visual latency
and indicated that predictability was necessary for the pattern of response times found in the
synchronization task. In a lower, mesopic range of luminance levels, responses in the
synchronization task did tend to become more delayed as luminance dropped, and the size of this
effect was nearly as large as the effect on perceptual localization. These data suggest that, at least
within the normal daytime range of light levels, the visuomotor system flexibly compensates for
the changes in visual latency caused by intensity variation. Conscious vision, in contrast, seems
to have evolved to be more tolerant of variable neural latencies and leaves them uncorrected.
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Sheppard, Jeremy. "An evaluation of a new test of reactive agility". Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2004. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/169529.
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"The purpose of this study was to investigate the test-retest and inter-rater reliability of a new test of agility, as well as the validity of the test to distinguish between players of differing ability in Australian Rules Football (ARF). In addition, the study's third purpose was to identify the relationships between straight-sprinting (SS), a sprint with planned change of direction (CODS), reactive strength (RS), and the new test of agility (Reactive Agility Test, RAT)."Master of Applied Science
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Spencer, Kristie A. "Investigations of speech motor programming in ataxic and hypokinetic dysarthria /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8199.
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Bradshaw, Theodore Lee Bowren Fay F. "Relationships among selected basic motor skills and academic achievement variables". Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1985. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p8514767.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1985.Title from title page screen, viewed June 7, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Fay Bowren (chair), Kenneth Strand, Walter Friedhoff, Dent Rhodes, Donald Kachur. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-75) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Hindmarsh-Hook, Wendy A. "The playfulness of a child with developmental coordination disorder a dissertation [thesis] submitted to the Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Health Science in 2005". Full thesis. Abstract, 2005.
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Ropeleski, Tom. "The effect of arousal on performance in sensation seeking males /". Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64005.
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Josefsson, Anton. "Barns motorik och fysiska aktivitet - viktiga faktorer för att lyckas i skolan : En studie om grovmotorikens olika påverkan på elever". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-144364.
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Barn och vuxna blir allt mindre fysiskt aktiva medborgare vilket i sin tur leder till att hälsan påverkas negativt. Genom att utveckla barn och ungas grovmotoriska förmåga ökas deras fysiska aktivitet vilket i sin tur leder till en bättre hälsa. Forskare visar att idrottslärare har en viktig roll då deras didaktiska kunskaper ger ökad chans till motorisk utveckling hos eleverna och att skolan är en optimal plattform för utvecklingen då många elever endast utövar fysiska aktiviteter i just skolan. Genom mina studier i ämnet idrott och hälsa har jag valt att skriva denna litteraturstudien i just ämnet idrott och hälsa. Litteraturstudien är indelad i tre frågeställningar där den första belyser hur grovmotorik påverkar barn och ungas fysiska förmåga/aktivitet, den andra hur grov motorisk träning/förmåga påverkar elevers skolprestationer och den sista hur den fysiska aktivitetens och motoriska förmågan påverkar elevers självbild. Studien är baserad på elva vetenskapliga artiklar som alla undersökt sambandet mellan grov motorisk förmåga och fysisk aktivitet och dess påverkan på elever på olika sätt. Resultaten visar att en förbättrad grov motorisk förmåga ökar mängden fysisk aktivitet hos barn och unga och att en god grovmotorik kan påverkaelevers skolprestationer positivt. Resultaten visar även att elever med god grovmotorik blir mer socialt accepterade av sina klasskamrater vilket ger en bättre självbild. Det främsta resultatet som framkommit av litteraturstudien är att barn och unga som besitter en god motorisk förmåga kommer tenderar att bli mer fysiskt aktiva än ett barn med sämre motorisk förmåga, barnet kommer även ha en större chans att få ett mer fysiskt aktivt liv.
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Smyth, T. Raymond. "Impaired motor skill and perception in children /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs6672.pdf.
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Steeve, Roger William. "Mandibular motor control during the early development of speech and nonspeech behaviors /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8220.
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Abdulgabbar, Adel S. "The effect of imagery ability on imitation of a closed-motor task". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1990. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/106718/.
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This thesis sets out to explore the process of motor skill acquisition and presents a thorough investigation of the role played by imagery ability in the recall and reproduction of a motor task. The importance of cognitive processes, such as imaging, in motor learning is becoming increasingly obvious and needs to be understood. Having described the three phases involved in motor learning - cognitive, associative and autonomous - and discussed certain relevant learning theories- the closed-loop theory and the schema theory- the thesis moves on to examine traditional Instructional methods and the contrast between observational learning and verbal instruction techniques, analysing in detail the concept of mental imagery in context of the recall of motor task. The latter half of the thesis presents a series of experiments designed to quantify the role of Imagery ability in reproduction of an origami (paper-folding) task using the different instructional methods and a variety of modelled demonstrations and comparing accuracy and performance time. The thesis concludes that observers who transform modelled actions into either symbolic or visual images achieve a higher level of learning and a higher standard of reproduction than non-imagers, and looks forward to an expansion of research into imaging in a variety of contexts. The results of this study have implications for those working in selecting new trainees for most industrial firms, and their concern with the assessment of selecting individuals on their learning ability and the factors contributing to this as well as the possible instructional methods to be carefully considered with respect to the cost/benefit of such an exercise.
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Wong, Ping-kin, i 黃炳乾. "Locomotion in children: mechanisms and methodology : a review". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125746X.
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