Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Moteurs diesel – Gaz d'échappement – Environnement”
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Sprawdź 50 najlepszych rozpraw doktorskich naukowych na temat „Moteurs diesel – Gaz d'échappement – Environnement”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Przeglądaj rozprawy doktorskie z różnych dziedzin i twórz odpowiednie bibliografie.
Halfaya, Yacine. "Optimisation, fabrication et caractérisation d’un capteur de gaz à base d’hétérostructure AlGaN/GaN HEMT pour des applications automobiles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0312.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe work of the thesis focuses on the development of a new type of gas sensors based III-Nitride semiconductor materials (gallium nitrides). These materials have many advantages that could be used to develop sensitive and selective NOx sensors for the control of pollution emitted by diesel exhaust line. To limit the polluting gases emitted by internal combustion engines in general and diesel in particular (NO, NO2, NH3, CO, ...), different European standards have been established. To meet these standards, anti-pollution systems (consisting of particle filters, catalysts, NOx sensors, ... etc) are used. NOx sensors currently used in automobiles are based on a solid electrolyte. Their operation is based on the measurement of the oxygen concentration. This enables an estimate of the total concentration of NOx gas (indirect measurement) after filtering NOx from O2 and decomposing NOx into O2. These sensors do not detect NH3 at the outlet of the exhaust line, and do not give accurate information on the relationship between NO and NO2 (lack of selectivity) which is important factor for an optimal functioning of selective catalyst (SCR performance improvement). Hence there exists a need for a more efficient and selective in particular gas sensor to improve the control systems, post-treatment and diagnosis. Our approach is to use a HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) transistor based on gallium nitride with a combination of a functional layer instead of the gate. The interaction of the gas molecules with the functional layer gives a signature (output signal variation) specific for each type of gas that helps to improve the selectivity. The project contains two parts: the optimization of the chosen structure and the optimization of the functional layer in order to achieve selective detection between various gaseous pollutants. This technology is interesting for development of gas sensors through the possibility of detection low voltage variations and the possibility of operating in harsh environments. The thesis is part of OpenLab "Materials and Processes" in a collaboration between Georgia Tech-CNRS laboratory and the PSA Peugeot-Citroen Group
Halfaya, Yacine. "Optimisation, fabrication et caractérisation d’un capteur de gaz à base d’hétérostructure AlGaN/GaN HEMT pour des applications automobiles". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0312.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe work of the thesis focuses on the development of a new type of gas sensors based III-Nitride semiconductor materials (gallium nitrides). These materials have many advantages that could be used to develop sensitive and selective NOx sensors for the control of pollution emitted by diesel exhaust line. To limit the polluting gases emitted by internal combustion engines in general and diesel in particular (NO, NO2, NH3, CO, ...), different European standards have been established. To meet these standards, anti-pollution systems (consisting of particle filters, catalysts, NOx sensors, ... etc) are used. NOx sensors currently used in automobiles are based on a solid electrolyte. Their operation is based on the measurement of the oxygen concentration. This enables an estimate of the total concentration of NOx gas (indirect measurement) after filtering NOx from O2 and decomposing NOx into O2. These sensors do not detect NH3 at the outlet of the exhaust line, and do not give accurate information on the relationship between NO and NO2 (lack of selectivity) which is important factor for an optimal functioning of selective catalyst (SCR performance improvement). Hence there exists a need for a more efficient and selective in particular gas sensor to improve the control systems, post-treatment and diagnosis. Our approach is to use a HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) transistor based on gallium nitride with a combination of a functional layer instead of the gate. The interaction of the gas molecules with the functional layer gives a signature (output signal variation) specific for each type of gas that helps to improve the selectivity. The project contains two parts: the optimization of the chosen structure and the optimization of the functional layer in order to achieve selective detection between various gaseous pollutants. This technology is interesting for development of gas sensors through the possibility of detection low voltage variations and the possibility of operating in harsh environments. The thesis is part of OpenLab "Materials and Processes" in a collaboration between Georgia Tech-CNRS laboratory and the PSA Peugeot-Citroen Group
Maiboom, Alain. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation phénoménologique de l'influence des caractéristiques thermodynamiques et de la composition des gaz d'admission sur la combustion et les émissions d'un moteur diesel automobile". Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2142.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn-cylinder pollutant emissions reduction (NOx and particulate matter (PM) principally) is a major challenge during automotive Diesel engine design. The objective of this work is to characterize inlet gas thermodynamic properties and composition (exhaust gas recirculation) on combustion and pollutant emissions of a Diesel engine. The bibliographic survey gives principal phenomena occurring during direct injection Diesel combustion and pollutant formation, and identifies some models for fuel jet description and combustion. A local experimental study on an optically accessible one cylinder Diesel engine gives some new informations on combustion at low load conditions, for non diluted and diluted conditions, with and without pilot injection, and allow to test and adapt some fuel jet models. These latter are utilized to develop an original multi zone phenomenological combustion model, based on Dec’s description, allowing the evaluation of core spray and flame temperature, as well as lift-off length and corresponding fuel/air ratio. A wide range experimental study is then undertaken on a 2 litre standard Diesel engine, with two exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) loops: a high pressure (HP) one and a low pressure one (LP). The results are analysed with the combustion model. Inlet gas thermodynamic properties and composition are modified separately to isolate the influence of these parameters on combustion (rate of heat release), in particular when utilizing high EGR rates. Various operating points are studied. NOx and PM emissions are the result of complex and sometimes opposite phenomena; explanations are proposed in most cases. Finally, low-NOx / low-PM emissions combustion regimes are described and analysed, and in-cylinder strategies for reducing NOx emissions while maintaining specific fuel consumption and PM emission level are proposed, in particular owing to LP EGR loop
Molle, Romain. "Exposition des voyageurs aux polluants de l’air dans les autobus : caractérisation des sources et des transferts". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1127.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study can increase knowledge about the travelers' exposure to air pollution inside buses through measures based representative of rolling stock (Agora Long, Agora Standard), the air change rate, air outdoor quality and traffic parameters. The experiments were performed by studying the distribution of pollutants in the cabin, a subject little discussed in the literature. Some sources of pollution such as the material emissions and the transfer of bus exhaust in the cabin are quantified (self-pollution). As part of this approach, an unprecedented campaign was conducted to quantify the maximum and minimum self-pollution for both types of bus. In real traffic conditions, the pollutant concentrations (NO2, PM2.5, particle number concentration between 0.02-1µm) are higher in the instrumented buses compared to outdoors. Moreover the lowest concentrations of NO2 have been measured in the front of the cabin compared to the rear, the localization of exhaust pipe and the engine. This overexposure was explained by a self-pollution higher in the rear of the cabin compared to the front (0.13% against 0.05% in adverse conditions). Finally the influence of the material emissions, traffic, door openings, the wind speed on the pollutant concentrations inside buses have been demonstrated
Dovifaaz, Xavier. "Modélisation et commande d'un moteur Diesel en vue de la réduction de ses émissions". Amiens, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AMIE0003.
Pełny tekst źródłaMarcuccilli, Frédéric. "Etude expérimentale et théorique de la structure et de la réactivité de suies issues de moteur Diesel". Mulhouse, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MULH0290.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoehm, Serge. "Formation et oxydation de suies : influence de dérivés métalliques". Mulhouse, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MULH0312.
Pełny tekst źródłaCollura, Salvatore. "Réactivité des suies diesel en atmosphères oxydantes". Metz, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2004/Collura.Salvatore.SMZ0410.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe main objective of this thesis was to study the reactivity of diesel exhaust soot under oxidizing conditions. The two studied diesel soot are collected from the same motor bench. This survey appears in a project titled "modelling of a catalysed diesel particulate filter" in which several laboratories (LTAC Metz, LRS Paris VI and LCA Saint-Avold) had collaborated with an industrial partner (Renault SA). Firstly, the soot samples have been characterized by various analytic techniques in order to determine their structural and chemical characteristics as well as their thermal behaviour. We also put in evidence the existence of an interaction between soot and adsorbed compounds during thermal treatment in inert atmosphere (formation of a microporous carbonaceous layer). Concerning the reactivity of non catalysed soot under air, the kinetic parameters have been determined thanks to thermogravimetric analyses. The values obtained for the combustion of the carbonaceous matrix are near for all soot samples (Ea = 140-170 kJ. Mol-1, n ~ 0. 25, nO2 ~ 0. 72). Nor the quantity of soluble organic fraction (SOF), volatile organic fraction (VOF), the mineral inclusions and the thermal treatment seems to influence the combustion process. The effect of a Pt/ZrO2-CeO2 catalyst on the oxidization of soot under air and under a mixture containing 10 % of oxygen and 700 ppm of NO2/Ar has been studied by thermogravimetry. For the catalysed reaction, the activation energy decreases and the order of the reaction of soot (n) increases. There is a change of reaction mechanism. In the case of the reaction under air, it seems that contact between soot and catalyst is necessary whereas in presence of NO2 the catalyst is active even without contact. Finally, the formation of the reaction intermediates (R-NOx) created during the reaction of soot with NO2 has been put forward by thermogravimetry. The nature of these compounds has been determined by infrared spectrometry in agreement with the literature results. Some possible formation and decomposition mechanisms of these species have been proposed thanks to the analysis of gases obtained during soot-NO2 reaction and the thermodesorption of the R-NOx and ROx formed
Achour, Louiza. "Dynamique et contrôle de la régénération d'un filtre à particules diesel". Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1004.
Pełny tekst źródłaBonnet, Patrick. "Contribution a la conception d'un systeme de mesure de gaz d'echappement d'un moteur diesel". Amiens, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AMIE0102.
Pełny tekst źródłaShah, Samiur Rahman. "Etude expérimentale et thermodynamique de l'injection d'eau à l'admission d'un moteur diesel automobile pour la réduction à la source des émissions polluantes". Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2011. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01207643.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe pollutant emission reduction of automotive Diesel engine has become a difficult challenge during the last decade. NOx after-treatment is still complex and expensive, thus in cylinder reduction remains of interest. For that purpose, there are some well established technologies, such as exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The aim of this study is to evaluate water injection at the engine intake, which is already in use on some industrial engines. First a bibliographic survey is presented. State of the art Diesel combustion and corresponding pollutant emissions descriptions and analyses are summarized. Previous studies on water injection are then detailed: the various techniques of water injection are described and compared, in particular, their effects on combustion and emissions. The experimental setup is then presented. This includes the engine itself as well as the water injection system with a short history of its development to its present, stable, form. Measurement methods are also explained and detailed. Following that, thermodynamic relations are developed to describe liquid water mixing with the intake air and its evaporation. They are used to evaluate the quantities of vaporised water in the intake track and eventually inside the cylinder, during intake and compression strokes. Finally, the results obtained on the engine test bench with the water injection system are presented. These results are analysed and compared to both baseline operating points and also to low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation. In light of the obtained test results, conclusions are drawn discussing the different effects of water injection on diesel engine combustion and emissions
Boiarciuc, Andrei. "Développement de la technique "Incandescence Induite par Laser" pour caractériser les particules de suies dans un moteur Diesel". Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE2025.
Pełny tekst źródłaCosta, Isabelle Da. "Étude cinétique de réactions de composés monoaromatiques en tube à onde de choc et en réacteur parfaitement agité". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/tel-01750303.
Pełny tekst źródłaNguyen, Thi Thanh Xuan. "Etude physico-chimique de la formation et de l'évolution des particules dans la ligne d'échappement des véhicules : Modélisation et expérimentation". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13173.
Pełny tekst źródłaMastrantuono, Laeticia. "Etude de l'élimination catalytique simultanée des NOx et des suies présents dans les gaz d'échappement Diesel". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210945.
Pełny tekst źródłaIssa, May. "Etude théorique et expérimentale de l'oxydation catalytique du noir de carbone : Influence du contact entre solides". Mulhouse, 2008. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/opac/resource/etude-theorique-et-experimentale-de-loxydation-catalytique-du-noir-de-carbone-influence-du-contact-e/BUS4168757.
Pełny tekst źródłaStringent standards have been imposed to reduce the emisions of soot particulates known by their danger for human health and environnment. DPF (Diesel particulate filter), enables to collect soot particulates in the exhaust gas, should be regernerated periodically by soot combustion. This regeneration could be active or passive. Passive regeneration uses catalysts in the filter to promote soot oxidation at lower temperatures (400-500°C). Therefore, this investigation was dedicated to the effect of contact between carbon black (model of diesel soot) and catalyst (cerium oxide) and its influence on carbon black oxidation in the presence of oxygen. A correlation between the morphology of mixtures of carbon black and cerium oxide and the reactivity of carbon black was established. Mathematical models (1D and 3D) were developped. These models predict soot oxidation taking into account different parameters based on experimental results. In partiuclar, the three dimensionnai model represents the studied mixtures considering that catalyst is composed of agregates with different sizes. These agregates, distributed randomly in the system, are composed of isometric elementary volumes of 200 nm of length. This representation enables to estimate the effect of the contact between carbon black and catalyst on carbon black oxidation. The model determines the catalytic neighberhood of each elementary volume of carbon black. A good agreement was obtained between experimental results and calculated ones by the model. Indeed, a three dimensionnai model based on geometrical representation of DPF was developped to get a better insight on the phenomena occuring during the regeneration process
Guyon, Marc. "Dépollution des échappements diesel : étude de la réduction des oxydes d'azote à l'aide de catalyseurs à base de zéolithes". Mulhouse, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MULH0381.
Pełny tekst źródłaGilot, Patrick. "Interprétation théorique et modélisation de la combustion de suies sur filtre à particules Diesel". Mulhouse, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MULH0153.
Pełny tekst źródłaManigrasso, Alexis. "Modélisations et études de l’impact des évolutions technologiques et normatives sur la catalyse de dépollution Diesel". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066282.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis was carried out in the Institut Jean Le Rond d’Alembert of the University Pierre and Marie Curie in collaboration with Renault. The after-treatment catalysis in automotive have an ever increasingly important role in development projects for future vehicle of the Renault company. Several models have been developed and validated during the study period, including models of reduction of nitrogen oxides (the nt and SCR). The nt model even becomes a part of the development process of exhaust lines for EURO 6 standards. An hysteresis phenomenon on diesel oxidation catalysts was observed, studied and analyzed on industrial bimetallic catalysts Pt / pd. Several mechanisms describing the hysteresis effect have been proposed. Finally, a complete model of vehicle behavior, pollutant emissions estimation and of a diesel exhaust line was established. This tool allows to completely simulate the impact of each component and of vehicle behavior on after-treatment catalysis
Lebouvier, Alexandre. "Étude d'un réformateur de gazole assisté par plasma dédié au post-traitement des NOx émis par un moteur Diesel". Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0037.
Pełny tekst źródłaTo meet the future Euro 6 regulation for NOₓ emission from diesel engines, car manufacturers are considering the use od a NOₓ trap catalyst. During the regeneration phase, reducing species (H2, CO, HC) are brought to the stored NOₓ trap which will convert the NOₓ into N2. This injection of reductants can be achieved by engine control or by a reforming process. The plasma reformer offers an aletrnative to traditional reforming catalysts to produce syngas. This thesis is part of researches investigated at the Center for Energy and Processes for twenty years on the plasma-assisted hydrocarbon conversion. The first goal of this thesis was to show experimentally the feasibility and viability of plasma-assisted exhaust gas fuel reforming of diesel fuel for onboard application. The experimental bench, designed for the H2 fuel cell feeding, has been adapted to meet this new application. It has been demonstrated, on two engine operation points, that performances were sensitive to the available oxygen rate in exhaust gases. The NOₓ trap regeneration can be estimated to 12 s at low load. The second goal was to develop numerical models to understand the coupled physical and chamical phenomena occuring with the plasma. Three models have been developped. A first 3 D MHD model gave intereting results hardly experimentally measurable about the intrinsic properties of the low-current arc. A more complex model including the vortex injection of gases and the restrike mode has been implemented. A 1D multistage kinetic model, using a detail kinetic mechanism of a diesel fuel surrogate molecule, has resulted in acquiring the trends of different parameters which have been then compared with experimental results. Finally, a 2 D asisymmetric model was developped to study the interaction between the plasma, considered as a heat source, and chemical Kinetics
Chini, Catherine. "Recherche d'un ou plusieurs marqueurs de la pollution de l'air par l'aérosol diesel". Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120021.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuriez, Valérie. "Préparation et caractérisation de pérovskites substituées : application à l'élimination catalytique simultanée des suies et des oxydes d'azote issus des moteurs diesel". Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMP815S.
Pełny tekst źródłaNoirot, Rémi. "Etude expérimentale et paramétrique de la combustion de suies sur filtre à particules : application à l'épuration des échappements des moteurs Diesel". Mulhouse, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MULH0147.
Pełny tekst źródłaBonnefoy, Frédéric. "Destruction des polluants carbonés et des oxydes d'azote dans les conditions d'un échappement diesel : étude expérimentale et théorique". Mulhouse, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MULH0237.
Pełny tekst źródłaCarré, Vincent. "Caractérisation par désorption / ionisation laser couplée à la spectrométrie de masse de particules émises par des véhicules diesel : mise en place d'une méthode impliquant la formation de complexes à transfert de charge". Metz, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2004/Carre.Vincent.SMZ0403.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are often associated to complex matrices, as for example exhaust diesel particulate matter (DPM). We choose to use laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform ion resonance cyclotron mass spectrometry (LDI-FTICRMS). The deposit of complexing agent directly on a sampling filter leads to the formation of charge transfer (C-T) with PAHs absorbed on DPM and limits their sublimation during analysis. The laser irradiation at short wavelength (222 nm) and low laser power density (51́06 W. Cm-2) of these so-prepared samples allows PAH molecular ion production to be dramatically increased. This methodology has been applied for the first time to different kinds of particulate matter. These exhaust particles are collected on a standard chassis dynamometer according to the different parts of the new European driving cycle (NEDC) define for light-duty by the economic commission for Europe (urban driving condition with cold start or warm engine, and extra urban driving conditions). The influence of engine temperature, driving conditions and fuel PAH and sulfur contents on PAHs patterns of DPM has been highlighted. Collaboration with the LCSR laboratory (Orléans) was also conducted to investigated model soot particles produced in a shock tube with various precursors representative to the different chemical compounds present in gasoline. Strong correlation between the nature of precursor and the soot particle fingerprint is observed. Soot particles produced by aromatic precursor (toluene) present a specific PAH pattern, which is characterized by a less detection of heavy compounds
Huguet, Christelle. "Etude cinétique de la combustion des suies diésel : application à la modélisation de la régénération du filtre à particule". Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2067.
Pełny tekst źródłaDayma, Guillaume. "Étude de l'oxydation et de la combustion de précurseurs de suies". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2003_DAYMA_G.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaWhen government decide to increase taxes on Diesel fuel and try to push for less polluting fuels, it appears useful to work on soot formation du ring the combustion in angines in arder to limit their emission. The chapter 1 of this report gives generalities about combustion, oxidation mechanisms, soot formation and presents a bibliographie review of former works on cyclohexene and aliene. Chapter Il presents experimental apparatus used in this work detailing the premixed laminar flame set up during this study. Chapter Ill presents the mechanisms written to reproduce our experimental results obtained in flame for aliene and in shock tube and perfectly jet-stirred reactor for cyclohexene and also the comparison with simulations
Ayachi, Naceur. "Contribution à l'étude de la formation de la suie dans les milieux en combustion par les méthodes optiques basées sur la diffusion de lumière". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ECDL0026.
Pełny tekst źródłaVonarb, Régis. "Contribution à l'étude des phénomènes d'inflammation et de propagation de la combustion d'un lit de suies diesel additivées". Mulhouse, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MULH0579.
Pełny tekst źródłaIfrah, Simon. "Synthèse de pérosckites La1-xAxBO3 (A = Sr, Ag, Ce ; B = Mn, Cr ; 0 ≤ x ≤ 0,2) par des méthodes conventionnelles ou assistées par micro-ondes pour la combustion catalytiue du méthane et des suies". Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10215.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this study was to develop and to optimize the preparation of La1-xAxBO3+δ perovskites catalysts (A = Sr, Ag, Ce; B = Mn or Cr; 0 ≤ x ≤ 0. 2) used for methane combustion. Catalysts were prepared, at atmospheric pressure or under pressure (hydrothermal conditions), by conventional methods (co-precipitation) and non conventional methods such as microwaves irradiation. The method of preparation has an important effect on the physico-chemical properties of the prepared catalysts and affects consequently their catalytic activity in methane combustion. The substitution of active elements (Sr, Ag, Ce) in the networks of LaMnO3 and LaCrO3 allows to lower considerably the light-off temperature (T50) of methane combustion. The lanthanum-chromium oxides system exists under various forms: LaCrO3, LaCr2O6, LaCrO3- La2O3 and LaCrO3-LaCr2O6 whose obtaining depends on the used mode of synthesis. The content of the secondary phase (LaCr2O6 or La2O3) is dependent on the atmosphere, the temperature and the duration of calcination used. These catalysts present different reducibility (mobility of the oxygen species) which affects their activity in methane or diesel soot combustion. However, LaCrO3 perovskite, prepared using hydrothermal method which was found to be hardly reducible and possessing a great BET surface area, leads to an important activity in diesel soot combustion (Tmax = 435°C) but shows low activity in methane combustion. All manganese based catalysts are affected by the poisoning by H2S, who provokes a decrease of the catalytic activity in combustion of the methane which is connected to the decrease of the number of the active sites. The latter remain, however noticeable in the case of the most active catalyst La0. 8Ag0. 2MnO3+δ prepared using microwaves assisted hydrothermal synthesis
Vaezzadeh, Kourosh. "Dépollution des effluents des moteurs lean-burn et Diesel : Application des hétéropolyacides aux technologies axées sur le piégeage chimique des NOx". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13095.
Pełny tekst źródłaAloui, Hichem. "Etude de l'oxydation catalytique des suies Diesel sur poudre métallique activée". Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2330.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe, Chanu Valérie. "Contribution à la recherche de catalyseurs de types zéolithiques pour l'élimination des oxydes d'azote des gaz d'échappement de moteurs diesel". Mulhouse, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MULH0387.
Pełny tekst źródłaBion, Anne. "Evaluation de l'impact toxicologique d'effluents moteur sur des cultures organotypiques de tranches de poumon de rat : cas d'un moteur diesel et d'un moteur à allumage commandé". Rouen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ROUES006.
Pełny tekst źródłaToday air quality is among the population very first concerns about environment and health. In addition to pollution due to industrial activities, the population has recently been sensitised to the problems of pollution due to vehicles. Thus, this work relates to the study of the response of organotypic cultures of precision cut rat lung slices exposed to a continuous flow of diluted engine exhausts (gas and particles). The biological system allows to study the potential impact of the particles, as well as the effects induced by exhausts resulting from various engines (Diesel and spark-ignition). Our results point out that Diesel particles can induce an inflammatory response, as well as an apoptotic phenomenon. A thorough study shows that, under our experimental conditions, the mechanisms of action do not imply a stage of pollutants desorption adsorbed on Diesel particles. In addition, our studies show that the engine exhausts effects are not only limited to those of the particulate phase. Indeed, the experiments carried out with Diesel and spark-ignition engine exhausts show a prevailing role of the gas phase in the biological effects. Our results tend to show that the oxidising nature of the exhausts characterised by nitrogen oxides and particularly by NO2/NO ratio, would be implied in the gas phase-induced effects. Thus, under slightly oxidising conditions, the gas phase of the Diesel engine exhausts involves an oxidative stress associated with an inflammatory response and DNA damages ; these experimental conditions do not induce cytotoxicity. Under strongly oxidising conditions, the gas phase of the Diesel and spark-ignition engine exhausts induces a cytotoxic effect, an oxidative stress and a TNFalpha production decrease. The modification of the oxidising potential of the atmosphere with the use of a three ways catalyst has allowed the maintenance of the cellular viability and the TNFalpha production, thus confirming the assumption of oxidising molecules implication in the biological effects. Finally, our work shows all the importance that there will be in the future not to have an exclusive interest in the impact of the particulate fraction. Taking into account of the gas phase "toxic potential" by a global approach of the exhausts, appears from now to be a strong concept impossible to circumvent
Eymerie, Stéphane. "Etude expérimentale des décharges atmosphériques générées par impulsions nanosecondes : Application au traitement des particules de suie Diesel". Rouen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ROUES025.
Pełny tekst źródłaUp to date, Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) is the most efficient system dedicated to filtration of soot particulates emitted by internal combustion engines. However, treatment of trapped particulates by molecular oxygen at temperature levels around 600ʿC induces some engine management strategy difficulties. Another way for this treatment consists in producing the most homogeneous streamer discharge inside the filter. This discharge is a very strong non equilibrium thermodynamic medium in which reactive species to soot particulates can be generated from ambient temperature up to 600°C. In order to optimize efficiency and energetic cost of the process, very fast rise time (< 10 ns) and short duration (< 1 microseconde) Marx generator high voltage pulses are applied to produce the discharges
Vanrell, Brigitte. "Caractérisations physico-chimiques et biologiques des émissions Diesel : étude des extraits particulaires et mise au point d'un protocole d'exposition directe d'un système bactérien". Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P606.
Pełny tekst źródłaBarraud, Claire. "Impact des stratégies de post-traitements sur la génotoxicité des aérosols complexes émis par les moteurs diesel utilisant des carburants biosourcés". Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN4009.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe goal of this thesis was the mutagenicity and genotoxicity assessment of whole exhausts issued from diesel engine together with the impact of new biodiesel fuels supplemented with rapeseed methyl ester (rmc) and the impact of aftertreatment devices (diesel oxidation catalyst and particulate filter). An original exposure device was used on various biological models, exposed directly under a continuous flow of exhaust (on line exposure), and compared with more classical exposure to resuspended particles (off line exposure) in liquid phase. On line exposure device is thought to be more realistic. This on line exposure model provides an innovative tool for the study of genotoxicity and mutagenicity of diesel exhausts, underlining the significant contribution of the gaseous phase. In contrast, particles implication seems to be by far more limited. Aftertreatment devices induce a very significant reduction of mutagenic and genotoxic effects of the particulate matter. On line protocol showed a limited but significant remaining genotoxicity and mutagenicity associated with the gaseous phase. Concerning biofuels, particulate matter is more genotoxic and mutagenic than that issued from standard gasoil. However, on line exposure to the whole aerosol reveals the lower pro-oxidant potential of biofuels. In all cases, the differences between fuels are dramatically reduced, or abolished, by the aftertreatment devices
Bouteiller, Bernard. "Etude théorique et expérimentale des filtres à particules à substrat céramique pour moteur Diésel : application à une nouvelle géométrie de cellules". Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE2017.
Pełny tekst źródłaValentino, Sarah. "Effets multigénérationnels d'une exposition maternelle aux gaz d'échappement de moteur diesel pendant la gestation sur le développement foeto-placentaire dans un modèle lapin". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA013/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAtmospheric pollution is a major threat for human health, causing 3.7 million premature deaths worldwide in 2012. Air pollution, as well as other environmental factors (e.g., nutrition, stress) faced by pregnant women may affect fetal development. The objective of this work was to study the impact of gestational exposure to diesel engine exhaust (DE), a major source of air pollution, on the fetoplacental development in the first (F1) and second (F2) generation. Pregnant rabbits (F0) were exposed 2h/day from 3 to 27 days post-conception (dpc) at DE levels mimicking a pollution peak in major European cities. Gestational exposure of F0 females induced signs of fetal hypotrophia (reduced head length, placental efficiency and hypoinsulinemia in fetuses at 28 dpc) associated with placental vasculature failure and placental functional deregulations identified by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) on transcriptomic data (dedicated microarray). Transplacental transfer of inhaled nanoparticles was demonstrated by transmission electronic microscopy. In F2 generation, plasma triglyceride concentrations were reduced and plasma cholesterol concentration increased in fetuses of in utero exposed F1 rabbits. Placental biometry and structure were not affected. GSEA analysis of F2 placental transcriptome revealed disturbances in gene networks involved in formation of proteaome and exosome, in inflammation. Modulations of placental and fetal fatty acid profiles suggest anti-inflammatory adaptive mechanisms in F2 fetuses. In conclusion, chronic gestational exposure to diesel engine exhaust affects fetoplacental development over several generations. These data highlight health hazards caused by DE nanoparticles and currently not subject to regulation
Van-Hulle, Pascal. "Caractérisation des aérosols émis par la combustion des hydrocarbures : application à la mesure de l'indice de réfraction des suies". Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES009.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe, Prieur Elsa. "Impact toxicologique d'un flux continu d'échappements d'un moteur diesel sur un modèle de culture organotypique de poumon de rat dans un nouveau système d'exposition biphasique air/liquide : Influence de l'utilisation d'un biocarburant, l'ester méthylique de colza". Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUES049.
Pełny tekst źródłaPesant, Laurie. "Elaboration d'un nouveau système catalytique à base de carbure de silicium (β-SiC) pour la combustion des suies issues des automobiles à moteur Diesel". Strasbourg 1, 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/PESANT_Laurie_2005.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe use of Diesel engines has greatly increased over recent years due to their reliability, durability and efficiency that implies a low fuel consumption. However, Diesel engines emit a large amount of pollutants that are NOx and soot particles. This thesis is based on the development of platinum supported on -SiC foam for oxidising particulate matter in Diesel engine exhaust gases. This work was done in collaboration with Sicat which develops silicon carbide industrial scale production. The -SiC foam presents several advantages which are a high thermal conductivity, a high mechanical strength, a medium surface area, a lightness, a high tortuosity and an easily shaping compared to the classical material (-SiC) used in particulate filter. The performance of the catalyst (Pt/-SiC) has been evaluated first in the catalytic combustion of model carbon particles. Works have showed that the -SiC is an adequate support for the catalytic combustion of model Diesel carbon particles in a continuous mode without any apparent deactivation as compared to low surface area -SiC. The high resistance towards deactivation as a function of the combustion tests on the -SiC was attributed to its peculiar surface reactivity with the deposited platinum particles which allowed the accessibility of these sites to the reactants to be maintained. In addition the catalyst performance has been tested on a real bench test. These results indicate a high catalytic volume efficiency of the catalysed foam. The filtration and combustion capacity of such a catalyst reached about 50 to 70% in number of particles
Sri, Rahayu Wuryaningsih. "Préparation, caractérisation et mise en œuvre de catalyseurs à base de pérovskites dans la combustion des suies diesel". Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD695.
Pełny tekst źródłaAjrouche, Hussein. "Mesures optiques d'imbrûlés - applications aux émissions des moteurs Diesel et des réacteurs". Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUES021.
Pełny tekst źródłaMiquel, Pierre. "Réduction catalytique de NOx par les hydrocarbures sur des catalyseurs à base de perovskite : application à la dépollution de moteurs Diesel". Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10162/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study aims to develop a catalyst able to reduce nitrous oxides (NOx) pollutants in Diesel-engine conditions by hydrocarbons and/or hydrogen. The first goal was to eliminate rhodium and platinum based catalysts, which were replaced by palladium deposited on perovskite supports. The major drawback of deposited noble metals is the low N2 selectivity in lean –burn conditions. From a practical point of view, adding reducing agents enhancing NOx conversion, especially at low temperature, is a distinct possibility. Moreover, N2 selective conversion needs promotion. Indeed, N2O formation is often observed at low temperature and low NOx conversion. This phenomenon must be avoided due to the high greenhouse power of N2O. This reaction was carried out on palladium impregnated LaFeO3 perovskite with high oxygen, carbon dioxide and water content. Results were highly dependent of support preparation method or modifications as well as of impregnation precursor. Interactions between noble metal and perovskite support seem to play a key role in NOx conversion preservation after ageing under reactive conditions. This effect is attributed to better stabilization of palladium dispersion on perovskite surface compared to conventional supports like alumina
Leray, Alexis. "Identification des mécanismes physico-chimiques impliqués dans le post-traitement plasma des gaz d'échappement et études comparatives des différentes technologies plasma". Thesis, Orléans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ORLE2049.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe new HCCI combustion mode is well adapted to improve nitrogen oxide and particulate matter reduction from Diesel engine in order to meet future emission regulations adopted in the Euro zone. However, HCCI engines emit relatively high amounts of unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide due to lower engine exhaust temperature increasing the catalyst light-off time and decreasing the average efficiency of the Diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC). In this environmental and economic context, the combination of plasma with DOC has been considered especially for intermittent use during the cold start. The thesis presents the combination of nonthermal plasma upstream Diesel oxidation catalyst (Pt-Pd/Al2O3) applied to the treatment of simulating Diesel HCCI exhaust gas (O2-NO-H2O-CO-CO2-CH4-C3H6-C7H8-C10H22-N2). The studies were conducted at atmospheric pressure with a pilot-scale dielectric barrier discharge reactor (DBD) on two experimental devices. The first is a laboratory scale set-up (low flow rate : 20 Lmin−1) used to understand the physico-chemical involving the plasma and the catalyst by focusing on the by-products reactions. The second is an industrial scale (gas flow rate up to 260 Lmin−1) used to study the feasibility and the efficiency of the plasma-DOC system under conditions similar to those encountered in Diesel exhaust engine. The effects of the plasma, the DOC and the plasma-DOC systems on the exhaust gas have been investigated under various conditions. The main contribution of the plasma was to give a « thermal » and a chemical « push » to the DOC resulting in the decrease of light-off temperature for CO and HC oxidation. These improvements were shown to depend on the treatment conditions (injected energy i.e. energy density, space velocity, gas temperature and nature of the driving cycle). It is shown that for a simulated European Driving Cycle (NEDC), the combination of plasma upstream DOC reduces the cumulative mass of CO and hydrocarbons by about 68% and 42%, respectively, in accordance with the Euro 6 standard (2014). The efficiency of plasma for hydrocarbons and NO oxidation at low temperature in high flow conditions (up to 900 Lmin−1 on the NEDC) has been confirmed and the main reaction products identified and quantified
Castric, Sébastien. "Méthodes de recalage de modèles et application aux émissions des moteurs diesel". Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1696.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince some decades, European vehicles are subjected to normative laws about pollutant emissions. To face these constraints, car manufacturers have used more and more complex technologies especially for diesel engine cars. This situation has led to a complexification of engine tuning since the numbers of setting parameters has increased too. The present research work was made for the car manufacturer Renault SAS. It aims at proposing methods that allow readjusting models and applications over pollutant models of diesel engine. Renault decided to use techniques of design of experiments, modelling and optimization to solve the problem of diesel engine tuning for emissions. Even if this approach gave good results, it has some drawbacks. The tuning process is composed of loops. Each loop involves hardware changes in the engine. In this case, the model representing the engine’s behaviour, which is a LOLIMOT model, is not valid anymore. Considering that it is not possible to completely rebuild a model, a question appears: “How is it possible to readjust the model after an hardware change by doing as few tests as possible?” This PhD proposes some ways to solve this problem. The first one consists in using the bayesian theory. By using the initial model as an a priori, we created an algorithm permitting to readjust LOLIMOT models. In addition, we proposed a method derived from the first one, and, which aims at using the tuner knowledge about the engine as a prior knowledge. We tested our methods by simulation and owing to tests made on a 2L diesel engine, which was subjected to different hardware changes. In a second time, we considered that even if the Bayesian theory is able to take into account some knowledge, it does not take into account the hardware change characteristics. Thus, we decided to create a new model integrating physical parameters, like, for example, the number of holes in the injectors. We developed a model of diesel combustion. It simulates the evolution of thermodynamic variables inside the combustion chamber even for the multi injection case. Next, we adapted models of pollutants using these variables as inputs. We tested the whole model on prediction of cylinder pressure and pollutants over 2L diesel engine tests
Zam, Edwin. "Identification et quantification des composés nitrés dans les gaz d'échappement des véhicules : développement d'outils analytiques performants et de systèmes de prélèvements adaptés". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAF052/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) reduces nitrous oxides (NOx) in the exhaust line of a Diesel vehicle using a reducing solution containing urea injected upstream of a catalyst. Urea is converted by pyrolysis and hydrolysis in NH3, NH3 reduces NOx in N2 on the catalyst. However, as this technique involves a very complex set of reactions, many side reactions can lead to the formation of secondary products containing nitrogen and disturb the process. Therefore, the study of the measurement of these secondary products and the conditions of their formation is essential for the proper calibration of the SCR technology. If for some compounds, the measurement techniques are already on the market, for other devices they are still developing, but in all cases, we are faced with problems related to the collection of species that disturb measurement. The objective of this thesis is to identify, understandand quantify the phenomena that disturb the analysis of nitrogen compounds in the exhaust and the sampling line. The work was carried out in different areas of research: comparison of methods for measuring nitrogen compounds in real situations in the exhaust gas of a Diesel engine equipped with an SCR catalyst, study of the sampling of nitrogen compounds and particularly NH3 in a standard sampling line and modelling of losses in the sampling line. At the end of this work, we evaluated the impact of sampling conditions: temperature, gas composition and / or length of the sample lines on the measurement results. This work allows us to make suggestions to improve the sampling and the measurement of nitrogen compounds present in the exhaust of a Diesel vehicle equipped with an SCR
Kieffer, Charlotte. "Étude d’un catalyseur commercial de NH3-SCR à base de zéolithe échangée au cuivre : activité catalytique, sélectivité, stabilité hydrothermale". Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENCM0010/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) by ammonia, or urea, is a well-known after-treatment process used for converting efficiently the nitrogen oxides, emitted by Diesel engines, into nitrogen and water. Copper-exchanged zeolites are among the most efficient formulations for light-duty applications, since effective over a wide temperature-range. The aim of this thesis is to study the hydrothermal stability of this type of catalyst. The approach used is this work is based on the study of the catalytic properties of a fresh commercial monolith catalyst for NH3-SCR in fresh and after different ageing conditions, at synthetic gas test bench, coupled with a comprehensive physicochemical analysis of the catalyst active phase. This allowed us to understand the deactivation phenomena occurring during a hydrothermal ageing and the impact on the catalyst activity and selectivity. A hydrothermal treatment induces a dealumination of the zeolite, into a more or less significant extent, which can lead to its collapse, as well as important modifications of the copper sites, even at low ageing. The results showed the importance to maintain a minimal copper content into exchanged sites, in order to retain a sufficient ammonia storage capacity, and especially to provide a good efficiency for the SCR of NO at low temperature. The preservation of the zeolite structure seems to be essential in order to maintain the catalyst efficiency and selectivity over time
Sabeh, Zahi. "Diagnostic à base de modèle : application à un moteur diesel suralimenté à injection directe". Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00139674.
Pełny tekst źródła