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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Mosdot M"
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Summerer, Leonhard. "Generalized simultaneous approximation to m linearly dependent reals". Moscow Journal of Combinatorics and Number Theory 8, nr 3 (23.07.2019): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2140/moscow.2019.8.219.
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Novikov, Mikhail, i Tatyana Perfilova. "“It was a man of labor”: in memory of M.M. Khvostov". OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2020, nr 10-4 (1.10.2020): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202010statyi84.
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The publication is devoted to the analysis of the scientific work of the famous Russian historian, a graduate of the Imperial Moscow University, M.M. Khvostov, who made a serious contribution to the development of theoretical and methodological foundations of historical science, as well as to the study of socio-economic problems of the historical process in ancient civilizations and especially in Hellenistic Egypt. Previously unexplored aspects of its scientific and professional culture are revealed. An application is formulated for the creation of a detailed study on the image of historical science in the interpretation of the kazan professor within the framework of the “new” history of intellectual thought.
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Izotova, Anna Alexandrovna. "Bastrakova K. D., Philippova M. M. Political Euphemism as a Linguistic ‘Nuclear Weapon’. Moscow: Moscow University Press, 2021. 183 p.: Opinion Paper". Filologičeskie nauki. Voprosy teorii i praktiki, nr 1 (styczeń 2023): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/phil20220720.
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Skripova, Olga Alexandrovna. "M. TSVETAEVA AS A “MOSCOW” POET". Ural Philological Herald. Series Russian Literature of XX-XXI centures: Directions and Trends, nr 3 (2019): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26170/ufv19-03-04.
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Stepanov, Serge V. "In Memory of Vsevolod M. Byakov". Radioelectronics. Nanosystems. Information Technologies. 14, nr 1 (12.04.2022): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17725/rensit.2022.14.099.
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Information is presented about the deceased Vsevolod Mikhailovich Byakov - Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor, Leading Researcher, Advisor to the Director for Research at the Alikhanov Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NRC "Kurchatov Institute" Moscow), a prominent specialist in the field of radiation chemistry of condensed matter: basic biographical data, education at the Faculty of Physics of Lomonosov Moscow State University, work at the Alikhanov ITEP (Moscow), Ph.D. and doctoral dissertations (Physical and Mathematical Sciences), authorship of more than 300 scientific papers in scientific journals and three books, membership in scientific councils, participation and organization of Russian and international conferences and seminars, editing in scientific journals, management doctoral and candidate dissertations.
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Glushkova, Olga. "V. M. Metallov — priest, scholar, educationalist". St. Tikhons' University Review. Series V. Christian Art 53 (29.03.2024): 133–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturv202453.133-158.
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This article presents the experience of working in the genre of scientific biography of an outstanding representative of Russian culture at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries, priest Vasily Mikhailovich Metallov, who combined church service with scientific and pedagogical musical activity (to a lesser extent, composing).V.M. Metallov has come a long way from a provincial rural priest to the rector of the Kazan Church on Red Square in Moscow. Developing the talent of a research scientist, he achieved great results in the field of studying ancient Russian church music history, set forth in a number of fundamental works. In his extensive pedagogical activity, he sought to transfer his scientific knowledge to students of spiritual and secular educational institutions in Saratov and Moscow: the Saratov Theological Seminary, the Synodal School of Church Singing, the Moscow Conservatory of the Russian Musical Society, the Archaeological Institute.The central place in the secular ministry of V.M. Metallov was occupied by the Moscow Conservatory. In it, he continued the tradition of teaching the spiritual and musical training course «The History of Church Singing», the founder of which was Archpriest Dimitri Vasilyevich Razumovsky, and the successor Stepan Vasilyevich Smolensky. By his works and trying to preserve the presence of the spiritual and musical subject in the conditions of the reformation after 1917 of pre-revolutionary musical education at the Moscow Conservatory, V.M. In this way, he preserved the foundation, which in the future allowed the interest of musical researchers to revive in the national «monument» — the ancient Russian church music art.The article observes the chronological outline of the biography of V.M. Metallov, supplemented by a number of little-known details and documentary evidence discovered during the study of archival materials and documents.
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Dolinskaya, E. B. "THE SECOND BIRTH OF THE OPERA "ASYA" BY M. M. IPPOLITOV-IVANOV". Arts education and science 3, nr 32 (2022): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/hon.202203016.
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The article is devoted to the revival of the opera "Asya" by M. M. Ippolitov-Ivanov in a concert version at the Great Hall of the Moscow Conservatory. The article compares the text of the story "Asya" by I. S. Turgenev and the libretto of the eponymous opera by M. M. Ippolitov- Ivanov, which was first staged at the Russian Private Opera on September 28, 1900 under the direction of its author with the scenery by M. Vrubel. The dramatic features of the opera "Asya" are briefly characterized as lyrical scenes, partly inheriting the genre features of Tchaikovsky's opera "Eugene Onegin". The questions of the internal relationship of the musical material are raised: through repetitions or figurative allusions of waltz, through contrasting mass scenes (with an abundance of participants: students, walking crowds, men, women, children) and lyrical chamber episodes (Asya, her brother Gagin and Mr. N. N.). The role of the direct quotations in the score by Ippolitov-Ivanov (the student's anthem "Gaudeamus igitur" and "Landesvater", the ceremony of stringing student's hats on a sword), and light allusions to Tchaikovsky's "Eugene Onegin", are discussed. In conclusion, the concert performance of "Asya" at the Great Hall of the Moscow Conservatory on June 6, 2022, is briefly reviewed.
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Shaveleva, Marina, i Natalya Kuznetsova. "M.V. Goppius (1875—1961): personality and power". OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2022, nr 6-2 (1.06.2022): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202206statyi51.
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M.V. Goppius (1870-1961) was a teacher by training, and the member of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party of the Bolsheviks since 1904. In 1899-1919 she was living in Arzamas, leading a local revolutionary club. On April, 4th (17th) in her apartment there was a meeting of social-democrats’ group which established the party organisation of the Bolsheviks in Arzamas.At that meeting Goppius was elected as the secretary of the committee. After October 1917 she remained at party and soviet work in Arzamas, later she was managing the propaganda department in the Nizhny Novgorod governorate committee of the party. After moving to Moscow she got a job in the sphere of education. At present one of the streets in Arzamas is called after M.V Goppius.
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Nalyvayko, R. A. "Evolution of Image of the Moscow State in Historical Works of Jan Dlugosh and Matvey Mehovsky: Second Half of XV - First Third of XVI Centuries". Nauchnyy Dialog, nr 1 (30.01.2020): 422–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-1-422-432.
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The article is devoted to the evolution of the image of the Moscow principality, and then the state in the works of Polish chroniclers of the XV-XVI centuries Jan Dlugosh and Matvey Mekhovsky. Attention is paid to the characteristics of Moscow, and how these characteristics changed as it strengthened. Particular attention is paid to the assessments of J. Dlugosh and M. Mekhovsky regarding their contemporary Moscow princes and rulers of Poland and Lithuania, as well as the expansion of the territory of the Moscow principality. Respect for Moscow princes and criticism of Polish rulers are especially noted. Based on a comparative analysis of the news of J. Dlugosh and M. Mekhovsky, a growing interest in the Moscow state is shown, a geographical description of which is given by M. Mekhovsky. The work shows that the Polish chroniclers have not yet been interested in the internal political history of Moscow - all references were exclusively related to Polish or Lithuanian events. The relevance of the study is due to the role played by Polish historiography of the XV-XVI centuries in shaping the image of the Moscow state, Russia in Europe, in particular, M. Mekhovsky’s Treatise on the Two Sarmatians.
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Plotnikova, Anastasia G. "M. Gorky and Lada Mogilyanskaya". Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education 1, nr 6 (listopad 2021): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.6-21.141.
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The article reconstructs the biography of a little-known Ukrainian poetess Lada Mogylianskaya and the history of her relationship with M. Gorky; fragments of her poems in Ukrainian and Russian are given. Mogilyanskaya was first repressed in 1929 in the case of the Ukrainian “Democratic Union”, passed through the Solovetsky prison, D.S. Likhachev. Subsequently, she ended up at the construction site of the White Sea-Baltic Canal, was released ahead of schedule and received an award sign. From 1934 she worked in the cultural and educational department of the Dmitrov prison and on the construction of the Moscow — Volga Canal. M. Gorky repeatedly took part in the fate of Mogilyanskaya, appealing to high-ranking officials and petitioning to alleviate her fate. In 1937, after the arrest of G.G. Yagoda and the head of Dmitlag S.G. Firin, she was repressed a second time and died. The article also examines the work of the cultural and educational departments of the GULAG, in which representatives of the creative intelligentsia could escape from overwhelming, destructive labor. For the first time, the article introduces into scientific circulation M. Gorky's letters to various persons related to the fate of the poetess, letters to him from the Ukrainian philologist M.M. Mogilyansky, poet S. Marshak and other documents stored in the A.M. Gorky’s archive in Moscow.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Mosdot M"
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Tsitomeneas, Stephanos. "Conception, étude théorique et réalisation d'un convertisseur intensité-fréquence optoélectronique à amplificateur opérationnel et MOSFETs de puissance". Metz, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1994/Tsitomeneas.Stefanos.SMZ9462.pdf.
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Le présent travail trouve son origine dans la mise en place théorique et expérimentale des études de modulation externe de la lumière d'un faisceau laser par des matériaux électrooptiques (montage Senarmont), visant à contribuer au développement des communications optiques. Un faisceau laser modulé en phase est transporté à une certaine distance au bout de laquelle cette modulation est transformée en modulation d'amplitude du faisceau lumineux. Il importait donc de concevoir, de réaliser et de tester un ensemble électronique permettant de saisir l'information ainsi transmise, mais sous une forme immédiatement exploitable dans des systèmes digitaux. Le moyen imaginé consiste à transformer la porteuse et la modulation d'intensité lumineuse en une fréquence électronique (convertisseur intensité fréquence : CIF), mais en ayant le souci non seulement de ne pas augmenter le bruit, mais au contraire de le diminuer. De par sa conception, notre système est immédiatement utilisable comme entrée d'un microprocesseur pouvant faire partie d'un ensemble plus complexe. En résume, on peut dire que dans le présent travail nous avons examiné le procédé de photodétection associée à l'intégration optoélectronique, accompagnée par la réalisation de trois systèmes qui la mettent en pratique. Les principes théoriques sont confirmés par les résultats obtenus concernant la linéarité, la région dynamique, les caractéristiques du bruit et l'amélioration du rapport SNR. Il faut ajouter qu'on peut réussir une amélioration plus importante du rapport SNR en développant le procédé de traitement de fréquence vers des systèmes du type PLL. L'avantage de la PLL comme détecteur de fréquence, réside dans le fait que le seuil de détection (démodulation) baisse d'environ 3 Db. Une autre possibilité pour la détection de fréquence, est la connexion du CIF à un micro-ordinateur ou micro-processeur assurant la commande des caractéristiques du système. Les applications possibles d'un CIF concernent en général les systèmes dans lesquels le bruit aux basses fréquences est élevé, ou dans lesquels la puissance incidente du signal optique est très petite, ou quand l'intérêt réside sur l'intégration des pulsations optiques, ou enfin dans le cas de production de composants électroniques actifsThe present work originates in the experimental and theorical study of the external modulation of a laser beam by electrooptical materials, in the Senarmont arrangement ; the aim is to contribute to the development of the optical telecommunications. A phase modulated laser beam is transported at a certain distance where it is transformed into an amplitude modulation. It is thus necessary to conceive, to realise and to test an electronic device able to detect the transmitted information, but in a form immediately useful in digital systems. The device imagined transforms the amplitude modulation of the light beam into an electronic frequency (Converter of Intensity to Frequency :CIF), with the care not only to avoid any increase of noise but in the contrary to decrease it. By its basic conception, the device is able to be connected directly to a microprocessor, part of a more complex system. Our work presents the association of the photodetection to the optoelectronic integration, accompanied by three realisations; The theoretical principles have been confirmed by the experimental results relative to linearity, dynamical range, noise characteristics and the improvsement of the SNR. The advantage of the PLL type as detector was emphasised. The possible applications of a CIF concern in general systems in which the noise is high in low frequencies, in systems in which the optical signal incident power is very weak, when the interest is focused on the integration of the optical pulses, or finally in the case of the production of active electronic devices
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Picard, Cyrille. "Utilisation des transistors MOS à effet de champ de type COTS en environnement radiatif ionisant". Metz, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2000/Picard.Cyrille.SMZ0040.pdf.
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Bien que spécifiques, les environnements radiatifs sont variés et représentent des investissements considérables. L'électronique, et en particulier la technologie MOS, est sensible aux radiations. Quoi que non dédiés aux environnements hostiles, les composants COTS, sont de plus en plus utilisés afin de réduire les coûts. Afin d'obtenir l'assurance de leur tenue à la dose, des tests sont nécessaires mais ajoutent un coût non négligeable. L'étude est consacrée à l'amélioration de la caractérisation et de l'utilisation des MOSFETs en environnement radiatif. Les méthodes de caractérisations thermiques permettent de déterminer la dynamique de dépiégeage des charges et conduisent aux niveaux énergétiques des pièges. L'étude théorique montre qu'un raisonnement sur une énergie d'activation moyenne conduisait à sous estimer celle-ci ainsi que le facteur de fréquence. Une simulation basée sur plusieurs énergies d'activation proches permet un meilleur ajustement avec les résultats expérimentaux. Différents traitements tels que l'implantation ionique, le stress électrique et même une pré-irradiation, ont été testés pour améliorer la tenue des composants COTS à la dose. La technique de pré-irradiation consiste à modifier certains paramètres électriques par irradiation ou stress électrique et impose une adaptation du système. La méthode du stress électrique utilise la forte création d'états d'interface qui intervient au bout d'une certaine durée de stress. Celle-ci entraîne une augmentation de la tension de seuil et permet de retarder la perte de fonctionnalité du composant lors de l'irradiation. Les équivalences observées entre les effets d'un stress électrique positif et ceux d'une irradiation ont conduit à la mise au point d'une méthode de sélection par stress électrique des composants pour l'environnement radiatif. Le stress électrique permet une réduction des coûts, un gain de temps et améliore la caractérisation d'un lot en mettant en évidence les problèmes de dispersion.
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Blampain, Eloi. "Analyse et étude de transistors nLDDMOSFETs de technologie 1. 2 micromètres, et des effets induits par irradiations". Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/Blampain.Eloi.SMZ9707.pdf.
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Sous l'impulsion des innovations technologiques récentes, la réduction des dimensions des composants électroniques a entrainé une modification importante de leur comportement électrique et une plus grande sensibilité aux agressions extérieures. Il est donc toujours d'actualité d'analyser les processus électroniques impliques dans ces nouvelles structures. Dans ce but, nous présentons dans ce travail une étude réalisée sur des transistors nLDDMOSFETs issus de la technologie 1,2 um de matra-mhs, et s'articulant sur deux grands axes principaux: * le premier fait appel à une étude expérimentale, basée d'une part sur l'évolution des paramètres de conduction du transistor, et d'autre part sur la modification des paramètres caractéristiques de la jonction drain-substrat du transistor. Une étude complémentaire de capacités MOS est effectuée en vue d'accéder à d'autres paramètres technologiques. Une méthodologie de caractérisation cohérente du transistor et de ses éléments a été développée. La détérioration des propriétés de la jonction drain-substrat vers le domaine submicronique a été analysée et reliée à la réduction des dimensions. L'effet de la réduction des dimensions sur la tension de seuil a été mis en évidence. * le deuxième est une simulation 2D de ces dispositifs, réalisée sur deux niveaux: une simulation du procédé de fabrication à l'aide du simulateur de process (bidimensionnel) ATHENA. Elle s'appuie essentiellement sur l'ajustement des profils de dopage fournis par le constructeur, par le choix approprie des paramètres process (énergie et dose d'implantation, condition de recuit, etc. ). Une simulation du comportement électrique statique de ces dispositifs à l'aide du simulateur de devices S PISCES 2B, s'appuyant principalement sur le choix des modèles physiques traduisant au mieux les phénomènes à prendre en compte dans ce type de dispositifs. Nos outils de simulation sont distribués par Silvaco international. Finalement, ce travail met au point une méthode de caractérisation cohérente des effets dus aussi bien à la réduction des dimensions, qu'à ceux lies a la dégradation du comportement électrique de ces dispositifs, suite à une irradiation. Il met en place une méthodologie de simulation qui a permis de montrer le rôle de la double implantation du canal (B et As) pour l'ajustement de la tension de seuil, l'influence de l'épaisseur du substrat ainsi que les effets de réduction technologique du canal sur les caractéristiques électriques. Ce travail montre que les irradiations ionisantes et les effets de déplacement peuvent être caractérisés par l'étude de la jonction drain-substrat. Il montre également que la dose influence les processus de conduction dans cette jonction au meme titre qu'une polarisation sur la grilleThe reduction of electronics devices dimensions, produces a strong modification of their electrical characteristics and a high sensitivity to external agressions. In this work we present a study of lightly doped drain (LDD) nLDDMOSFET's of matra-mhs 1. 2 um technology. This work contains two major parts : *the first part concerns an experimental study, based on conduction parameter evolution, and on the modification of the transistor body-drain junction parameters. A complementary study of MOS capacitors has been carried out in order to determine more technological parameters. A coherent characterization method of MOS transistor and their elements has been expanded. Properties degradation of body-drain junction in submicronic range have been analysed and related to dimensions reduction. * The second part presents a two-dimensional simulation of these divices, using two level simulation : a simulation with the 2D simulator ATHENA which provides a two-dimensional simulation of semiconductors processing. This simulation step requires a good choice of process parameters (ion implantation dose, energy, annealing condition. . . ) A two-dimensional electrical behavior simulation with the simulator S PISCES 2B, based on the choice of physical models taken into account for these devices. Finally, this work presents a coherent characterization method of dimensions reductions effects and of electrical behavior degradation of these devices after radiation exposure. It gives a simulation methodology which made it possible to show the role of the double channel implantation (B and As) for the threshold voltage adjustement and substrate thichness influence. This work shows that the ionizing radiation and displacement damage can be characterized by the body-drain junction study. Gate bias and ionizing radiation have the same effects on conduction processes in this junction
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Mello, Israel Sperotto de. "All-MOSFET M-2M digital-to-analog converter for operation with very low supply voltage". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/169086.
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Desde os anos 80 a evolução dos processos de fabricação de circuitos integrados MOS tem buscado a redução da tensão de alimentação, como forma de se reduzir o consumo de energia dos circuitos. Partiu-se dos antigos 5 V, padrão estabelecido pela lógica TTL nos anos 70, até os circuitos modernos que operam com alimentação pouco abaixo de 1 V. Entretanto, desde os primeiros anos da década de 2000, a tensão de alimentação está estabilizada neste patamar, devido a limitações tecnológicas que tem se mostrado difíceis de serem transpostas. Tal desafio tem sido estudado por grupos de pesquisa ao redor do mundo, e diversas estratégias tem sido propostas para se chegar a circuitos analógicos e digitais que operem sob tensão de alimentação bem inferior a 1 V. De fato estes grupos têm focado seus estudos em circuitos que operam com tensão de alimentação inferior a 0,5 V, alguns chegando à casa de 200 ou 100 mV, ou até menor. Dentre as diversas classes de circuitos, os conversores de dados dos tipos digital-analógico (DAC) e analógicodigital (ADC) são circuitos fundamentais ao processo de integração entre os módulos que processam sinais analogicamente e os que processam sinais digitalmente, sendo assim essenciais à implementação dos complexos SoCs (System-on-Chips) da atualidade. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre o desempenho da configuração MOSFET em rede M-2M (similar à rede R-2R que emprega resistores), utilizada como circuito conversor digital-analógico, quando dimensionada para operar sob tensão de alimentação muito baixa, da ordem de 200 mV ou inferior. Tal estudo se baseia no emprego de um modelo para os MOSFETs que é contínuo desde a condição de inversão fraca (subthreshold) até a inversão forte, e inclui o uso de um modelo de descasamento entre MOSFETs que é válido para qualquer condição de operação. Com base neste estudo foi desenvolvida uma metodologia de projeto, capaz de estabelecer as relações de compromisso entre “tensão de alimentação”, “resolução efetiva” e “área ocupada em silício”, fundamentais para se atingir um circuito otimizado. Resultados de simulação elétrica são apresentados e confrontados com os resultados analíticos, visando a comprovação da metodologia. O circuito já foi enviado para fabricação, e deve começar a ser testado em breve.
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Kucher, Katharina. "Der Gorki-Park : Freizeitkultur im Stalinismus 1928 - 1941". Köln [u.a.] Böhlau, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2893354&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.
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Bakhtiar, Hazri. "Caractérisation de structures MOS submicroniques et analyse de défauts induits par irradiation gamma : extrapolation aux défauts induits dans les oxydes de champ des transistors bipolaires". Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Bakhtiar.Hazri.SMZ9934.pdf.
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Les innovations technologiques récentes ont permis le développement de transistor MOS de faibles dimensions, ayant des longueurs de canal et des largeurs de grille inférieures au micromètre. Cela permet de réaliser des circuits à forte densité d'intégration pour des applications à l'électronique. Cependant, la réduction des dimensions fait apparaître toute une gamme d'effets parasites et modifie ainsi les mécanismes de conduction avec l'apparition de nouveaux phénomènes ou des phénomènes qui n'étaient pas dominants dans des structures plus larges. Ceci entraîne un changement du fonctionnement du transistor ainsi que de leurs paramètres électriques. La réduction des dimensions, et en particulier de la longueur de grille des transistors MOS donne naissance à un problème de fiabilité qui était inconnu lors de l'utilisation de transistors à canal long. Les phénomènes de dégradation provenant des forts champs électriques deviennent importants avec la réduction des dimensions engendrant des défauts notamment aux interfaces oxyde-semiconducteur (SiO2-Si) ainsi que dans l'oxyde de grille, ce qui provoquent un vieillissement plus rapide de ces composants. Nous présentons dans ce contexte, une étude réalisée sur des transistors nLDD-MOSFETs submicroniques issus de technologie 0,6[masse volumique]m de MATRA-MHS-TEMIC, s'appuyant sur quatre objectifs principaux : détermination des paramètres de conduction, analyse des caractéristiques I-V sur la jonction drain-substrat, étude du comportement du transistor bipolaire dans les transistors MOS (source = collecteur, substrat = base, drain = émetteur) et étude du comportement des transistors MOS suite à une irradiation ionisante Co-60, afin d'évaluer leur dégradation
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Ahaitouf, Abdelaziz. "Étude des effets des irradiations neutron sur des structures MOS, technologie N-MOS, par spectroscopie DLTS mesures capacitives". Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Ahaitouf.Abdelaziz.SMZ9933.pdf.
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L'étude des effets des rayonnements sur les dispositifs électroniques passe généralement par une étude des structures MOS (capacités ou transistors) en raison de leurs usages multiples. Dans ce travail, nous présentons une étude avant et après irradiation neutrons de structures MOS technologie CCD de THOMSON-CSF SEMICONDUCTEURS SPECIFIQUES. Elle consiste en l'analyse de l'évolution des paramètres caractéristiques des composants sous l'effet de l'irradiation. Le travail a été ainsi articulé sur deux axes principaux : Le premier consistait en l'étude avant irradiation des shuctures. Cette étude a été menée sur des capacités PMOS et des transistors NMOSFETs en utilisant simultanément des mesures de la capacité en fonction de la tension et en fonction du temps ainsi que l'analyse par spectroscopie DLTS. Elle a permis de déterminer différents paramètres caractéristiques des structures, principalement les origines du courant d'obscurité créé dans les structures et d'étudier les effets du dopage et de l'épaisseur d'oxyde des structures. Une nouvelle méthode basée principalement sur la spectroscopie DLTS qui détermine les paramètres de génération des porteurs minoritaires a été développée. Le deuxième consistait en l'étude des structures après irradiation. L'effet de la fluence des particules a été considéré. La dégradation augmente généralement avec la fluence. Les défauts créés dans le semi-conducteur ont été détectés en utilisant les spectroscopies DLTS et OLDTS. Leurs signatures (énergie, section efficace de capture et densité) ont été calculées. L'évolution des paramètres de génération des porteursminoritaires a été aussi considérée en relation avec le type de structures (capacité ou transistor) ou bien l'épaisseur d'oxydeThe study of radiation effects on electronic devices is generally concened with thestudy of MOS structures (capacitors or transistors) due to their widespread use. In this work, a study before and after neutron irradiation of MOS structures, N-MOS process manufactured by THOMSON-CSF SEMICONDUCTEURS SPECIFIQUES, is presented. It consists in the analysis of the structures parameters changes due tu radiation. The work was thus articulated along two principal axis : The first one is devoted to the before preradiation study. This study was undertaken on PMOS capacitors and NMOSFETs transistors by simultaneously using measurements of the capacitance according to bias and to tinie. DLTS spectroscopy analysis is performed. Various characteristic parameters of the structures are determined, mainly the origins of the dark current. The effects of doping and oxide thickness are studied. A new method based mainly on the DLTS spectroscopy to determine the parameters of generation of the minority carriers is presented. The second axis consists in the study, postradiation, of the structures. The effect of the neutron fluence was considered. The degradation of parameters increases with fluence. The defects created in the semiconductor were detected by using DLTS and OLDTS spectroscopies. Their signatures (activation energy, capture cross section and density of the defects) were calculated. The evolution of the minority carrier generation parameters was also considered taking into account the introduced variations when the type of structures (capacity or transistor) or the oxide thickness change
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Haddi, Ahmed. "Analyse des défauts induits par irradiations ionisante et à effets de déplacement dans des structures MCT (MOS Controlled Thyristor) à partir de mesures électriques et par simulation". Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Haddi.Ahmed.SMZ9930.pdf.
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Le MCT (MOS Controlled Thyristor) et l'IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) sont des composants hybrides associant les avantages d'un MOS (facilité de commande et rapidité en commutation) et ceux d'une structure bipolaire (faible tension de déchet et un pouvoir de commuter de forts courants). Ils se trouvent en compétition dans les applications de puissance. Ces applications couvrent les domaines industriels dans des environnements radiatifs (spatiaux ou nucléaires), ce qui demande une caractérisation spécifique. Deux types d'effets des irradiations sur les composants électroniques sont à considérer : l'effet d'ionisation et l'effet de déplacement d'atomes. Le travail développé dans ce mémoire a pour but de pousser l'étude et l'analyse des effets induits par des irradiations ionisantes (gamma) et à effets de déplacement (neutrons) dans le composant MCT. Afin de bien comprendre les dégradations induites dans la structure du MCT une pre-étude sur l'IGBT est réalisée. Des mesures électriques et la simulation 2D sont effectuées afin d'évaluer ces dégradations. Ainsi l'évolution des paramètres physiques et électriques a été suivie en fonction de la dose (ou fluence) et du type d'irradiation. Une modélisation de la structure du MCT et des phénomènes physiques et électriques gouvernant son comportement électrique en utilisant le simulateur de dispositifs 2D-ATLAS (version PISCES de SILVACO) est réalisée. Cette structure va servir à la simulation et l'analyse des mesures capacité-tension entre grille et anode du MCT, ceci afin de bien montrer le rôle joué par chacune des couches du MCT. La simulation des effets induits par irradiation neutrons est effectuée en introduisant des défauts dans toute la structure simulée. L'objectif de cette simulation étant de valider les hypothèses proposées lors des études électriques
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Beydoun, Bilal. "Simulation et conception des transistors M. O. S. De puissance". Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30163.
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Ce mémoire traite de la simulation et de la conception du transistor VDMOS de puissance. On propose un outil de conception de modèles pour ce transistor, qui est base d'une part sur l'analyse des mécanismes dont la structure est le siège, d'autre part sur la géométrie (layout) et la technologie, et enfin sur la prise en compte de la topologie d'un schéma équivalent établi antérieurement au laboratoire. Plus précisément, on effectue tout d'abord une étude des mécanismes-conduction, tenue en tension, étude dynamique-intervenant dans les diverses zones de la structure du composant. En se basant sur les aspects de modélisation antérieurement développes au LAAS, nous proposons ensuite une nouvelle méthodologie de conception des modèles VDMOS. Celle-ci prend en compte les équations de fonctionnement, le dessin des masques, la technologie et les lois de dépendance entre les paramètres. Pour ce faire, nous développons un logiciel nomme power mosfet's designer qui permet à partir des données de la physique, de la géométrie et de la technologie de la structure, de générer le modèle VDMOS et de connaitre les performances électriques du dispositif dans une application de circuit spécifiée a priori. On procède ensuite à la validation de ce logiciel sur des composants industriels. On l'applique à l'étude de nouvelles générations de structures VDMOS telles que le transistor VDMOS à double niveau d'oxyde de grille intercellulaire. Un exemple d'analyse spéculative du transistor VDMOS élaboré sur un autre matériau que le silicium est enfin proposé : on étudie le cas où le substrat est en carbure de silicium (sic)
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Oliveira, Luc?dio Clebeson de. "Assist?ncia de enfermagem ?s urg?ncias e emerg?ncias psiqui?tricas no servi?o de atendimento m?vel de urg?ncia em Mossor?-RN". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14817.
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-21This study aims to identify the concepts of professional nursing team on assistance in urgency and psychiatric emergencies in SAMU in Mossor?/RN, identifying the difficulties in implementing an emergency assistance to the user in psychiatric distress in this service and point strategies in pursuit of consolidation and expansion of comprehensive health care to the public. It is a descriptive research with qualitative and exploratory approach. The subjects were employees of the nursing staff of SAMU of that mentioned municipality. Semi-structured interviews are applied as tool for data collection. It was counted on the consent of the institution where the study was developed and approval by the Ethics Committee in Research of UFRN with CAAE No 17326513.0.0000.5537, besides signing the Informed Free Consent Term by the participants. Data analysis was done by means of thematic analysis proposed by Bardin. Thus , as a result of the research produced the following categories: mechanistic practice; dehumanization of care; need for qualification, barriers to assistance in urgency and psychiatric emergency and strategies in pursuit of comprehensive care, which proceeded in preparing two articles entitled "Nursing care to the emergency room and psychiatric emergencies in the mobile emergency care service" and "Barriers for emergency service and psychiatric emergencies in the mobile emergency care service". In the studied reality it was identified that nursing care offered to users in situations of urgency and psychiatric emergency is made based primarily on the use of chemical and physical restraints, as well as transportation to the general hospital, constantly using the police force support, which meets the guidelines of the Psychiatric Reform and thereby undermining the provision of an effective and humane care. This scenario is worsened by the lack of an organized network of services in mental health, where after the service the user is taken to a general hospital, considering that there is no ready or appropriate psychiatric emergency service as a Center of Psychosocial Care - CAPs III to reference it, thereby precluding the realization of a resolute and comprehensive care. Thus, it is concluded that nursing care is based on biologicist and medicine-centered model advocated by classical psychiatry, and that despite all the advances in psychiatric reform, still guides the mental health care, so the lack of service network organized in hierarchical and mental health, where the user in urgency and emergency service can be watched in full and the guidelines of the psychiatric reform can be realized in practice
O presente estudo tem como objetivo conhecer as concep??es dos profissionais da equipe de enfermagem sobre a assist?ncia em urg?ncias e emerg?ncias psiqui?tricas no Servi?o de Atendimento M?vel de Urg?ncia (SAMU) em Mossor?/RN, identificar as dificuldades existentes na implementa??o de uma assist?ncia de emerg?ncia ao usu?rio em sofrimento psiqui?trico neste servi?o e apontar as estrat?gias na busca de uma consolida??o e amplia??o de uma assist?ncia integral a esse p?blico. Trata-se de pesquisa do tipo descritiva com abordagem qualitativa e de car?ter explorat?rio. Os sujeitos foram trabalhadores da equipe de enfermagem do SAMU do referido munic?pio. Emprega-se a entrevista semiestruturada como instrumento de coleta de dados. Contou com a anu?ncia da institui??o onde se desenvolveu o estudo e a aprova??o pelo Comit? de ?tica em Pesquisa da UFRN, com CAAE n? 17326513.0.0000.5537, al?m da assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido pelos participantes. A an?lise de dados se fez por meio da An?lise Tem?tica proposta por Bardin. Desta forma, como resultado da pesquisa elaborou-se as seguintes categorias: pr?tica mecanicista; desumaniza??o da assist?ncia; necessidade de qualifica??o, entraves para uma assist?ncia em urg?ncia e emerg?ncia psiqui?trica e estrat?gias na busca da assist?ncia integral, o que procedeu na elabora??o de dois artigos intitulados Assist?ncia de enfermagem ?s urg?ncias e emerg?ncias psiqui?tricas no servi?o de atendimento m?vel de urg?ncia e Entraves para o atendimento ?s urg?ncias e emerg?ncias psiqui?tricas no servi?o de atendimento m?vel de urg?ncia . Na realidade estudada identificou-se que a assist?ncia de enfermagem ofertada aos usu?rios em situa??o de urg?ncia e Emerg?ncia psiqui?trica ? realizada baseada principalmente na utiliza??o de conten??es qu?micas e f?sicas, assim como no transporte para o hospital geral, constantemente utilizando o acionamento de for?a policial, o que vai de encontro as diretrizes da Reforma Psiqui?trica e assim comprometendo a oferta de uma assist?ncia efetiva e humanizada. Esse cen?rio agrava-se pela falta de um rede de servi?os em sa?de mental organizada, onde ap?s o atendimento o usu?rio ? levado a um hospital geral, tendo em vista que n?o existe um pronto socorro psiqui?trico ou servi?o apropriado, como um Centro de Atendimento Psicossocial CAPs III para referenci?-lo, impossibilitando assim a realiza??o de um atendimento resolutivo e integral. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a assist?ncia de enfermagem baseia-se no modelo biologicista e medicaloc?ntrico, defendido pela psiquiatria cl?ssica e que apesar de todos os avan?os da reforma psiqui?trica, ainda norteia a assist?ncia em sa?de mental, assim a falta de rede de atendimento em sa?de mental organizada e hierarquizada, onde o usu?rio em situa??o de urg?ncia e emerg?ncia psiqui?trica possa ser assistido de forma integral e as diretrizes da Reforma Psiqui?trica possam ser concretizadas na pr?tica
Książki na temat "Mosdot M"
1
Vasilenko, Evgeniy, i Al'bert Chekmarev. Technical graphics. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1048492.
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The textbook contains three sections: general (theoretical foundations of images on one, two and three projections), mechanical engineering and technical drawing.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation.
It is recommended for training specialists in the professions of mechanical engineering and construction profiles.
For practical tasks, the "Workbook on the first, general part of technical graphics" is intended (Moscow: INFRA-M, 2014. — www.dx.doi.org/10.12737/814) and "Collection of tasks on technical graphics" (Moscow: INFRA-M, 2014. — www.dx.doi.org/10.12737/994).
2
Luzhkov, I︠U︡riĭ. Russian Parkinson's law: A lecture by Yuri M Luzhkov, Mayor of Moscow, given at the International University. Enfield: Middlesex University Press, 2005.
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Guglielmotti, Paola, i Isabella Lazzarini, red. «Fiere vicende dell’età di mezzo». Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-423-6.
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With the present Festschrift written in times of pandemic, the authors wish to honour and thank Gian Maria Varanini, paying tribute to him on the occasion of his retirement from the University. Varanini is a great scholar, sustained by an inexhaustible passion for history in all its dimensions, from the most minute to the most universal, and by a sensitive and critical attention to the interpretation of historical phenomena that has been provided by successive generations of scholars. A generous cultural organiser and an excellent publisher and editor, as an academic and professor he has always been committed to the safeguard of historical disciplines. Papers of E. Artifoni, S. Carocci, G. Castelnuovo, P. Corrao, M.N. Covini, M. Della Misericordia, F. Del Tredici, M. Gentile, P. Grillo, P. Guglielmotti, I. Lazzarini, J.-C. Maire Vigueur, E.I. Mineo, G. Petralia, L. Provero, R. Rao, F. Senatore, L. Tanzini, M. Zabbia.
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Vasil'eva, Marianna, Natal'ya Mirzabekova i Elena Sidel'nikova. German for students of Economics. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1018051.
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The aim of the textbook is the formation of skills and abilities in different types of reading, writing and speaking in German. Contains 12 lessons, the application, consisting of 12 texts for independent reading, German-Russian dictionary and a concise dictionary of foreign terms. Covers a wide range of economic topics based on the requirements of state educational standard of higher professional education. The text is taken from German literature and are provided with exercises based on the communicative approach. Compared to the 4th edition (Moscow: Alfa-M: INFRA-M, 2018) some of the lyrics are updated.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
For students of higher educational institutions, students of economic specialties.
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Finance, United States Congress Senate Committee on. Nomination of Michael H. Moskow and David M. Nummy: Hearing before the Committee on Finance, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, on the nomination of Michael H. Moskow to be Deputy U.S. Trade Representative and David M. Nummy to be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, October 29, 1991. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1992.
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Nikolaevich, Tarasov Boris, i Literaturnyĭ institut imeni A.M. Gorʹkogo., red. A.S. Khomi︠a︡kov: Myslitelʹ, poėt, publit︠s︡ist : sbornik stateĭ po materialam Mezhdunarodnoĭ nauchnoĭ konferent︠s︡ii, sostoi︠a︡vsheĭsi︠a︡ 14-17 apreli︠a︡ 2004 goda v g. Moskve v Literaturnom institute im. A. M. Gorʹkogo. Moskva: I︠A︡zyki slavi︠a︡nskikh narodov, 2007.
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Armleder, John. John M. Armleder, Olivier Mosset: Städtische Galerie Regensburg 20.9.26.10.1986, Maison de la culture et de la communication de Saint-Étienne 12.2.29.3.1987, Centre d'art contemporain Nevers 16.5.-27.6.1987. [Regensburg]: Die Galerie, 1986.
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Fridman, Yuriy, i Aleksandr Korzhenevich. Learning to solve problems in physics: preparing for the Unified State Exam. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/995926.
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If you are holding this textbook in your hands, it means that you understand the need to solve problems when studying a physics course at school. Indeed, it is difficult to overestimate the effect that the solution of problems in the study of physics gives. The textbook contains about 800 problems for the high school physics course. The tasks are based on the examination materials of various universities, including the Republic of Crimea, data from the magazines "Kvant", "Physics at School", information received from correspondence physics and mathematics schools of the Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov, National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI", Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University). We also used the problem books that were released in various years to help those entering universities. The number of problems and their selection are not random and allow, according to the compilers, to demonstrate the types of problems that are often found in the high school physics course, the most rational methods, general approaches and ideas for solving them, and also help to acquire certain skills in solving problems. Can be useful for use in secondary schools when working with students for whom physics is of interest, optional, if you prepare for the entrance exams for physics, a specialized school with advanced study of physics, as well as anyone who wants to learn how to solve problems in physics.
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Litvinov, G. L. (Grigoriĭ Lazarevich), 1944- editor of compilation i Sergeev, S. N., 1981- editor of compilation, red. Tropical and idempotent mathematics and applications: International Workshop on Tropical and Idempotent Mathematics, August 26-31, 2012, Independent University, Moscow, Russia. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 2014.
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Beznosov, Dmitriy, Natal'ya Volkova, svetlana Gurieva, Mariya Zaharova, Tat'yana Kazanceva, Larisa Kotenko, Irina Kuznecova, Larisa Mararica, Lyudmila Pochebut i Vera Chiker. The social capital of the organization. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2082661.
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The monograph is a continuation of the monograph by L.G. Pochebut, A.L. Sventsitsky, L.V. Mararitsa, T.V. Kazantseva, I.V. Kuznetsova "Social capital of personality" (Moscow: INFRA-M, 2014). It contains the theory, methodology and empirical studies of the social capital of organizations. The scientific literature on the problems of social capital of organizations is analyzed. The theory of social capital and research methodology developed by the authors are presented, and empirical research results are presented.
The main attention is paid to the socio-psychological approach describing social capital as a system of relationships between employees of an organization. Four aspects of the study of social capital are considered: resource, network, economic and socio-psychological. A methodology for studying social capital has been developed, a socio-psychological methodology "Components of an organization's social capital" and a questionnaire "Personality Networking strategies" have been created.
For sociologists, managers, heads of firms and corporations, teachers and researchers, all whose work is related to the management of employee relationships in organizations.
Części książek na temat "Mosdot M"
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Pinkall, Ulrich, i Oliver Gross. "Curvature". W Compact Textbooks in Mathematics, 117–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39838-4_8.
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AbstractFrom this chapter on we will focus attention on surfaces $$f\colon M \to \mathbb {R}^3$$ f : M → ℝ 3 . The most fundamental tool for analysing such a surface is its unit normal field $$N\colon M\to S^2$$ N : M → S 2 which is a map to the unit sphere $$S^2\subset \mathbb {R}^3$$ S 2 ⊂ ℝ 3 .
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Martens, Jan, Jan Friso Groote, Lars van den Haak, Pieter Hijma i Anton Wijs. "A Linear Parallel Algorithm to Compute Bisimulation and Relational Coarsest Partitions". W Formal Aspects of Component Software, 115–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90636-8_7.
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AbstractThe most efficient way to calculate strong bisimilarity is by finding the relational coarsest partition of a transition system. We provide the first linear-time algorithm to calculate strong bisimulation using parallel random access machines (PRAMs). More precisely, with n states, m transitions and $$| Act |\le m$$ | A c t | ≤ m action labels, we provide an algorithm for $$\max (n,m)$$ max ( n , m ) processors that calculates strong bisimulation in time $$\mathcal {O}(n+| Act |)$$ O ( n + | A c t | ) and space $$\mathcal {O}(n+m)$$ O ( n + m ) . The best-known PRAM algorithm has time complexity $$\mathcal {O}(n\log n)$$ O ( n log n ) on a smaller number of processors making it less suitable for massive parallel devices such as GPUs. An implementation on a GPU shows that the linear time-bound is achievable on contemporary hardware.
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Marco, Enric, Paul Yeske i Maria Pieters. "General control measures against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections." W Mycoplasmas in swine, 163–80. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249941.0163.
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Abstract This chapter focused on the control of M. hyopneumoniae aside from antibiotic treatment and vaccine application, also an overview of the most prominent factors affecting M. hyopneumoniae disease development and clinical presentation are discussed in detail in different sections of this chapter.
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Konsta, Alyzia-Maria, Alberto Lluch Lafuente i Christoph Matheja. "What Should Be Observed for Optimal Reward in POMDPs?" W Computer Aided Verification, 373–94. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-65633-0_17.
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AbstractPartially observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) are a standard model for agents making decisions in uncertain environments. Most work on POMDPs focuses on synthesizing strategies based on the available capabilities. However, system designers can often control an agent’s observation capabilities, e.g. by placing or selecting sensors. This raises the question of how one should select an agent’s sensors cost-effectively such that it achieves the desired goals. In this paper, we study the novel optimal observability problem (oop): Given a POMDP $$\mathscr {M}$$ M , how should one change $$\mathscr {M}$$ M ’s observation capabilities within a fixed budget such that its (minimal) expected reward remains below a given threshold? We show that the problem is undecidable in general and decidable when considering positional strategies only. We present two algorithms for a decidable fragment of the oop: one based on optimal strategies of $$\mathscr {M}$$ M ’s underlying Markov decision process and one based on parameter synthesis with SMT. We report promising results for variants of typical examples from the POMDP literature.
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Sofkova-Bobcheva, Svetla, Ivelin Pantchev, Ivan Kiryakov, Petar Chavdarov, Yordan Muhovski, Fatma Sarsu i Nasya Tomlekova. "Induced mutagenesis for improvement of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in Bulgaria." W Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 178–93. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0018.
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Abstract Although historically a surplus food producer, Bulgarian agriculture has faced a downturn in recent decades. Local legume cultivars have lost favour with farmers and the canning industry, due to their low productivity in comparison with imported ones. Diseases and abiotic stresses are the most important factors limiting the production of edible legumes, costing farmers hundreds of euros in lost revenue each year. The overall objective of our ongoing bean mutation breeding programme was to enrich the gene pool of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and to develop genotypes resistant to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Smith) (Xap) and Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola (Burkh.) (Psp) using EMS. An elite line and common cultivar (an heirloom and a snap bean type) in Bulgaria, were selected as parents and the chemical mutagen EMS was used for generating mutations. In total, 1000 seeds were treated and the two generated M1 populations were grown in the field. All M2 mutant plants (1650 from initial line IP564 and 2420 from initial cultivar 'Mastilen 11b') were grown in field conditions and a number of phenotypic changes were observed on these mutated plants. They were also screened for Xap disease resistance via leaf artificial inoculation under greenhouse conditions. Individual plant selection was performed for the putatively resistant M2 plants. In the M3 generation these lines were screened using artificial inoculation with Xap and Psp pathogens (leaves and pods) under field conditions. Selected M3-M4 lines with confirmed disease resistance were tested for fresh pod quality. Yield tests were started in M4 and M5 generations and, according to their productivity performance, mutants were advanced to the M6/M7 generation for validation. The expression patterns of genes putatively involved in the resistance reactions towards two races of Psp were determined using qRT-PCR for the specific and reference genes. In conclusion, 50 plants with visible morphological changes and/or increased tolerance to the two targeted bacterial diseases were selected. A total of 20 advanced mutant bean lines are currently being evaluated for their competitiveness in multiple sites.
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"THE THIRD M". W Moscow and the New Left, 58–70. University of California Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.2430451.9.
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"Mobile Phone the Most Personal Device: Cannot Live without It". W m-Profits, 19–30. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470855126.ch3.
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Brata Roy, Samya. "Kaashi: The city that wasn’t!" W Indian Electronic Literature Anthology: Volume I, 49–54. Indian Institute of Technology Knowledge Sharing in Publishing - IIT KSHIP, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57004/book1.m.
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The blog is a candid description of an unusual journey to Kaashi, the land of pilgrimage and salvation. In contrast to the common rhetoric around the land, the blogger attempts to capture different, unexplored facets of the city especially in the mundane activities of its occupants. The blog interwoven with ironical pictures, metaphors, references to literary figures and celebrities (in the most unusual places!) is a unique take on Kaasi, exploring the ironies of both the place and the humans who inhabit it. Through vivid imageries and descriptions, the blogger manages to capture the attention of the readers and takes them along the journey only to find that it ended too quick.
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Babu, Asvatha, i Saif Shahin. "'Not Ready for Prime Time': Biometrics and Biopolitics in the (Un)Making of California’s Facial Recognition Ban". W AI for Everyone? Critical Perspectives, 223–45. University of Westminster Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.16997/book55.m.
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Facial recognition is one of the most contentious applications of artificial intelligence. In 2019, the US state of California passed The Body Camera Accountability Act (AB-1215), banning police from using facial recognition technology on body cameras for three years. This article traces the trajectory of AB-1215 as a social discourse from its first reading until it was signed into law through a close reading of legislative documents, industry reports, civil society releases, and media coverage. Specifically, we investigate why the ban, initially intended to be permanent, was reduced and identify the actors shaping the discourse surrounding the bill. While initial criticism of facial recognition from lawmakers and civil society emphasised its potential to exacerbate discrimination against minorities and people of colour, we find that these critics later shifted their justification for a ban on the low accuracy of the technology itself. This allowed proponents of using facial recognition, including manufacturers and police lobbies, to contend that the technology was not only more accurate than human recognition but could be improved in coming years – undercutting the need for a permanent ban. Drawing on our analysis, we conclude that opposition to algorithmic governance should be biopolitical rather than technology-centred to be effective.
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McGowan, David, i Helen Sims. "M: management". W Making the Most of Your Medical Career, 59–63. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429083990-14.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Mosdot M"
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Dzuliana, F. J., Uddin Salah, Roslan Rozaini i Md Akhir Mohd Kamalrulzaman. "Modeling electro-magneto-hydrodynamic of blood flow in multi-stenosed artery using fractional deivatives without singular kernel". W FIT-M 2020. Знание-М, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/907345-75-1.2020.310.318.
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Stenosis is one of the most common problems in blood flow through arteries. Stenosis means narrowing arteries. Among the various cardiovascular diseases, stenosis is a major one that affects blood flow in the arteries and becomes the leading cause of death worldwide. Therefore, several studies were conducted either experimentally or mathematically to understand stenosis effects on blood flow through arteries. This study investigates the Newtonian fluid’s electro-magneto-hydrodynamic flow mixed with uniformly distributed magnetic particles through a multi-stenosed artery. The fluid is acted by an arbitrary timedependent pressure gradient, external electric and magnetic fields, and the porous medium. The governing equations are considered as fractional partial differential equations based on the Caputo–Fabrizio time-fractional derivatives without singular kernel. The fractional model of blood flow in the multi-stenosed artery will be presented subject to several external factors. These include the severity of the stenosis and the magnetic particles with the presence of an electromagnetic field. The steady and unsteady parts of the pressure gradient that give rise to the systolic and diastolic pressures are considered as the pumping action of the heart, which in turn produces a pressure gradient throughout the human circulatory system. The fractionaloperator’s effect and pertinent system parameters on blood flow axial velocities are presented and discussed for future works.
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Siswono, Hartono. "Indium doped graded channel MOSFET IR medium region (1.5 μm–6.0 μm) detector". W 2009 International Conference on Instrumentation, Communications, Information Technology, and Biomedical Engineering (ICICI-BME). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icici-bme.2009.5417265.
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Takase, K., Y. Ashikawa, G. Zhang, K. Tateno i S. Sasaki. "Gate-controlled Spin-orbit Interaction in an InAs Nanowire MOSFET". W 2016 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2016.m-2-03.
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Oda, Y., T. Yamamoto, K. Eguchi i Y. Kagata. "600 V-class Trench-Filling Super Junction MOSFET for High precision processing technology". W 2013 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2013.m-2-2.
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YAKOVLEV, A. A. "On the reasons for the creation of the Chinese integration strategy "Belt and Road"". W SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE DEDICATED TO THE 15TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE MOSCOW SCHOOL OF ECONOMY, MSU M. V. LOMONOSOVA. Знание-М, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/907345-19-5.2020.186.190.
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KHABEKOVA, M. K. "Features of the concept of "smart specialization" of regional strategies". W SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE DEDICATED TO THE 15TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE MOSCOW SCHOOL OF ECONOMY, MSU M. V. LOMONOSOVA. Знание-М, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/907345-19-5.2020.191.195.
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ALIMURADOV, M. K. "Methodology for formulating strategic financial goals and objectives". W SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE DEDICATED TO THE 15TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE MOSCOW SCHOOL OF ECONOMY, MSU M. V. LOMONOSOVA. Знание-М, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/907345-19-5.2020.168.175.
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Vartanov, S. A. "Mathematical model of a three-sided market: consumption, production and media". W SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE DEDICATED TO THE 15TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE MOSCOW SCHOOL OF ECONOMY, MSU M. V. LOMONOSOVA. Знание-М, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/907345-19-5.2020.176.185.
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Mikheeva, N. N. "Recovery of economic growth as a condition for the development of regional cooperation". W SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE DEDICATED TO THE 15TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE MOSCOW SCHOOL OF ECONOMY, MSU M. V. LOMONOSOVA. Знание-М, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/907345-19-5.2020.157.167.
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NEKIPELOV, A. D. "On the potential of institutional transformations and the possibilities of economic policy in modern Russia". W SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE DEDICATED TO THE 15TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE MOSCOW SCHOOL OF ECONOMY, MSU M. V. LOMONOSOVA. Знание-М, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/907345-19-5.2020.10.39.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaporty organizacyjne na temat "Mosdot M"
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Lamontagne, M., P. Archambault i S. Halchuk. Macroseismic information for the seven largest moderate earthquakes of the Charlevoix seismic zone, Quebec, between 1870 and 2021: February 3, 1902, M 4.5; September 30, 1924, M 5.2; January 08, 1931, M 4.9; October 19, 1939, M 5.3; October 14, 1952, M 4.5; August 19, 1979, M 4.8; March 6, 2005, M 4.7. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329135.
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This Open File Report provides the available macroseismic information for the seven largest moderate earthquakes that occurred in the Charlevoix Seismic Zone between 1870 and 2021. These earthquakes and their moment magnitude (M) are: 1) February 3, 1902, M 4.5; 2) September 30, 1924, M 5.2; 3) January 08, 1931, M 4.9; 4) October 19, 1939, M 5.3; 5) October 14, 1952, M 4.5; 6) August 19, 1979, M 4.8; 7) March 6, 2005, M 4.7. Five, possibly six, of these seven earthquakes occurred in the northeast portion of the CSZ, where the largest event of the period, the 1925 M 6.2 earthquake, also occurred. For each locality where the earthquakes were felt, macroseismic information is given and interpreted on the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. The original mail questionnaires filled by postmasters for earthquakes no. 3, 4, 5 and 6 are lost. Consequently, the main sources of information are the newspaper accounts except for no. 7 for which web-based questionnaires are available. The macroseismic information from localities in Canada and in the US (from NOAA) are tabulated in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. Most newspaper clippings that have macroseismic information are included. The Open File also provides Google Earth kmz files that allow the felt information reports to be viewed in a spatial tool.
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Stavland, Arne, Siv Marie Åsen, Arild Lohne, Olav Aursjø i Aksel Hiorth. Recommended polymer workflow: Lab (cm and m scale). University of Stavanger, listopad 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.201.
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Polymer flooding is one of the most promising EOR methods (Smalley et al. 2018). It is well known and has been used successfully (Pye 1964; Standnes & Skjevrak 2014; Sheng et al. 2015). From a technical perspective we recommend that polymer flooding should be considered as a viable EOR method on the Norwegian Continental Shelf for the following reasons: 1. More oil can be produced with less water injected; this is particularly important for the NCS which are currently producing more water than oil 2. Polymers will increase the aerial sweep and improve the ultimate recovery, provided a proper injection strategy 3. Many polymer systems are available, and it should be possible to tailor their chemical composition to a wide range of reservoir conditions (temperature and salinity) 4. Polymer systems can be used to block water from short circuiting injection production wells 5. Polymer combined with low salinity injection water has many benefits: a lower polymer concentration can be used to reach target viscosity, less mechanical degradation, less adsorption, and a potential reduction in Sor due to a low salinity wettability effect. There are some hurdles when considering polymer flooding that needs to be considered: 1. Many polymer systems are not at the present considered as green chemicals; thus, reinjection of produced water is needed. However, results from polymer degradation studies in the IORCentre indicates that a. High molecular weight polymers are quickly degraded to low molecular weight. In case of accidental release to the ocean low molecular weight polymers are diluted and the lifetime of the spill might be quite short. According to Caulfield et al. (2002) HPAM is not toxic, and will not degrade to the more environmentally problematic acrylamide. b. In the DF report for environmental impact there are case studies using the DREAM model to predict the transport of chemical spills. This model is coupled with polymer (sun exposure) degradation data from the IORCentre to quantify the lifetime of polymer spills. This approach should be used for specific field cases to quantify the environmental risk factor. 2. Care must be taken to prepare the polymer solution offshore. Chokes and vales might be a challenge but can be mitigating according to the results from the large-scale testing done in the IORCentre (Stavland et al. 2021). None of the above-mentioned challenges are server enough to not consider polymer flooding. HPAM is neither toxic, nor bio-accumulable, or bio-persistent and the CO2 footprint from a polymer flood may be significantly less than a water flood (Dupuis et al. 2021). There are at least two contributing factors to this statement, which we will return in detail to in the next section i) during linear displacement polymer injection will produce more oil for the same amount of water injected, hence the lifetime of the field can be shortened ii) polymers increase the arial sweep reducing the need for wells.
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Ryazantsev, Sergey, i Tamara Rostovskaya. I Russian-Iranian Sociological Forum. Conference Proceedings (Moscow, 16 – 18 November 2020) / Eds.-in-chief S.V. Ryazantsev, T.K. Rostovskaya, FCTAS RAS. – M.:, 2020. – 560 p. ООО Издательско-торговый дом «ПЕРСПЕКТИВА», listopad 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38085/978-5-905-790-45-4-2020-1-560.
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The collection contains conference papers of the participants of the I Russian-Iranian Sociological Forum, organized by the ISPR and IDR FCTAS RAS with the support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (16 – 18 November 2020, Moscow). The collection is addressed to sociologists, political scientists, economists, students, postgraduates, teachers, and everyone who is interested in the development of international cooperation between Russia and Iran in the field of social sciences.
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Ryazantsev, Sergey, i Tamara Rostovskaya, red. I Russian-Iranian Sociological Forum. Conference Proceedings (Moscow, 16 – 18 November 2020) / Eds.-in-chief S.V. Ryazantsev, T.K. Rostovskaya, FCTAS RAS. – M.:, 2020. – 560 p. Perspectiva Publishing, listopad 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38085/978-5-905-790-47-8-2020-1-560.
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The collection contains conference papers of the participants of the I Russian-Iranian Sociological Forum, organized by the ISPR and IDR FCTAS RAS with the support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (16 – 18 November 2020, Moscow). The collection is addressed to sociologists, political scientists, economists, students, postgraduates, teachers, and everyone who is interested in the development of international cooperation between Russia and Iran in the field of social sciences.
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Yogev, David, Ricardo Rosenbusch, Sharon Levisohn i Eitan Rapoport. Molecular Pathogenesis of Mycoplasma bovis and Mycoplasma agalactiae and its Application in Diagnosis and Control. United States Department of Agriculture, kwiecień 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573073.bard.
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Mycoplasma bovis and M. agalactiae are two phylogenetically related mycoplasmas which cause economically significant diseases in their respective bovine or small ruminant hosts. These organisms cause persistent asymptomatic infections that can result in severe outbreaks upon introduction of carrier animals into susceptible herds. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying mycoplasma-host interaction, variation in virulence, or of the factors enabling avoidance of the host immune system. In recent years it has become apparent that the ability of pathogenic microorganisms to rapidly alter surface antigenic structures and to fine tune their antigenicity, a phenomena called antigenic variation, is one of the most effective strategies used to escape immune destruction and to establish chronic infections. Our discovery of a novel genetic system, mediating antigenic variation in M. bovis (vsp) as well as in M. agalactiae (avg) served as a starting point for our proposal which included the following objectives: (i) Molecular and functional characterization of the variable surface lipoproteins (Vsp) system of M. bovis and comparison with the Vsp-counterpart in M. agalactiae (ii) Determination of the role of Vsp proteins in the survival of M. bovis when confronted by host defense factors, (iii) Assessment of Vsp-based genetic and antigenic typing of M. bovis and M. agalactiae for epidemiology of infection and (iv) Improvement of diagnostic tests for M. bovis and M. agalactiae based on the vsp-and vsp-analogous systems. We have carried out an extensive molecular characterization of the vsp system and unravelled the precise molecular mechanism responsible for the generation of surface antigenic variation in M. bovis. Our data clearly demonstrated that the two pathogenic mycoplasma species possess large gene families encoding variable lipoprotein antigens that apparently play an important role in immune evasion and in pathogen-host interaction during infection. Phase variable production of these antigens was found to be mediated by a novel molecular mechanism utilizing double site-specific DNA inversions via an intermediate vsp configuration. Studies in model systems indicate that phase variation of VspA is relevant in interaction between M. bovis and macrophages or monocytes, a crucial stage in pathogenesis. Using an ELISA test with captured VspA as an antigen, phase variation was shown to occur in vivo and under field conditions. Genomic rearrangements in the avg gene family of M. agalactiae were shown to occur in vivo and may well have a role in evasion of host defences and establishment of chronic infection. An epidemiological study indicated that patterns of vsp-related antigenic variation diverge rapidly in an M. bovis infected herd. Marked divergence was also found with avg-based genomic typing of M. agalactiae in chronically infected sheep. However, avg-genomic fingerprints were found to be relatively homogeneous in different animals during acute stages of an outbreak of Contagious Agalactiae, and differ between unrelated outbreaks. These data support the concept of vsp-based genomic typing but indicate the necessity for further refinement of the methodology. The molecular knowledge on these surface antigens and their encoding genes provides the basis for generating specific recombinant tools and serological methods for serodiagnosis and epidemiological purposes. Utilization of these methods in the field may allow differentiating acutely infected herds from chronic herds and disease-free herds. In addition the highly immunogenic nature of these lipoproteins may facilitate the design of protective vaccine against mycoplasma infections.
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Deaton i Frost. L51571 Pipe-Soil Interaction Tests on Sand and Soft Clay. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), październik 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010291.
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This project was performed to establish a basis for developing pipe-soil interaction models suitable for PRCI's pipeline design program: "PIPEDYN". Full-scale pipe-soil tests on loose and dense sand and soft clay were performed at the Norwegian Hydrotechnical Laboratory, affiliated with SINTEF. The program tested soil resistance to lateral motions of full-scale (0.5 m and 1.0 m OD) pipe sections on loose and dense sand and soft clay. A test rig was used with a soil flume 12.5 m long, 1.8 m wide, and 0.6 m high, and containing 13.5 m3 of sand or soft clay. Three control signals were applied to the test pipes: simple breakout, regular oscillatory tests and breakout, and random tests with force time histories. The parameters considered were pipe diameter, pipe weight, pipe oscillations, and oscillation amplitude. A total of 110 tests were performed in 25 test flumes (13 preliminary and 12 main) on loose sand, three test flumes on dense sand and ten test flumes on soft clay. Forty-five preliminary and 32 main tests were performed in 25 loose sand flume preparations, whereas 8 main tests were performed in 3 dense sand flumes and 25 main tests in 10 soft clay flumes, for a grand total of 110 pipe-soil tests in 38 soil flumes. Special plate and cone penetration tests were also performed as part of the soil bed tests. Based on the results of the tests, pipe penetration appears to be the most important factor influencing lateral soil resistance. Also, the soil resistance in loose sand was generally higher than in dense sand due to larger pipe penetration and an accordingly higher lateral earth pressure.
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Glazer, Itamar, Alice Churchill, Galina Gindin i Michael Samish. Genomic and Organismal Studies to Elucidate the Mechanisms of Infectivity of Entomopathogenic Fungi to Ticks. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593382.bard.
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The overall goal of this research was to elucidate the factors affecting early development of Metarhizium spp. (previously named M. anisopliae) on ticks or tick cuticle extracts and the molecular basis of these early infection processes. The original objectives were: 1. Characterize the pre-penetration events (adhesion, germination and appressorium formation) of spores of M. anisopliae strains with high or low virulence during tick infection. 2. Create GFP-expressing strains of M. anisopliae tick pathogens having high and low virulence to compare their progress of infection by microscopy. 3. Use microarray analyses, primarily with existing M. anisopliae EST sequences in GenBank, to identify and characterize fungal genes whose expression is regulated in response to host cuticle extracts. Objective 3 was later modified (as approved by BARD) to use RNAseq to characterize the early stages of fungal gene expression during infection of intact host cuticles. This new method provides a massively larger and more informative dataset and allows us to take advantage of a) recently published genomes of Metarhizium robertsii and M. acridum for RNAseq data analysis, and b) newly developed and highly efficient cDNA sequencing technologies that are relatively low cost and, therefore, allow deep sequencing of multiple transcriptome samples. We examined pre-penetration and penetration events that differentiate high and low virulence strains of Metarhizium spp., focusing on spore adhesion, germination, appressorium formation, and penetration of tick integuments. Initiation of fungal infection was compared on susceptible and resistant tick species at different tick developmental stages. In vitro studies comparing the effects of protein and fatty acid profiles from tick cuticle extracts demonstrated that resistant tick cuticles contain higher concentrations of specific lipids that inhibit fungal development than do susceptible tick cuticles, suggesting one mechanism of Ixodidae resistance to fungal entomopathogens (Objective 1). We used molecular markers to determine that the three M. anisopliae strains from Israel that we studied actually were three distinct species. M. brunneum is highly virulent against the tick Rhipicephalus annulatus, M. pingshaense and M. robertsii are intermediate in virulence, and M. majus is of low virulence. We transformed all four Metarhizium species to express GFP and used them in pathogenicity assays against diverse tick species. Key findings were that a) resistant ticks inhibit Metarhizium infection prior to hemocoel invasion by reducing fungal viability on the cuticle surface (Objective 2), as was supported by the in vitro studies of Objective 1, and b) Metarhizium kills susceptible ticks after cuticle penetration but prior to hemocoel colonization. Transcriptome studies of the most virulent species, M. brunneum, are in progress and include analyses of ungerminated conidia and conidia germination and development on a low nutrient medium or on susceptible R. annulatus exoskeleton (Objective 3). We anticipate these studies will contribute to identifying fungal genetic factors that increase virulence and speed of kill and may help reveal tick chemistries that could be included in biocontrol formulations to increase efficacy. Methodologies developed to screen tick cuticle extracts for ability to support conidia germination and development may help in the selection of wild fungi with increased virulence against resistant ticks. The overall knowledge gained should contribute not only to the improvement of tick control but also to the control of other blood-sucking arthropods and related plant pests. Use of bio-based agents for controlling arthropods will contribute to a healthier, more sustainable environment and serve a growing number of organic food farmers.
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Peterson, Everett. GTAP-M: A GTAP Model and Data Base that Incorporates Domestic Margins. GTAP Technical Paper, październik 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.tp26.
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Transportation, wholesaling, and retailing activities are a significant segment of economic activity in many economies. The magnitude of these activities can vary greatly between products, users, and regions. However, in most applied general equilibrium (AGE) analyses, these marketing activities are not tied to specific commodities. This paper develops a model framework and database that incorporates domestic marketing margins on domestic and imported goods going to final demand or used as intermediate inputs, and margins on exports, into the standard GTAP Model. The effects of incorporating domestic marketing activities into an AGE model are illustrated by comparing the results of the standard GTAP Model to the new GTAP-M Model for several different technological change scenarios. The comparison yields two main results. First, tying the domestic marketing activities to specific commodities changes the degree of price transmission from producers to users, compared to a model that does not include margin activities explicitly. The second main result is that the magnitude of the elasticity of substitution between commodities and the composite marketing activity is very important. Allowing variable margins creates a new source of demand-responsiveness for commodities which can significantly alter the results of policy simulations.
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Xu, Jin-Rong, i Amir Sharon. Comparative studies of fungal pathogeneses in two hemibiotrophs: Magnaporthe grisea and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. United States Department of Agriculture, maj 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695585.bard.
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Plant pathogenic fungi have various life styles and different plant infection strategies. Hemibiotrophs like Magnaporthe grisea and Colletotrichum species develop specialized structures during plant infection. The goal of this study was to identify, characterize, and compare genes required for plant infection in M. grisea and C. gloeosporioides. Specific objectives are to: 1) further characterize genes identified in the preliminary studies of C. gloeosporioides and M. grisea;2) identify and characterize additional fungal genes tagged by GFP; and 3) identify in planta growth and appressorium-specific genes by subtractive hybridization and transcript profiling by the LongSAGE method. In this study, the PI and Co-PI collaborated closely on studies in M. grisea and C. gloeosporioides. In M. grisea, REMI and ATMT were used to transform the wildtype with promoter-less EGFP constructs. A total of 28 mutants defective in different plant infection processes or expressing EGFP during plant infection were identified. Genes disrupted in five selected mutants have been identified, including MG03295 that encodes a putative Rho GTPase. In transformant L1320, the transforming vector was inserted in the MIRI gene that encodes a nuclear protein. The expression of MIRI was highly induced during infection. Deletion and site-directed mutagenesis analyses were used to identify the promoter regions and elements that were essential for induced in planta expression of MIRI. This was the first detailed characterization of the promoter of an in planta gene in M. grisea and the MIRI promoter can be used to monitor infectious growth. In addition, the Agilent whole-genome array of M. grisea was used for microarray analyses with RNA samples from appressoria formed by the wild-type shain and the pmkl and mstl2 mutants. Over 200 genes were downregulated in the mst I 2 and pmkl mutants. Some of them are putative transcription factors that may regulate appressorium formation and infectious hyphal growth. In C. gloeosporioides, various REMI mutants showing different pathogenic behavior were identified and characterized. Mutants N3736 had a single insertion and was hyper-virulent. The gene disrupted in mutant3736 (named CgFMOI) encodes a FAD-dependent monooxygenase. Expression analyses linked the expression of the CgFMOI gene with the necrotrophic phase of fungal infection, and also suggest that expression of CgFMOl is unnecessary for the first stages of infection and for biotrophy establishment. All CgFMOl-silenced mutants had reduced virulence. In REMI mutant N159, the tagged gene encodes a putative copper transporter that is homologue of S. cerevisiae CTR2. In yeast, Ctr2 is a vacuolar transporter for moving copper from the vacuole to the cytoplasm. The gene was therefore termed CgCTR2. In addition to characterization of CgCTR2, we also conducted comparative analyses in M. grisea. The M. grisea CgCTR-2 homolog was isolated, knockout strains were generated and characterized and the M. grisea was used to complement the Nl 59 C. gloeosporioides mutant. Overall, we have accomplished most of proposed experiments and are in the process of organizing and publishing other data generated in this project. For objective 3, we used the microarray analysis approach. Several genes identified in this study are novel fungal virulence factors. They have the potential to be used as targets for developing more specific or effective fungicides. In the long run, comparative studies of fungal genes, such as our CgCTR2 work, may lead to better disease control strategies.
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Robinson, Andy. Monitoring and Evaluation for Rural Sanitation and Hygiene: Framework. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), grudzień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.027.
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The monitoring and evaluation (M&E) Guidelines and Framework presented in this document (and in the accompanying M&E Indicator Framework) aim to encourage stakeholders in the rural sanitation and hygiene sector to take a more comprehensive, comparable and people focused approach to monitoring and evaluation. Many M&E frameworks currently reflect the interests and ambitions of particular implementing agencies – that is, community-led total sanitation (CLTS) interventions focused on open-defecation free (ODF) outcomes in triggered communities; market-based sanitation interventions focused on the number of products sold and whether sanitation businesses were profitable; and sanitation finance interventions reporting the number of facilities built using financial support. Few M&E frameworks have been designed to examine the overall sanitation and hygiene situation – to assess how interventions have affected sanitation and hygiene outcomes across an entire area (rather than just in specific target communities); to look at who (from the overall population) benefitted from the intervention, and who did not; to report on the level and quality of service used; or examine whether public health has improved. Since 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have extended and deepened the international monitoring requirements for sanitation and hygiene. The 2030 SDG sanitation target 6.2 includes requirements to: • Achieve access to adequate sanitation and hygiene for all • Achieve access to equitable sanitation and hygiene for all • End open defecation • Pay special attention to the needs of women and girls • Pay special attention to those in vulnerable situations The 2030 SDG sanitation target calls for universal use of basic sanitation services, and for the elimination of open defecation, both of which require M&E systems that cover entire administration areas (i.e. every person and community within a district) and which are able to identify people and groups that lack services, or continue unsafe practices. Fortunately, the SDG requirements are well aligned with the sector trend towards system strengthening, in recognition that governments are responsible both for the provision of sustainable services and for monitoring the achievement of sustained outcomes. This document provides guidelines on the monitoring and evaluation of rural sanitation and hygiene, and presents an M&E framework that outlines core elements and features for reporting on progress towards the 2030 SDG sanitation target (and related national goals and targets for rural sanitation and hygiene), while also encouraging learning and accountability. Given wide variations in the ambition, capacity and resources available for monitoring and evaluation, it is apparent that not all of the M&E processes and indicators described will be appropriate for all stakeholders. The intention is to provide guidelines and details on useful and progressive approaches to monitoring rural sanitation and hygiene, from which a range of rural sanitation and hygiene duty bearers and practitioners – including governments, implementation agencies, development partners and service providers – can select and use those most appropriate to their needs. Eventually, it is hoped that all of the more progressive M&E elements and features will become standard, and be incorporated in all sector monitoring systems.