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1
Elaqra, Hossam. "Etude de l'endommagement et du renforcement de composites à matrice cimentaire". Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0031/these.pdf.
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Ce travail de thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre général des études sur l'élaboration et la caractérisation des composites à matrice cimentaire. Dans notre cas, nous avons choisi le béton comme composite à matrice cimentaire, ce dernier résulte du mélange de plusieurs éléments : ciment, eau, granulats, adjuvants et fibres. Mon travail se propose de mieux comprendre d'une part l'influence des rapports sable sur ciment (s/c) et eau sur ciment (e/c) sur la microstructure, les mécanismes de l'endommagement et le renforcement et d'autre part le rôle de l'interface pâte-granulat dans ce mélange. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, dans un premier temps des essais de traction et compression ont été effectués avec un suivi de l'activité acoustique. De plus, des analyses en tomographie X ont été réalisées afin d'identifier les mécanismes d'endommagement. Dans un deuxième temps des observations microscopiques ont été menées afin d'examiner les changements microstructuraux. Des mesures de porosités ainsi que des analyses thermogravimétriques ont été effectuées. Deux systèmes ont été conçus pour réaliser les tests mécaniques. Le premier est un système de traction direct, adapté aux conditions de l'étude, qui a été mis au point au cours de ce travail. Ce système consiste en plusieurs articulations pour faciliter l'alignement de l'éprouvette lors de l'essai. Un second système pour effectuer les essais en compression a été réalisé. Pour ce dernier nous avons utilisé une calotte sphérique afin d'optimiser les défauts de parallélisme de deux surfaces de l'éprouvetteThis PhD work comes within the scope of the study of the elaboration and characterisation of cement-based materials. In our case, we have chosen concrete as cement-based material. Concrete is the result of mixing cement, water, aggregate, adjuvant and fibres. I have tried to understand on the one hand, the influence of the sand to cement ratio and of the water to cement ratio on the microstructure and damage mechanisms, and on the other hand, the role of the interface aggregate-cement paste in the mixture. To achieve this, we have first done tensile and compression tests, while monitoring the acoustic emission and the tomography X, in order to identify the damage and reinforcement mechanisms. We have then done microscopic observations so as to examine the microstructure changes. We have also measured the porosity and done thermogravimetric analyses. Two systems were developed for these mechanical tests. One is a direct traction system, fitted to the conditions of the study and it was designed during this work. It consists of several articulations to facilitate the alignment of the specimen during the testing. The second system allows carrying out compression tests. We have used the segment of a sphere in order to optimise the parallelism defects of two surfaces of the specimen
2
Elaqra, Hossam Fantozzi Gilbert. "Etude de l'endommagement et du renforcement de composites à matrice cimentaire". Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2006. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=elaqra.
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Moustachi, Om Elkhaïat. "Influence de la microstructure des mortiers de ciment portland armes de fibres sur leur comportement mecanique en flexion". Toulouse, INSA, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ISAT0002.
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Analyse des modifications de la structure interne du mortier induites par l'introduction des fibres et determination de leur influence sur les proprietes mecaniques du mortier en flexion. Des fiches en paquets introduites dans le mortier se dispersent lors du malaxage en fibres individuelles espacees de quelques microns. Ces espaces, tres peu accessibles aux particules anhydres du ciment sont partiellement remplis par des hydrates. Ils rendent le mortier tres permeable aux fluides et influent directement sur son module d'elasticite en flexion qui diminue avec le pourcentage de fibres. L'effet d'armature des fibres se traduit par une augmentation de la resistance et de l'allongement a la rupture du mortier. De la fumee de silice dispersee a l'aide d'un fluidifiant reduit la porosite entre les fibres et augmente ainsi le module d'elasticite et sa resistance a la rupture
4
El, boukhari Mohamed. "« Analyse expérimentale du comportement mécanique et thermiqued'un béton et d'un mortier allégés par des grignons d'olives : Application au bâtiment »". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REIMS040.
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La gestion des déchets agricoles et la promotion de matériaux de construction durables offrent de nombreux avantages considérables. En intégrant des pratiques durables dans le secteur de la construction, nous avons la capacité de réduire notre empreinte écologique en limitant l'exploitation excessive des ressources naturelles.La recherche menée dans la présente étude vise à développer un béton et un mortier de ciment structurels allégés avec des agrégats organiques de grignons d’olive. Deux types d’agrégats ont été utilisés selon qu’ils soient mélangés ou non avec des margines. L'objectif principal de cette étude est l’évaluation expérimentale des propriétés mécaniques et thermiques des éprouvettes de béton et de mortier allégés par rapport aux éprouvettes de béton et de mortier ordinaires. Elles ont été préparées en utilisant des agrégats des grignons d’olive à l’état sec et saturé, avec un pourcentage de substitution de sable naturel variant de 0% à 15%. Les résultats ont montré que la formulation optimale pour la production d’un béton allégé consiste en 5% d’agrégats de grignons d’olive à l’état sec et mélangés avec les margines. Cette formulation, offre de meilleures propriétés mécanique, notamment une résistance à la compression de 25 MPa, une résistance à la traction de 4,61 MPa et un module d'élasticité dynamique de 44,39 GPa. En plus, le matériau réalisé présente une masse volumique sèche réduite entraînant une diminution d’environ 5,69% par rapport au béton de référence.Pour le mortier de ciment, les meilleurs résultats ont été obtenus avec un mélange contenant 5% d’agrégats de grignons d’olive à l’état sec et mélangés avec les margines. Les résultats ont montré un effet marginal sur la résistance à la compression (Rc), atteignant 33,50 MPa, et ce après 28 jours de durcissement. Cependant, pour le béton et le mortier, l'analyse microstructurale a révélé une faible adhérence entre les agrégats de grignons d’olive et la matrice cimentaire au niveau de la Zone de Transition Interfaciale. Les tests expérimentaux ont montré également que l'augmentation de la teneur en agrégats de grignons d'olive réduit la vitesse de propagation des ultrasons et le module d'élasticité dynamique du béton et du mortier allégé ainsi que leur maniabilité tout en augmentant leur porosité.En ce qui concerne les propriétés thermiques des matériaux élaborés, l'incorporation d'agrégats de grignons d'olive a entraîné une amélioration de la résistance thermique. Dans le cas du béton allégé avec 5% d’agrégats de grignons d’olive à l’état sec et mélangés avec les margines, la conductivité thermique (λ) est passée de 1,3 W/m.K (pour l’éprouvette témoin) à 0,86 W/m.K. Dans le cas du mortier de ciment contenant 5% d’agrégats de grignons d’olive à l’état sec et mélangés avec les margines, la conductivité thermique (λ) est passée de 1,1 W/m.K (éprouvette témoin) à 0,87 W/m.K.En conclusion, cette étude a révélé que les matériaux élaborés et testés dans les conditions de laboratoires répondent aux normes requises pour une utilisation générale dans le bâtimentThe management of agricultural waste and the promotion of sustainable building materials offer many considerable benefits. By integrating sustainable practices into the construction sector, we have the ability to reduce our ecological footprint by limiting the excessive exploitation of natural resources. The research conducted in this study aims to develop a lightweight structural concrete and cement mortar using organic olive pomace aggregates. Two types of aggregates were used, depending on whether they were mixed with or without olive mill wastewater. The main objective of this study is to experimentally evaluate the mechanical and thermal properties of lightened concrete and mortar specimens in comparison with ordinary concrete and mortar specimens. They were prepared using dry and saturated olive pomace aggregates, with a percentage substitution of natural sand ranging from 0% to 15%. The results showed that the optimal formulation for producing lightweight concrete consists of 5% dry olive pomace aggregates mixed with olive mill wastewater. This formulation offers better mechanical properties, including a compressive strength of 25 MPa, a tensile strength of 4.61 MPa, and a dynamic modulus of elasticity of 44.39 GPa. Additionally, the resulting material has a reduced dry bulk density, leading to a decrease of approximately 5.69% compared to the reference concrete. For cement mortar, the best results were obtained with a mixture containing 5% dry olive pomace aggregates mixed with olive mill wastewater. The results showed a marginal effect on compressive strength (Rc), reaching 33.50 MPa after 28 days of curing. However, for both concrete and mortar, microstructural analysis revealed weak adhesion between olive pomace aggregates and the cement matrix at the Interfacial Transition Zone. Experimental tests also showed that increasing the content of olive pomace aggregates reduces the ultrasound propagation velocity and the dynamic modulus of elasticity of lightweight concrete and mortar, as well as their workability, while increasing their porosity.As regards the thermal properties of the developed materials, the incorporation of olive pomace aggregates led to an improvement in thermal resistance. In the case of lightweight concrete with 5% of dry olive pomace aggregates mixed with olive mill wastewater, the thermal conductivity (λ) decreased from 1.3 W/m·K (for the control specimen) to 0.86 W/m·K. In the case of cement mortar containing 5% of dry olive pomace aggregates mixed with olive mill wastewater, the thermal conductivity (λ) decreased from 1.1 W/m·K (control specimen) to 0.87 W/m·K. In conclusion, this study revealed that the materials developed and tested under laboratory conditions meet the required standards for general use in construction
5
Rougelot, Thomas. "Étude expérimentale multi-échelles des couplages hydriques, mécaniques et chimiques dans les matériaux cimentaires". Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10115/document.
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Les couplages hydro-mécaniques et chimiques des matériaux cimentaires revêtent une grande importance pour la durabilité d'un ouvrage soumis à des sollicitations complexes, tel que le stockage souterrain de déchets nucléaires. Les travaux présentés se focalisent sur des mortiers et des pâtes de ciment à deux rapports eau sur ciment. Les couplages entre des sollicitations hydriques par séchage, des sollicitations hydro-chimiques par lixiviation, et le comportement mécanique du matériau notamment d'un point de vue de l'endommagement et des variations dimensionnelles, sont traités. En outre, l'approche expérimentale s'attache à caractériser les phénomènes physiques à plusieurs échelles. Microscopiquement, la caractérisation du réseau poreux des matériaux est réalisée par isothermes de désorption et d'intrusion mercure. Puis une étude 4D des liens entre lixiviation et fissuration est menée par microtomographie par rayons X (résolution: 5 µm). L'effet du retrait empêché par déformations différentielles entre granulats et matrice cimentaire est mis en évidence dans l'apparition de la fissuration. En outre, la présence d'une préfissuration accélère la dégradation. Macroscopiquement, le retrait lié au séchage lent de matériaux a été quantifié et modélisé par approche poromécanique. De plus, une microfissuration, répartie au sein du matériau, engendre plus de perturbations sur la désorption que quelques macrofissures localisées. Enfin, la résistance en traction par fendage est modifiée par le séchage, par une compétition entre le confinement de l'éprouvette, la fissuration induite et les granulats. Le comportement en traction directe a fait l'objet d'études préliminairesTo determine the hydro-mechanical and chemical behaviour in cementitious materials is a key point to predict the durability of a structure submitted to complex stresses, such as the radioactive waste underground disposaI. This work is performed on mortars and cement pastes, with two distinct water-to-cement ratios. Coupling between hydric stresses by drying, hydro-chemical effect of calcium leaching, and the mechanical behaviour of the material, with a focus put on damage and strains evolution, are studied. Moreover, the experimental approach tries to characterize the physical phenomenons with a multi-scale view. From microscopic aspects, the characterization of the porous network is obtained by means of desorption isotherms and mercury intrusion. The influence of the W/C ratio is highlighted. Then, in a 4D approach of coupling effects between calcium leaching and cracking is conducted with X-ray microtomography (resolution: 5 µm). The restrained shrinkage due to differential strains in aggregates and cementitious matrix is shown as the cause of microcracking. ln addition, a pre-cracking increases the chemical degradation of the material. From macroscopic aspects, the shrinkage due to a smooth drying is experimentally determined, and a poromechanical model is then proposed. The diffuse microcracking effects appear to have more importance on the desorption than several localized macrocracks. Finally, the decrease in the saturation of the material modifies the splitting tensile strength. This could be due to a competitive effect between shrinkage, stresses and the influence of the aggregates in the cracking energy. Some preliminary tests are also conducted in direct tension
6
Ramoda, Salem. "Contribution a l'etude de l'influence de la composition des mortiers sur leur resistance a la propagation de fissures". Toulouse, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAT0006.
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Etude de la propagation en mode 1 dans les mortiers a base de liant hydraulique, en analysant specialement le role de la liaison granulats-pate. Influence de la concentration en liant dans la matrice, des proportions matrice-granulats, de la nature du liant, de divers types d'ajouts et des conditions de cure
7
Pham, Son Tung. "Etude des effets de la carbonatation sur les propriétés microstructurales et macroscopiques des mortiers de ciment Portland". Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAR0003.
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La carbonatation est l’un des processus initiateurs de la corrosion des armatures du béton armé. Sa cinétique est souvent utilisée pour modéliser la durabilité des ouvrages. La carbonatation résulte de la réaction en présence d’eau entre le dioxyde de carbone contenu dans l’air et les phases hydratées de la pâte de ciment. Elle donne du carbonate de calcium et provoque une baisse du pH qui induit la dépassivation des armatures et leur corrosion. La carbonatation des matériaux à base de ciment a été largement étudiée ces dernières années mais les données de la littérature sont extrêmement contradictoires sur la plupart des évolutions qu’elle engendre tant au niveau microstructural qu’à l’échelle macroscopique. Notre travail a eu pour objectif d’étudier les conséquences microscopiques et macroscopiques de la carbonatation sur deux mortiers standards simples à base de ciment CEM I et CEM II. Nous avons mené une étude expérimentale approfondie sur deux mortiers normalisés à base de ciment CEM I et CEM II pour comprendre les mécanismes physico-chimiques de la carbonatation. Nous avons utilisé les techniques suivantes pour examiner les conséquences de la carbonatation sur les caractéristiques microstructurales de la matrice cimentaire : analyse thermogravimétrique, diffraction de rayons X, pycnométrie à l’hélium, adsorption – désorption d’azote et de vapeur d’eau. Comme ces modifications observées au niveau de la microstructure induisent à leur tour des évolutions significatives au niveau des propriétés macroscopiques d’usage et des indicateurs de durabilité, nous avons examiné les conséquences de la carbonatation sur la perméabilité au gaz, la vitesse de propagation des ondes ultrasonores, la conductivité thermique et la résistivité électrique de surface. Notre étude a également porté sur la contribution de la carbonatation à la cicatrisation des mortiers endommagés thermiquement. Enfin, nos résultats expérimentaux ont été utilisés comme base de données pour élaborer un modèle sur la propagation de CO2 dans la matrice cimentaireCarbonation is one of the most important factors that initiate the corrosion of steel bars in reinforced concrete. Its kinetics are often used to model the durability of structures. Under the action of carbon dioxide from the air and with the presence of water in the pores, several hydrated phases of the cement paste are carbonated and form calcium carbonate. This process causes a decrease in pH of the pore water, which subsequently induces the depassivation and corrosion of the rebars. Although the carbonation of cementitious materials has been extensively studied in recent years, results in literature about changes in both micro and macroscopic levels are extremely contradictory. The aim of this work is to study the micro and macroscopic effects of carbonation on two standard cement mortars CEM I and CEM II. A wide experimental campaign was conducted on two standard mortars CEM I and CEM II in order to apprehend the physicochemical mechanisms of the carbonation. The following techniques were used to examine the impacts of carbonation on the microstructural characteristics of the cementitious matrix : thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, helium pycnometry, nitrogen and water vapor adsorption-desorption. As changes observed in the microstructure could consequently induce significant modifications in the macroscopic properties and the sustainability indicators, we examined the effects of carbonation on the gas permeability, the ultrasonic waves velocity, the thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity. Our work also studied the self-healing effect caused by carbonation of thermally damaged mortars. Finally, our experimental results were used as a database to elaborate a model of the propagation of CO2 in the cementitious matrix
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Cappelin, Isabelle. "Synthèse de liants pouzzolaniques : application au traitement des sols fins argileux". Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30280.
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Notre travail a porte sur l'etude de la stabilisation d'un sol fin argileux a l'aide de liants hydrauliques a base d'argile et de chaux. Nous avons selectionne quatre materiaux: deux argiles quasi monominerales: une kaolinite et une montmorillonite et deux produits tout-venant: une laterite de madagascar riche en kaolinite et une molasse du sud-ouest de la france composee de smectite associee a de faibles quantites d'illite, de kaolinite et de chlorite. La premiere partie est consacree a l'etude de l'hydratation en presence de chaux des materiaux calcines en lit fixe dans un domaine de temperature compris entre 600 et 900c. Les techniques physico-chimiques nous ont aide a preciser l'etat des materiaux avant et apres calcination. Les essais mecaniques realises sur des microeprouvettes nous ont permis: - d'optimiser la temperature de calcination des produits et la quantite d'activateur chimique des melanges; - de determiner l'influence de la duree de calcination, de la teneur en eau de gachage et du mode de conservation des eprouvettes. Dans la deuxieme partie, les quatre liants optimises ont ete testes en traitement des sols fins. Nous avons compare, en faisant varier certains parametres, les resistances mecaniques a celles obtenues avec un traitement au ciment ou a la chaux generalement utilise pour la stabilisation des sols argileux. Les resultats obtenus avec la kaolinite sont du meme ordre de grandeur que ceux induits par un traitement au ciment
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Chouicha, Kaddour. "Evolution microstructurale des micro-betons soumis a des chargements cycliques de faible frequence". Toulouse, INSA, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ISAT0026.
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L'etude de l'evolution de la structure de micro-betons soumis a des changements cycliques de faible frequence permet de souligner qu'a des taux de chargements inferieurs a 50 % de la charge de rupture, l'evolution microstructurale se traduit par un deplacement d'eau lie a un retrecissement des pores couple eventuellement a quelques micro-ruptures dans les interfaces pate de ciment-granulat. Pour des taux de chargement plus eleves, il y a simultanement ecrasement des pores et croissance des microfissures aux interfaces, croissance qui conduirait a la rupture pour un grand nombre de cyclos.
10
Carpio, Pérez Juan-José. "Étude de la dépassivation et de la repassivation des armatures métalliques dans les bétons". Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPA339.
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La première partie de l'étude concerne la dépassivation des armatures en acier dans des mortiers. La dépassivation est due au dioxyde de carbone et aux chlorures venant du milieu environnant et traversant l'enrobage de béton. Les résultats ont montré que le processus de pénétration des chlorures peut être décrit par la loi de diffusion de Fick. Il est influencé par la teneur en dioxyde de carbone dans le mortier d'enrobage. La dépassivation (amorçage de la corrosion) se produit quand la teneur en chlorure (CL) dans l'enrobage au contact de l'acier, est égale à la teneur en hydroxyle (OH) ou à 0,6 OH (la dispersion de cette teneur critique (CL) est en accord avec celle des mesures de pH). La deuxième partie de cette étude concerne la repassivation des armatures enrobées de mortier, obtenue par polarisation cathodique. Le comportement de l'interface de l'acier est étudié par essais électrochimiques qui sont la spectrométrie d'impédance électrochimique, la mesure de résistance de polarisation et un nouvel essai appelé « saut de courant » (SDC). Les paramètres déterminés par l'essai SDC sont des résistances et des capacités qui sont très semblables à ceux qui sont obtenus par les essais électrochimiques classiques.
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Salvador, Sylvain. "Production de pouzzolanes de synthèse par calcination flash de sols argileux : étude des produits et conception d'une installation". Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0040.
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Les sols fins constituant une piste ou les sous couches d'une chaussee sont aujourd'hui stabilises par adjonction de liant hydraulique: la chaux ou le ciment. Notre travail a ete de concevoir une installation mobile qui transforme des sols naturels argileux, par sechage/broyage puis calcination, en pouzzolanes de synthese destinees a remplacer le ciment. Dans un premier temps, les procedes industriels bases sur des echanges thermiques en suspension ou flash sont retenus. Les parametres de calcination flash (temperature, duree) font defaut dans la litterature. Cependant les resultats bibliographiques obtenus par calcination traditionnelle (durees de 10 mn au moins) ont permis d'etablir un modele thermochimique qui simule l'evolution de la transformation. Celui-ci applique a la calcination flash (durees de l'ordre de la s) donne des resultats que nous comparons aux valeurs experimentales, obtenues sur un calcinateur flash de laboratoire construit pour ce travail, et sur un pilote existant. Les proprietes mineralogiques et structurales des produits calcines flash sont analysees; deux essais de reactivite a la chaux permettent de tester les liants obtenus et d'optimiser les temperatures de calcination flash. Deux argiles de type kaolinite, une montmorillonite et un sol naturel sont traites. A partir de cette etude, nous avons etabli le bilan thermique d'une installation industrielle complete, debouchant sur un schema de conception du calcinateur et du refroidisseur
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Duval, Thomas. "Analyse informatique post-mortem : mise en oeuvre et évaluation d'une approche bayésienne". Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S185.
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La criminalité informatique est un phénomène en augmentation. Les délits sont de plus en plus nombreux et complexes. L'analyse criminelle informatique, discipline encore récente, est une activité empirique reposant essentiellement sur l'expérience des enquêteurs. L'objectif de ce travail est d'abord de proposer un modèle du processus d'investigation, permettant la description de la configuration des systèmes compromis et de leurs vulnérabilités, des scénarios d'attaque et du cheminement de l'enquête. Une approche bayésienne a été mise en oeuvre pour proposer des hypothèses et des techniques d'analyse en fonction du contexte et des observations constatées. Un prototype a ensuite été réalisé. Des expérimentations et des démonstrations devant des professionnels ont permis de vérifier la pertinence du modèle et de l'approche, ainsi que la capacité de notre solution à travailler sur des cas réels.
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Khoury, Wedad. "Deir Seta : prospection et analyse d'une ville morte inédite en Syrie /". Damas : Dar Tlass, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb356775478.
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Souza, Andreia Cristina Breda de. "Analise histologica de dentes deciduos rosados apos a morte". [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290804.
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Orientador: Eduardo HeblingDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T16:23:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_AndreiaCristinaBredade_M.pdf: 2592570 bytes, checksum: 3e2aefee4ccf5baaad436d20f9d7fa81 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002
Resumo: A pigmentação rosada é uma alteração cromática dos dentes, que pode estar relacionada a mortes súbitas e violentas, resultante do extravasamento sanguineo a partir da polpa dentária, com penetração da hemoglobina ou seus subprodutos no interior dos túbulos dentinários. Fatores como a umidade, temperatura e a posição em que são encontrados os corpos são considerados como coadjuvantes no desenvolvimento do fenômeno. Neste trabalho foram utilizadas duas amostras com o objetivo de analisar as fases de formação desta alteração cromática, sendo uma amostra constituída de dentes decíduos naturalmente rosados e a outra de dentes decíduos cuja pigmentação rosada foi reproduzida experimentalmente. Após a indução da pigmentação rosada, através da injeção sanguínea a partir do ápice radicular, quando da observação da modificação cromática os elementos dentários foram submetidos em diferentes dias a uma análise histológica e outra espectrofotométrica. Os resultados obtidos através das duas análises permitiram-nos concluir que a hemoglobina íntegra é a responsável pela alteração de cor, os seus subprodutos não têm papel fundamental no desenvolvimento do fenômeno e que a sua degradação não acontece de forma única e é mais lenta do que previamente se pensava
Abstract: Pink pigmentation is a chromatic change of teeth that may be related to sudden and violent deaths. It is caused by blood flow out trom dental pulp, with the penetration of hemoglobin and its sub products into dentinal tubules. Factors such as temperature and the position of the bodies are considered to help the development of such situation. This research used two samples to analyze the phases of that chromatic change. One of the samples was a group of naturally pink deciduous teeth. The other group was deciduous teeth that the pink pigmentation was reproduced experimentally. After reproduction of pink pigmentation, these teeth were histological and spectrophotometric analyzed in different days. Therefore it was concluded that the hemoglobin is responsible for color change and its degradation happens slower that was earlier thought
Mestrado
Mestre em Odontologia Legal e Deontologia
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Bidaubayle, Dominique. "Expression régionale et cinéma l'expérience de "Landes mortes, Landes vivantes /". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602986w.
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Schattner-Rieser, Ursula. "L'arameen des manuscrits de la mer morte. Analyse phonetique et phonologique, diachronique et comparee". Paris, EPHE, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EPHE4056.
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Nous proposons ici une etude en deux parties, qui sont independantes, bien que complementaires l'une de l'autre. La premiere intitulee : analyse phonetique et grammaticale diachronique et comparee est une presentation des particularites phonologiques de la langue arameenne comparee au phenicien et a l'hebreu quand cela nous paraissait important. Elle est centree sur la periode des mutations consonantiques s'etalant du septieme siecle avant notre ere au premier siecle de notre ere, se distinguant par la definitivement de la branche cananeenne. La seconde : l'arameen des manuscrits de la mer morte, se veut une grammaire descriptive et synchronique des textes de la mer morte, des periodes hellenistique et romaine. Le corpus traite englobe les textes litteraires de qumran et les documents prives trouves dans les grottes des alentours, notamment le wadi murabba'at, le nahal khever et le wadi seyal a caractere officiel issus d'importantes archives ainsi que la correspondance privee datant des environs de la revolte juive en 135. La totalite de traits qui se degage de l'analyse montre un arameen riche en innovations souvent influence par l'hebreu, se distinguant de l'arameen officiel de l'epoque achemenide, mais aussi de l'arameen bibliqueThe present dissertation includes two parts. The first one consists of a diachronic and comparative analysis of the phonetic system of aramaic. This part concentrates on the consonantical mutations embracing the period from the seventh century bc to the first century ad. The second one is a grammatical treatise about the aramaic of the dead sea scrolls. The corpus for the grammar consists of the literary texts found in the qumran caves and of the documents from the caves in the neighbourhood (wadi murabba'at, nahal hever and wadi seyal. The material analysed shows the different strata of the aramaic language from the hellenestic and roman periods, which is rich in innovations, differing from offical aramaic of the achemenid period as also from biblical aramaic
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Vuko, Loyiso Abongile Marvin. "Post-mortem toxicogenetics: determining the suitable of blood samples collected for routine toxicological analyses for use in subsequent genetic analyses". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29525.
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South Africa has one of the highest prevalences of drug misuse and abuse in Africa. Salt River Mortuary (Cape Town, South Africa), along with other national Forensic Pathology Service providers, receives many cases of suspected drug-related deaths. In some cases, the traditional autopsy – when viewed together with the decedent's history – is not able to indicate whether a drug-related death is accidental or suicidal in relation to altered drug metabolism. Literature has shown that this can be investigated by sequencing gene(s) encoding the implicated metabolising enzyme(s) in a postmortem genetic analysis. However, as such an analysis would normally be performed following the obtainment of postmortem toxicological results, it is imperative to investigate whether blood samples retrieved back from a toxicology laboratory would be sufficient for the said genetic analysis, despite the handling involved in the process of toxicological investigation. To this end, blood samples from 30 deceased individuals in which drug use/abuse may have contributed to death, were collected into two red-top tubes (plain), two grey-top tubes (containing sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate) and one EDTAcontaining purple-top tube (control). DNA was immediately extracted from one of each colour tube, while the duplicate red-top and grey-top tubes first underwent a process of toxicological analyses, and then underwent DNA extraction. The concentration, degradation, purity, contamination, and quality of DNA were assessed using real-time PCR, spectrophotometry, forensic DNA profiling, and Sanger sequencing. In contrast to the grey-top tubes, the results showed that the red-top tubes were most suitable for the aforementioned genetic analysis. Overall, the study not only demonstrated that postmortem genetic analysis using samples retrieved from a toxicology laboratory is possible in the local context, but also provided guidelines around the pre-analytical phase of the analysis. These results illustrate the opportunity to investigate these toxicogenetic avenues further, particularly in future expansion of services currently provided at Salt River Mortuary, which may provide families more information about circumstances of their relative’s death.
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Rodrigues, Rosangela Hammes. "Da morte da lagarta ao mosaico da borboleta". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1992. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/106341.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 1992.Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-05T20:11:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 85816.pdf: 4549226 bytes, checksum: 5f16972741b760467dac81058035d854 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1992
Esta dissertação, na perspectiva da análise do discurso, analisa a fragmentação e a unificação do sujeito no texto e a constituição do sentido, através do conceito da polifonia. Aborda, inicialmente, a heterogeneidade enunciativa de um modo mais amplo, analisando a questão da interdiscursividade que constitui o texto como uma incompletude. Analisa também o sujeito enquanto constituído por diferentes funções enunciativas, caracterizando-o como um sujeito complexo, dividido, que se manifesta no texto através da heterogeneidade textual. Em seguida, aborda a heterogeneidade mostrada, em especial a polifonia: conceito, tipos de polifonia e principais efeitos polifônicos. A partir deste aparato teórico, ocorre o estudo da heterogeneidade enunciativa no discurso literário, que compreende a análise de dez textos: cinco crônicas e cinco contos. Traz também reflexões sobre as estratégias discursivas presentes neste tipo de discurso, fornecendo alguns elementos diferenciados entre eles. Através do estudo e da verificação da constituição do sujeito e do sentido, esta dissertação pretende também contribuir para uma melhor compreensão da organização textual.
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Costa, Luis Renato da Silveira. "Estimativa do tempo decorrido de morte atraves da analise do esfriamento corporal". [s.n.], 1998. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290714.
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Orientador: Eduardo DarugeDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O estudo da cronotanatognose (determinação do tempo de morte) baseia-se na avaliação dos fenômenos cadavéricos conhecidos como fenômenos consecutivos, posto que surgem algum tempo após a morte, a saber: a evaporação cutânea, os livores hipostáticos, a rigidez cadavérica e o esfriamento corporal. Dentre esses fenômenos, somente as variações da temperatura corporal são passíveis de medição, sendo que os demais permitem, apenas, avaliações qualitativas, sujeitas à interpretação individual. Este estudo teve por finalidade analisar o comportamento da temperatura corporal após a morte, objetivando estabelecer parâmetros que possam orientar os peritos, nas situações em que a determinação do tempo de morte se fizer necessária. Foi observada a variação da temperatura corporal em 42 (quarenta e dois) cadáveres não identificados, vítimas de morte violenta que faleceram em um Pronto Socorro de Urgências de Vitória - ES e que posteriormente foram encaminhados ao Departamento Médico Legal de Vitória (DML). Foram registradas: a temperatura corporal e a temperatura ambiente na hora da morte; a temperatura corporal e a temperatura ambiente quando da entrada dos corpos na sala de necrópsias do DML; a temperatura corporal e a temperatura ambiente, em intervalos de 01 (uma) hora, em um total de 03 (três) medições. Como critério para a medição da temperatura corporal foi utilizada a via retal, por ser esta via menos sujeita às variações ambientais, empregando-se um termômetro de mercúrio de haste longa, cilíndrico, graduado de - 10 a 200°C (graus centígrados), introduzido no ânus a uma profundidade de 5,0 (cinco) centímetros, com leitura feita após 05 (cinco) minutos. Foram analisados cadáveres do sexo masculino, com idade compreendida entre 20 (vinte) e 50 (cinquenta) anos, com peso entre 70 (setenta) e 100 (cem) quilogramas, nus, em posição de decúbito dorsal, sem terem sido lavados. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise matemática e à análise estatística
Abstract: The time of death detennination is based on the body' s transformation known as consecutive phenomenon, such as: they surge some time after the death, to know: skin evaporation, post ¿mortem hypostasis (lividity or suggilation), rigor mortis and body's cooling. lnside these phenomena, only variation of body's temperature are possible to be measured, and anothers are passive only to quantitative avaliations, subject to individual interpretation. This study research has to objective to análise the behavior of the body' s temperature after death, and aim create parameters that can help the PQliceman experts on the situations in such: ¿time of death¿ is imprecindible to know. It were observed the corporal body's temperature in 42 (fourty two) corpses, not identified, victim of violent death, and subsequently were sent to Legal Medical Department of Vitória - ES, Brazil, and all of those corpses the time of death were known. There were registred: the body' s temperature and ambient' s temperature at death time; the body' s temperature and ambient's temperature when the corpses got in the Legal Medical Department. At the necropsis room, it took register of the ambient' s temperature and took the register of the body's temperature; and the ambient's temperature in such intervals of one hour (l h); and totalizing 3 (three) measurements. The measurements were made in the rectum, because this location is less subject to ambiental's variations oftemperature, and to do it; it were utilized one thermometer, with mercury collumn graduate from ¿ 10° (less ten) to + 200° (two hundred) Celsius degrees. The thermometer were introduced 5,0 (five) centimeters inside the corpses, and the reading were done after 5,0 (five) minutes. There were analized male's sex corpses; age between 20 (twenty) and 50 (fifty) years old, weight between 70 (seventy) and 100 (one hundred) kilograms, nude, in the position of dorsal decubit in a stainless steel table, the corpses were not washed. The results were submit to statistical analisis
Mestrado
Odontologia Legal e Deontologia
Mestre em Ciências
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Solar, López Tania Larisa. "Morte pela própria mão". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/106796.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social, Florianópolis, 2013Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-05T22:23:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 318990.pdf: 2431401 bytes, checksum: 749859f830982139535b7c4164559cf4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
As mortes pela própria mão, ou ?suicídio?, no interior das comunidades de Alto Bío Bío, no Chile, tiveram um aumento alarmante nos últimos dez anos. Este trabalho visa compreender através das narrativas das próprias pessoas Mapuche Pewenche qual é a significação atribuída a essas mortes. A dinâmica do trabalho de campo ao longo de cinco meses permitiu, sobretudo, conviver com pessoas Pewenche que tinham familiares mortos nos últimos dez anos por ?suicídio?. De suas narrativas emerge um mundo polissêmico, onde não cabe uma concepção monolítica dos ?suicídios?, que para surpresa da pesquisadora resultam num tema que se abre na memória, fluindo sem subterfúgios, emergindo múltiplo e tendo como pano de fundo a concepção da morte. A morte é o tema de entrada e saída, para compreender as mortes pela própria mão acontecidas nas comunidades. Enquanto uma viagem para kamapu (outra terra), a morte é nosso destino nessa terra e é abordada com a naturalidade da vida. Assim o campo mostrou que, seja qual for sua causa, a morte não é um tema tabu para os Pewenche. Também, demonstrou que os ?suicídios? não podem ser atribuídos exclusivamente a uma causa individual. A partir dos relatos enquanto narrativas emerge um mundo de sentidos, relatos hiper-realistas aparecem como um contraste frente à resistência geral de falar desse tema na chamada ?cultura ocidental?. Nos relatos, em seu sentido performativo, emerge um sentido novo, que organiza a experiência e permite dar uma compreensão inserida na cosmovisão dos Pewenche.Porém, as mortes acontecidas nos últimos anos reorientaram o sentido da vida de pelo menos uma parte já fragmentada dos Pewenche do Alto Bío Bío, especialmente nas comunidades que foram afetadas diretamente pelas represas construídas nos últimos anos. As machi ou xamãs, por sua vez, fizeram com que os Pewenche se olhassem e atendessem à voz dos espíritos que falam sobre as forças negativas que estão ganhando espaço e que provocam a desarticulação comunitária. As mortes são vistas como uma expressão do desequilíbrio, mas também por tratar-se de mortes inesperadas, segundo os xamãs. Elas falam de uma necessidade de reconstruir o território no sentido cosmo-político, ou seja, abrem um espaço para se pensar como um povo imerso em um contexto de globalização, com suas diferenças, num sentido político amplo, territorial, espiritual, ritual e social.A partir da concepção da morte dos Pewenche, a pesquisa de campo permite refletir e questionar a dimensão da morte na complexidade de olhares da(s) antropologia(s). O campo é um mergulho exploratório que abre um horizonte de trabalho rico e que ainda não foi suficientemente abordado pela antropologia. Só existem aproximações do campo da biomedicina, sob o risco de reduzir o fenômeno ao domínio do individual e o psíquico.
Abstract: An alarming increase in death by their own hand, or ?suicides?, within the communities Mapuche Pewenche of the Alto Bío Bío has occurred in the last ten years. Through an analysis and understanding of the Mapuche Pewenche people?s own narratives and accounts, this investigation?s objective is to understand the significance that these indigenous cultures attribute to such deaths.Over the course of five months of field work, this investigation focused on the stories and experiences of Pewenche individuals who have lost relatives to ?suicide? in the last ten years. From their narratives, a polysemic world emerges that precludes a monolithic or singular conception of the suicides. To this investigator?s surprise, a theme of fluid memory, without subterfuges, emerges with a foundation in a conception of death. Death, as an entry and an exit, is the conception that allows these communities to understand the death by own hand. As much as a trip to the kamapu (other land), death is our destiny in this world and it is treated as naturally as life itself.Thus, field work demonstrated that, regardless of the cause, death is not taboo for the Pewenche of the Alto Bío Bío. The research further demonstrated that ?suicides? cannot be attributed, either solely or principally, to individual causes. From accounts that are as much stories as factual descriptions, there emerges a world of feelings and hyper realistic accounts that contrast with Western culture?s resistence to speak of the subject. Through such accounts, always shared performatively, a new meaning emerges, one that organizes the experience and provides it a significance that fits within the world view of the Pewenche people.The suicides of recent years re-oriented the meaning of life, or at least, a part of life already fragmented for the Pewenche in the Alto Bío Bío, especially for communities directly affected by dams. The Pewenche sought help from shamans or machi, who in turn encouraged the Pewenche to reflect on their own transformation and to heed the voices of the spirits that speak of negative forces. If ignored, these negative forces of the Earth would continue to gather strength and provoke communal dislocation, an imbalance reflected in suicides. In addition, as unexpected deaths, and as interpreted by the shamans, these deaths speak of the need to reconstruct the land in a cosmic-political way. Or, in other words, suicides open an intellectual space to consider how people of different political, territorial, spiritual and social characteristics chafe against being immersed in globalization.From the Pewenche?s conception of death, field work allows one to reflect on and question the dimension of death from different anthropologic perspectives. This field work is only an exploratory venture that reveals a rich horizon of investigation that has yet to be defined by anthropology, at least in Chile, where only rough appraisals exist in the field of biomedical sciences, which risks reducing the phenomenon to the psychic dominion of the individual.
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Eadmusik, Sunee. "Effets de la vitesse de glycolyse post mortem du muscle de dinde : une analyse biochimique et protéomique". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7778/1/eadmusik.pdf.
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Deux groupes de dinde sont sélectionnés selon leur valeur du pH20min post mortem du muscle Pectoralis major. Les modifications des protéines sont étudiées dans des muscles du groupe glycolyse rapide (GR, pH20min = 5,80 + 0,07, n = 20) et ceux du groupe glycolyse normale (GN, pH20min = 6,21 + 0,01, n = 20) à 20 min et à 24 h post mortem. La viande GR exhibe les qualités technologiques plus faibles (plus pertes à la conservation et moins aptitudes aux transformations) que la viande GN par contre la valeur de L* n'est pas différente entre ces deux groupes de viande. Les résultats de teneur en glycogène et en ses métabolites confirment la vitesse plus élevée de glycolyse de viande GR. Les faibles extractabilités des protéines myofibrillaire (fraction HIS) et cytosquelletiques (fraction culot) à 20 min post mortem du groupe GR peuvent être un résultat de la combinaison bas pH – température élevée conduisant à la dénaturation des protéines musculaires. Cependant, la viande GR semble avoir une maturation plus faible que la viande GN. Après une séparation des protéines par SDS-PAGE, quelques animaux du groupe GR présentent une forte baisse d'intensité des bandes situées autour de 45 kDa et 200 kDa. Ces protéines sont identifiées comme l'actine et la chaîne lourde de la myosine (MHC), respectivement. Leurs quantités relatives ne diffèrent pas entre les deux groupes à 20 min post mortem. Par contre, les viandes GR ont une moins de quantité relative de l'actine à 24 h post mortem. Toutefois, les quantités relatives d'actine et de MHC sont augmentées avec le temps post mortem. Les activités de la phosphofructokinase, de l'aldolase A et de la GAPDH sont inférieures pour la viande GR. Cependant, les paramètres cinétiques d'aldolase A et de GAPDH, la quantité relative de GAPDH ainsi que l'expression du gène codant pour l'aldolase A ne sont pas différents entre la viande des groupes GR et GN.
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Eadmusik, Sunee Rémignon Hervé. "Effets de la vitesse de glycolyse post mortem du muscle de dinde une analyse biochimique et protéomique /". Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2009. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000751.
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Khay, Ismail. "Etude physico-chimique des interfaces chaux/chanvre/argile : Impact sur la rhéologie des mortiers et sur les propriétés mécaniques, thermiques et hydriques du matériau composite". Limoges, 2012. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/03feab96-e977-420f-b23c-f2c8dec95df3/blobholder:0/2012LIMO4055.pdf.
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La compréhension de différents phénomènes physico-chimiques mis en jeu lors de la formulation et la mise en forme d’un matériau composite à base d’une matrice minérale et de fibres cellulosiques, permet de mieux optimiser l’élaboration et la consolidation finale ainsi que de corréler les observations microstructurales avec les propriétés d’usage des composites. Le comportement rhéologique du mortier étudié dépend du pH du milieu, de la nature et de la surface spécifique des minéraux argileux. L’utilisation d’une charge minérale qui contient de la chamotte, apporte un effet pouzzolanique au mélange et sa présence participe à la stabilisation du matériau composite. L'introduction de fibres dans une matrice minérale modifie le caractère fragile de la matrice minérale et conduit à un comportement non linéaire endommageable, caractéristique d'un matériau composite. Un traitement des fibres à la soude permet d’individualiser les microfibrilles : cela augmente la rugosité des fibres, signe d'une interface fibre/matrice réduite. En revanche, ces microfibrilles sont très sensibles à l’eau. L’introduction de fibres de chanvre dans une matrice minérale baisse considérablement la valeur de la conductivité thermique du composite. Ces fibres cellulosiques présentent un caractère hygroscopique important, entraînant une modification de l’absorption d’eau par capillarité. Ainsi, ces matériaux composites sont bien plus résistants aux cycles de gel/dégelUnderstanding the different physical and chemical phenomena involved during the formulation and shaping processes for a composite material made of a mineral matrix and cellulose fibers, leads to a better optimization of the elaboration and the final consolidation, and also to establish the correlations between the microstructures and the physical properties of the composites. The rheological behavior of studied mortar depends on the pH of medium, the nature and the specific surface area of clay minerals. When calcined clay mineral is present, it provides a pozzolanic effect to the mixture and participates in the stabilization of the composite material. Adding fibers to mineral matrix modifies the fragile character of the mineral matrix to a nonlinear endommageable behavior, which is characteristic of a composite material. A treatment of fibers with sodium hydroxide allows to individualize microfibrils: it increases the fibers roughness, indicating a reduced interface between the fibers and the matrix. However, these microfibrils are very sensitive to water. Addition of hemp fibers decreases the thermal conductivity of the composite. These cellulosic fibers present significant hygroscopic properties, resulting in a change of water absorption by capillarity. So, these composite materials are resistant to freeze / thaw cycles
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Parpinelli, Mary Angela 1956. "Mortalidade de mulheres em idade reprodutiva no municipoio de Campinas : analise de 1985 a 1994". [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308234.
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Orientadores: Anibal Faundes, Jose Guilherme CecattiTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Estudou-se a mortalidade de mulheres em idade reprodutiva (10-49 anos) residentes no município de Campinas no período de 1985 a 1994. As informações de mortalidade foram obtidas das DO (declarações de óbito), fotocopiadas da FSEADE (Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados) e complementadas, por pesquisa em prontuários clínicos hospitalares. As causas de óbito foram identificadas pelo autor a partir das DOs e codificadas segundo a CID-10 (Classificação Internacional de Doenças, 10a Revisão). Os dados de população foram estimados a partir dos dois últimos censos demográficos pelo LAPEI DMPS/FCMlUNICAMP (Laboratório de Análise e Pesquisas Epidemiológicas/ Departamento de Medicina Preventiva' e Social/Universidade Estadual de Campinas). Analisou-se a mortalidade segundo causas, grupo etário, evolução temporal e evitabilidade. Para análise de tendência utilizou-se a regressão linear simples, adotando-se como limite de significância p
Doutorado
Tocoginecologia
Doutor em Medicina
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Neuberger, Ferdinand M. "Serielle Analyse stabiler Isotope an Haarkeratin zur post mortem Rekonstruktion von Lebenslaufparametern in forensisch relevanten Fällen von Unterernährung". Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-159798.
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Die Diagnose einer Unterernährung bei Kindern und Erwachsenen ist in der Pädiatrie
und Geriatrie ein wichtiges Thema. Aber auch in der Forensik spielt sie eine große Rolle,
gerade im Falle von Vernachlässigung und Missbrauch schutzbefohlener Personen. Derzeit
existieren kaum Methoden, um zuverlässig den Zeitrahmen einer Unterernährung rückwirkend
zu bestimmen. Die Analyse der stabilen Stickstoff- und Kohlenstoffisotope (δ15N-,
δ13C-Wert) im Haarkeratin ist in der Anthropologie ein etabliertes Verfahren zur Untersuchung
der menschlichen Ernährung und des individuellen Ernährungszustandes. Bei
einem mangelhaften Ernährungszustand müssen die körpereigenen Protein- und Energiereserven
angegriffen und wiederverwertet werden. Dieser sogenannte Hungerstoffwechsel
zeigt sich auch in der biochemischen Zusammensetzung des Haarkeratins. Mithilfe von seriellen
Analysen an Haarproben wird nach spezifischen Signaturen der N- und C-Isotope
gesucht, welche sich während einer Unterernährung ausbilden. So soll ein verlässlicher
Indikator entwickelt werden, welcher es ermöglicht, den Beginn und die Dauer einer Unterernährung
zu rekonstruieren.
Bei dieser Arbeit liegt der Schwerpunkt auf der Analyse von Haarproben aus der
Rechtsmedizin. Jeder dieser 17 Fälle weist eine ausgeprägte Unterernährung auf. Daneben
wurden in einer kleinen Vorstudie vier Haarprobe von Magersuchtpatienten untersucht.
Trotz unbekannter Ernährungsgewohnheiten kann mit Hilfe der Isotopendaten in
den meisten Fällen ein mangelhafter Ernährungszustand diagnostiziert werden. In einigen
Fällen ist es sogar möglich, einzelne Unterernährungsphasen voneinander abzugrenzen.
Zudem lassen sich mitunter auch Erholungsphasen erkennen, in denen sich der Ernährungszustand
scheinbar kurzfristig gebessert hat. Jedoch ist es bisher noch nicht gelungen,
allgemein gültige Erkennungsmerkmale aufzustellen, welche bei allen Fällen ausnahmslos
zur Bestimmung einer Unterernährung angewendet werden können. Folglich muss weiterhin
jeder einzelne Unterernährungsfall individuell analysiert und ausgewertet werden.
Des Weiteren wurde an acht Haarproben aus der Rechtsmedizin die spezifische Aminosäurezusammensetzung
des Haarkeratins während eines schlechten Ernährungszustandes
analysiert. Dabei wurde versucht, der Unterernährungssignatur der δ-Werte weiter auf die
Spur zu kommen. Die Daten zeigen, dass vor allem die Aminosäure Prolin während der
Unterernährungsphasen vermehrt im Haarkeratin zu finden ist. Zwar lässt sich zwischen
dem Verlauf der δ-Werte und der erhöhten Prolinmenge noch kein direkter Zusammenhang
erkennen, jedoch wird deutlich, dass sich die Ergebnisse der Isotopendaten und der
Aminosäureanalyse gegenseitig stützen und so zu einer besseren Aufklärung von Unterernährungsfällen beitragen können.
Da die Entwicklung und der spezifische Verlauf der δ13C-Werte während einer Unterernährung
noch nicht vollständig geklärt sind, wurde ein weiteres Probandenkollektiv in
dieser Arbeit untersucht. Hierfür wurden Haarproben von sechs Probanden gesammelt,
welche an einer medizinisch betreuten Fastentherapie teilnahmen. Durch Haaranalysen
und weitere Untersuchungen sollte geklärt werden, ob 12C-Isotope aus den abgebauten,
körpereigenen Fettreserven auch als Bausteine für das Haarkeratin Verwendung finden
und so für das Absinken des δ13C-Wertes bei einigen Unterernährungsfällen verantwortlich
sind. Es konnte mithilfe dieser Fastenstudie allerdings nicht bewiesen werden, dass
leichte Kohlenstoffisotope aus den abgebauten Fettreserven ins Keratin eingebaut werden.
Die Ergebnisse aus den drei Probandenkollektiven bestätigen jedoch eindeutig, dass
mit Hilfe der seriellen Isotopenanalytik an Haaren sowohl eine Umstellung der Ernährung
erkannt, als auch die Qualität des individuellen Ernährungszustandes beurteilt werden
kann.
Aufgrund dessen könnte gerade diese Methode bei der Aufklärung von Vernachlässigungsfällen,
aber auch bei der Prävention gute Dienste leisten. Dennoch gilt es in zukünftigen
Forschungsansätzen noch einige Problemstellungen zu überwinden, um dieses Ziel
vollständig zu erreichen.
26
Perata, R. "L'OUVERTURE D'OPERA ITALIANA DALLA MORTE DI MOZART ALLA RESTAURAZIONE - TECNICHE FORMULARI E INNOVAZIONI FORMALI". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/370299.
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The operatic repertory composed between the death of Mozart, in 1791, and the consecration of Rossini, around 1815, is one of the less known to professional musicians of our day and one of the less performed in modern opera houses. A period of deep transformation, in which social, political and economical changes lead to significant innovations in the world of Italian opera and its management as well, establishing new methods and techniques in music composition, with a growing role played by conventions and formulas. Starting from a famous essay by Philip Gossett, this research investigates the evolution of a specific form within the operatic world - the overture - allowing to focus on music issues rather than on the libretti.
After a historical recognition on composers and titles that were actually performed in major Italian opera houses during the chosen period, and on the theoretical background provided by composition treatises of the second half of the 18th and early 19th centuries, a corpus of about one hundred thirty overtures by thirty-seven composers is analysed with a double-eyed look -both historical and modern-, in search of recurring patterns and structures, but also of personal solutions and novelties. Comparative study proves that the overture went through a much larger variety of possibilities than its usual description -both in ancient and modern sources- as a "sonata form without development" allows to understand: although forms not related to the sonata are rare, a certain amount of choices were available (number of themes, transition paths, development, crescendo, etc.). While carrying out a much more specific and detailed morphology of the overture, tracing its evolution through some twenty-five years also allows re-establishing historical truth over legendary tools such as the Rossini-crescendo, and to reconstruct the "common language" of Italian opera at the time, making a better understanding of the contributions of each composer possible. This should lead to a new comprehension of authorship, freed from the modern attitude of "genius-at-work", and re-inserted in its historical context of a musical res publica whose forms, tonal paths, compositional formulas, and orchestral solutions, were still common to all its citizens.
27
Mazzoli, Francesca <1997>. "“La morte del sole”. Proposta di traduzione, analisi e commento del romanzo 日熄 (Rixi, la morte del sole) di Yan Lianke". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21609.
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La tesi propone la traduzione di due dei capitoli del romanzo ”La morte del sole” (Rixi 日熄, 2015) di Yan Lianke. La tesi è divisa in tre parti principali: la prima parte ha lo scopo di fornire le informazioni essenziali sul periodo storico durante il quale è maturato il distintivo stile narrativo dell’autore, da lui stesso denominato “mito-realismo” (Shenshizhuyi, 神实主义). Segue poi una breve analisi del “mito-realismo” e la descrizione delle sue principali caratteristiche. La prima parte contiene, inoltre, la biografia dell’autore accompagnata da una breve presentazione delle sue opere più conosciute. Si prosegue illustrando le più importanti tematiche toccate dalle opere di Yan Lianke e i principali temi presentati nel romanzo, oggetto della traduzione.
La seconda parte è interamente dedicata alla traduzione dal cinese all’italiano del primo e dell’ultimo capitole del romanzo “La morte del sole”.
La terza parte presenta l’analisi e il commento traduttologico: I principali problemi traduttivi verranno analizzati sulla base del confronto tra la traduzione proposta, la traduzione inglese del romanzo, pubblicata nel 2018 a cura di Carlos Rojas, e la traduzione italiana, pubblicata a marzo 2022 a cura di Lucia Regola.
28
Fonseca, Vitoria Azevedo da. "Historia imaginada no cinema : analise de Carlota Joaquina, a princesa do Brasil e Independencia ou Morte". [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278751.
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Orientador: Leandro KarnalDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: A presente dissertação é uma comparação entre os filmes históricos Carlota Joaquina, a princesa do Brazil (Carta Camurati, 1995) e Independência ou Morte (Cartos Coimbra, 1972) e tem como objetivo compreender como estes representam a história do Brasil. A análise aborda, principalmente, os seguintes aspectos: comparação dos elementos da linguagem cinematográfica; processo de produção dos filmes ressaltando a preocupação, ou ausência dela, com a "reconstituição histórica" dos filmes e com a realização de pesquisas históricas; o diálogo que os filmes estabelecem com suas respectivas fontes históricas e como criam os significados históricos em imagens e, por fim, aspectos da recepção crítica dos filmes
Abstract: This thesis compares the historical films Carlota Joaquina, a princesa do Brazil (Carta Camurati, 1995) and Independência ou Morte (Cartos Coimbra, 1972). The aim of this work is to understand how these movies represent the History of Brazil. This analysis tried to observe the following aspect: the cinematographic language; the making process emphasing the preoccupation, or its lack, regarding the "historical reconstitution" of the movies and the realization of its historical researches; the dialog established between these movies and their sources; also, how they built up the historical meaning though images and, at last, the reception of the critics
Mestrado
Mestre em História
29
Desmeules, Francis. "Analyse post-mortem de cerveaux de patients parkinsoniens après 11 et 12 ans de stimulation cérébrale profonde du noyau sous-thalamique". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70366.
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La maladie de Parkinson (MP) est une maladie neurodégénérative affectant environ 1% des gens de plus de 60 ans. Le diagnostic de la maladie est clinique et repose sur l’observation des symptômes classiques tels que les tremblements de repos, la bradykinésie et la rigidité musculaire. Depuis maintenant près de 30 ans, les cliniciens peuvent profiter d’une alternative pour traiter les symptômes moteurs de la MP lorsque la médication est jugée inefficace ou ses effets secondaires trop handicapants pour le patient : la stimulation cérébrale profonde (SCP). Cette chirurgie repose sur l’insertion d’électrodes dans des noyaux profonds du cerveau, souvent les noyaux sous-thalamiques (NST), en s’appuyant sur la stéréotaxie pour établir l’emplacement optimal. Ces électrodes sont par la suite connectées à un stimulateur qui permet d’induire un courant électrique à haute fréquence dans la zone cible, selon des paramètres établis par le neurologue. Ce traitement non curatif permet d’améliorer la qualité de vie des patients et de diminuer les doses d’analogues dopaminergiques administrés tout en réduisant les effets secondaires qui y sont associés. L’objectif de la présente étude est d’identifier les changements cliniques, morphologiques et neurochimiques induits par la SCP chronique du NST. Ainsi, nous analyserons de façon détaillée les cerveaux de patients parkinsoniens ayant subi une SCP pendant 11 et 12 ans- deux des plus longues durées de stimulation répertoriées dans la littérature - afin de mieux comprendre les changements induits par une exposition chronique aux champs électriques. Le but ultime de notre travail est de corréler certaines de ces modifications anatomiques et neurochimiques aux différents impacts cliniques de la thérapie. Différentes suggestions seront faites concernant les mécanismes physiologiques de la SCP. Une meilleure compréhension du fonctionnement de cette méthode thérapeutique permettra de mieux cibler d'autres structures nerveuses impliquées dans différentes pathologies neurologiques, psychiatriques ou cognitives.Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting approximately 1% of people above 65 years old. Diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation, the patients typically presenting a combination of resting tremor, bradykinesia and muscular rigidity, sometimes accompanied by postural instability. For almost 30 years now, clinicians have been able totake advantage of an alternative therapy to alleviate PD motor symptoms when the medication is deemed ineffective or its side effects impair significatively the patient’s condition. This therapeutic approach is called deep brain stimulation (DBS). The surgery implies the permanent insertion of electrodes into deep nuclei of the brain, usually the subthalamic nucleus (STN), relying on stereotaxic landmarks to establish the optimal target. Electrodes are subsequently connected to a stimulator to induce a high frequency electric current locally, according to parameters established by the neurologist. This non-curative therapy improves patient’s quality of life and reduces the doses of dopaminergic analogues administered along with their side effects. The objective of this study is to identify the clinical,morphological and neurochemical changes induced by chronic STN-DBS. This case series will therefore focus on a detailed analysis of the brain of two PD patients who underwent DBS for 11 and 12 years, two of the longest stimulation durations ever reported in detail in the literature, in order to better understand the long-term changes induced by chronic exposure to electric fields. The ultimate goal is to correlate some of the anatomical and neurochemical changes to the clinical outcomes of the therapy. Various mechanisms will be proposed to improve the global understanding of deep brain stimulation to be able, in thelong-term, to target other brain structures in order to treat other neurological, psychiatric or cognitive disorders.
30
Leprettre, Stéphane. "Incidence de facteurs peri-mortem sur les qualités technologiques et organoleptiques des foies gras d'oies : étude des défauts de couleur". Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT002A.
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Cinq essais ont ete realises pour etudier l'incidence de l'electronarcose, et son interaction avec le jeune, sur la presence de residus sanguins et les defauts de coloration des foies gras d'oies. L'application d'une electronarcose, quelle que soit l'intensite du courant (30, 50 ou 70 ma) et le temps d'application (2, 5 ou 13 secondes), ralentit la vitesse de saignee par rapport aux oies non electronarcosees. Elle est susceptible d'induire des defauts de couleur sur les foies crus sans que l'on puisse noter une degradation significative de leur presentation. Une electronarcose de faible duree (2 a 5 secondes) et un courant d'une intensite de 50 ma paraissent a retenir afin d'obtenir une saignee abondante et une bonne presentation des foies gras. L'allongement du delai entre le dernier gavage et l'abattage des oies, de 9 heures a 18 heures, entraine une perte de poids des foies. Elle resulte essentiellement d'une utilisation des glucides hepatiques et d'une diminution des quantites d'eau et de proteines. La quantite de lipides reste equivalente mais le profil des acides gras est modifie. Le rendement de sterilisation des foies diminue avec l'allongement du jeune et les caracteristiques sensorielles des foies gras sont modifiees. Les mecanismes conduisant a l'obtention de foies gris apres sterilisation ne paraissent pas etre les memes selon la duree de jeune pratiquee. Apres un jeune de 9 heures, les foies gris sont principalement observes avec les plus petits foies d'un lot de gavage. Ils sont issus d'oies presentant une moins bonne adaptation au gavage et ils ont des teneurs plus elevees en elements glucidiques et en fer heminique. Cette difference de composition pourrait favoriser la formation de melanoides en plus grand nombre. Pour un jeune de 18 heures, l'ecart de poids, entre foies gris et foies normaux, s'estompe. Il n'y a pas de difference de composition biochimique entre les deux types de foies lorsqu'une duree d'electronarcose de 20 secondes est pratiquee. La cause de la couleur grise est inexpliquee. Par contre, avec une electronarcose de courte duree (4 secondes) et une intensite comprise entre 28 et 64 ma, on observe plus de fer heminique dans les foies gris, ce qui conforte l'hypothese d'une saignee insuffisante pour ces oies.
31
Murgatroyd, Jennifer Leigh. "Ancient mortar production in Ostia, Italy : builders and their choices". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:358de9ea-d89b-4053-84c7-0fdc29340bb2.
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The main objective of the research discussed in this thesis was to evaluate the methods and materials used by builders in ancient Ostia to produce mortar for masonry structures. The work was conducted with an eye toward understanding why the ancient builders selected specific materials and employed specific techniques. The research design included scientific investigations of mortar samples from selected structures in Ostia, all dated from brick stamp evidence to the 2nd century CE. The methods employed for this study included thin section petrography, modal analysis via point counting, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and image analysis. Results concluded the samples comprised lime binder and primarily volcanic tuff aggregates derived from the Colli Albani and Monti Sabatini volcanic districts. The selection of these aggregates was integral to mortar performance, as they contained alteration products that would have facilitated pozzolanic reactions during the production phase, greatly improving long term mortar performance and durability. Three distinct types of mortar representing unique mix designs were identified based on the material properties of the mortar samples and the dominant aggregate types. Unique mixes may have been proprietary to specific groups of builders in Ostia, which had been identified by other researchers comparing the architectural features and construction styles of various structures. The results of material analyses showed that the builders from 2nd century Ostia were highly skilled, used sophisticated techniques to produce high quality mortar, and that separate groups of builders employed unique mix designs to achieve similar results.
32
Silva, Filho Edgard Belle da. "A discursividade contemporânea sobre a morte". Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2007. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2228.
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Previous issue date: 2007-12-17In a French perspective of the discourse analysis, our work brings a study about the reason given to contemporaneous discourse shape about death having as base the interdiscipline idea and the articulation polyphonic of the linguistics with social historical aspects. The wide consequence of this shape is the basis to the study of the production circunstances about the enunciation and connection of this perspective in the present day. We can still distinguish the possibilities of the institutional statement in the production with their respectives space and historical clashes, interpersonal and individual ( conscious and unconscious ) in which they are crystallized.
Situado dentro de uma perspectiva francesa de análise do discurso, nosso trabalho traz um estudo da discursiva contemporânea sobre a Morte, tendo base a idéia interdisciplinar e polifônica de articulação do lingüístico com aspectos sócio-históricos. O resultado polissêmico dessa formatação lança bases para o estudo das condições de produção do enunciado e das relações nelas existentes na contemporaneidade. Destacamos ainda, no decorrer de todo o nosso texto, as possibilidades de quadros institucionais presentes na produção com seus respectivos espaços e embates históricos, interpessoais e individuais (conscientes e inconscientes) em que estão cristalizados.
33
Sardinha, Luiz Antonio da Costa. "Analise retrospectiva da aplicação do doppler transcraniano no diagnostico de morte encefalica em potenciais doadores de orgãos". [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312008.
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Orientadores: Sebastião Araujo, Venancio Pereira Dantas FilhoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Justificativa e Objetivo. No Brasil, o diagnóstico clínico de morte encefálica (ME) requer pelo menos um exame subsidiário para sua confirmação, e o Doppler transcraniano (DTC) tem sido aceito para documentar a parada circulatória cerebral (PCC). Assim, o principal objetivo do presente estudo é relatar nossa experiência com o uso do DTC na confirmação de ME. Método. Análise retrospectiva dos exames de DTC realizados entre janeiro/2001 e dezembro/2005 em 152 potenciais doadores de órgãos notificados à Organização de Procura de Órgãos do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. O diagnóstico clínico de ME foi feito de acordo com o protocolo do Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM). A artéria carótida interna (ACI) e as circulações arteriais cerebrais anteriores e posteriores foram examinadas. O achado de certos padrões específicos de alterações no DTC, conforme descritos em literatura, foram considerados para a confirmação de PCC. Resultados. Em 150 pacientes o DTC foi compatível com PCC no 1º exame. Em dois pacientes, o DTC mostrou fluxo sangüíneo cerebral residual, e um 2º exame realizado 12 horas mais tarde permaneceu ainda inconclusivo para a confirmação de PCC. Ambos foram descartados como doadores de órgãos, falecendo dentro de 48 horas. Conclusão. O DTC mostrou-se um excelente teste subsidiário para a confirmação do diagnóstico clínico de ME. O baixo custo e a portabilidade do equipamento, permitindo a realização do exame à beira do leito, têm permitido uma maior agilização e efetividade na procura e captação de órgãos para transplantes em nosso meio.
Abstract: Background and Objective. In Brazil, clinical diagnosis of brain death (BD) requires at least one ancillary test for its confirmation, and transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) has been accepted for determination of cerebral circulation arrest (CCA). The main objective of the present study is to report our experience with TCD to confirm BD in potential organ donors. Methods. Retrospective evaluation of TCD performed between January/2001 and December/2005 in 152 potential organ donors notified to an Organ Procurement Organization (OPO) at Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil. Clinical determination of BD was done according to the protocol approved by the Brazilian Federal Council of Medicine. Internal carotid arteries and bilateral anterior and posterior cerebral circulation were insonated. The presence of specific TCD flow patterns, as previously described in medical literature, were considered for CCA confirmation. Results. In 150 patients TCD was compatible with CCA at the 1st examination. In two patients, TCD has shown residual cerebral blood flow. A 2nd examination was performed 12 hours later, remaining yet inconclusive for confirmation of CCA. Both patients were discarded as organ donors and had been died in 48 hours. Conclusion. TCD examination has shown to be an excellent ancillary test for BD confirmation. In our experience, equipment low cost and portability, allied to the possibility of bedside examination, avoiding patient transportation, has allowed a more agile and effective organ procurement for transplantation in our region.
Mestrado
Mestre em Cirurgia
34
Dubois, Albertine. "Exploitation conjointe d'informations anatomiques et fonctionnelles tridimensionnelles pour l'imagerie cérébrale post mortem chez le rongeur". Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112022.
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L'émergence de systèmes d'imagerie anatomique (IRM) et fonctionnelle (microTEP) haute résolution pour le Rongeur rend aujourd'hui possible la réalisation d'études in vivo et répétées sur le même animal, comme par exemple le suivi longitudinal de la consommation de glucose cérébral. Cependant, ces systèmes souffrent encore de limitations technologiques telles qu'une sensibilité et une résolution spatiale limitées. Dans ce contexte, l'autoradiographie et l'histologie restent aujourd'hui les techniques de référence les plus largement utilisées pour les _études sur le petit animal en biologie. L'inconvénient majeur de ces techniques d'imagerie post mortem est qu'elles nécessitent la coupe des cerveaux, entraînant la production de centaines de coupes par animal ainsi que la perte de toute cohérence tridimensionnelle (3D). La reconstruction d'un volume biologique en 3D à partir de coupes d'autoradiographie ou d'histologie doit permettre d'améliorer notablement l'exploitation de cette information post mortem et ainsi d'ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives en termes d'analyse de données. Après avoir mis en place des systèmes d'acquisition entièrement automatisés des données (coupes 2D et photographies du plan de coupe), nous avons développé différentes stratégies de reconstruction 3D. Nous avons ainsi envisagé aussi bien la mise en correspondance anatomo-fonctionnelle que la prise en compte de l'information fournie par les photos (cohérence 3D intrinsèque au bloc photographique). Ces travaux, indispensables pour la reconstruction 3D, ont ensuite permis d'évaluer différentes méthodes d'analyse des données fonctionnelles de la plus simple et la plus opérateur-dépendante (tracé de régions d'intérêt) à la plus automatique (analyse statistique de groupes de type Statistical Parametric Mapping). Deux applications biologiques ont été étudiées : stimulation visuelle chez le rat et métabolisme chez un modèle de souris transgéniques Alzheimer. Une perspective de ce travail est le couplage en 3D des informations obtenues post mortem et acquises in vivo à une échelle macroscopiqueThe recent development of dedicated small animal anatomical (MRI) and functional (microPET) scanners has opened up the possibility of performing repeated functional in vivo studies in the same animal as the longitudinal follow-up of cerebral glucose metabolism. However, these systems still suffer technical limitations including a limited sensitivity and a reduced spatial resolution. Hence, autoradiography and histological studies remain the reference and widely used techniques for biological studies in small animals. The major disadvantage of these post mortem imaging techniques is that they require brain tissue sectioning, entailing the production of large numbers (up to several hundreds) of serial sections and the inherent loss of three-dimensional (3D) spatial consistency. The first step towards improving the analysis of this post mortem information was the development of reliable, automated procedures for the 3D reconstruction of the whole brain sections. We first developed an optimized data acquisition from large numbers of post mortem data (2D sections and blockface photographs). Then, we proposed different strategies of 3D reconstruction of the corresponding volumes. We also addressed the histological to autoradiographic sections and to blockface photographs co-registration problem (the photographic volume is intrinsically spatially consistent). These developments were essential for the 3D reconstruction but also enabled the evaluation of different methods of functional data analysis, from the most straightforward (manual delineation of regionsof- interest) to the most automated (Statistical Parametric Mapping-like approaches for group analysis). Two biological applications were carried out : visual stimulation in rats and cerebral metabolism in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. One perspective of this work is to match reconstructed post mortem data with in vivo images of the same animal
35
Kerner, Jennifer. "Manipulations post-mortem du corps humain : implications archéologiques et anthropologiques". Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100073.
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La mort d'autrui est une épreuve que les communautés humaines ont dû apprendre à surmonter dès les premiers temps de l'Humanité. Ce travail est une exploration des différentes réponses proposées par l'homme face au problème de la perte de l'autre à travers les gestes effectués sur le corps mort, depuis les soins thanatopraxiques jusqu'aux funérailles en plusieurs temps ou la création de reliques.La manipulation post-mortem des corps fournit régulièrement à l'archéologue des “dépôts secondaires” ou des dépôts primaires ayant subi des manipulations anthropiques post-dépositionnelles. Ces dépôts impliquent une gestion complexe et planifiée du processus funéraire et, en général, des gestes / pratiques / cérémonies en plusieurs épisodes. Cette thèse propose un éclaircissement des concepts et de la nomenclature liés à ces dépôts spécifiques. Une analyse transchronologique et transculturelle d’études de cas archéologiques et ethnologiques nous permet d'éclairer ces phénomènes mortuaires complexes dans leur dimension anthropologiqueHuman remains resulting from sophisticated mortuary treatments represent a preferred information source about the organization of societies and about the belief systems of ancient people. Thereby, on the archaeological field, secondary deposits, sacred artefacts made of humain bones or dismembered burials emerge as precious raw material in order to reconstruct gestures, practices and finally the symbolic discourse built around those dead who are selected to become particular protective entities, perhaps Ancestors. This work includes the study of double-funerals ceremonies and manipulations of human bones in funerary or ritual contexts but also complicated pre-funerals treatments (exposure, dismemberment, mummification) in a transcultural and transchronological perspective. Human remains and spacial data from archaeological contexts have been analyzed using bioanthropological and traceological approach in order to reconstruct complex mortuary operating sequences. An ethnoarcheological study on multiple-steps funerals has been led in order to interpret archaeological remains
36
Cisbani, Giulia. "Cell replacement therapy for Huntington's disease : what we have learned from post-mortem analyses of grafted patients and mice models". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25302.
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La maladie d’Huntington (HD) est un désordre neurodégénératif autosomal dominant qui se manifeste suite à une mutation du gène huntingtin. La maladie est caractérisée par une panoplie de signes cliniques qui incluent des problèmes psychiatriques, cognitifs ainsi que des incapacités motrices, en grande partie des mouvements choréiformes. D’un point vue neuropathologique, les cerveaux des patients touchés par la maladie présentent une atrophie majeure du cortex et du striatum où des pertes cellulaires massives sont observées. Il n’existe aucune cure ni traitements efficaces pour cette maladie, et pour ces raisons, plusieurs efforts sont actuellement déployés afin de développer de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques telle, entre autre, la transplantation cellulaire. Ma thèse de Doctorat a donc porté, en grande partie, sur l’analyse de cerveaux de patients huntingtoniens recrutés pour l’essai clinique de l’University of South Florida. Ces patients, décédés entre 9 et 12 ans post-transplantation, ont reçus des greffes de tissu dérivé de l’éminence ganglionic latérale de fœtus humains âgés entre 8 et 9 semaines post-conception. Des travaux antérieurs menés dans le laboratoire du Dre Ciccheti ont montré que la survie des greffes est compromise à long terme chez ces patients. L’objectif de mon projet était de mieux comprendre les mécanismes responsables de la survie suboptimale des greffes. Nous avons donc formulé l’hypothèse que 1) la faible vascularisation des greffes, 2) la méthode de transplantation (des morceaux de tissu entier vs. des cellules mécaniquement dissociées) ainsi que 3) la présence de la protéine huntingtin mutée (mHtt) au sein du tissu greffé pouvaient contribuer à la dégénérescence des greffes. En effet, nous avons observé que les éléments de l’unité neurovasculaire étaient largement absents au sein des greffes. Les greffes présentaient une plus faible densité de capillaires et l’absence de larges vaisseaux sanguins, comparativement au cerveau hôte. Nous avons de plus observé un nombre réduit d’astrocytes au sein des greffes et une interaction limitée de ces cellules avec les vaisseaux sanguins, suggérant une défaillance des éléments de la barrière hémato-encéphalique. L’absence d’astrocytes était accompagnée par une carence de la sous-unité connexin 43 des gap junctions, importante pour les interactions greffe-hôte. Nous avons ensuite démontré que lorsque des cellules dissociées étaient transplantées dans le striatum de souris YAC128, un modèle murin de la maladie d’Huntington, la survie de la greffe était excellente et ni la vascularisation ou ni l’interaction entre les astrocytes et les vaisseaux était altérée. Finalement, nous avons fait l’extraordinaire découverte d’agrégats de la mHtt au sein du tissu greffé. Nous avons observé ces agrégats exclusivement dans la matrice extracellulaire de la greffe dans les tissus humains tandis qu’ils étaient présents au sein des neurones, de leurs dendrites, de la lame basale des vaisseaux sanguins et de la matrice extracellulaire dans le cerveau du patient. Dans son ensemble, cette thèse met en lumière de nouveaux mécanismes pouvant contribuer à la faible survie des greffes chez les patients souffrant de HD à long-terme. Ces résultats seront fort utiles afin d’améliorer cette approche thérapeutique et aideront à une meilleure compréhension des processus pathologiques de la maladie d’Huntington.Huntington’s disease (HD) is a devastating autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder which manifests because of a mutation in the huntingtin gene. It is characterized by a variety of clinical signs which include psychiatric and cognitive problems as well as motor disabilities, in large part choreiform movements. Neuropathologically, the brains of patients afflicted with this disease present with a major atrophy of the cortex and striatum where massive cell losses are observed. To this day, cures remain unavailable and for this reason, an enormous amount of energy has been put into the development of experimental approaches, and for example into embryonic neuronal cell transplantation, which aims to replace lost cells. A few clinical trials have thus been initiated to evaluate whether such methodologies would be beneficial to patients. My PhD thesis focused, in large part, on the analysis of a number of brains from patients recruited for the University of South Florida trial and who eventually came to autopsy. These patients (4 analyzed post-mortem) received solid pieces of fetal striatal tissue and died between 9 and 12 years post-transplantation. Previous work carried out in Dr. Cicchetti’s laboratory has shown that graft survival is compromised in these patients long-term. The aim of my project was to further understand the mechanisms underlying this suboptimal graft survival. We hypothesized that 1) poor vascularization of the graft, 2) the method of transplantation (solid tissue vs. suspension cells) and 3) the potential presence of mutant huntingtin (mHtt) within the grafted tissue may all contribute to graft demise. Indeed, elements of the neurovascular unit were largely absent within the solid grafts. Grafts presented a lower density of capillaries and absence of large blood vessels compared to the host brain. Moreover, we observed a reduced number of astrocytes within the grafts and a limited interaction of these cells with blood vessels, suggesting impairment in blood brain barrier elements. The absence of astrocytes was accompanied by the lack of the gap junction subunit connexin 43, important for graft-host integration. Interestingly, when dissociated cells were transplanted in the striatum of YAC128 mice, a murine model of HD graft survival was excellent and neither the graft vascularization nor the interaction between astrocytes and vessels was altered. Finally, we describe for the first time the presence of mHtt inclusions within the grafted tissue. In the HD transplanted cases, aggregates were detected only in the extracellular matrix of the graft while in the host brain they co-localized with neurons or other cellular elements, such as the basal lamina of blood vessels. Taken together, this thesis sheds new light onto potential mechanisms contributing to poor long-term graft survival in HD patients. These results will help improve such therapies as well as to better understand disease process in HD.
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Cruvinel, Monica Vasconcellos. "Rastros virtuais de uma morte (a)enunciada : uma analise dos discursos do suicidio pelas paginas "brasileiras" do Orkut". [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270937.
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Orientadores: Maria Bernadete Marques Abaurre, Neury Jose BotegaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: O Orkut configura-se como um espaço público de impermanências, onde a intimidade passa a ter visibilidade através dos relatos dos sujeitos. Narrar, sabendo-se vigiado, traz implícito um jogo de ¿revelar¿ e ¿esconder¿ que, de alguma forma, regula e constitui as relações sociais deste espaço virtual. Ao narrativizar suas experiências, os sujeitos vão produzindo discursos que além das suas, trazem vozes de outros. É um entrecruzar de memórias, de onde cada um seleciona e organiza, no tempo e no espaço, a hiper-textualidade de sua escritura. É possível ¿caminhar¿ por esta ¿Cidade Azul¿ e identificar rituais da contemporaneidade que começam a se fixar em nossa sociedade: novas maneiras de dizer a morte, novos modos de experimentar o luto e novas formas de trazer para a esfera do público o que, por muito tempo, ficou na esfera do privado. Nesta pesquisa, procuro compreender a maneira como os adolescentes, usuários do Orkut, estão lidando com a vida e com a morte, com a contraditória solidão que emerge em meio a um emaranhado de relações virtuais, capaz de aproximar algumas distâncias e de aprofundar outras. Analiso os discursos de jovens brasileiros que se suicidaram e que deixaram pelos espaços públicos do Orkut os rastros virtuais de uma morte (a)enunciada
Abstract: Orkut consists of a public place of discontinuities, where intimacy is unveiled through the subjects¿ narratives. To narrate knowing that one is being watched enacts a game of ¿displaying¿ and ¿hiding¿ which, somehow, rules and constitutes the social relations of such virtual place. When narrating their experiences, the subjects enact discourses that, beyond their own voices, bring the voices of the others. There is an entanglement of memories, from where one selects and organizes, on time and space, the hiper-textuality of one¿s own writing. It is possible to ¿walk¿ along such ¿Blue City¿ and to identify the rituals of contemporaneity which have started to settle into our society: new ways of narrating death, new ways of experimenting mourning, and new ways of rendering public that which, for a long time, had been confined to the private domain. In the present research, I attempt to understand how teenagers, users of Orkut, are dealing with life and death, with the ambivalent loneliness that springs from a set of virtual relations which might shorten some distances and make rifts between others. I analyze discourses of Brazilian youngsters who committed suicide and left, along the public spaces of Orkut, the virtual traces of a foretold, uttered death
Mestrado
Linguistica
Mestre em Linguística
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Ottogalli, François-Gaël. "Observations et analyses quantitatives multi-niveaux d'applications à objets réparties". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004697.
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Les moyens de traitement de l'information auxquels nous avons accès sont de plus en plus puissants, de plus en plus répartis. Des modèles de programmation, tels que la multiprogrammation légère ou la programmation par objets, leur sont appliqués afin de juguler l'accroissement de la complexité qui en découle. Mais qu'apportent ces modèles ? La mise en oeuvre de ces modèles permet-elle d'employer au "mieux" les ressources disponibles ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous nous plaçons dans une démarche de type "évaluation de performances". La problématique porte sur la reconstruction post-mortem, à partir de mesures, de la dynamique d'une exécution afin de réaliser une analyse qualitative et quantitative des ressources d'exécution consommées. L'hypothèse posée est que l'analyse des interactions entre objets, effectuée à différents niveaux d'abstraction, procure les informations suffisantes à nos études. Pour cela, nous réalisons des observations au niveau applicatif el système et cela sans modification du code exécutable original de l'application ou du noyau du système d'exploitation. Une infrastructure d'observation multi-niveaux a été réalisée dans le cadre d'applications Java réparties. Elle a été appliquée à l'étude d'un serveur multimédia Java. Une analyse de l'algorithmique et des consommations de ressources systèmes a été menée. Pour cela, les observations du niveau applicatif sont effectuées au travers de la JVMPI. Le coût moyen d'observation est de 3µs par point de mesure. Celles du niveau système sont obtenues par insertion à chaud d'un module dans un noyau Linux. De cette façon, les appels systèmes attachés aux écritures et aux lectures dans une "socket" sont déroutés. II nous est ainsi possible de reconstruire les interactions distantes entre objets Java et d'obtenir des indices de consommation des ressources systèmes. Le coût moyen d'observation est ici de 2µs par point de mesure.
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Alpes, Morten J. [Verfasser]. "Höhere Gewalt im Verjährungsrecht : Eine Analyse des Begriffs der höheren Gewalt und seiner Verwendung unter besonderer Betrachtung der Entschuldigung von Fristversäumungen / Morten J. Alpes". Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1163024791/34.
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Neuberger, Ferdinand M. [Verfasser], i Gisela [Akademischer Betreuer] Grupe. "Serielle Analyse stabiler Isotope an Haarkeratin zur post mortem Rekonstruktion von Lebenslaufparametern in forensisch relevanten Fällen von Unterernährung / Ferdinand M. Neuberger. Betreuer: Gisela Grupe". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1038152429/34.
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Maya, Luciana Grucci. "Confiabilidade do Diabetes Mellitus referido como causa morte: analise comparativa da mortalidade segundo metodo de causas multiplas, Niteroi (RJ), 1993 e 2000". Rio de Janeiro : [s.n.], 2003. http://teses.cict.fiocruz.br/pdf/mayalgm.pdf.
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Alvim, Fatima Cerqueira. "Analise da influencia das fontes de carbono na patogenicidade do Moniliophthora perniciosa pathogenicity em Theobroma cacao". [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317154.
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Orientadores: Michel Georges Albert Vincentz, Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães PereiraTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Bologia
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Resumo: O fungo basidiomiceto hemibiotrófico Moniliophthora perniciosa, agente causal da doença vassoura-de-bruxa (VB) em Theobroma cacao, é o principal patógeno da lavoura cacaueira nas Américas e no Caribe. O presente trabalho apresentou como objetivo primordial identificar proteínas relacionadas com a patogenicidade deste fungo. No primeiro capítulo desta tese foi demonstrado o efeito de diferentes fontes de carbono sobre a morfologia e fisiologia do M, perniciosa. O fungo foi crescido em fontes de carbono fermentáveis e/ou não-fermentáveís. Foram observadas diferenças significativas na morfologia do micélio que se correlacionaram com a fonte de carbono utilizada. Foram observadas também diferenças qualitativas e quantitativas marcantes para as proteínas secretadas (secretoma) pelo micélio. O ensaio biológico efetuado em folhas de Nicotiana tabacum revelou que a capacidade do secretoma em induzir necrose nos tecidos vegetais também diferia em função da fonte de carbono utilizada pelo fungo durante o seu crescimento. O glicerol, como fonte única de carbono, foi identificado como o composto que mais induziu a atividade necrótica do secretoma do patógeno. O nível do chaperone molecular BiP (Binding Protein) em meristema de cacau aumentou em resposta à infiltração do secretoma de M. perniciosa, indicando uma resposta fisiológica do hospedeiro às proteínas secretadas in vitro pelo patógeno. Foi sugerido então que o metabolismo energético de M. perniciosa, dependendo das fontes de carbono aplicadas, resulta em alterações fisiológicas na expressão e secreção de proteínas e que esses efeitos atuam, não apenas afetando o crescimento do fungo, mas também, na capacidade de expressar proteínas de patogenicidade. No segundo capítulo investigamos mais detalhadamente as modificações induzidas por glicerol em M. perniciosa. Inicialmente demonstramos que glicerol induz a secreção de proteínas relacionadas com indução de morte celular especificamente no M. perniciosa dicariótico, tipo celular característico da fase necrotrófica do patógeno. O secretoma induzido por glicerol foi o único capaz de induzir necrose em meristemas de cacau do genótipo resistente a M. perniciosa. Simultaneamente, o glicerol induziu alterações na composição/estrutura da parede celular do micélio tomando-a mais resistente a agentes indutores de estresse em parede celular, como o SDS e vermelho congo. Adicionalmente, o micélio apresentou maior nível de transcritos de catalases, indicando uma maior resistência a estresse oxidativo. Análises em géis bi-dimensionais e fracionamento das amostras em HPLC de alta capacidade, ligados a espectrometria de massas, resultaram na identificação de proteínas secretadas que acumularam especificamente em resposta ao glicerol. Proteases e lipases, enzimas hidrolíticas relacionadas com a patogenicidade em outros fungos hemibiotrdfícos, também apresentaram aumento de atividade em resposta a glicerol. Essas alterações correlacionaram com um aumento no nível de transcritos do gene Rholp-gef, um elemento chave da rota RHOlp GTPase, a qual sabidamente está relacionada a virulência de fungos fitopatogênicos. Análises conduzidas com isolados de M. perniciosa, que apresentaram diferentes graus de patogenicidade em ensaios conduzidos em casa de vegetação, demonstraram que a sensibilidade a glicerol é maior nos genótipos mais patogênicos. Esse estudo ressalta a importância do glicerol como uma molécula chave na interação cacau: M. perniciosa. tipo celular característico da fase necrotrófica do patógeno. O secretoma induzido por glicerol foi o único capaz de induzir necrose em meristemas de cacau do genótipo resistente aM perniciosa. Simultaneamente, o glicerol induziu alterações na composição/estrutura da parede celular do micélio tomando-a mais resistente a agentes indutores de estresse em parede celular, como o SDS e vermelho congo. Adicionalmente, o micélio apresentou maior nível de transcritos de catalases, indicando uma maior resistência a estresse oxidativo. Análises em géis bi-dimensionais e fracionamento das amostras em HPLC de alta capacidade, ligados a espectrometria de massas, resultaram na identificação de proteínas secretadas que acumularam especificamente em resposta ao glicerol. Proteases e lipases, enzimas hidrolíticas relacionadas com a patogenicidade em outros fungos hemibiotróficos, também apresentaram aumento de atividade em resposta a glicerol. Essas alterações correlacionaram com um aumento no nível de transcritos do gene Rholp-gef, um elemento chave da rota RHOlp GTPase, a qual sabidamente está relacionada a virulência de fungos fltopatogênicos. Análises conduzidas com isolados de M. perniciosa, que apresentaram diferentes graus de patogenicidade em ensaios conduzidos em casa de vegetação, demonstraram que a sensibilidade a glicerol é maior nos genótipos mais patogênicos. Esse estudo ressalta a importância do glicerol como uma molécula chave na interação cacau: M. perniciosa
Abstract: The basidiomycete hemibiotrophic fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa, the causal agent of witches' broom disease in Theobroma cacao, is the major cacao disease pathogen present in the Americas and the Caribbean. A compatible interaction of this fungus with its host comprehends a series of concerted biochemical and molecular events. In the first chapter of the thesis, we performed analyses where quantitative and qualitative relationships were found between secreted proteins and their activity, and the hyphal morphology of Moniliophthora perniciosa. This fungus was grown on fermentable and non-fermentable carbon sources; significant differences in mycelial morphology were observed and correlated with the carbon source. A biological assay performed with Nicotiana tabacum leaves revealed that the necrosis-related activity of extracellular fungal proteins also differed with carbon source. There were clear differences in the type and quantity of the secreted proteins. In addition, the expression of the cacao molecular chaperone BiP (HSP 70) increased after treatment with secreted proteins, suggesting a physiological response to the fungus secretome. We suggest that the carbon source-dependent energy metabolism of M. perniciosa results in physiological alterations in protein expression and secretion; these may affect not only M. perniciosa growth, but also its ability to express pathogenicity proteins. In the second chapter, we showed that glycerol efficiently triggers the production of secreted pathogenicity proteins by M. perniciosa, as revealed by the increased ability of the secreted proteins (secretome) in promoting cell death on Nicotiana benthamiana cell suspensions, N. tabacum leaves and meristems of a resistant cacao genotype, when compared to other carbon sources such as glucose. Simultaneously, glycerol induces cell wall modifications turning hyphae more resistant to inducers of cell wall stress and increasing the resistance of the fungus to oxidative stress. These modifications correlated with the up-regulation of RhoJp-gef, a key element of the RHOlp GTPase pathway that is known to be related to fungal virulence in plants. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and high throughput HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry resulted in the identification of secreted proteins that specifically accumulated in response to glycerol. This study highlights the importance of glycerol as a key molecule modulating the fungus-induced pathogenicity
Doutorado
Genetica de Microorganismos
Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular
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Andrade, Maria de Fátima Carmo Costa de. "Significados sobre a doença, morte e perdão em mulheres com cancro da mama". Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4913.
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Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Psicologia, ramo de Psicologia Clínica e da SaúdeEstar perante um diagnóstico de cancro implica uma vivência de grande sofrimento, ansiedade, incapacidade, medo da morte, que são vividos não apenas pelo doente oncológico mas também por toda a família. Neste sentido, o presente estudo teve como objectivo perceber os significados sobre a doença, morte e perdão em mulheres com cancro da mama e ainda quais as concepções relativamente ao futuro após um diagnóstico de cancro. A metodologia do presente trabalho foi desenvolvida numa abordagem qualitativa, através da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas de um grupo de oito mulheres com diagnóstico de cancro da mama. As histórias pessoais foram depois analisadas utilizando a Grounded Analysis para obter uma compreensão holística e aprofundada do significado que os indivíduos atribuem à sua experiência vivencial (Fonte, 2006). Dos resultados deste estudo, podemos concluir, que um diagnóstico de cancro da mama tem um impacto associado a sentimentos de medo, incapacidade, dependência e morte. Para enfrentar o cancro, a mulher procura construir um novo significado sobre conceitos como o perdão, doença, sonhos para o futuro, tentando encontrar uma redefinição dos papéis que lhe são atribuídos e procurando ter um novo olhar sobre o significado da vida. Os resultados dão indicadores relevantes aos profissionais de saúde. Sugere-se compreensão nas mudanças e reformulação de significados que ocorrem no doente oncológico, quer ao nível pessoal provocados pela doença e seus tratamentos, quer ao nível familiar e social, e intervenção no alívio do confronto com o sofrimento e a morte. Being confronted with a breast cancer diagnosis implies going through great suffering, anxiety, feelings of impotence and fear of death which imply not only the cancer patient but also the entire family. Hence, the following study aimed to understand the meanings behind this disease, death and forgiveness amongst women with breast cancer and also to bring light into the conception concerning the future when faced with a cancer diagnosis. The current study’s methodology has been developed on a qualitative basis, carrying out the eight semi-structured interviews amongst a group of eight women who have gone through a breast cancer diagnosis. The personal stories were then analised by using a Grounded Analysis in order to obtain a holistic and deep understanding of the meaning individuals give to their experiences (Fonte, 2006). The results of this study have led to the conclusion that a breast cancer diagnosis has an associated impact derived from feelings of fear, incapacity, dependence and death. In order to face cancer, the woman tries to build a new meaning about concepts such as forgiveness, disease, dreams about the future, trying to find a redefinition fo the roles that are attributed to her and trying to find a new outlook towards life. The results give relevant indicators for health professionals. It is suggested to understand the changes and reassessment of meanings that the cancer patient goes through, both at a personal level due to the disease itself and consequent treatments, and at a family and social level. The health professional is required to intervene in the relief of the consequences of being confronted with suffering and death.
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Vanalli, Marilani Soares. "A consciência estratégica das vozes narrativas em "Ensaio sobre a Cegueira" de José Saramago e "A morte e a morte de Quincas Berro Dágua" de Jorge Amado /". Assis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/190851.
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Orientador: Rubens Pereira dos SantosBanca: Marcio Roberto Pereira
Banca: Rosane Gazolla Alves Feitosa
Banca: Igor Rossoni
Banca: Sérgio Henrique Rocha Batista
Resumo: Esta tese se apresenta com os olhos centrados na VOZ, e, para tanto, explorar-se-á pela análise do discurso, as estratégias praticadas por este elemento em duas instâncias narrativas, que são: "A morte e a morte de Quincas Berro D'Água", de Jorge Amado, e, "Ensaio sobre a Cegueira", de José Saramago. Se é o discurso dessa realidade narrativa que está em jogo, o plano da história, isto é, a organização funcional e sequencial do texto, será posto à parte assim como, portanto, qualquer observação quanto ao sentido diegético dos elementos que compõem essa organização; é a narrativa enquanto discurso e não a narrativa enquanto história, que está aqui em causa. Os problemas da narrativa podem ser organizados através dos da análise do discurso narrativo, segundo categorias tomadas da gramática do verbo, e que se reduzirão a três classes fundamentais: as que estão ligadas às relações temporais entre narrativa e diegese, sob a categoria do tempo; as que estão ligadas às modalidades (formas e graus) de representação narrativa, logo aos modos da narrativa, e por último as que estão ligadas à forma pela qual se encontra implicada na narrativa a própria narração no sentido de instância narrativa, e, com ela, seus dois protagonistas: o narrador e seu destinatário real ou virtual. O tempo e o modo funcionam ambos ao nível das relações entre história e narrativa, enquanto a Voz designa, simultaneamente, as relações entre narração e narrativa e entre narração e história. Sendo Genette, um dos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This research is presented with the eyes centered on the VOICE, and, therefore, it will be explored by the discourse analysis, the strategies practiced by this element in two narrative instances, that are: "The death and the death of Quincas Berro D 'Água', by Jorge Amado, and 'Blindness Essay', by José Saramago. If it is the discourse of this narrative reality that is at stake, the plane of history, that is, the functional and sequential organization of the text, will be set aside as well as, therefore, any observation as to the diegetic meaning of the elements that compose this organization; It is narrative as discourse rather than narrative as history that is at stake here. Narrative problems can be organized through those of narrative discourse analysis, according to categories taken from the grammar of the verb, which will be reduced to three fundamental classes: those that are linked to the temporal relations between narrative and diegese, under the category of time; those that are linked to the modalities (forms and degrees) of narrative representation, then to the modes of narrative, and finally those that are linked to the way in which narrative itself is implicated in narrative in the sense of narrative instance, and with it, its two protagonists: the narrator and its real or virtual recipient. Time and mode both function at the level of the relations between history and narrative, while the Voice simultaneously designates the relations between narration and... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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He, Huan. "Analyse de l'effet d'un adjuvant biosourcé pour élaborer des matériaux cimentaires plus éco-respectueux". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAD023.
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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet SEPOLBE qui a pour ambition d’élaborer des adjuvants respectueux de l’environnement qui doivent se substituer à des produits soumis à autorisation REACH. Elle a pour but de mettre en évidence les propriétés de mortiers enrichis d’un adjuvant fabriqué à partir de produits extracellulaires issus de bactéries selon un protocole original. Ce travail consiste en l’étude des caractéristiques de mortiers bioadjuvantés dans le but de développer l’usage de bétons plus éco‐respectueux en améliorant leurs compositions chimiques et leur durabilité. L’action du produit biologique utilisé a été évaluée aussi bien sur sa capacité à modifier le réseau poreux des mortiers et pâtes cimentaires que sur ses effets sur la prise du ciment, la rhéologie à l’état frais et les caractéristiques mécaniques à l’état durci des mortiers permettant ainsi de qualifier ce produit comme bioadjuvant. Il a présenté un effet notable sur l’ouvrabilité de mortiers (de CEM I ou CEM V) avec une action plastifiante. De plus, quel que soit le temps de cure, un optimum de concentration en bioadjuvant de 1,5% a été déterminé pour obtenir des résistances mécaniques dumême ordre de grandeur que les échantillons non adjuvantés, et supérieures au minimum requis par la norme EN 196‐1. Le bioadjuvant n’influence pas la porosité totale accessible à l’eau des mortiers et des pâtes de ciment, toutefois, pour ces dernières, les mesures par porosimétrie par injection de mercure ont révélé l’existence d’un seuil (entre 0,5 et 0,75% de bioadjuvant) à partir duquel la structure poreuse des pâtes cimentaires est modifiée. Les effets de modification de surface de pâtes cimentaires – le liant du béton pouvant constituer un maillon faible en ce qui concerne les problèmes de durabilité de celui‐ci – ont été analysés. Pour des temps de cure élevés, la rugosité des surfaces des pâtes cimentaires diminue en présence du bioadjuvant. Ce travail a permis de lever des verrous techniques concernant l’emploi d’un produit biosourcé en tant qu’adjuvant, ainsi que d’apporter une contribution à la connaissance des interactions entre les micro‐organismes et les matériaux cimentaires. En effet, une approche originale, grâce à la PCR – technique peu utilisée avec les matériaux cimentaires – a permis de mettre en évidence qu’il y avait des bactéries au coeur du béton ayant une capacité à se développer dans des conditions de cures normalisés pour des temps de cure supérieurs à 120 jours. Le bioadjuvant est susceptible de modifier le développement bactérien et présente ainsi la possibilité de conférer aux bétons des capacités de résistances aux agressions environnementales plus importantes lui permettant d’être plus éco‐respectueux, aussi bien par sa composition que par sa meilleure durabilitéThis work is a part of the SEPOLBE project, which aims to develop eco‐friendly admixtures. The active principle of this admixture is made of extra‐cellular substances, secreted by microorganisms into their surroundings. It contributes to the effort in sustainable development that consists to limit the impact of buildings on environment and human health, with a guarantee of better quality concerning esthetical, durability and resistance criteria, according to the REACH regulation. The action of thisorganic product was evaluated on its setting time effects on cement as well as the mechanical behavior to the hardened state. The bioadmixture presents a significant effect on the workability of mortar (CEM I or CEM V) with a plasticizing action. Whatever the curing time, the compressive strength values of samples containing 1.5% of bioadmixture remain higher than the minimum data of standard strength according to the EN 196‐1 standard. The porosimetry by intrusion with mercury carried out with cement pastes showed the existence of a threshold (in the range 0.5‐0.75% of bioadmixture) from which the porous structure of cement pastes changes, while no modification were observed with the measurement of porosity accessible to water. For higher curing times, thesurface roughness of cement pastes, more heterogeneous, decreases with the presence of the bioadmixture. This work allowed to better control the use of a bio‐product assimilated as an admixture, as well as to contribute to the knowledge of the interactions between microorganisms and cementitious materials. An original approach, using the PCR ‐ not routinely used technique forthat purpose with cementitious materials ‐ helped to highlight that bacteria were present inside the mortar samples with a capacity to grow to higher curing time. The studied bioadmixture allows giving to the concrete the ability to resist against environmental stresses while being eco‐friendly, concerning both its chemical composition and its durability
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Krantz, Karl Johan. "Cross-Platform Post-Mortem Analysis in a Distributed Continuous Integration System". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-122912.
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This thesis aims to improve the cross-platform reliability of software components tested on distributed CI systems. More specifically, it is centered on extracting crash information from cross-platform crashes. Crash information was generated and parsed on Mac, Linux and Windows. The crash information proved to be valuable for developers in their day-to-day job, especially the raw crash information. However, the graph visualizations that were created out of this information proved to be less than satisfactory for developers.
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Keough, Natalie. "Skeletal changes after post-mortem exposure to fire as an indicator of decomposition stage". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40277.
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Forensic anthropologists and taphonomists are often tasked with interpreting the
sequence of events from death through decomposition to skeletonisation. Discovery of burnt
bone often evokes questions as to the condition of the body prior to the burn event. The
purpose of this study was to evaluate features of thermal damage on bones in relationship to
the condition of the bone (dry/wet) and progression of decomposition. Twenty-five pigs in
various stages of decomposition (fresh, early, advanced, early & late skeletonisation) were
exposed to fire for 30 minutes. The skeletal elements were scored and features included:
colour change (unaltered, charred, calcined), brown and heat borders, heat lines, delineation,
greasy bone, joint shielding, predictable and minimal cracking, delamination and heatinduced
fractures. Colour changes were scored according to a ranked percentage scale (0 – 3)
and the remaining traits as absent or present (0/1). Cohen’s Kappa statistics evaluated intraand
interobserver error. Density plots and frequency distributions were constructed and
multiple regression (categorical variables) and transition analysis were employed. The
majority (8) of the 13 traits displayed potential to predict decomposition stage from burned
remains. An increase in calcined and charred bone occurred synchronously with an
advancement in decomposition. The organic composition of bone and presence of flesh affect
the characteristics features of burned bone. Greasy bone occurred most often in the
early/fresh stages (fleshed bone). Heat borders, heat lines, delineation, joint shielding,
predictable and minimal cracking were associated with wet tissue/bone; whereas brown
burn/borders, delamination and other heat-induced fractures were associated with early and
late skeletonisation. No statistically significant differences were noted among observers for
the majority of the traits except for predictable and minimal cracking and heat-induced
fractures in the cranium. Heat-induced changes may assist in estimating decomposition stage
from unknown, burnt remains and thereby aid in a providing an indication as to the condition
of the bone prior to the burn event.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Anatomy
unrestricted
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SIMONI, Edi. "ANALISI DELLA MORTE CELLULARE INDOTTA DAL CISPLATINO E STUDIO DI EVENTUALI SOSTANZE PROTETTIVE SU MODELLI IN VITRO". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2388673.
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Cisplatin (cis-DDP) is a chemotherapy agent that is used as a
treatment for several types of cancer. Unfortunately it could injure several
areas of the cochlea, including outer hair cells in the Organ of Corti, the spiral ganglion and the stria vascularis. Cis-DDP has been shown to
induce auditory sensory cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. The
mechanisms appear to involve the production of reactive oxygen species
(ROS) and depletion of antioxidant enzymes which can trigger cell death.
Approaches to chemoprevention include the administration of
antioxidants to protect against ROS. The Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761 o
Ginkgoselect®) is known to have antioxidant proprieties with a free
radicals scavenging effect, and protecting cells against apoptosis. It has
been used for otoprotection study only in vivo model, with positive effects.
One of the goal of this study was that to verify the protective effects of
ginkgoselect on a mouse inner ear cell line (OC-k3). Our data showed that
Ginkgo biloba extract protects against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
The calcium ion (Ca2+) regulates hair and neuronal cells function in
the inner ear. It’s involved in the mechanical signal transduction, and
release of neurotransmitters. Changes in its intracellular concentration
determines the cell’s fate. It’s a second messenger that regulates the
activation of proteins involved in apoptosis. Calcium channel antagonist
drugs was studied as another mechanism to protect cells from cisplatin
ototoxicity. Flunarizine is a calcium blocker drug, currently used to treat
diseases of the inner ear, such as vertigo. There are very few data on
flunarizine protective effect against cisplatin damages. The PC12 cell (rat
pheochromocytoma cell line) within several days of NGF exposure,
differentiate in sym-pathetic neurons, it’s therefore always used as a
neuronal model. In this thesis we have been evaluated the cisplatin toxicity
on these cells, undifferentiated and differentiated, and the ability of
flunarizina to protect cells, in order to conduct a basic survey focused on
the mechanism of both drugs. In sum, flunarizina is a good protector
against the cisplatin toxicity, it’s able to preventing apoptosis by acting on
expression of proteins involved in programmed cell death (14-3-3β, protein kinase C and GAPDH). Present results are of great interest to conduct
further investigations on spiral ganglion primary neurons cultures.
Key words: inner ear, OC-k3, PC12, cisplatin, Ginkgo biloba,
flunarizine, apoptosis.
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Melo, Aurélio Fabrício Torres de. "O que \"dizem\" os filmes sobre a morte? - ensaios de análise fílmica". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47131/tde-08102013-150427/.
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Têm sido muitas as formas como o homem ocidental encara a morte desde a idade média: evento natural da vida, destino certo do homem, castigo de Deus, glamour exclusivo dos jovens amantes, fracasso da medicina, descarte de mercadoria. Assim como na história do homem, a história do cinema também retratou as diferentes formas do homem encarar a morte. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar, no discurso fílmico, o que dizem os filmes sobre a morte, formas contemporâneas de encarar a morte. O método de pesquisa consistiu na análise dos filmes Mar Adentro (Alejandro Amenabar), O Quarto do Filho (Nanni Moretti) e O Sétimo Selo (Ingmar Bergman), sob dois aspectos: a análise dos elementos fílmicos fotografia, iluminação, câmera, figurino, cenário, maquiagem, roteiro, montagem, personagens; a análise do filme como narrativa, identificando a fábula, os temas e o discurso. As análises fílmicas revelaram um discurso intimista da morte. A morte foi retratada como experiência íntima e singular. De acordo com a literatura tanatológica, a morte como experiência subjetiva é uma das formas atuais de encarar a morte nas sociedades ocidentais. O fenômeno da intimização da morte também se apresenta no discurso fílmico de algumas obras cinematográficas, confirmando uma mentalidade histórico-cultural do homemThere have been many ways of the western man face the death since the middle Ages: natural event of life; inevitable fate; God punishment; exclusive glamour of young lovers; medicine failure, discard material. In the history of cinema as well as in the human history face death is also portrayed in different ways. The purpose of this study was identifying in the film discourse what the films says about this event and the contemporary ways to face it. The method of the research consists in analyze the films; The Sea Inside (Alejandro Amenabar), The Son´s Room (Nanni Moretti), The Seventh Seal (Ingmar Bergman) in two aspects: analysis of the film elements like cinematography, lighting, camera, costumes designer, scenery, makeup, script, editing, characters; and the film analysis like a narrative, identifying the fable, the themes and the discourses. This analyses show an intimate narrative of death which was portrayed like a unique experience. According to the thanatological literature, death as subjective experience is one of the current ways of facing death in Western societies. The phenomenon of death in an intimate perspective also appears in the film discourse of some cinematographic works, confirming a historical-cultural mentality of humanity
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Alves, Luana Seles. "Áreas de risco de mortes por tuberculose em Londrina/Paraná: uma abordagem geoepidemiológica". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-03072018-163408/.
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Introdução: A tuberculose (TB) é uma doença milenar que permanece como um grave problema de saúde pública, faz parte do ranking mundial das dez principais causas de morte no mundo. Objetivo: Identificar aglomerados espaciais de risco de mortes por tuberculose em Londrina/PR. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico cujas unidades foram setores censitários urbanos de Londrina/PR definidos pelo Censo Demográfico de 2010, do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). A população do estudo foi composta dos casos de óbito por TB como causam básica e associada, registrados no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) no período de 2008 a 2015. A análise exploratória das variáveis sociodemográficas e clínico-epidemiológicas do SIM ocorreu por meio da estatística descritiva dos parâmetros quantitativos, sendo calculadas as frequências absolutas e relativas para as variáveis no software Statistica versão 12.0. O georreferenciamento dos endereços foi processado no software TerraView versão 4.2.2. Posteriormente, realizou-se a análise de área calculando-se as taxas brutas e bayesianas empíricas globais anuais de mortalidade. A dependência espacial da mortalidade por TB foi verificada pelo Índice de Moran Global (I). Utilizou-se a ferramenta Incremental Spatial Autocorrelation (ISA) para definir o raio de influência do estimador de intensidade Kernel, tais análises foram realizadas no software ArcGIS versão 10.5. Para detecção dos aglomerados espaciais foi aplicada a técnica Estatística de Varredura Espacial Tradicional e na versão Isotônica, a qual traz como novidade a visualização gradativa do Risco Relativo Espacial (RRE) no interior do aglomerado através dos Steps in Risk Function, utilizou-se o software SaTScan(TM) versão 9.4. Em todos os testes estatísticos foi fixado o nível de significância em 5% (p< 0,05). Resultados: Identificou-se 61 óbitos por TB, destes 40 (65,6%) eram causa básica e 21 (34,4%) causa associada. Observou-se que 27 casos (44,3%) apresentavam idade entre 40 e 59 anos; 49 (80,3%) eram homens, 39 (63,9%) da cor branca, 20 (32,8%) com ensino médio, 32 (52,4 %) apresentaram forma clínica pulmonar e 54 (88,5%) ocorreram em ambiente hospitalar. As maiores taxas bayesianas foram identificadas nos bairros, Alpes (2,5 por 100.000 hab./ano), Vila Recreio (2,6 por 100.000 hab./ano)e Aeroporto (2,7 por 100.000 hab./ano). A dependência espacial demonstrou-se baixa e positiva (I = 0,014 e p = 0,004), porém com alto z-score (2,83) nos aglomerados. O estimador de intensidade Kernel identificou as regiões Norte, Centro e Leste como sendo áreas quentes para a mortalidade por TB, assim como na Estatística de Varredura Espacial Tradicional e Isotônica. A versão tradicional identificou um aglomerado espacial de risco para 10% da população exposta com RRE =4,9 (IC95% 2,6-9,4), para 30% RRE=3,2 (IC95% 2,15,7) e para 50% RRE=3,2 (IC95% 2,1-5,7), na versão Isotônica encontrou-se para 10% da população expostas com RRE=2,8 (IC95% 1,5-5,1), para 30% RRE=2,7 (IC95% 1,6- 4,4) e para 50% RRE=2,2 (IC95% 1,4-3,9). Conclusão: A identificação do gradiente do RRE nas populações expostas, certamente, servirá como um indutor de mudanças em termos da melhoria do acesso aos serviços de saúde no intuito de promover ambientes saudáveisBackground: Tuberculosis (TB) is a millenial disease that remains a serious public health problem and is one of the world\'s top ten causes of death. Aim: Identify spatial clusters of risk for occurrence of tuberculosis mortality in Londrina/PR. Methods: This is an ecological study whose units of analysis were urban census sectors of Londrina/PR defined by the Demographic Census of 2010, of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The study\'s population was composed by deaths due to TB as a basic and associated cause, registered in the Mortality Information System (MIS) from 2008 to 2015. The exploratory analysis of the sociodemographic and clinical-epidemiological variables of the MIS occurred by means of the descriptive statistics of the quantitative parameters and calculated the absolute and relative frequencies for all the variables, using the Statistica (version 12.0) software. The geo-referencing technique of the cases was performed using the Terraview (version4.2.2) software. Subsequently, was calculate the TB mortality rate, it was smoothed by Empirical Bayes Method. Autocorrelation of TB mortality was analyzed by Moran Global Index (I). The Incremental Spatial Autocorrelation (ISA) tool was used to define the radius of influence of the Kernel estimator, such analyzes were performed in ArcGIS software version 10.5. For the detection of the spatial clusters we used the Standard Spatial Scan Statistics (SS) and Isotonic version (ISSS), which provides, as a novelty, the gradual visualization of the Spatial Relative Risk (SRR) inside the cluster through the Steps in Risk Function, these techniques were applied in SaTScan (TM) software version 9.4. It was defined level of significance at 5% as statistically significant (p <0.05) for all statistical tests. Results: We identified 61 deaths due to TB, of which 40 (65.6%) were per basic cause and 21 (34.4%) were associated causes. It was observed that 27 cases (44.3%) were aged between 40 and 59 years; 49 (80.3%) male, 39 (63.9%) white, 20 (32.8%) high school students, 32 (52.4%) had a pulmonary clinical form and 54 (88.5%) occurred in a hospital. The highest Bayesian rates were identified in the neighborhoods, Alpes (2.5 per 100,000 inhabitants/year), Vila Recreio (2.6 per 100,000 inhabitants/year) and Aeroporto (2.7 per 100,000 inhabitants/year). Spatial autocorrelation was low and positive (I = 0.014 and p = 0.004), but with a high z-score (2.83) in the clusters. The Kernel estimator identified the North, Center and East regions as hotspot areas for TB mortality, as well as in the Standard and Isotonic Space Scan Statistics. For the SS, spatial risk clusters were identified for 10% of the exposed population with SRR=4.9 (95%CI 2.6-9.4), for 30% SRR=3.2 (95%CI 2.1-5.7) and for 50% SRR=3.2 (95%CI 2.1-5.7), while for the ISSS spatial risk clusters were identified for 10% of the exposed population with SRR=2.8 (95%CI 1.5-5.1), for 30% SRR=2.7 (95%CI 1.6-4.4) and for 50% SRR=2.2 (95%CI 1.4-3.9). Conclusion: Identifying the RRE gradient in exposed populations, will certainly serve as an inducer of changes in terms of improving access to health services in order to promote healthy environments