Książki na temat „Mortier – Additifs”

This chapter presents further terminologies unique to the Pathways Project book and website, and furthermore discusses options for how the contents of both media can be read. For both modes of presentation, the chapter introduces an extended version of web-speak to describe words, pathways, and other phenomena across the three agoras. Thus oral words will be oWords, electronic pathways will be ePathways, textual agoraphobia will be tAgoraphobia, and so forth. In addition, this chapter provides overviews of the Pathways Project wiki and homepage, as well as that of the succeeding chapters of this book. Finally, it discusses the limitations of the book—the “brick-and-mortar” aspect of the Pathways Project—as well as a few additional reminders for proper navigation of the tAgora.

Chapter 5 explores the codification of antiquarian writing in Spain in its original form as expressed by Ambrosio de Morales in Las Antigüedades de las ciudades de España (1575), and particularly it considers the consequences of the inclusion of Córdoba Mosque and Madinat al-Zahra in this commentary. The terms of the description and Morales’ use of antiquarian tools are analyzed. In addition, the chapter deals with the interesting methodological debate Morales’ writings gave rise (Pedro Díaz de Ribas, Gregorio López Madera, Alonso Morgado, among others) to around the use of antiquarian tools in formal historical research of Islamic monuments: literary sources, epigraphy, and archaeological analyses of the materials and building techniques (stones, bricks, and mortar). Finally, the chapter deals with the conflictive relationship between the narratives on the Islamic antiquities of Spain, the antiquarian vocabulary and the classical canon.

Transplantation medicine is one of the most ethically and legally controversial areas of medicine. In Germany, its legal basis is contained in the Transplantation Act, which has been strongly criticised in various respects. For years, law and politics have discussed how the number of donor organs can be increased. Within the framework of post-mortem organ donation, an opt-out system has been under consideration for some time, which is intended to replace the opt-in system currently in force in Germany. Due to the proposed legislation, a lively discussion is to be expected in the German Bundestag from autumn 2019 on. The publication offers an interdisciplinary outlook on the future of transplantation medicine, also beyond national borders, to Austria. In particular, the opt-out system will be analysed from a medical, constitutional, medical-ethical, moral-theological and health-sociological point of view. In addition, the publication contains contributions from the practice of the German Foundation for Organ Transplantation (DSO) and from Eurotransplant. With contributions by Prof. Dr. Matthias Anthuber und Dr. Florian Sommer, Prof. Dr. Erwin Bernat, Prof. Dr. Heiner Fangerau, Prof. Dr. Friedhelm Hufen, Prof. Dr. Alexandra Manzei, Dr. Axel Rahmel, Prof. Dr. Kerstin Schlögl-Flierl, Prof. Dr. Ulrich Schroth, Serge Vogelaar, MD

Cystic echinococcosis (CE)\cystic hydatid disease is one of the most widespread and important global helminth zoonoses. The parasite Echinococcus granulosus is maintained in a wide spectrum of intermediate hosts, including sheep, goats, camels, cattle, pigs and equines. A number of wild intermediate hosts occur, including cervids in the northern part of the North American continent and Eurasia, marsupials in Australia and wild herbivores in East and southern Africa. The application of a range of molecular techniques to the characterization of the parasite has confirmed the existence of mostly host-adapted strains and genotypes of the parasite and several new species have been proposed. The ubiquitous domestic dog serves as the most important definitive host for the transmission of the parasite throughout its wide geographical range.A wide range of diagnostic techniques, including necropsy, arecoline purgation, coproantigen ELISA and DNA based tests are available for detecting E. granulosus infection in the definitive host. In intermediate animal hosts, diagnosis at post mortem still remains the most reliable option. In humans, imaging techniques including ultrasound, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or computer aided tomography (CAT-scan provide not only a method of diagnosis but also reveal important clinical information on the location, condition, number and size of the hydatid cysts in man. Of these ultrasound is the most widely used diagnostic technique and is the only imaging technique for screening of populations in rural areas, where the disease is most common. A classification system has been developed which can be used to assess the likely development of a cyst and hence guide the clinician in treatment options for the patient. Treatment relies on surgery and/or percutaneous interventions, especially ‘Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, Re-aspiration’ (PAIR) and/or antiparasitic treatment with albendazole (and alternatively mebendazole).CE is largely a preventable disease. Successful elimination programmes have focused on frequent periodic treatments of dogs with anthelmintics and the control of slaughter of domestic livestock. In many regions elimination or even control remains a problem as the parasite is endemic over vast areas of low income countries where there may be limited resources for control. In some areas, such as former communist administered countries, the parasite is resurgent. New tools are becoming available to control the parasite, including a highly effective vaccine in sheep which prevents the infection in sheep and breaks the transmission cycle. In addition cost effective methods are being developed which may be appropriate in low income countries where financial resources are not available for intensive control programmes that have been successful in high income countries.