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Sadio, Mamadou. "Morphodynamique et aménagement des flèches littorales de la côte du Sénégal". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0539.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is a study of the morphology and morphosedimentary processes that determine the formation, dynamics and evolution of the sand spits characterizing the wave-dominated coast of Senegal. The thesis insists on the singularity of the coast of Senegal, the numerous spits of which provide a contrast with the sandy coasts of West Africa that are characterized by massive beach-ridge complexes. These spits are constructed by longshore drift but little is known of their dynamics, notably sand supply patterns, the way sand is redistributed alongshore, the relationship between these spits and river and tidal flux at the river mouths or lagoon inlets they divert, and the conditions that favour spit breaching, a mechanism that has important implications for coastal management. Using an approach that combines remote sensing, field experiments aimed at acquiring high-resolution topometric and hydrodynamic data, and conceptual models, spits characterized by free drift are distinguished from those with limited elongation, and the mechanisms pertinent to each type and to spit lengthening and recurves are analyzed. These morphodynamic aspects also include a scrutiny of the relationship between these spits and the river mouths they divert, especially that of the Senegal River delta. The spits of the coast of Senegal play an important role in coastal protection and in the management of the river mouths. They are also an essential element in sand drift along this coast. Coastal zone management plans regarding these spits and their associated river mouths need to consider more closely how these spits work and the conditions that can lead to their breaching
Saint-Cast, Frédéric. "Modélisation de la morphodynamique des corps sableux en milieu littoral". Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12462.
Pełny tekst źródłaJeanson, Matthieu. "Morphodynamique du littoral de Mayotte - Des processus au réseau de surveillance". Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00449987.
Pełny tekst źródłaJeanson, Matthieu. "Morphodynamique du littoral de Mayotte : des processus au reseau de surveillance". Littoral, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00449987.
Pełny tekst źródłaMayotte Island is characterised by a vast reef-lagoon complex comprising significant mangrove development. Several field experiments involving hydrodynamic measurements, topographic surveys, and observations were coupled with the analysis of aerial photographs in order to gain a better understanding of the evolution of the reef-lagoon complex and of the morphodynamic interactions. The results highlight a remarkably variable mangrove system subject to progression or stability in the north and east of the island, but exhibiting a clearly regressive pattern along the southern and western shores. The hydrodynamic data acquired during the field experiments clearly bring out the spatial and temporal variations in wave and mean current patterns involved in these differences. These data also throw light on the short-term morphodynamics of the small pocket beaches associated with some of these mangroves. The degree of exposure to waves, and reef structure, notably in terms of width and elevation relative to the tidal frame, have a determining influence on the afore-mentioned variations in mangrove dynamics along the shores of the island, and in the greater vulnerability of the mangrove shores of the south and west of the island, especially in the face of strong impinging development pressures. The extermination of these mangrove systems leads to a reorganisation of the sediment stocks and the emergence of new shoreline morphodynamic patterns. These changes have necessitated the construction of an operational observatory aimed at monitoring the coastal dynamics. This tool is based on a network sourced by the measurements and field observations integrated into a GIS
Michel, Denis. "Evolution morphodynamique d'un littoral sableux situé à l'aval d'une embouchure lagunaire". Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10504.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlmar, Rafael. "Morphodynamique littorale haute fréquence par imagerie vidéo". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13840/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis presents a study on short term (day to month) beach dynamic. Until the emergence of video systems, and despite its major role, this dynamic remained mainly unknown due to the lack of a suited observation technology. The new possibilities allowed by video imagery, comprising high-frequency observation, are revolutionary. In this thesis, a tool is introduced that, from the measure of nearshore hydrodynamics, estimates accurately nearshore topography for a large area (km) and at high frequency (day). This thesis shows that nearshore sand features interact and cannot be studied in isolation. We show that sand features dynamic can be dominantly non-uniform in the longshore direction, even for large waves. This dynamic is crucial because it contributes to cross-shore sand exchanges. For a double-barred beach, more than wave height, tidal range variations drive inner bar dynamic during stormy conditions. Our results suggest that a large part of the beach temporal variability is short term
BOSSER, KARINE. "Evolution morphodynamique du littoral nord martiniquais soumis a l'alea cyclonique l'exemple de grand'riviere". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR1GE04.
Pełny tekst źródłaProcesses generating beach and shoreface evolution on the grand'riviere coast (french west indies) under cyclonic hazard have been analysed at different time scales. Erosion and accretion areas and erosional factors have been established at the scale of 45 years. On two years (1995-1997), field experiments (wave characteristics, longshore current velocity, bathymetric and topographic surveys) have been conducted at different time scales. Sediment budgets have been established and have shown the importance of trade wind intensification episod at the daily scale (-2400 m3 of sediments). During 3 or 4 days of storm, total eroded volume of sediments is about 8400 m3, which represents -42000 m3 at the scale of one dry season. In spite of erosion caused by trade wind intensification episods, sediment budget for a dry season and during two years are nearly balanced (-1100 m3 and +500 m3). Without extreme hurricane, this analysis reveals that the influence of moderate hurricanes on the long-term (2 yr) sediment balance is weak. Numerical simulation have been carried out to organize climatic events into a hierarchy based on intensity. At the scale of the climatic event, a trade wind intensification event has an erosive power upper than moderate hurricane. But for extreme events, numerical simulations have shown that hurricanes are the major events responsible of the long term evolution of these microtidal coasts
Stépanian, Alexis. "Evolution morphodynamique d'une plage macrotidale à barres : Omaha beach (Normandie)". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003997.
Pełny tekst źródłaMarie, Guillaume. "L'évolution des formes et de la morphodynamique en domaine littoral volcanique : recherches dans l'archipel d'Hawaï". Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010123.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe recul par genèse de grottes et d'arches est également courant, entraînant une irrégularisation longitudinale du trait de côte avant sa simplification. La formation de gradins par délogement latéral élabore une plate-forme en escalier. Des banquettes d'érosion marine de haute mer, en partie structurales, peuvent aussi être façonnées, mais elles sont rapidement immergées par l'élévation du niveau relatif de la mer consécutive à la subsidence volcano-isostasique. Sur le long terme, les glissements de terrain deviennent plus fréquents sur les grandes falaises plus anciennes.
Les formes de détail se développent également sur ces littoraux ayant subi une plus longue évolution. Lorsque les conditions sont favorables, des formes d'alvéolisation peuvent néanmoins être façonnées rapidement, notamment lorsque la texture plus résistante de la croûte superficielle permet la mise en surplomb. Les processus de météorisation semblent être confinés au niveau des discontinuités de la roche. Leur efficacité différenciée selon la durée d'émersion, notamment celle de l'haloclastie, façonne des plates-formes à rempart externe initiées à partir de banquettes d'origine eustatique.
Marie, Guillaume. "L'évolution des formes et de la morphodynamique en domaine littoral volcanique : recherches dans l'archipel d'Hawai /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41263291m.
Pełny tekst źródłaMarie, Guillaume Lageat Yannick Bodéré Jean-Claude. "L'évolution des formes et de la morphodynamique en domaine littoral volcanique recherches dans l'archipel d'Hawaï /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://tel.ccsd.cnrs.fr/docs/00/04/84/08/PDF/tel-00010123.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaEl, Mrini Abdelmounim. "Evolution morphodynamique et impact des aménagements sur le littoral tétouanais entre Ras Mazari et Fnideq (Maroc Nord occidental)". Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT3002.
Pełny tekst źródłaFerrer, Pierre. "Morphodynamique à multi-échelles du trait de côte (prisme sableux) du golfe du Lion depuis le dernier optimum climatique". Phd thesis, Université de Perpignan, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00532788.
Pełny tekst źródłaSpodar, Alexandra. "Analyse morphodynamique des rechargements sédimentaires sur le littoral du nord de la France : le cas de la façade portuaire de Dunkerque". Thesis, Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0475/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn order to prevent coastal erosion and marine flooding, artificial replenishments using dredged sand have been carried out in front of key coastal structures along the coast of the Grand Port Maritime de Dunkerque (GPMD). The main objective of this study is to analyse the evolution of different types of artificial replenishments along structures of strategic interest of the GPMD : a beach nourishment of 1.5 million m³ (Mm³) in front of the dike called "Digue des Alliés" in the seaside resort of Malo-les-Bains and a subtidal nourishment of 3 Mm³ in front of the "Digue du Ruytingen" in the Western Port. Successive topographic and bathymetric surveys enabled to evaluate the sediment budgets of the nourished zones. Although the sediment budgets are negative in both cases, sans losses are nevertheless moderate compared to other artificial replenishments around the world, particularly for the beach fill in front of the "Digue des Alliés" where sediment volume decreased by 12.3% over three years. Significant erosion has been identified in the western part of the nourishment site, the eroded material being partly redistributed eastward along th beach of Malo-les-Bains under the influence of tidal currents and littoral drift. The subtidal replenishment lost a higher proportion of its initial sediment volume compared to the subaerial beach replenishment. Analysis of hydro-meteorological forcing showed that the morpho-sedimentary evolution of each operation strongly depends on their wave exposition, the subtidal replenishment in front of the "Digue du Ruytingen" being much more exposed to the dominant waves from W than the one in Malo-les-Bains more influenced by waves from NE
Cartier, Adrien. "Évaluation des flux sédimentaires sur le littoral du Nord-Pas de Calais : vers une meilleure compréhension de la morphodynamique des plages macrotidales". Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00821126.
Pełny tekst źródłaRocha, Mariana Vieira Lima Matias da. "Observation et modélisation des ondes infra-gravitaires et des non-linéarités des vagues en milieu littoral". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU043/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWave nonlinearities have long been recognised as being among the main drivers of sediment transport in the coastal zone. However, there are still significant errors in the prediction of this transport associated, partially due to inaccurate predictions of the velocity nonlinearities. The infragravity waves, which coexist with the short waves in the coastal zone, are long-period waves (with 20-200 s) associated to the short-wave groups. Their generation, propagation and dissipation mechanisms are already reasonably well understood, but their influence on sediment transport is still very poorly characterised. In order to (i) improve current predictions of velocity nonlinearities and (ii) investigate the role of infragravity waves in sediment transport, new experiments were carried out both in a fixed-bed wave flume and in a light-weight-sediment wave flume. The physical-modelling data set is used in combination with field data and numerical simulations for studying both subjects. Existing parameterizations of velocity nonlinearities account only for the influence of local wave parameters (e.g. wave height, wave length and water depth), which leads to considerable estimation errors, especially of the maximal values of nonlinearity. This work shows that the velocity nonlinearities depend also on non-local wave parameters: (i) offshore wave steepness, (ii) offshore spectral bandwidth and (iii) beach slope. A new parameterization is proposed, which reduces by about 50% the root-mean-square error relatively to former parameterizations. The experimental results in the light-weight-sediment wave flume demonstrate that wave conditions with the same short-wave energy, but different low-frequency modulation, shape different equilibrium beach profiles. The influence of the infragravity waves on the sediment transport is confirmed and depends on two different mechanisms: (i) advection of the short-wave suspended sediment by the infragravity-waves, which is dependent on the infragravity-wave height and phasing with the short-wave groups and (ii) modulation of short-wave nonlinearities by infragravity-wave motion, both directly and indirectly, through water-depth modulation. Changes in the beachface morphology induced by infragravity waves are connected to beach-profile changes in the surf and inner-shoaling zones, highlighting the existent link between the different zones of the cross-shore beach profile
Niang-Diop, Isabelle. "Erosion côtière sur la petite côte du Sénégal à partir de l'exemple de Rufisque : passé, présent, futur". Angers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ANGE0003.
Pełny tekst źródłaTaaouati, Mohammed. "Morphodynamique des plages et évolution du trait de cote sur le littoral atlantique du Tangerois (Maroc nord occidental) : approches saisonnière et pluridécennale par techniques de la géomatique". Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT3020.
Pełny tekst źródłaBouabdallah, Mostafa. "Le littoral méditerranéen entre l'oued Kiss et le Cap des Trois Fourches (NE du Maroc) : évolution naturelle et impact des aménagements". Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0055.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Eastern Mediterranean coastline of Morocco ranging between Kiss and the Cap of the Three Fourches is stretched along nearly 120 km. This littoral, the object of our study, is characterized by varied morphological units: mouth, bays, lagoon, beaches, sand, tombolo, cliffs (formed and dead). It is a particularly interesting zone for the study and the comprehension of the influence of the natural and anthropic processes and sedimentary dynamics. During the last few years the increase in the industrial activities and the increasing urbanization led to the construction of many works along the coast, leading to modifications in the distribution of the sediments and to a degradation of the natural environment of certain beaches. The sedimentological study coupled with the analysis of aerial photographs (of several missions) made it possible to characterize the various environments of this littoral, to reconstitute the dynamics of the various sedimentary environments and to underline the factors, the hydrological and hydrographic processes which control this Mediterranean coastline. The mineralogical analysis, the study of heavy minerals in particular, provided indications on the origin of the sediments, the nature of the catchment supplier area and made it possible to put two morphosedimentary sectors obvious on both sides of the mouth of Moulouya. The morphodynamic evolution of each one of these two sectors results from the interactions between the natural factors and the impact from the installations carried out on this portion from littoral
Stéphan, Pierre. "Les flèches de galets de Bretagne : morphodynamiques passée, présente et prévisible". Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00355047.
Pełny tekst źródłaSur le long terme, l'évolution des flèches au cours de l'Holocène a été reconstituée à partir d'une analyse stratigraphique des dépôts préservés au sein de trois marais maritimes situés en rade de Brest. En parallèle, les variations holocènes du niveau marin ont été reconstituées afin d'appréhender le rôle des mouvements eustatique dans l'évolution à long terme des flèches de galets. Quatre grandes phases dans les courbes des variations eustatiques peuvent toutefois être identifiées. Ainsi, un stationnement relatif du niveau marin à environ 5 m sous son niveau actuel est enregistré entre 5 500 et 4 800 BP. Cette phase de ralentissement important de la transgression holocène aurait favorisé la mise en place de tourbières au niveau de la ligne de rivage actuelle à la fin de l'Atlantique et au début du Subboréal. Un mouvement transgressif important semble s'opérer entre 4 800 et 3 000 BP, amenant la mer a un niveau proche, quoique légèrement inférieur à l'actuel à la fin du Subboréal. En rade de Brest, cette phase de remontée relativement rapide du niveau marin a vraisemblablement entraîné l'inondation des tourbières littorales ou dulçaquicoles par la mer et leur remplacement par des marais maritimes protégés de l'agitation des vagues par la présence de cordons littoraux. Ces cordons auraient progressivement reculé jusqu'à une position assez voisine de l'actuelle vers 3 000 BP. Ensuite, une petite régression marine se serait traduite par une baisse du niveau marin relatif de 2 à 3 m entre 3 000 et 2 700 BP, entraînant l'abandon temporaire des systèmes littoraux (marais maritimes/cordons littoraux) par la mer. Dans le nord du Finistère, cette régression aurait favorisé l'exondation de vastes surfaces sableuses sur lesquelles la déflation éolienne aurait favorisé la construction des grands massifs dunaires de la région (Guilcher et Hallégouët, 1991). Il convient toutefois de préciser que cet épisode régressif datant de la fin de l'âge du Bronze pose question dans la mesure où il n'est enregistré par aucune courbe construite sur les différentes façades maritimes françaises (Lambeck, 1997, Vella et Provansal, 2000), ni même sur les côtes de Belgique (Denys et Beateman, 1995) ou du sud de l'Angleterre (Long et al., 1999). Cette baisse du niveau marin, ne reposant que sur deux points, pourrait simplement être attribuée à un manque de précision des données (mauvaises datations, erreur de positionnement altitudinal). De toute évidence, il apparaît nécessaire de multiplier les études de cas afin de proposer une courbe beaucoup plus fiable des variations eustatiques holocènes dans le nord-ouest de la Bretagne. A partir de 2 700 BP, le mouvement transgressif reprend à un rythme décroissant jusqu'à nos jours. La mer réinvestit peu à peu les milieux littoraux et édifie, en rade de Brest, les principaux cordons et flèches de galets actuels, qui apparaissent comme de véritables héritages morpho-sédimentaires.
Sur le moyen terme, la mobilité des flèches de galets de Bretagne a été retracée à partir d'un traitement numérique de cartes anciennes et de photographies aériennes. Une tendance au recul des flèches se dessine à l'échelle régionale au cours des trois derniers siècles. Près de 80% des flèches étudiées montrent des signes de cannibalisation, de recul relativement rapide par rollover, d'ouverture de brèches et de démantèlement. Ces évolutions traduisent un contexte d'érosion liée à une sous-alimentation sédimentaire résultant d'apports insuffisants en matériaux grossiers provenant du recul des falaises meubles quaternaires. Les flèches de galets constituent donc actuellement des héritages en cours de dilapidation. Par ailleurs, l'analyse des forçages météo-marins sur la période récente fait apparaître une différence de fonctionnement morphodynamique opposant les flèches de type SAB (swash-aligned barriers) orientées perpendiculairement aux houles incidentes et dont l'évolution récente est fortement contrôlée par les épisodes de submersion marine, et les flèches de type DAB (drift-aligned barrier) alignées dans le sens des vagues incidentes, peu influencées par les événements météo-marins.
Sur le court terme, la mobilité des flèches de galets a été retracée à partir d'un suivi topo-morphologique réalisé entre 2002 et 2008, couplé à une analyse des conditions météo-marines. La mobilité des flèches présente un caractère spasmodique, marquée par des phases de stabilité permettant la consolidation des cordons et de brusques épisodes érosifs liés à l'intervention d'épisodes de submersion marine très morphogènes. Les méthodes d'analyse prévisionnelle utilisées (méthode historique, cartographie de la submersion, modèle de Sallenger (2000)) permettent de prévoir une poursuite du recul de ces édifices sédimentaires et, par endroits, l'exagération des phénomènes d'érosion. Dans ce contexte, se pose la question d'une éventuelle gestion de ces formes d'accumulation puisque ces flèches participent à la protection de marais maritimes à forte valeur écologique. En outre, ces flèches constituent des objets géomorphologiques à forte valeur patrimoniale, comme en témoigne le classement récent du Sillon de Talbert en Espace Remarquable de Bretagne.
Aleman, Nicolas. "Morphodynamique à l'échelle régionale d'une avant-côte microtidale à barres sédimentaires : le cas du Languedoc-Roussillon à l'aide de la technologie LiDAR". Phd thesis, Perpignan, 2013. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00987008.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe sandy coasts are very dynamic environments at all time and space scales. Today, they constitute an area of strategic importance for humanity because of its strong economic and demographic weight. This thesis aims to study the morphodynamics of the shoreface of the Languedoc-Roussillon region (Mediterranean Sea) at a multi-decadal to secular scale. This work is possible by the use of topo-bathymetric airborne LiDAR able to map large areas. The results of this thesis show that there exist a wide variety of beach and bars states. The organization of these states is mainly controlled by sedimentary characteristics, wave conditions and geological context. The sediment budget of the shoreface was studied at secular scale and indicates an overall deficit of more than 26 million m3 of sediment. Sand bar dynamic was analyzed at a multi-decadal scale and shows the presence and involvement of slightly oblique nearshore bars in the process of Net Offshore Migration. Finally, this thesis has also highlighted the strong influence of human activities on the general shoreface behaviour at the regional scale
Feyssat, Pierre. "Modélisation conceptuelle du fonctionnement d'une plage microtidale à barres en festons". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Perpignan, 2023. https://theses-public.univ-perp.fr/2023PERP0021.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe sedimentary bars of the nearshore control the dynamics of the beaches. Understanding the couplingbetween aerial and submerged beaches is essential at a time when entire urban sectors of the Occitanie region are subject to erosion. Thequestion of beach topography thus appears to be a crucial knowledge to anticipate future changes induced by the global rise in mean sea level.The objective of this thesis is to contribute to the comprehension of the aerial beach/submerged beach systems and their interconnections, bylooking at the particular case of the Mediterranean coasts. This thesis is based on the study of a beach with a double crescentic nearshore barsystem: the beach of Leucate. Similar crescentic bar systems are present in the southern part of the Gulf of Lion (between Leucate and Argelès-sur-Mer), i.e. about 40 km of coastline. A first part of the work was dedicated to the morphodynamics of the aerial beach, in particular to itsevent and seasonal dynamics in relation to the atypical forcing of the region on the sites of Leucate and La Franqui (prevailing onshore wind,long periods of fair weather, short and intense storms). A specific part on the Leucate site was then devoted to quantify the wind transportinduced by the onshore wind (Tramontane), so characteristic of the area. The second part of the work concerned the underwater beach ofLeucate and its system of double festoon bars at different time scales (20 years, seasons, events). This work allowed us to identify the controlparameters and the morphological response of this Mediterranean system. This has also led to the study of the establishment and dynamics of athird system of proximal bars intercalated locally between the internal bar and near the coastline, the Low Beach Bars, which have been littlestudied until now. A third part is devoted to the interactions between the aerial beach and the underwater beach through two examples. Thecouplings between the coastline and the bars on the site of Leucate, and the more complex example of the grau of La Franqui in which thesecouplings control the position of the estuary and its dynamics.This work has led to the description of a model of aerial beach evolution on anevent-driven and seasonal scale, which can be applied to the beaches of the southern Gulf of Lion. The work on the underwater beach hasallowed to highlight a diversity of bar typologies (especially for the internal bar), and a dynamic of the double bar system characterized by astability of bars more important than in other environments. Regarding the couplings between these two compartments, we have highlighted theimpact of the couplings between the nearshore bars and the coastline whose morphology evolves according to the couplings
Peron, Christina. "Dynamique littorale et comportement de ponte des tortues marines en Guyane française". Thesis, Littoral, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DUNK0369/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaFrench Guiana coast host, each year, marines turtles nesting. In French Guiana, marine turtles managed with the extreme coastal variability due to the migration of huge mud bank. In this context, nesting beaches could be unattractive if erosion is too intense or if there are silted-up. The instability of this coast could induce the creation of new sandy coastline (cheniers) and so on potential nesting site.The aim of this PhD work was to study the morphodynamics of sandy beaches which are also nesting site for marine turtles and the consequence of mud bank migration on these beaches. In-situ measurements were carried-out on the principal study area, Awala-Yalimapo beach, and permitted to increase our knowledge on the hydro-sedimentary evolution of one of the primary nesting site from daily to multiannual time scale. In the same time, the nesting activity of marine turtles was listed to highlight the use of environmental parameters in the finale selection of the nesting site. Principal environmental clues were the beach configuration, the water level, tidal current and the morphodynamics of the nesting habitat
ElMimouni, Abdelhadi. "Approche expérimentale de suivi de la dynamique morphosédimentaire du littoral d'Essaouira, Maroc : implications pour un aménagement raisonné". Littoral, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DUNK0251.
Pełny tekst źródłaEssaouira beach borders a famous and densely populated bay characterised by a complex and fragile environment that is presently, however, in a state of geomorphic equilibrium. The processes prevailing in the bay, under the triple command of winds, waves, and to a lesser extent, tides, vary considerably in time and space, and could be durably modified in the future under growing human pressures and unreasonable planning. In order to understand the sedimentary morphodynamics of this beach and of the nearshore zone, several field experiments, involving topographic, hydrodynamic and grain-size monitoring, were carried out from 2004 to 2006. The experiments were aimed at highlighting seasonal, intra-annual and monthly patterns of evolution of the beach, especially under the influence of a nearby wadi, the Ksob, which is the main sediment purveyor of the beach. An additional objective of the study was also to monitor variations in the beach sedimentbudget following a major wadi flooding event. The hydrodynamics measurements involved wave and current parameters and were analysed in the light of the marked changes in wind intensity affecting the area. The currents flow dominantly alongshore to the south and southwest north and south of the bay, and exhibit bi-directional flow along the bay beach under both calm and high-energy conditions. The latter bay currents are more pronounced during high-energy conditions. The topographic data highlight longshore and cross-shore variations in beach morphology and their spatio-temporal changes. Essaouira bay comprise a complex beach sediment cell composed of several micro-cells. The Ksob plays an important role in the dynamics of these cells. The dominant winds from the north transport significant quantities of sand to the south in the form of barkhanes that are trapped in the esturary of the Ksob. During river flood events, these sands, as well as fresh inputs brought in by the wadi, are injected in the nearshore zone of Essaouira bay, and are subsequently redistributed onshore, and along the beach by tidal currents ans currents generated by refracted swell. A planned resort construction in the Ksob estuary as well as the projected new Zerrar dam 30 km upstream of the bay could result in serious disequilibrium of the fragile sedimentary system of the bay
Gensac, Erwan. "Dynamique morpho-sédimentaire d’un littoral sous influence amazonienne : Impact des forçages hydrosédimentaires sur la migration des bancs de vase et la mangrove côtière : Le cas de la Guyane française". Thesis, Littoral, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DUNK0332/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this work is to improve the knowledge of the interconnections between hydro-sedimentary processes and Guianese's coastal morphology evolution, formed by the sedimentary Amazon discharge. This subject follows three spatial scales : the Guianese's Coast, the mud bank and the mudflat. Coastal waves damping by mud and migration process have been studied at the Guianese's Coastal scale. This study also gives a structural vision of subtidal part of banks and highlights the various processes and hydrodynamics conditions needed for sedimentary transport, for two bathymetric areas (> 5 m and < 5 m depth). The morphological evolution of Kourou's mud bank and the associated surfaces of coastal mangrove are also analysed. A link between mangrove colonisation, currents and the mudflat topography is highlighted. This relation allows a discussion about predictive aspect of the mud banks colonisation by mangrove. At the mudflat scale, intertidal part is divided in two areas with different sedimentary dynamic processes : sea front and internals zones. The morphologycal structure and the sedimentary processes of internals zones are analysed. An historical reconstitution method of sedimentary supplies is also proposed. This study underlines morphological coastal changes sensitivity to hydro meteorological forcing and interactions between cohesive sediment and swells which seems to lead the morphological coastal evolution
Gensac, Erwan. "Dynamique morpho-sédimentaire d'un littoral sous influence amazonienne : Impact des forçages hydrosédimentaires sur la migration des bancs de vase et la mangrove côtière : Le cas de la Guyane française". Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00799403.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlmar, Rafael Bonneton Philippe. "Morphodynamique littorale haute fréquence par imagerie vidéo". S. l. : S. n, 2009. http://ori-oai.u-bordeaux1.fr/pdf/2009/ALMAR_RAFAEL_2009.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaAubry, Aline. "Processus hydrodynamiques et bilans morpho-sédimentaires d'un littoral macrotidal en accrétion : étude in situ et par télédétection spatiale : application aux Hemmes de Marck, Nord Pas-de-Calais, France". Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00556010.
Pełny tekst źródłaLatapy, Alexa. "Influence des modifications morphologiques de l'avant-côte sur l'hydrodynamisme et l'évolution du littoral des Hauts-de-France depuis le XIXe siècle". Thesis, Littoral, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020DUNK0554.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn coastal environment, interactions between morphodynamic, oceanographic and anthropic processes (acting over different timescales) control coastal systems evolution. This thesis is focused on long-term trends to determine the influence not only of human activities, but also the impact of climate change. Along the Northern coast of France, water level measurements were carried out since the early 19th century and tidal records were stored in the French Hydrographic Service (Shom) archives. At the same time that these measurements were conducted, hydrographic surveys were made for mapping the seabed of the coastal zone where tidal sand banks are common, forming linear shore-parallel or slightly oblique massive sand bodies. To determine long-term trends, digitization and analysis of these historical records were undertaken, enabling to reconstruct past sea-level changes and assess changes in sand bank morphology and position. Analysis of long tidal records suggests significant changes in tidal levels and a strong variability in the main tidal constituents. Moreover, analyses of bathymetry changes shows significant morphological variations across the shoreface since the 19th century, which are largely due to sand bank mobility. Numerical modelling of wave propagation and tidal circulation was performed using the TELEMAC suite of models to relate the observed changes in shoreface and nearshore morphology with possible variations in hydrodynamic processes. Under eroding conditions, an acceleration of tidal currents and an increase in wave height are obtained. Conversely, accumulation leads to an hydrodynamic regime weakening with a decrease in current velocity and to more wave energy dissipation in the nearshore. This study highlights the role of morphological feedbacks between nearshore morphology and coastal hydrodynamics. The identification of these feedbacks mechanisms at a secular time scale is important to assess potential drivers of coastal changes
Mahmoud, Haya. "La côte d’Emeraude : forçages météorologiques et anthropiques sur la morphodynamique littorale". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20055/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis PhD deals with the geomorphologic behavior of the Northern coast of Brittany between the Pointe du Grouin and Cap Frehel. The coastline is comprised of four coastal systems: low coasts (marsh system, and dune system) and rocky coasts (hard rock cliffs, soft rocks cliffs). The dynamics of these systems is controlled by transfers of energy and sediment (from source sites to sink sites). The variation of these transfers in time and space modifies the sedimentary stock and therefore the rate of morphological evolution of the coastline. The dunes / soft cliffs association puit sites and source sites) are especially sensitive to these variations and show many erosion processes and features. Moreover the increase in anthropogenic pressures since the 60s has led to increasing artificial coastal areas. In this context, we trace the recent mobility of the coastline and we try to identify the main types of morphodynamics behavior in the evolution of coastal forms. The analysis is based on the digital processing aerial photography in order to quantify the trends of the evolution. The analysis links the changes with a GIS database describing the factors controlling the evolution of the coastline. Results show that retreat is controlled by accelerated erosion process during storms and by anthropogenic processes. The sediment deficit of some beaches may be related to a shortage of inputs from the soft cliffs. The respective roles of storms and anthropic forcing are highly variable from one site to another and no general rule may be constructed for the entire region
Degryse-Kulkarni, Christine. "Morphodynamique de la zone de swash". Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2057.
Pełny tekst źródłaBouharguane, Afaf. "Analyse, simulation numérique et optimisation de modèles non-locaux en morphodynamique littorale". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20032.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work is motivated by a growing demand for quantitative information on the evolution of the coastline.We have studied two approaches for the analysis of sand morphodynamics.Both techniques lead to the resolution of nonlocal models for the seabottom.The mathematical study focused on the analysis of the existence and uniqueness of perturbations around the travelling-waves solutions of the Fowler model. We have shown that constant solutions of Fowler's equation are unstable.For the numerical simulation of this model, we have first considered explicit finite difference schemes for which we got numerical stability criteria. We have next used an approach by splitting method in order to solve first the convection, then the diffusion/fractional anti-diffusion exactly. We have also used minimization principles to describe the evolution of an erodible bed sheared by a fluid flow where the seabed is considered as a deformable structure with low stiffness whichadapts itself by minimizing a certain energy functional. It is interesting to note that this secondapproach can be linked to the first one because it also leads to a new Exner equation with a nonlocal term for the flux. Inspired by Fowler's morphodynamical model, we conclude this dissertation with an unexpected application to signal processing
Besset, Manon. "Morphodynamique récente, évolution et vulnérabilité des littoraux deltaïques : une analyse globale". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0326/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaRiver deltas are rich and fragile ecosystems. Deltas depend on fluvial sediment supply to balance natural subsidence and erosion caused by waves and currents. Deltas are mainly affected by river flooding, marine submersion. However, deltas are strategic sites of human settlement, economic hotspots, and geopolitical issues. This attraction increases the pressure, rendering these deltas more and more exposed to risks and vulnerable.The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the past and present functional dynamics of delta shorelines based on 60 of the world’s deltas and a holistic and systemic approach with spatial, environmental, and societal data. After the study of recent coastal evolution showing a tendency to decreasing progradation of many deltas, a conceptual and qualitative classification of deltaic morphology based on fluviomarine influences was conducted. Updating of this classification and the proposal of new approaches, in terms of morphology, dynamics, and vulnerability, have necessitated revisiting these older schemes, and the adoption of a methodological and interpretative approach aimed at quantification of the weight of each of these three parameters showing the complexity of the interactions. The thesis proposes a new quantitative and objective classificatory framework, including the human dimension. Finally, the thesis highlights the responses of deltaic shorelines to exceptional perturbations, and highlights the limits of resilience. The thesis advises over the impact of humans on these fragile coastal environments, the equilibrium of which strongly depends on sediment supply. This fragility is further exacerbated by the impacts of climate change
Garnier, Roland. "Modélisation non linéaire d'instabilités morphodynamiques en zone de surf". Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13354.
Pełny tekst źródłaBretel, Patrice. "Processus éoliens et morphodynamique dunaire sur les côtes bas-normandes (France)". Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2012.
Pełny tekst źródłaDe, Melo Apoluceno Daniela. "Morphodynamique des plages à barres en domaine méso à macrotidal : exemple de la plage du Truc Vert, Gironde, France". Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12736.
Pełny tekst źródłaBruneau, Nicolas. "Modélisation morphodynamique des plages sableuses". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13765/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlong many sandy environments as the Aquitanian Coast, waves and wave-induced currents play a key role on the beach morphodynamics. Within a socio-economic (human interventions, natural environment protection) and touristic (human safety) framework, understand the complex dynamics of these systems is a real scienti?c challenge these last decades. The development of an operational morphodynamical modeling platform was performed during this PhD thesis. The modeling strategy consists in coupling the spectral wave model SWAN (Delft Univer- sity of Technology) with the non-linear shallow water model MARS 2DH (Ifremer). The MARS model was initially designed to compute tide- and wind-induced currents. Thus, the wave processes and a sed- imentary unit were implemented inside MARS to compute morphological evolutions of wave-dominated sandy beached. The Biscarrosse-PréECORS ?eld experiment carried out in June 2007 at Biscarrosse Beach was used to validate our modeling platform for a large range of o?shore wave conditions. Results have proved the e?ciency and the robustness of our model to calculate wave-induced currents and circulations over alongshore non-uniformities. The strong tidal modulation of currents and the intense rip currents for low-energy conditions were highlighted. The morphodynamical modeling platform was also used to analyze the generation and the development of rhythmic three-dimensional morphologies for one- and double-barred systems. For double-barred en- vironments, the intense morphological coupling between the inner and outer bar was studied in the response of wave and tide forcing. We have highlighted the in?uence of the tide on the bar growth and showed the correlation between the growth and the wave dissipation over the bar. This thesis has succeeded in the development of a complete model for understanding the dynamics of sandy coastal environments
Dehouck, Aurélie. "Morphodynamique des plages sableuses de la mer d'Iroise (Finistère)". Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00109373.
Pełny tekst źródłaPar l'analyse statistique et volumétrique des séries de profils topographiques, la variabilité morpho-sédimentaire en zone intertidale et la dynamique des corps et figures sableuses est décrite à l'échelle événementielle, saisonnière et pluri-annuelle. Les résultats mettent en évidence une tendance actuelle au recul/progradation du profil sur les plages dominées par une dynamique transversale et à l'inverse, une relative stabilité sur les plages dominées par une dynamique longitudinale. Toutefois, l'observation d'une fermeture du profil autour de - 3 m C.M. associée à des bilans sédimentaires non nuls (neuf mois de suivi sur un site test) soulèvent la question de l'influence du transport longitudinal dans la disponibilité sédimentaire de certaines plages à l'échelle pluri-annuelle.
A une échelle de temps plus courte (du cycle de marée à la semaine), les campagnes de mesures intensives ont permis de caractériser l'agitation en zone intertidale lors de conditions d'énergie variables et d'analyser l'influence de la marée sur la variabilité spatio-temporelle des processus hydrodynamiques. En effet, la transformation des vagues dans les petits fonds est à la fois impliquée dans la spatialisation des courants induits par les vagues (et donc dans l'orientation du transport sédimentaire) et dans la formation des corps sédimentaires (barres de swash, systèmes de croissants de plage) par la génération d'ondes secondaires.
Brunel, Cédric. "Évolution séculaire de l'avant côte de la méditerranée Française, impact de l'élévation du niveau de la mer et des tempêtes". Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00511971.
Pełny tekst źródłaDesguée, Romain. "Etude des processus hydro-sédimentaires et évolutions morphodynamiques autour du Mont-Saint-Michel". Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2073.
Pełny tekst źródłaSubject to constant accretion exacerbated by numerous human installations, the bay of Mont-Saint-Michel, well known for its exceptional tides and famous monastery, is presently largely clogged with sediment. This evolution endangers the insularity of its monument. Salt marshes are inexorably encroaching on Mont-Saint-Michel itself, depriving it a little more each day of direct marine influence. A project aimed at reinstating of the maritime character of Mont-Saint-Michel was thus launched in order to stop the infilling processes, and the present study is committed to this project. A new inventory of marsh colonization and monitoring of the topography of the tidal flats were carried out. A high-resolution study of salt marsh evolution over the last few decades yielded new results on the dynamics of the marsh platform. The study shows that the evolution of the salt marsh surface is not linear in time. Thus, a multi-annual study of the topographic evolution of the area and on waves was conducted. This approach should provide a link between the sedimentary evolution observed over the long term and the processes responsible for accretion during the successive tides. The approach was implemented through a total of twenty field measurement campaigns. The results show the predominant role of waves and local winds on sediment transport on the upper part of the mudflats around Mont-Saint-Michel
Pierre, Ferrer. "Morphodynamique à multi-échelles du trait de côte (prisme sableux) du golfe du Lion depuis le dernier optimum climatique". Perpignan, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00532788v2.
Pełny tekst źródłaProblems in coastal environments are often linked to the position of the shoreline, which has moved for 6000 years. Gulf of Lion (Mediterranean Sea) is an exceptional natural laboratory for morphodynamical studies of the shoreline in microtidal environment, using the existence of coastal lagoons behind the barrier island and subtidal sandbars on the shoreface. Lagoons are environments where the sedimentary infill is well preserved. The sedimentary record can be used for the paleo-reconstruction of the lagoon and of the sandy barrier. The first goal of this work is to characterize the evolution of Thau lagoon and Sète sandy barrier from the sedimentary infill. Using data of seismic reflexion and sedimentary cores, three mains units have been described. The main steps of the lagoon edification have been reconstructed using the analyses and the datation of the sedimentary samples. Coast showing systems with two sandbars have been observed in meso- and macrotidal environments. Their study in microtidal environment is less abundant, that’s why the system of Leucate Beach has been studied since 2000. The second goal of this work is to propose a conceptual modeling based on the morphodynamics of the system, from geophysical and hydrodynamical data. This model is based on morphodynamic observed sequences, it is necessary to create two beach states which can be included in the usual classification. It shows the role of the significant wave height and the incidence of the waves in the morphodynamics of the system
Bertin, Xavier. "Morphodynamique séculaire, modélisation et architecture interne d'un système baie-embouchure tidale : le Pertuis de Maumusson et la Baie de Marennes-Oléron". La Rochelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LAROS140.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis presents the study at different space and time scales of a coastal system including the Marennes-Oléron Bay and its southern inlet, the Pertuis de Maumusson. The historical data anlysis allows to demonstrate and to quantify the secular morphological changes of this area. In particular, its filling in sediment is pointed out. The study of sediment deposits architecture by using V. H. R. Seismic bring elements concerning the evolutions of this coastal system at millenia time-scale. The combination of seismic and historical data allows to propose a time-varying bedrock control of Maumusson Inlet main Channel. The filling in sediment of this tidal inlet is linked to the filling of the Marennnes-Oéron Bay, according to classical long-term morphodynamic mechanisms. This hypothesis is validated by the development of tide numerical simulations for different historical bathymetric settings. The longshore sediment transport at the updrift coast of Maumusson Inlet is estimated by using the combination of fluorescent tracers and numerical simulations. The kilometer-scale evolution of Maumusson Inlet adjacent shorelines is proposed to be related to the location of the inlet main channel and deltas. Finally, this multi-scale study leads to a general conceptuel model for the system functioning, based on secular morphodynamical mecanisms
Sipka, Vincent. "Les plages macrotidales du nord pas de calais contexte environnemental et caracterisation morphodynamique". Littoral, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DUNK0022.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe coast of northern france exhibits wide macrotidal ridge and runnel beaches associated with coastal dunes onshore and numerous sand banks offshore. Hydrodynamic conditions are associated with strong tidal currents and periodic storms in an essentially fetch-limited environment modally dominated by low energy wind waves. Wave and current measurements were carried out in the course of numerous surveys of the morphology, sediments and bedforms of several beaches in order to define the morphodynamics of these ridge and runnel beaches. Profile surveys highlight marked inter-site and intrasite morphological variability, some beach sectors being quite stable while others show marked mobility with little change, however, in profile volume. The beaches may be divided into three zones: a lower beach dominated by longshore tidal current action, and mid- and upper beach zones that reflect wave dominance, even under low wave conditions, and significant cross-shore current activity related to both tides and waves. Field observations show that wave behaviour near breaking conditions is strongly affected by local depth during the vertical tidal excursion. The ridge and runnel morphology also plays an important role in channelling flows of swash bores and tide water. Short-term macro-scale variability probably reflects the influence of variable background conditions (coastal erosion, accretion, tidal range, exposure to storms and tidal currents. . . ). The morphodynamic characterization of these beaches is a preliminary step in understanding cross-shore coastal sediment exchanges as well as longshore sediment cell dynamics
Rihouey, Didier. "Analyse statistique de l’évolution morphodynamique des plages sableuses : Application aux sites d’étude du Programme National d’Environnement Côtier et aux plages d’Anglet". Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU3035.
Pełny tekst źródłaDue to the great societal importance of coastal areas, the understanding and prediction of shore behaviour have gained widespread importance in terms of coastal management and shoreline retreat. This PhD thesis presents (1) the development of a systematic statistical method to study topographic and bathymetric data, and (2) the development of an empirical morphodynamic model to simulate sandy beaches evolution. The topo-bathymetric data-sets from Anglet and the sites of the French national program on the coastal environment (Sète, le Truc Vert et Omaha Beach) are analysed with an established technique for investigating temporal beach level fluctuation : Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF). The limitation and the possibility of EOF techniques are discussed. The results underscore the importance of data sampling regarding to the considered spatial and temporal scales. Then, a statistical study is carried out to determine covariability between waves forcing and profile response at Truc Vert Beach by using a linear approach and Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA). Furthermore, an extension to three dimensions of the CCA model is proposed. This model is validated against the Omaha Beach data-sets. The possibilities and the limitations of this approach are discussed
Maspataud, Aurélie. "Impacts des tempêtes sur la morphodynamique du profil côtier en milieu macrotidal". Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00658671.
Pełny tekst źródłaMahabot, Marie-Myriam. "Suivi morphodynamique des plages récifales de La Réunion en contexte d'observatoire". Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0028/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaLong-term assessment of beach morphodynamic is a great challenge to understand future trajectories of these landforms. In France, in 2012, a national strategy for an integrated management of shoreline has been adopted. This one lead to creation of research labels (SOERE and SNO) which aim to sustain scientific researches dedicated to sandy beach morphodynamic in response to various hydrodynamics forcing. Shoreline monitoring on selected pilot sites is conducted within network where normalized protocols and high quality data are guaranteed at long-term scale. The French coastline also extend in tropical zone through its ultramarine territories. Tropical shoreline are among the most sensitive environment however they remain poorly studied. Since, 2012, Reunion island, a French department in Indian Ocean, integrated the SOERE network. Coral reef and coral beaches which preferentially developed on the western coast are frequently threatened by major swell event associated with tropical cyclones or long period swell. Since now, the beach trend evolution and morphogenic processes have not been quantified. However past monitoring exists which has consisted in topographic measurement along beach profile based on empirical protocols which produced biaised data. Since its integration within SOERE network, DGPS survey are now conducted along the different coral beach compartments of Reunion Island at seasonal and post-storm scale. This study aims to capitalize historical and DGPS beach topographic data in order to quantify long term and post-storm beach response and recovery from Cap Champagne to Trou d'Eau
Michel, Charlotte. "Morphodynamique et transferts sédimentaires au sein d'une baie mégatidale en comblement (Baie de Somme, Manche Est). Stratégie multi-échelles spatio-temporelles". Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES045.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Baie de Somme is an infilling estuarine environment, controlled by intensive marine hydrodynamics forcing (megatidal tide and waves) and a small river flow. Morpho-sedimentary dynamics of this bay and sedimentary fluxes were studied at two spatial and temporal scales. I) At the scale of intertidal hydraulic dunes, studied during semi-diurnal and semi-lunar tidal cycles with neap tides (NT) and spring tides (ST). In this context, a strong forcing variability (winds, tide, waves) control sedimentary fluxes and morphodynamics evolutions of dunes (λ : 5-23 m ; H : 20-60 cm). These fluxes generally increase with tide and waves, inducing a net sediment transport to the east or west, according to the predominance of current (flood/ebb), which depends on the characteristics of wind and waves. Low tide morphology of dunes depends on hydrodynamic conditions and sediment transport : asymmetry eastwards under a threshold water depth of 2,64 to 2,73 m. ; asymmetry westwards above this threshold, during quiet or agitated tide (Hs max < 1,5 m) ; sub-symmetry and flattening dunes during very agitated ST ( Hs max ≥ 1,83 m) ; asymmetry eastwards during a storming ST. Migration of dunes crests is more intense during ST than during NT and is not always in accordance with net sediment transport directions. It is due to significant variations in dunes morphology and polarity. During a semi-lunar tide cycle with waves, net sediment transport and dunes migrations are in direction of internal area of the bay (eastward). II) At the scale of the bay, studied to seasonal, annual and multiannual time steps, infilling dynamics is significant. Superficial sedimentary cover of the bay, observed in 2013, show a filtering gradient of sediment « offshore-coast » and « central axis-shoreline », with internal borders characterized by an increase in muds and carbonates rates between 1980 and 2013. At recent historical scale (1947-2011), orthophotos show a strong progress of coastal barriers (sand dunes at north and pebbles at south) and salt meadow (up to 23,7 m/year). Tidal flat is characterized by large variations in the distribution of sandy bars and dune fields, as well as by strong divagations of tidal channels. Between 2011 and 2013, sedimentary budgets show erosion of south external zones, close to the front delta ebb (low altitude), and deposition in areas located in front of the pointe du Hourdel (mean altitude). At contrary, internal zones of the bay (high altitude) are quite stable, because at the end of infilling or already filled. Very dynamic north external parts still have a low sediment budget to suggest that this sector is in dynamic equilibrium, perhaps as a result of sandy transfers with the coastline. These two spatial and temporal approaches confirm the trend of infilling of the Baie de Somme, under the effect of marine sand transport in the internal areas, during short time steps at the fine scale of dune fields, as during long time steps at the global scale of the bay, and allow to propose appropriate monitoring strategies
Morellato, David. "Dynamique des plages sableuses soumises à l’action des vagues, de la marée et de rechargements artificiels". Brest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BRES2040.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis studies the cross-shore hydrodynamic and hydro-sedimentary processes and related morphodynamics on dissipative sandy beaches, The selected method is based on the determinist numerical modelling which couples the hydrodynamic model FUNWAVE, based on the fully linear equations of Wei et al. , with two different sediment transport models and a module of morphological evolution. The first transport model, 1 DH, consists in including the method of calculation of near-bottom velocity proposed by Lynett and the sedimentary transport formula of Bailard. The second transport model, pseudo-2DV, is a series of vertical turbulence-closure models expressed in sigma-coordinated. The two versions are validated by experiments in laboratory (SmaIl Wave Tank in the fiat channel cf the LEGI in Grenoble and Delta Flume Large Wave Tank of Delft Hydraulics in The Netherlands) and in situ on the Pentrez beach in the bay of Douarnenez. The waves propagation and the vertical structure of velocities and suspended sediment concentrations are mainly well reproduced. The morphological evolution, like bar migration, is correctly reproduced. The 10H version, more stable and cheaper in computer time than the pseudo-2DV version, was applied to quantity the influence of the various parameters on morphology of plane beaches under the combined actions of waves and tide. Simulations fit with the descriptive model of Masselink and Short. This same 1 Dl version was applied to compute the behaviour of artificial nourishments. Preliminary, some practical recommendations are suggested
Reichmüth, Béatrice. "Contribution à la connaissance de la morphodynamique des plages à barres intertidales : approche expérimentale, Côte d'Opale, Nord de la France". Littoral, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DUNK0105.
Pełny tekst źródłaData from five field experiments combining hydrodynamic and topographic measurements on a macrotidal beach with intertidal bar morphology near Dunkerque, were combined with results of monthly beach profile surveys on this site and another site near Calais, in order to highlight the environmental and morphological characteristics and morphodynamic behaviour of the ridge and runnel beaches found on much of the Côte d'Opale. The bars show preferential locations only in the extreme upper part, and to a much lesser extent, lower part of the profile, respectively around the mean low water springs and neaps, and mean high water neaps and springs levels. This situation appears to be related to relative tidal stationarity about these levels, but the bars formed in the extreme upper beach are rather small, ephemeral features dominantly related to swash and to a smaller extent, surf, processes. The bulk of the bars show no relationship to tidal levels and are distributed on either side of the mean level, where tidal excursion rates are highest. Analyses of the entire database suggest a breaker/surf zone origin for these bars formed under conditions of relatively energetic (not to be confused with storms) but variable wave conditions that lead to local sand convergence zones. The tide plays an important morphodynamic role by determining the cross-shore excursion of these domains, but also by generating strong currents that are reinforced by storm wind forcing, and which contribute to the transport of sand mobilised by waves. The ridges show much less short-term morphological change but it shows a seasonal pattern of cyclic bar development and destruction hinged on wave energy
Guerin, Thomas. "Modélisation morphodynamique pluri-décennale des côtes dominées par la marée et les vagues". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LAROS002/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work considers the pluri-decadal morphodynamic modeling of sandy coastal environments subjected to tides and waves. A process-based numerical model is used, together with a collection of field data from the LIENSs laboratory (i.e. bathymetric, hydrodynamic, and seismic data). To simulate the morphodynamic of these environments, two main numerical developments have been added to the model : (1) the sediment heterogeneity, and (2) the bed evolution computation following a WENO-based scheme adapted to unstructured grids. The first model application concerns the 40-year hindcast (period 1960 to 2000) of a wide estuary mouth sandbank located in the Marennes-Oléron bay : the Longe de Boyard sandbank. Numerical results suggest that this sandbank long-term evolution is strongly controlled by waves, in spite of its global tide-dominated morphology. Rhythmic nature of sediment accretion, which is observed and modeled in the south part of the bank, was then analyzed from a stratigraphic point of view thanks to the integration of sediment heterogeneity into the model. Grain size rhythmic variations in this area appeared to be related to local wave climate seasonality. The second model application considers the Arçay sandspit evolution (Vendée coast). Morphodynamic results suggest that this sandspit evolution, mainly controlled by waves, is characterized by a combination of both autogenic and external-influenced behaviors