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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Morocco Art"

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Pieprzak, Katarzyna. "Art in the Streets: Modern Art, Museum Practice and the Urban Environment in Contemporary Morocco". Review of Middle East Studies 42, nr 1-2 (2008): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026318400051518.

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Every summer, cultural festivals take place all over Morocco, and streets in towns and cities become animated scenes for the articulation of Moroccan contemporary culture. So animated, heterogeneous and pluralistic has this festival scene become that the semiofficial newspaper for the Islamist PJD party has called these street festivals “vectors of decadence” and performing-artist union officials have declared that they feel threatened by the “foreign invasion” of internationally-based diaspora groups. Recently, in a critique of these attitudes, the magazine Telquel reported that they are “sick of the wet-rags of the festival season” that deny “millions of happy festival-goers the occasional…free oasis in the grand cultural desert of Morocco.” Describing the street as an oasis of culture vis-à-vis the desert landscape of Moroccan cultural institutions is not a new trope. In this paper I explore how Moroccan artists have engaged with the potential, promise and problems of art in the street when gallery spaces and museums fail to integrate modern art into a wider Moroccan cultural landscape.
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Alaoui, Fatima-Zohra Sbihi, i Susan Searight. "Rock Art in Morocco". Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 63 (1997): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00002383.

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Rock art in Morocco is widespread and varied, but little known in English-speaking circles. The present paper aims to present a broad outline of this art — almost entirely represented by engravings — as it is known today. A brief survey of past research is given. The distribution of sites is indicated, showing the country to be roughly divided into two areas: the High Atlas mountains and the sub-Saharan regions to the south. Four major groups of engravings are identified, according to theme, technique, and, to a certain extent, style. In the absence of radiocarbon or other datings, the only clues to the chronology of the engravings come from datable material objects or events. None of this art is thought to be older than Neolithic and the most recent engravings certainly date from early historical times. Problems of conservation are discussed, along with measures being taken both to protect the sites and to extend research on this informative aspect of Morocco's past.
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Bahji, Zineb Bahji. "Ahmed Cherkaoui : Entre Modernité et Enracinement, Museum Mohammed VI for Modern and Contemporary Arts (MMVI), Rabat, Morocco, 27.03.2018 - 27.08.2018." Museum and Society 17, nr 1 (10.03.2019): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29311/mas.v17i1.2977.

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The exhibition Ahmed Cherkaoui: Entre Modernité et Enracinement, Museum Mohammed VI for Modern and Contemporary Arts (MMVI),Rabat,Morocco, 27.03.2018 - 27.08.2018 was held in a succession of art exhibitions that Museum Mohammed VI has programmed since its creation in 2014 to preserve, promote and celebrate the national arts of Morocco. The exhibition introduced and represented the artworks of one of the iconic founders of Moroccan modern painting in post-colonial Morocco, a leading figure who experimented with material and content to create a harmonious and mystic synthesis of the traditional and the modern. Through a varied set of abstract paintings and drawings, the exhibition illustrated and interpreted Cherkaoui's works, and it narrated the life of this artist to show how his hybrid cultural experience influenced his creation. Cherkaoui's fascination with the popular signs and decorative symbols of his civilization and his passion for abstraction in modern art inspired a unique plastic vocabulary and style that marked the birth, development and history of modern art inMorocco.
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Bennani Othmani, M., S. Diouny i O. Bouhaddou. "Medical Informatics in Morocco". Yearbook of Medical Informatics 22, nr 01 (sierpień 2013): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1638855.

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Summary Objectives: Informatics is an essential tool for helping to transform healthcare from a paper-based to a digital sector. This article explores the state-of-the-art of health informatics in Morocco. Specifically, it aims to give a general overview of the Moroccan healthcare system, the challenges it is facing, and the efforts undertaken by the informatics community and Moroccan government in terms of education, research and practice to reform the country's health sector. Methods: Through the experience of establishing Medical Informatics as a medical specialty in 2008, creating a Moroccan Medical Informatics Association in 2010 and holding a first national congress took place in April 2012, the authors present their assessment of some important priorities for health informatics in Morocco. Results: These Moroccan initiatives are facilitating collaboration in education, research, and implementation of clinical information systems. In particular, the stakeholders have recognized the need for a national coordinator office and the development of a national framework for standards and interoperability. Conclusion: For developing countries like Morocco, new health IT approaches like mobile health and trans-media health advertising could help optimize scarce resources, improve access to rural areas and focus on the most prevalent health problems, optimizing health care access, quality, and cost for Morocco population.
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Larocca, Alberto. "Rock art conservation in Morocco". Public Archaeology 3, nr 2 (styczeń 2003): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/pua.2003.3.2.67.

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Saoura, Zakia, Ahmed Abriane i Aniss Moumen. "Digital entrepreneurship in Morocco: measurement model validation". SHS Web of Conferences 119 (2021): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111903004.

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According to the 2017 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor report, there are 6.5 million adults aged 18-64 planning to start an entrepreneurial career by 2020. However, the gap between attempt and effective creations remains one of the largest within Arab countries (40% versus 9%). Given these statistics, we ask the question about the profile of the Moroccan entrepreneur. In this paper, we opted for a quantitative research methodology on an exploratory sample. We distributed a questionnaire to a sample of eighty Moroccan entrepreneurs representing different regions of Morocco. The objective of our study is to validate a measurement scale of three dimensions: 1/ entrepreneurial motivations, 2/ skills, and 3/ behaviour in the Moroccan context. To do so, we present, in the first part, a literature review on digital entrepreneurship. Then, we establish a state of the art of entrepreneurship in Morocco. Then, we show our methodology. Finally, we reveal and discuss the results of our study.
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Dornhof, Sarah. "Street Art out of Time". Manazir Journal 4 (24.10.2022): 74–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/manazir.2022.4.5.

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The small town of Asilah in the north of Morocco holds an annual international festival of visual and performance arts, including exhibitions, workshops, conferences, and other parallel activities. However, it is best known for the murals that are painted every year anew by invited artists on the facades of old town houses. Founded in 1978, the Arts Festival or Cultural Moussem of Asilah qualifies as the first street art festival in Morocco and has significantly shaped the cultural context for arts to interact with public spaces. It has, in particular, linked street art manifestations to ideas of cultural dialogue and south-south alliances as well as to urban regeneration and social development. At the same time, the Festival has been criticized for using the integrative concept of the moussem, a traditional communal festivity, for cultural marketing and for connecting arts and culture to the power of the monarchy. By focusing on political, aesthetic, and urban aspects of the institutionalization of the Asilah Festival, this article draws a genealogical perspective on entanglements of art, public culture, and urban politics in Morocco. It thereby analyzes the cultural context in which street art finds its place, meaning, and critical potential today.
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Esposito, Claudia. "Traces of Souffles: on cultural production in contemporary Morocco". Contemporary French Civilization 45, nr 3-4 (1.12.2020): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/cfc.2020.18.

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This article examines contemporary cultural production in Morocco and focuses in particular on how poet-artist Abdellatif Laâbi, founder of the journal Souffles, and writer-artist Mahi Binebine display ties of filiation. Bringing to light the artistic and social collaborations that these two cultural actors nurture in Morocco, the article traces a filial genealogy between Laâbi and Binebine and examines the post-independence years to reveal the spirit of combat that lies at the origin of the current artistic scene in Morocco. Questioning the link between art and the public, the article concludes by acknowledging the tension between art and market-driven concerns inherent in an increasingly competitive art business.
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Sabar, Shalom. "The Preservation and Continuation of Sephardi Art in Morocco". European Judaism 52, nr 2 (1.09.2019): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ej.2019.520206.

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While it is widely known that the Jews of medieval Spain carried with them their language, literature and other traditions to the countries in which they settled following the Expulsion in 1492, little research has been conducted on the preservation of their material culture and the visual arts. In this article, these aspects are examined vis-à-vis the Judaic artistic production and visual realm of the Sephardi Jews in Morocco, who adhered to these traditions perhaps more staunchly than any other Sephardi community in modern times. The materials are divided into several categories which serve as an introduction to specific topics that each require further research. These include Hebrew book printing, Jewish marriage contracts (ketubbot), Hebrew manuscript decoration, clothing and jewellery relating to the world of the Sephardi-Moroccan woman and the interior of the home, and ceremonial objects for the synagogue.
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Abudaya, Mounia Chekhab. "Inner Visions: Art Practice and Sufi Devotion in Morocco at the Turn of the Fourteenth/Twentieth Century". Journal of Material Cultures in the Muslim World 3, nr 2 (14.07.2023): 267–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26666286-12340030.

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Abstract This article examines a large calligraphic panel from Morocco preserved in the Harvard Art Museums (2016.206). The artwork features stylized representations of Mecca and Medina alongside Prophet Muhammad’s sandals and a selection of religious texts praising the prophet. This composition is characteristic of Islamic devotional imagery, highlighting artistic transfer from Moroccan illustrated copies of the Dalāʾil al-Khayrāt by the ninth/fifteenth-century Sufi mystic al-Ǧazūlī. This article aims to contextualize the production of this specific panel artwork within the Wazzāniyya Sufi Brotherhood in Morocco. It also presents how the expression of religious devotion through symbolic images reflects a mediation between the believer and Islamic holy sites and relics of the prophet.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Morocco Art"

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Searight, Susan. "The prehistoric rock art of Morocco". Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2001. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/381/.

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This study aims to examine all aspects of Moroccan rock art and place it in an archaeological and environmental context. Almost 300 sites are now known but few have been studied fully. This work is the first overall analysis to be attempted. Data on climatic changes during the Holocene period, together with archaeological and faunal reports, provided the necessary background to the rock art. The distribution of engraved and painted sites in Morocco is very uneven. Animals were the most frequent themes, but a review of all the sites revealed great site and subject diversity. Four main types of engravings were Identified, their Characteristics described and their distribution plotted. Climatic fluctuations, new animal species, the introduction of meth weapons, the chariot and writing established a chronological framework. A critical appraisal of these events led to a tentative chronology for Moroccan rock art, thought here to have started around 2500 be. The situation of rock art sites showed that they were chosen for very specific reasons, some of them by nomadic pastoralists. Viewing rock art as a medium of communication, it was proposed that the images were messages defining territories, proclaiming ownership or commemorating heroes or battles. The images may have two levels of meaning: one easily understood by members of the group and by outsiders, the second, symbolic, less obviously comprehensible. Moroccan rock art was not an isolated phenomenon in north Africa. The rock art of Algeria, Libya and Mauritania showed both similarities and differences, IrnpMng a cultural link, albeit tenuous, between these countries. Available archaeological, environmental and rock art data revealed striking differences In information-availability between north and south Morocco. Archaeological research has established a chronologicaal nd cultural framework, in northern Morocco,to which rock art adds nothing. On the other hand, rock engravings of metal weapons are almost the only evidence of a Moroccan Bronze Age. In southern Morocco, the distribution of rock art sites reveals intensive human activity in an area little known from excavation. Rock art, archaeology and environment are thus related in this study to producea comprehensive picture of the past.
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Barnes, Maribea Woodington. "Ethnographic Research in Morocco: Analyzing Contemporary Artistic Practices and Visual Culture". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1218051347.

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Cavender, Amal. "Migrants and Fassi Merchants| Urban Changes in Morocco, 1830-1912". Thesis, Purdue University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10608727.

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This research examines the role of the Moroccan rulers, the political administration, and the Moroccan people in shaping Moroccan cities, mainly Fez, during the nineteenth century. It studies the role of trade and the interaction of Moroccan merchants with France and England between 1830 and 1912. In this study, I offer an analysis of a group of factors that influenced the development of Fez. More specifically, I analyze the impacts of war, drought, famine, epidemics, and unrest, which culminated in a massive migration from rural regions to urban cities, Fez in particular. The death and hardship of the era resulted in social and urban changes that made Fez the center of thriving trade and building projects.

These dynamics of change and socioeconomic factors reshaped the built environment of Fez. Accordingly, this dissertation examines several social and economic layers of urban change in Fez. This study challenges the notion that cities in Morocco represented a backward culture and stagnant past. It also articulates that the importance of Morocco comes not only from its relations with Europe, but also from its own political, social, and economic ideals.

As trade flourished during this period, Fez rose to be an important stage for wealth and urban change. It played an essential role in the economy and political balance of Europe. As a result, a new class of powerful and wealthy merchants, Muslims and Jews, formed the new political elites of Fez. These merchants influenced the socio-economic and built environments of Fez and Morocco at large. In addition, the interaction of the wealthy merchants with Europe increased their wealth and political presence, which impacted Morocco and facilitated the presence of European powers in the country. As a result of this transformation, a struggle for power heightened and the gap between the wealthy and the poor widened. These consequences transformed the built environment of Fez; the wealthy built palatial residences and the poor struggled to survive in cramped spaces.

This study posits that the slow and cautious progress of Morocco suggests the good intentions of the rulers to promote progress and development in a variety of domestic sectors. In addition, the increased wealth from trade and investment in properties and the continuous building and renovation activities reveals that Morocco was a land of change, and Fez was a vibrant, productive urban center during the nineteenth century. Fez’s production at the time is characterized by increased wealth from trade, land development, investment, and renovation.

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Searight, Susan. "The prehistoric rock art of Morocco : a study of its extension, environment and meaning /". Oxford : Archaeopress, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39907143d.

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Lespes, Marlène. "De l'orientalisme à l'art colonial : les peintres français au Maroc pendant le Protectorat (1912-1956)". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20098/document.

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À travers l’étude des peintres français partis au Maroc pendant le Protectorat, cette thèse examine la structuration et le développement de l’art colonial, courant qui succède à l’orientalisme au tournant des XIXe et XXe siècles. Loin d’être un phénomène isolé, le séjour dans ce pays pendant la période coloniale concerne des centaines d’artistes. Ces voyages sont encouragés et parfois même financés par des sociétés artistiques métropolitaines et par les gouvernements coloniaux. À Paris, des Salons et des expositions, comme les Expositions coloniales ou universelles, réservent des espaces spécifiques aux œuvres sur les colonies. Plusieurs artistes, critiques et conservateurs tentent par ailleurs de montrer de quelle manière l’art colonial est utile pour la propagande colonialiste. Après avoir retracé l’expérience marocaine des peintres français, il s’agira de présenter les principales institutions artistiques et culturelles occidentales dans le Protectorat. L’art colonial reprend certains thèmes orientalistes, mais leur apporte davantage de sobriété, de pondération et de vraisemblance. L’iconographie coloniale marocaine se distingue de celles des autres colonies par le nombre important d’œuvres consacrées aux cavaliers, aux Berbères et aux monuments historiques. Cette spécificité est due en partie à la politique culturelle menée par Lyautey, au développement de l’ethnographie marocaine et aux objectifs assignés à l’art colonial. Cette analyse est complétée par un dictionnaire des artistes du corpus
Through the study of French painters gone to Morocco during the Protectorate, this thesis reviews the structures and the emergence of Colonial art, which followed Orientalism at the turn of the century. Far from being an isolated phenomenon, hundreds of artists stayed in this country during the colonial period. The journey is motivated and even sometimes founded by artistic metropolitan societies and by colonial governments. In Paris, Salons and exhibitions such as World's Fairs and Colonial exhibitions dedicate specific areas to works on the colonies. Many artists, critics or curators also attempt to demonstrate how Colonial art can be useful to colonial propaganda. After outlining the French painters’ Moroccan experience, the main artistic and cultural occidental institutions during the Protectorate will be presented. Colonial art continues to represent some Orientalist themes but integrate them with more restraint, moderation and realism. Moroccan colonial iconography can be distinguished from the other colonies by the amount of work dedicated to horse riders, to Berbers and to historical monuments. This particularity is partly due to the cultural policy pursued by Lyautey, to the development of Moroccan ethnography and to the specific goals targeted for Colonial art. This analysis is followed by a dictionary of the artists corpus
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Benchabo-Benlolo, Bida-Guila. "Inventaire des synagogues et objets de culte de Casablanca : les vestiges d'un patrimoine en sursis". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCF017.

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Cette thèse établit l'inventaire exhaustif des synagogues de Casablanca en service, celles qui sont fermées ou encore celles disparues et dont on n'a plus de traces, ainsi que celui des objets rituels qu'elles renferment. L'implantation de ces lieux de culte constitue également une source d'informations sur la communauté juive Casablancaise et sur la mobilité de sa population entre 1911 et 2013. Casablanca, musée à ciel ouvert, a été influencée par des courants artistiques importés par l'Occident, tels que le Bauhaus, le style Art Nouveau, l'Art déco, des éléments gothiques ... associés à l'influence locale, aux courants internes au Maroc et à l'architecture coloniale. Adoptés par les familles juives de Casablanca, ces courants architecturaux vont finalement être appliqués à l'archtecture des synagogues, à leur mobilier et aux objets de culte
This thesis is an exhaustive inventory of Casablanca synagogues (based on, closed or missing) and ritual objects they contain. The etablishment of these places of worship provide also information on the jewish community of this city as well as the mobility of its population between 1911 and 2013. Casablanca, open-air museum, was influenced by artistic currents imported by colonization, such as the bauhaus, Art nouveau style, Art Déco, gothics elements ... mixed with local influence and architecture imported from the other cities of Morocco, as well as colonial architecture. Those architectural movements will penetrate private houses including jewish families of Casablanca to finally get into the synagogues and influence their architecture, furniture and liturgical objects
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Maziane, Leïla Zysberg André. "Salé et ses corsaires, 1666-1727 : un port de course marocain au XVIIe siècle /". Caen : Mont-Saint-Aignan : Presses universitaires de Caen; Publications des universités de Rouen et du Havre, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb412223073.

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Buitelaar, Maria Wilhelmina. "Fasting and feasting in Morocco : women's participation in Ramadan /". Oxford : Berg, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35669978x.

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Gershovich, Moshe. "French military rule in Morocco : colonialism and its consequences /". London : F. Cass, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375709097.

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Rosander, Eva Evers. "Women in a borderland : managing Muslim identity where Morocco meets Spain /". Stockholm : Department of social anthropology, University of Stockholm, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35515935g.

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Książki na temat "Morocco Art"

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(Project), Imago Mundi, red. Morocco, the surprise of absence: Contemporary artists from Morocco. [Villorba, Italy]: Fabrica, 2014.

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Jereb, James F. Arts & crafts of Morocco. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1996.

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Françoise, Peuriot, i Ploquin Philippe, red. Arabesques: Decorative art in Morocco. Courbevoie: ACR, 1999.

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Ecb. Tracing Morocco. Geneve: Montresso Art Foundation, 2015.

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Delacroix, Eugène. Delacroix in Morocco. Paris: Institut du monde arabe, 1994.

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Pieprzak, Katarzyna. Imagined museums: Art and modernity in postcolonial Morocco. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2010.

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Jack, Cowart, i National Gallery of Art (U.S.), red. Matisse in Morocco: The paintings and drawings, 1912-1913. Washington: National Gallery of Art, 1990.

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Schumacher, Emil. Emil Schumacher, Maroc. Stuttgart: G. Hatje, 1987.

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Morocco) Marrakech Biennale (5th 2014 Marrakech. Where are we now?: Marrakech Biennale 5. Redaktorzy Khālidī Hishān editor, Sarroff Amanda editor i Hoare Natasha editor. Heyningen: JAP SAM Books, 2014.

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Powe, Faye. Matisse in Morocco: The paintings and drawings, 1912-1913 : teachers' packet. Washington: Education Division, National Gallery of Art, 1990.

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Części książek na temat "Morocco Art"

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Wheeler, Kathleen. "The Attack on Realism: Edith Wharton’s In Morocco and ‘Roman Fever’". W 'Modernist' Women Writers and Narrative Art, 77–98. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230375826_4.

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Verhoeven, Mariëtte. "Australia and Morocco Revisited: The Materialized Travel Memories of Dutch Visual Artist Theo Kuijpers". W Retrospection and Revision in Modern and Contemporary Art, Literature and Music, 51–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39598-7_4.

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Boutayeb, Saber, i Mohammed Anass Majbar. "General Oncology Care in Morocco". W Cancer in the Arab World, 163–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7945-2_11.

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AbstractThe current population of Morocco is estimated to be 37 million based on the projection of the United Nations data. The median age in the Moroccan population is young. Around 25% of the population is aged under 14 years. Morocco is currently in an epidemiological transition called “double burden,” with the coexistence of infectious and chronic diseases. The most frequent cancers in men are lung, prostate, bladder, colorectum, and lymphoma. Whereas, for women, the most frequent are breast, cervix, colorectum, thyroid, and ovary. The first Moroccan cancer plan (2010–2019) has given the priority to breast and cervix cancers. Concerning treatments, the classical chemotherapies, hormonal therapies, and the first generation of monoclonal antibodies (Trastuzumab, Rituximab, Bevacizumab, Cetuximab, etc.,) are widely available for the entire population. Two immunotherapies are available in Morocco: Pembrolizumab and Atezolizumab. However, their reimbursement is still conflictual. 3D and new irradiation techniques are available in the major cities. Advanced minimally invasive techniques are now routinely performed for colorectal, liver, gynecologic, thoracic, and urologic cancers. The first surgical robot was acquired by the university hospital in Fez in 2019.
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Mahieu, Rilke. "Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Moroccan Citizens Abroad". W IMISCOE Research Series, 231–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51237-8_13.

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AbstractThis chapter sheds light on the ways in which Morocco, country of origin of a five million expatriate population centered in Europe, promotes the social protection of its expatriate citizens. Within Moroccan diaspora policies, which are long-standing, extensive and promoted by a range of diaspora institutions, the social protection of nationals abroad does not take a central position. Rather, Moroccan diaspora policies prioritize the mobilization of expatriate human and financial capital for Moroccan development interests. However, a number of initiatives have been taken to facilitate non-resident citizens’ access to social rights, such as the conclusion of bilateral conventions with major destination countries and the creation of social programs by Moroccan diaspora institutions.
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Bousetta, Hassan, Hicham Jamid i Ismaïl Oubad. "The Institutional Channeling of Transnational Economic Mobilization in Three Moroccan Regions". W Migrations in the Mediterranean, 365–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42264-5_21.

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AbstractThis chapter analyses the interaction between transnational economic mobilization between Europe and Morocco, on the one hand, and diaspora policies deployed in Morocco on the other hand. The objective is to better understand how transnational economic exchanges contribute to redefining the links between home societies and emigrant communities while at the same time redefining the latter as diasporas. These processes lie at the crossroads of new migration dynamics, new modes of economic action among emigrant communities and new State responses to these demands. Dwelling on the authors’ previous research on Moroccans in Europe and on a new project conducted in three Moroccan administrative regions (Oriental, Beni-Mellal-Khenifra and Souss Massa), the paper looks more particularly at how diaspora policies are being formulated at sub-state level and thus providing insights into how the transnational economic mobilization of Moroccan diasporic entrepreneurs is institutionally channeled.
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Mrabit, Khammar. "Building the Nuclear and Radiological Safety and Security Authority in the Kingdom of Morocco: Sharing Experience and Lessons Learned". W Nuclear Law, 319–33. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-495-2_15.

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AbstractFollowing the example of several countries, the Kingdom of Morocco adopted, in the middle of the twentieth century, nuclear techniques in the medical and industrial fields, which have experienced a greater and sustained growth following its membership of the IAEA in 1957. This chapter presents the evolution of the nuclear and radiological infrastructure in Morocco over the last 60 years and the prospects for its future development. The chapter outlines the continuous efforts made by public authorities to upgrade the national nuclear and radiological regulatory framework in compliance with international obligations related to safety, security and safeguards. In this regard, the Moroccan Agency for Nuclear and Radiological Safety and Security (AMSSNuR) has, since its inception, been driven by the will and ambition to achieve its vision of establishing itself at the national level as an independent, effective, credible and transparent regulatory body; as well as a leader at the African level and significant contributor in the international arena. The Moroccan experience in safety and security governance and management is highlighted, and the lessons learned and experience gained in this area by AMSSNuR are shared.
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Zartman, I. William. "Political Pluralism in Morocco". W Pioneers in Arts, Humanities, Science, Engineering, Practice, 57–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06079-4_4.

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Colin, Francesco. "Social Accountability in Morocco: Recurring Pressures and Sporadic Concessions". W EADI Global Development Series, 41–81. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51322-0_3.

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AbstractAmongst the institutional and societal changes that Morocco experienced in the last decades, accountability is becoming pivotal. The first article of the 2011 Constitution correlates responsibility with the rendering of accounts. However, important limitations to institutional accountability remain. This chapter aims to delve into local meanings and practices of social accountability, asking what accountability looks like for people in Morocco. After providing contextual information on Morocco’s overall accountability environment, the chapter looks at four dimensions of citizen engagement with social accountability: the multiple meanings that citizens ascribe to this notion, how these translate into diverse mobilisation methods, how authorities respond to citizen engagement and the overall outcome of these processes. This research showed that while the limited efficacy of institutional protocols for accountability taints citizens’ hopes for change, they still engage in a plethora of social accountability initiatives. Yet, such initiatives are far from systematically producing results. Local officials’ complicated relationship with civil society and limited ad hoc concessions further nuance the assessment of bottom-up demands for accountability. Regardless, civil society actors remain resolute in their struggles for change.
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Schwarz, Christoph. "The Role of Social Movements in the Re-Configuration of Youth Transition Regimes: The Biography of an Unemployed Graduates Activist in Morocco". W Re-Configurations, 185–202. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31160-5_12.

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Abstract This chapter analyzes the transitions to adulthood of young university graduates in Morocco, more precisely, activists of the unemployed graduates movement. Their protests offer a case in point to shed light on how youth transitions in the region are institutionalized and brokered. Based on particpant observation and life story interviews, this chapter applies a ‘youth transitions regime’ perspective in order to highlight he political dimension of youth transitions. How is the structure of these transitions and the hegemonic cultural definitions of ‘youth’ and ‘adulthood’ implicit in them linked to class, gender, social exclusion and precariousness? Has the ‘Arab Spring’ impacted the Moroccan youth transitions regime and the strategies of the unemployed graduates?
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Faustini Torres, Luisa. "Hindering Democracy Through Migration Policies? An Analysis of EU External Migration Policies’ Impacts on the Democratisation of Morocco". W Migrations in the Mediterranean, 29–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42264-5_3.

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AbstractWhat are the impacts of the European Union’s (EU) external migration policies on the democratisation of Southern Mediterranean Countries (SMCs)? Even though democracy promotion is an important element of the EU’s external migration policies, there is little academic knowledge about their effects on SMCs’ democratisation. This chapter attempts to start uncovering their impact on this policy field by focusing on EU policy practices. The analysis is done in two stages: (1) by suggesting an innovative theoretical framework, and (2) by applying it to the case of Morocco, a paradigmatic case among SMCs. Focusing on the years between 2015 and 2020, the case study draws on a content analysis of a broad range of qualitative data, including policy documents, literature, reports, and press releases. The research finds that EU external migration policies are likely to have had a negative impact on Morocco’s democratisation trajectory, affecting the EU’s capacity and willingness to exert leverage in this country and working as a tool for Morocco’s autocratic resilience. This outcome would contradict the EU’s own narratives, confirming the existence of a wide and deep gap between EU discourses and actions in this field, further contributing to the “process of disillusionment” of the Barcelona Process.
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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Morocco Art"

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Mergoul, Khalid, Bouchra Laarabi i Abdelfettah Barhdadi. "Solar Water Pumping Applications in Morocco: State of the Art". W 2018 6th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irsec.2018.8703015.

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TIJANI, Researcher Hamza. "SUB-SAHARAN MIGRATION, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN A CHANGING WORLD: THE MOROCCAN EXPERIENCE AS AN EXAMPLE". W I. International Century Congress for Social Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/soci.con1-24.

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Given its Geographical Location, Morocco is a market between Africa and Europe. This current privileged situation, in essence, creates significant challenges and opportunities in the field of sub-Saharan migration, a crucial question that affects not only Morocco's national policy, but also regional and international dynamics. Historically, Morocco has been considered an immigration country. As a result, the establishment of a large Moroccan community over the years has been essential in Europe. Over the last ten years, the country has become a place of transit and migration for a large number of sub-Saharan populations wishing to travel to Europe. In addition, thanks to a set of controls on the EU borders, Morocco has become a stabilization push. Managing sub-Saharan migration is a complex game for Morocco. This is why the Moroccan government is seeking reforms aimed at improving the living conditions of migrants in a regular situation and combating the traffic of people. Adopting national strategies for migration and asylum allows the operations of organizing millions of foreigners residing on their lands. Despite these efforts, challenges persist. Irregular migration in Sub-Saharan Africa remains a topic of concern, particularly with regard to border security and the preservation of migrants' rights. There are many factors that delay this migratory flow. Despite demographic pressure in countries of origin, linked to conflict, poverty, and political instability, many sub-Saharan people can seek opportunities.
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Lukyanova, Galina O., Nadezhda N. Morozova i Elena A. Paymakova. "The Language and Cultural Policy of the Middle East and Northern Africa Countries Within the Framework of Educational Development and Multiculturalism: The Case of Jordan and Morocco". W Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Education, Language, Art and Inter-cultural Communication (ICELAIC 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.191217.156.

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Chetioui, Youssef, Hind Lebdaoui, Rhizlane Hammoud i Imane Cherif. "University students’ attitude, satisfaction, and future preference of online learning: Empirical evidence from an emerging country". W Tenth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head24.2024.17085.

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Following the COVID-19 outbreak, online learning was only available option to cope with the quarantine policies while continuing education. Still, the debate on the effectiveness of this teaching approach and its potential to strive in the future has been continuing. This debate has nonetheless received relatively less attention in developing countries. Through an integrated conceptual model based on the technology acceptance model and the theory of planned behavior, the current study attempts to investigate attitude, online satisfaction, academic achievement, and future preference of online learning among university students in an emerging country (i.e., Morocco). The proposed conceptual model is assessed using a sample of 588 Moroccan university students, and data is assessed using the partial least square technique. Managerial implications are suggested to universities, educators and policy makers.
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Malamud, Monica. "Culture, Identity and Language Use in Morocco". W GLOCAL Conference on Mediterranean and European Linguistic Anthropology Linguistic Anthropology 2022. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/comela22.4-2.

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From a functional perspective, language is human beings’ means of communication. In societies in which more than one language is used, and in which individuals themselves are multilingual, an interesting research question is: How do individuals and communities decide which language(s) to use for optimal communication? In Morocco, although language choices have been heavily influenced by its history, at present, the situation is far more complex and nuanced. Currently, Arabic and Berber are official languages, while French, Spanish, and English are also spoken by sizable proportions of the population, and are taught in schools and language institutes. However, there are varying degrees of proficiency and acceptance of these languages within Moroccan society. Through sociolinguistic interviews with informants from different socio-economic, geographical, religious, and educational backgrounds, my research aims to tease out the motives that lead them to prefer certain language(s) over others, for themselves, their families, and their communities. My paper also reviews language policy within the educational context, and the different approaches that are used in formal language socialization, depending on the language. My analysis shows how the intersection of languages and education is yet another reflection of cultural values and attitudes. Language use of Moroccans today is shaped by a complex web of factors, both internal and external to the country, personal and societal, and real and perceived. Ultimately, language and culture are intricately interconnected, and language choice in Morocco is an important expression of personal identity and group membership.
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Marhoum, Adil. "Plenary lecture: the teaching of statistics in morocco l’enseignement de la statistique au maroc". W Teaching Statistics in a Data Rich World. International Association for Statistical Education, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.17103.

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Discussing higher education in Morocco, particularly about statistics, the talk reflects on the following points: • Interest of statistics • Place of statistics in education programs in Morocco • Difficulties in teaching statistics • Teachers of statistics and teaching methods • Suggestions for further increasing the penetration of statistics into curricula Various reforms of Moroccan education have consistently placed more emphasis on the teaching of statistics. This teaching is currently being introduced in most of the training streams, such as economics, management sciences, and agronomic sciences. Despite this positive development, there are a number of shortcomings in the teaching of statistics. There is an absence of statistical reasoning in students: the ability to analyze and interpret the results of calculations. Statistics courses are taught by teachers who have often been forced to teach it, usually mathematics teachers, who on the whole have a formal approach to statistics. The mathematician takes the place of the statistician, without considering more applied questions. In order to encourage better statistical understanding, we suggest the presence of experienced statisticians in any university or scientific research institution, in association if necessary; training seminars (Study visits, refresher courses, thematic networking of statisticians, etc.) in countries with more statistics education capacity; local training for researchers; participation in regional seminars; creation of courses of study more oriented towards statistical processing and data processing; and drafting and dissemination of guides to good statistical practice in experimentation, sampling and publication of results.
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Krakorova, Iva. "ARAB SPRING: WHY IS MOROCCO DIFFERENT?" W 2nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2015/b21/s4.003.

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Segal, Edward M., Ryan Woodward, Sigrid Adriaenssens i Theodore P. Zoli. "A Polyester-Rope Suspended Footbridge in Ait Bayoud, Morocco". W Footbridge 2017 Berlin. Chair of Conceptual and Structural Design, Fachgebiet Entwerfen und Konstruieren – Massivbau, Technische Universität Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2017.09282.

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Seyagh, Intissar, i Aziz Bensbahou. "Interregional Analysis of Energy Consumption and Sustainable Development in Morocco". W 9th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.s.p.2023.23.

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This article presents a multi-regional assessment of energy con­sumption optimization in Morocco using an inter-regional input-output model in 2019. It aims to present a theoretical analysis of energy optimization and sustainable development models. The study results reveal that different regions of Morocco face distinct challenges in energy consumption and that certain sectors such as oil refining and energy products, electricity and water, as well as transportation, have the highest energy consumption multipliers, suggesting that investment in renewable energy sources and energy efficien­cy initiatives are essential to reducing energy consumption in the long term and helping Morocco to achieve its energy efficiency objectives.
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Peng, Aoran, Jessica Menold i Scarlett R. Miller. "Does It Translate? A Case Study of Conceptual Design Outcomes With U.S. and Moroccan Students". W ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22623.

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Abstract High globalization in the world today results in the involvement of multi-discipline, multi-cultural teams, as well as the entrance of more economic powers in the market. Effective innovation strategies are critical if emerging markets plan to become economic players in this increasingly connected global market. The current work compares the design processes of designers from emerging and established markets to understand how design methods are applied across culture. Specifically, the design decisions of designers from Morocco, one of the four leading economic power in Africa, and the U.S. are investigated. Concept generation and selection are the focus of the current study as they are critical steps in the design process that can determine project outcomes. Previous studies have identified three factors, ownership bias, gender, and idea goodness as influential during concept selection. The effect of these three factors on designers in the United States is well established. The current study expands upon previous findings to examine the influence of these factors across two cultures — U.S. and Morocco. The results of this study, although preliminary, found that U.S. students had a higher idea fluency than Morocco students. It also found a significant difference in idea fluency between genders in the U.S. but not in Morocco. In addition, it was found that overall, participants exhibited ownership bias toward ideas with high goodness.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Morocco Art"

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Alestig, Mira, i Sabita Banerji. The Workers Behind the Citrus Fruits: A focused Human Rights Impact Assessment of Coop Sweden’s Moroccan citrus fruit supply chains. Oxfam, kwiecień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.8762.

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This paper reports on a focused human rights impact assessment (HRIA) of Coop Sweden’s Moroccan citrus supply chains. The HRIA aimed to assess the actual and potential human rights impacts at the production stage of the value chain in Morocco, to identify their root causes, and to provide recommendations to relevant stakeholders concerning their mitigation and/or remediation. The assessment took just over a year and consisted of five phases of analysis using a methodology aligned with the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs). The field phase took place between January and April 2021. The HRIA was commissioned by Coop Sweden, who wanted a better picture of working conditions in the citrus sector and of the experiences of workers in seasonal production.
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Panel, Malabo Montpellier. Connecting The Dots: Policy Innovations for Food Systems Transformation in Africa. AKADEMIYA2063, lipiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54067/9789870010101.

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This report—Connecting the Dots: Policy Innovations for Food Systems Transformation in Africa—draws on the experience and at times visionary leadership of four African countries: Ghana, Malawi, Morocco, and Rwanda. It focuses on their policy and institutional innovations, which have moved the needle toward systems-level change and transformation.
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Roberts, Tony, Judy Gitahi, Patrick Allam, Lawrence Oboh, Oyewole Oladapo, Gifty Appiah-Adjei, Amira Galal i in. Mapping the Supply of Surveillance Technologies to Africa: Case Studies from Nigeria, Ghana, Morocco, Malawi, and Zambia. Institute of Development Studies, wrzesień 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2023.027.

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African governments are spending over 1US$bn per year on digital surveillance technologies which are being used without adequate legal protections in ways that regularly violate citizens’ fundamental human rights. This report documents which companies, from which countries, are supplying which types of surveillance technology to African governments. Without this missing detail, it is impossible to adequately design measures to mitigate and overcome illegal surveillance and violations of human rights. Since the turn of the century, we have witnessed a digitalisation of surveillance that has enabled the algorithmic automation of surveillance at a scale not previously imaginable. Surveillance of citizens was once a labour and time-intensive process. This provided a practical limit to the scope and depth of state surveillance. The digitalisation of telephony has made it possible to automate the search for keywords across all mobile and internet communications. For the first time, state surveillance agencies can do two things: (a) conduct mass surveillance of all citizens’ communications, and (b) micro-target individuals for in-depth surveillance that draws together in real-time data from mobile calls, short message service (SMS), internet messaging, global positioning system (GPS) location, and financial transactions. This report was produced by qualitative analysis of open-source data in the public domain. The information presented is drawn from a diverse range of sources, including open government data sets, export licence portals, procurement notices, civil society databases of surveillance contracts, press releases from surveillance companies, academic articles, reports, and media coverage. The research is organised using a typology of five categories of surveillance technology. We did not set out to detail every technology available, every company, or every supply contract. Instead, we document the main companies and countries selling digital surveillance technologies to African governments. Rather than focus on the technical functionality distinguishing each product offering, we highlight five of the most important types of surveillance technology: internet interception, mobile interception, social media surveillance, ‘safe city’ technologies for the surveillance of public spaces, and biometric identification technologies.
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Uzelac, Ana. The Real Common Interest: The converging EU and North African migration agendas – where do people’s interests come in? Oxfam, październik 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6553.

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For too long the EU’s migration policies have ignored the priorities of the countries it partners with for the sake of its own border security and domestic priorities. These have permeated the domestic migration and asylum policies of the Maghreb countries it supports, including Tunisia and Morocco, in a convergence of national interests of states, at the cost of people’s interests. The EU’s cooperation with its neighbours should encourage a real common interest: protecting people and fulfilling their rights.
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Touhami, Abdelkhalek, i Dorothee Boccanfuso. Is the Moroccan Fiscal System Progressive ? A Shapley Decomposition. CIRANO, wrzesień 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/wrzq6217.

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Public policies, particularly those related to tax policy and subsidies, should help reduce poverty and inequality. However, the combination of the components of these two systems, as implemented, leads sometimes to an increase in poverty and/or inequality without this being necessarily visible. In this paper, based on data from the 2019 wave of the ONDH Household Panel Survey from Morocco, we first highlight the ifluence of taxes and subsidies on household incomes. We then derive the income variations relating to the tax burden and gains from subsidies for the different population groups. We then characterize taxes and subsidies in terms of their progressiveness and regressiveness. Finally, using a Shapley decomposition, we determine the contribution of each tax and subsidy to poverty and inequality measures. This analysis is done separately for rural and urban areas, useful to formulate recommendations on this basis. Our results show that the tax and subsidy system, taken all together, is redistributive. We can also conclude unambiguously that this system reduces poverty and inequality. However, the value-added tax (VAT) is regressive in its current form, unlike income tax, which is progressive. Finally, subsidies for primary and secondary education are highly progressive, while those for higher education are regressive,benefiting the wealthiest quintiles.
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Wilson, Emily, Susannah Davidson, Andrew McDermott i Angela Urban. Hazardous and solid waste management planning in select African countries. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), marzec 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48333.

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Managing wastes produced during contingency operations in United States Africa Command (USAFRICOM) locations has historically relied on local contract disposal or open-air burn pits, which have been shown to be harmful to the health of service members. Posture locations that can find alternative ways to manage waste, specifically through contracts with the host country’s waste services, can better protect the health and safety of the warfighter and the native landscapes. African waste systems are complex, decentralized systems with considerable regional variation. The lack of government-funded waste management services leaves many residents with few options for safe disposal. The differing waste disposal strategies are described to offer guidance for military operations in the focus countries of Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Morocco, Niger, Senegal, and Uganda. Relevant international agreements regulating the flow of hazardous waste across borders that can impact disposal plans are also noted. This report serves as a reference to develop waste management alternatives in the USAFRICOM area of responsibility (AOR). Official Department of Defense and Army regulations should be consulted when devising an integrated waste management plan.
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Gallien, Max, Umair Javed i Vanessa van den Boogaard. Zakat, Non-State Welfare Provision and Redistribution in Times of Crisis: Evidence from the Covid-19 Pandemic. Institute of Development Studies, kwiecień 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.021.

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Around the world, pandemic relief efforts saw renewed attention to state social protection and its limitations. Less attention has been paid to alternative forms of welfare provision, including zakat in Muslim countries. We ask how states and citizens engage with zakat during a crisis through a case study of the Covid-19 pandemic in Pakistan, Egypt and Morocco, drawing on novel and nationally representative survey data from 5,484 respondents. While we might expect citizens to be less motivated to pay zakat at times of personal economic hardship, we find that a large majority of the general population and of zakat contributors perceive zakat as particularly important in the Covid context, and were also more likely to make other charitable contributions. We argue that zakat may play an important role in supplementing state social protection and redistribution in times of crisis. While we find evidence for zakat’s redistributive nature, the diversity of practice and common reliance on social relations need to be considered when looking at its redistributive impact and function in times of crisis.
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Bourekba, Moussa. Climate Change and Violent Extremism in North Africa. The Barcelona Centre for International Affairs, październik 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/casc014.

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As climate change intensifies in many parts of the world, more and more policymakers are concerned with its effects on human security and violence. From Lake Chad to the Philippines, including Afghanistan and Syria, some violent extremist (VE) groups such as Boko Haram and the Islamic State exploit crises and conflicts resulting from environmental stress to recruit more followers, expand their influence and even gain territorial control. In such cases, climate change may be described as a “risk multiplier” that exacerbates a number of conflict drivers. Against this backdrop, this case study looks at the relationship between climate change and violent extremism in North Africa, and more specifically the Maghreb countries Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, which are all affected by climate change and violent extremism. There are three justifications for this thematic and geographical focus. Firstly, these countries are affected by climate change in multiple ways: water scarcity, temperature variations and desertification are only a few examples of the numerous cross- border impacts of climate change in this region. Secondly, these three countries have been and remain affected by the activity of violent extremist groups such as Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), the Islamic State organisation (IS) and their respective affiliated groups. Algeria endured a civil war from 1991 to 2002 in which Islamist groups opposed the government, while Morocco and Tunisia have been the targets of multiple terrorist attacks by jihadist individuals and organisations. Thirdly, the connection between climate change and violent extremism has received much less attention in the literature than other climate-related security risks. Although empirical research has not evidenced a direct relationship between climate change and violent extremism, there is a need to examine the ways they may feed each other or least intersect in the context of North African countries. Hence, this study concentrates on the ways violent extremism can reinforce vulnerability to the effects of climate change and on the potential effects of climate change on vulnerability to violent extremism. While most of the existing research on the interplay between climate change and violent extremism concentrates on terrorist organisations (Asaka, 2021; Nett and Rüttinger, 2016; Renard, 2008), this case study focuses on the conditions, drivers and patterns that can lead individuals to join such groups in North Africa. In other words, it looks at the way climate change can exacerbate a series of factors that are believed to lead to violent radicalisation – “a personal process in which individuals adopt extreme political, social, and/or religious ideals and aspirations, and where the attainment of particular goals justifies the use of indiscriminate violence” (Wilner and Dubouloz, 2010: 38). This approach is needed not only to anticipate how climate change could possibly affect violent extremism in the medium and long run but also to determine whether and how the policy responses to both phenomena should intersect in the near future. Does climate change affect the patterns of violent extremism in North Africa? If so, how do these phenomena interact in this region? To answer these questions, the case study paper first gives an overview of the threat posed by violent extremism in the countries of study and examines the drivers and factors that are believed to lead to violent extremism in North Africa. Secondly, it discusses how these drivers could be affected by the effects of climate change on resources, livelihoods, mobility and other factors. Finally, an attempt is made to understand the possible interactions between climate change and violent extremism in the future and the implications for policymaking.
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Gallien, Max, Umair Javed i Vanessa van den Boogaard. Between God, the People, and the State: Citizen Conceptions of Zakat. Institute of Development Studies, maj 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.027.

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The global pool for zakat – one of the five pillars of Islam mandating an annual payment typically equivalent to 2.5 per cent of an individual’s productive wealth – is estimated to make up between USD 200 billion and 1 trillion. States have long sought to harness zakat for their own budgets – and legitimacy. To date, however, there has been no systematic empirical discussion of how citizens perceive and engage with state involvement in zakat and how they perceive state-run zakat funds. These perceptions and experiences are central to important questions of how we conceptualise fiscal transfers and the relationship between citizens and states: if it is legally treated as one, does zakat function like a tax? Do citizens engage with it differently? Does its formalisation strengthen or undermine the social norms in which it is embedded? This paper provides, to the best of our knowledge, the first comparative analysis of how citizens in Muslim-majority countries conceptualise zakat, attempting to situate it between religion, charity, and the state. We do so in the context of three lower middle-income countries (LMICs) – Morocco, Pakistan, and Egypt – representing variation in state involvement in zakat, relying on nationally representative surveys covering 5,484 respondents, of whom 2,648 reported that they had paid zakat in the preceding 12 months. Despite heterogeneity in state practice across the three countries, and in contrast to our expectations, we find commonalities in how citizens perceive zakat. Across our cases, citizens understand zakat as existing beyond the state, even where the state is involved in zakat administration and enforcement. Rather than viewing it as a legal obligation akin to taxation or merely as a charitable payment, Muslims across diverse religious and institutional contexts predominately conceive of zakat as a form of informal tax, rooted in social pressures and sanctions in the afterlife, but existing beyond the limits of state authority. This has important conceptual implications for the study of public finance, which has been predominately state-centric, while suggesting that there are clear limits to states’ ability to harness zakat payments into public finance systems. It also suggests clear limits to the ability of states to ‘harness’ zakat as a fiscal tool through centralised administration or mandated enforcement.
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Facts about adolescents from the Demographic and Health Survey—Statistical tables for program planning: Morocco 1992. Population Council, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy21.1025.

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The Population Council initiated its work on adolescents in the mid-1990s. At that time, those advocating greater attention to adolescent issues were concerned about adolescent fertility—particularly outside of marriage—and adolescent “risk-taking” behavior. As an international scientific organization with its mandate centered around the needs of developing countries, the Council sought a more nuanced and context-specific understanding of the problems confronting adolescents in the developing world. In working with colleagues inside and outside the Council, it became clear that information on adolescents, and the way data are organized, were limiting the ability to understand the diversity of their experiences or to develop programs to address that diversity. In the absence of data, many adolescent policies were implicitly based on the premise that the lives of adolescents in developing countries were like those of adolescents in Western countries. In fact, significant numbers of young people in the West do not fit this description, and even larger groups within the developing countries. The Council created tables to more clearly describe the diversity of the adolescent experience by drawing on Morocco Demographic and Health Survey data. The tables, presented in this report, are intended to be used as a basis for developing programs.
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