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Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Monsoon Low Pressure Systems

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Monsoon Low Pressure Systems”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Monsoon Low Pressure Systems"

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Hurley, John V., i William R. Boos. "A global climatology of monsoon low-pressure systems". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 141, nr 689 (28.10.2014): 1049–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.2447.

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Dong, Wenhao, Yi Ming i V. Ramaswamy. "Projected Changes in South Asian Monsoon Low Pressure Systems". Journal of Climate 33, nr 17 (1.09.2020): 7275–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-20-0168.1.

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AbstractMonsoon low pressure systems (MLPSs) are among the most important synoptic-scale disturbances of the South Asian summer monsoon. Potential changes in their characteristics in a warmer climate would have broad societal impacts. Yet, the findings from a few existing studies are inconclusive. We use the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) coupled climate model CM4.0 to examine the projected changes in the simulated MLPS activity under a future emission scenario. It is shown that CM4.0 can skillfully simulate the number, genesis location, intensity, and lifetime of MLPSs. Global warming gives rise to a significant decrease in MLPS activity. An analysis of several large-scale environmental variables, both dynamic and thermodynamic, suggests that the decrease in MLPS activity can be attributed mainly to a reduction in low-level relative vorticity over the core genesis region. The decreased vorticity is consistent with weaker large-scale ascent, which leads to less vorticity production through the stretching term in the vorticity equation. Assuming a fixed radius of influence, the projected reduction in MLPSs would significantly lower the associated precipitation over north-central India, despite an overall increase in mean precipitation.

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Krishnamurthy, V., i R. S. Ajayamohan. "Composite Structure of Monsoon Low Pressure Systems and Its Relation to Indian Rainfall". Journal of Climate 23, nr 16 (15.08.2010): 4285–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli2953.1.

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Abstract The tropical disturbances formed in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea and over land points in central India, known as low pressure systems (LPSs), are shown to contribute significantly to the seasonal monsoon rainfall over India. Analyses of daily rainfall over India and statistics of the LPSs for the period of 1901–2003 show that the rainfall pattern when the LPSs are present captures the most dominant daily rainfall pattern that represents the active monsoon phase. The rainfall pattern when the LPSs are absent is similar to the pattern representing the break monsoon phase. The location, number, and duration of the LPSs are found to be closely related to the phases and propagation of the dominant intraseasonal modes of the Indian rainfall. The LPSs are also associated with the strengthening of the monsoon trough and low-level monsoon winds. The number of LPSs and their total duration and the corresponding rainfall during July and August exceed those in June and September. The LPS tracks reach up to northwest India during flood years, whereas they are confined to central India during drought years. However, the contribution of rainfall during the LPSs to the total seasonal rainfall is same during flood or drought years. Although the LPSs seem to play an important role in the monsoon rainfall, they alone may not determine the interannual variability of the seasonal mean monsoon rainfall.

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KUMAR, J. RAJENDRA, i S. K. DASH. "Inter-annual and intra-seasonal variation of some characteristics of monsoon disturbances formed over the Bay". MAUSAM 50, nr 1 (17.12.2021): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v50i1.1804.

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The characteristics of monsoon disturbances during drought and flood years for the period 1971-96 are studied to find out their inter-annual variations. Variations of some of the characteristics of monsoon disturbances formed over Bay during 1979-88, with respect to different monsoon conditions such as strong, weak and break monsoons, are also studied. The results show that monsoon disturbance days are higher during flood years than during drought years. Drought years are associated with higher chances of low pressure areas to intensity into depressions, less westward movement, more horizontal extent, intense pressure departure from normal in comparison with flood years. However, more monsoon disturbances tilt significantly during flood years. The rainfall associated with these disturbances is highly variable and does not depend on the density, horizontal and vertical extent of the individual system. More number of lows intensify into depressions during strong monsoon conditions compared to those of weak monsoon conditions. Lows and depressions during strong monsoons have more westward movement and longer life period. Generally, very few lows form during break monsoon and none of them intensify into depression. Hence, the presence of mid-tropospheric heating during strong and weak monsoons is essential for the formation of depression. Synoptic systems which abate break monsoon condition and re-establish normal monsoon are also discussed.

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Hunt, Kieran M. R., i Andrew G. Turner. "Non-linear intensification of monsoon low-pressure systems by the BSISO". Weather and Climate Dynamics 3, nr 4 (18.11.2022): 1341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-1341-2022.

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Abstract. More than half of the rainfall brought to the Indian subcontinent by the summer monsoon is associated with low-pressure systems (LPSs). Yet their relationship with the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) – the dominant intraseasonal forcing on the monsoon – is only superficially understood. Using reanalysis data, we explore the relationship between the BSISO and LPS intensity, propagation and precipitation, and associated underlying mechanisms. The BSISO has a large impact on mean monsoon vorticity and rainfall as it moves northward – maximising both in phases 2–3 over southern India and phases 5–6 over northern India – but a much weaker relationship with total column water vapour. We present evidence that LPS genesis also preferentially follows these phases of the BSISO. We identify significant relationships between BSISO phase and LPS precipitation and propagation: for example, during BSISO phase 5, LPSs over northern India produce 51 % heavier rainfall and propagate northwestward 20 % more quickly. Using a combination of moisture flux linearisation and quasi-geostrophic theory, we show that these relationships are driven by changes to the underlying dynamics rather than the moisture content or thermodynamic structure of the monsoon. Using the example of LPSs over northern India during BSISO phase 5, we show that the vertical structure of anomalous vorticity can be split into contributions from the BSISO background circulation and the non-linear response of the LPS to anomalous BSISO circulation. Complementary hypotheses emerge about the source of this non-linear vorticity response: non-linear frictional convergence and secondary barotropic growth. We show that both are important. The BSISO imparts greater meridional shear on the background state, supporting LPS intensification. The BSISO background and non-linear LPS response both contribute significantly to anomalous boundary layer convergence, and we show through vortex budget arguments that the former supports additional LPS intensification in boundary layer, while the latter supports faster westward propagation. This work therefore yields important insights into the scale interactions controlling one of the dominant synoptic systems contributing to rainfall during the monsoon.

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Hunt, Kieran M. R., i Jennifer K. Fletcher. "The relationship between Indian monsoon rainfall and low-pressure systems". Climate Dynamics 53, nr 3-4 (30.03.2019): 1859–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04744-x.

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JADHAV, S. K., i A. A. MUNOT. "Statistical study of the low pressure systems during summer monsoon season over the Indian region". MAUSAM 55, nr 1 (19.01.2022): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v55i1.853.

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The occurrence of a closed low pressure area due to low, depression or cyclonic storm is termed as Low Pressure System (LPS). LPS plays an important role in the distribution of rainfall during the southwest monsoon season. Lows produce widespread rainfall as compared to depressions and cyclonic storms which yield concentrated rainfall over a smaller area. The distribution of rainfall depends upon the track and life span of LPS. Most of the LPS formed over the Bay of Bengal travel in northwest direction strengthening the rainfall activities over the large parts of the country. In this study, the LPS formed during the monsoon season, June to September for the period 1891-2000 over the region covering India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea are taken into account. The duration of LPS is also studied in terms of LPS Days during the monsoon season. The statistical analysis of LPS and LPS Days is carried out for the monsoon months and for the monsoon season as a whole, for the period 1891-2000. It is seen that the frequency of LPS during any of the monsoon months does not exceed six but three LPS in a month are more common. Total number of LPS during the monsoon season ranges from 9 to 18. In June and July maximum total duration of LPS lies between 10-14 LPS Days while in August and September, it is between 15-19 LPS Days. August is the month having maximum number of LPS and LPS Days. The frequency analysis shows that monthly and seasonal LPS and LPS Days are normally distributed. It is also observed that even though season's total number of LPS has no significant increase or decrease, the LPS Days have significantly increased during the decades, 1971-80 and 1981-90.

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Shi, Xiaohui, George Kiladis i Min Wen. "Diagnostics of westward propagating East Asian monsoon low-pressure systems that reach the Indian monsoon region". Climate Dynamics 54, nr 1-2 (6.11.2019): 987–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-05041-3.

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Praveen, V., S. Sandeep i R. S. Ajayamohan. "On the Relationship between Mean Monsoon Precipitation and Low Pressure Systems in Climate Model Simulations". Journal of Climate 28, nr 13 (1.07.2015): 5305–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00415.1.

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Abstract The north-northwest-propagating low pressure systems (LPS) are an important component of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). The objective detection and tracking of LPS in reanalysis products and climate model simulations are challenging because of the weak structure of the LPS compared to tropical cyclones. Therefore, the skill of reanalyses and climate models in simulating the monsoon LPS is unknown. A robust method is presented here to objectively identify and track LPS, which mimics the conventional identification and tracking algorithm based on detecting closed isobars on surface pressure charts. The new LPS tracking technique allows a fair comparison between the observed and simulated LPS. The analysis based on the new tracking algorithm shows that the reanalyses from ERA-Interim and MERRA were able to reproduce the observed climatology and interannual variability of the monsoon LPS with a fair degree of accuracy. Further, the newly developed LPS detection and tracking algorithm is also applied to the climate model simulations of phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The CMIP5 models show considerable spread in terms of their skill in LPS simulation. About 60% of the observed total summer monsoon precipitation over east-central India is found to be associated with LPS activities, while in model simulations this ratio varies between 5% and 60%. Those models that simulate synoptic activity realistically are found to have better skill in simulating seasonal mean monsoon precipitation. The model-to-model variability in the simulated synoptic activity is found to be linked to the intermodel spread in zonal wind shear over the Indian region, which is further linked to inadequate representation of the tropical easterly jet in climate models. These findings elucidate the mechanisms behind the model simulation of ISM precipitation, synoptic activity, and their interdependence.

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Clark, Spencer K., Yi Ming i Ángel F. Adames. "Monsoon Low Pressure System–Like Variability in an Idealized Moist Model". Journal of Climate 33, nr 6 (15.03.2020): 2051–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0289.1.

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AbstractIn this paper, it is shown that westward-propagating monsoon low pressure system–like disturbances in the South Asian monsoon region can be simulated in an idealized moist general circulation model through the addition of a simplified parameterization of land. Land is parameterized as having one-tenth the heat capacity of the surrounding slab ocean, with evaporation limited by a bucket hydrology model. In this model, the prominent topography of the Tibetan Plateau does not appear to be necessary for these storm systems to form or propagate; therefore, focus is placed on the simulation with land but no topography. The properties of the simulated storms are elucidated using regression analysis and compared to results from composites of storms from comprehensive GCMs in prior literature and reanalysis. The storms share a similar vertical profile in anomalous Ertel potential vorticity to those in reanalysis. Propagation, however, does not seem to be strongly dictated by beta drift. Rather, it seems to be more closely consistent with linear moisture vortex instability theory, with the exception of the importance of the vertical advection term in the Ertel potential vorticity budget toward the growth and maintenance of disturbances. The results presented here suggest that a simplified GCM configuration might be able to be used to gain a clearer understanding of the sensitivity of monsoon low pressure systems to changes in the mean state climate.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Monsoon Low Pressure Systems"

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Pickering, Paul Frederick. "Instabilities in low pressure boiling systems". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7784.

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Ding, Bowen. "Aerodynamics of low pressure steam turbine exhaust systems". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/290137.

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The low pressure (LP) exhaust system presents a promising avenue for improving the performance of large steam turbines. For this reason, LP exhaust systems have attracted the attention of the research community for decades. Nevertheless, we still lack understanding of the flow physics and loss mechanisms in the exhaust system, especially at part-load conditions. It is also unclear how the exhaust system should be designed when its required operating range widens. This thesis provides solutions to these aerodynamic issues through experimental and numerical investigations, and provides tools that could contribute to better designs of LP exhaust systems. Firstly, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver ANSYS CFX was validated against experiments performed on a scaled test rig under representative part-load flow conditions. This validation exposed the weakness of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) CFD when there is a highly swirling flow and large separation regions in the exhaust diffuser. To facilitate the numerical studies, a series of tools were also developed. A design suite, ExhaustGen, was used to automate the pre- and post-processing of CFD calculations. The exhaust diffuser was parametrised using "Minimum Energy Curves", which reduce the dimension of parameter space. Further, a suitable stage-hood interface treatment (Multiple Mixing Planes) was chosen to predict the circumferentially non-uniform flow in the exhaust hood at low computational cost. Numerical investigation of the baseline geometry provided insights into the key flow features and loss mechanisms in the exhaust system, over a wide range of operating conditions. In particular, the bearing cone separation was identified as a key source of loss at part-load conditions. The effect of stage-hood interaction on the performance and design of the exhaust system was studied by varying the rotor blade design, which can positively influence system performance. Finally, a global sensitivity study was performed to identify the most influential design parameters of the exhaust hood. These findings allow, for the first time, LP exhaust hood performance maps to be constructed, so that the benefits of choosing a suitable hood geometry and blade design can be revealed. The thesis also offers contribution towards formulating LP exhaust system design guidance for a wide operating range.

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Degen, Marcia J. "Denitrification in low pressure distribution onsite wastewater disposal systems". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29272.

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Rattner, Alexander S. "Single-pressure absorption refrigeration systems for low-source-temperature applications". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53912.

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The diffusion absorption refrigeration (DAR) cycle is a promising technology for fully thermally driven cooling. It is well suited to applications in medicine refrigeration and air-conditioning in off-grid settings. However, design and engineering knowhow for the technology is limited; therefore, system development has historically been an iterative and expensive process. Additionally, conventional system designs require high-grade energy input for operation, and are unsuitable for low-temperature solar- or waste-heat activated applications. In the present effort, component- and system-level DAR engineering analyses are performed. Detailed bubble-pump generator (BPG) component models are developed, and are validated experimentally and with direct simulations. Investigations into the BPG focus on the Taylor flow pattern in the intermediate Bond number regime, which has not yet been thoroughly characterized in the literature, and has numerous industry applications, including nuclear fuel processing and well dewatering. A coupling-fluid heated BPG design is also investigated experimentally for low-source-temperature operation. Phase-change simulation methodologies are developed to rigorously study the continuously developing flow pattern in this BPG configuration. Detailed component-level models are also formulated for all of the other DAR heat and mass exchangers, and are integrated to yield a complete system-level model. Results from these modeling studies are applied to develop a novel fully passive low-source-temperature (110 - 130°C) DAR system that delivers refrigeration grade cooling. This design achieves operation at target conditions through the use of alternate working fluids (NH3-NaSCN-He), the coupling-fluid heated BPG, and a novel absorber configuration. The complete DAR system is demonstrated experimentally, and evaluated over a range of operating conditions. Experimental results are applied to assess and refine component- and system- level models.

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Rouse, Anna Jane. "Fast cycle low pressure drop systems for the separation of COâ‚‚". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406861.

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Cameron, Christopher Alistair. "High-pressure studies on molecular systems at ambient and low temperatures". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9952.

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Pressure and temperature are two environmental variables that are increasingly being exploited by solid-state researchers probing structure-property relationships in the crystalline state. Modern high-pressure apparatus is capable of generating many billions of Pascals in the laboratory, and therefore can produce significantly greater alterations to crystalline materials than changes in temperature, which can typically be varied by only a few thousand Kelvin. Many systems such as single-molecule magnets exhibit interesting properties under low-temperature regimes that can be substantially altered with pressure. The desire by investigators to perform analogous single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies has driven the development of new high-pressure apparatus and techniques designed to accommodate low-temperature environments. [Ni(en)3][NO3]2 undergoes a displacive phase transition from P6322 at ambient pressure to a lower symmetry P6122/P6522 structure between 0.82 and 0.87 GPa, which is characterized by a tripling of the unit cell c axis and the number of molecules per unit cell. The same transition has been previously observed at 108 K. The application of pressure leads to a general shortening of O···H hydrogen bonding interactions in the structure, with the greatest contraction (24%) occurring diagonally between stacks of Ni cation moieties and nitrate anions. A novel Turnbuckle Diamond Anvil Cell designed for high-pressure low-temperature single-crystal X-ray experiments on an open-flow cryostat has been calibrated using the previously reported phase transitions of five compounds: NH4H2PO4 (148 K), ferrocene (164 K), barbituric acid dihydrate (216 K), ammonium bromide (235 K), and potassium nitrite (264 K). From the observed thermal differentials between the reported and observed transition temperatures a linear calibration curve has been constructed that is applicable between ambient-temperature and 148 K. Low-temperature measurements using a thermocouple have been shown to vary significantly depending on the experimental setup for the insertion wire, whilst also adding undesirable thermal energy into the sample chamber which was largely independent of attachment configuration. High-pressure low-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction data of [Mn12O12(O2CMe)16(H2O)4] (known as Mn12OAc) reveals a pressure-induced expulsion of the crystallized acetic acid from the crystal structure and resolution of the Jahn-Teller axes disorder between ambient pressure and 0.87 GPa. These structural changes have been correlated with high-pressure magnetic data indicating the elimination of a slow-relaxing isomer over this pressure range. Further application of pressure to 2.02 GPa leads to the expansion of these Jahn-Teller axes, resulting in an enhancement of the slow-relaxing magnetic anisotropy as observed in the literature. Relaxation of pressure leads to a resolvation of the crystal structure and re-disordering of the Jahn-Teller axes, demonstrating that this structural-magnetic phenomenon is fully reversible with respect to pressure. The space group of the Prussian blue analogue Mn3[Cr(CN)6].15H2O has been re-evaluated as R-3m between ambient pressure and 2.07 GPa using high-pressure single-crystal X-ray and high-pressure neutron powder data. Reductions in metal-metal distances and gradual distortions of the Mn octahedral geometry have been correlated with previously reported increases in Tc and declines in ferrimagnetic moment in the same pressure range. Increasing the applied pressure to 2.97 GPa leads to partial amorphization and results in a loss of long-range magnetic order as shown by the literature. The application of pressure (1.8 GPa) to the structure of K2[Pt(CN)4]Br0.24.3.24H2O (KCP(Br)) causes a reduction in the Pt intra-chain and inter-chain distances, and results in an enhancement of the overall conductivity under these conditions as demonstrated in the literature. Almost no changes occur to the high-pressure crystal structure upon cooling to 4 K, except in the Pt-Pt intra-chain distances which converge and suppress the Peierls distortion known to occur at 4 K, resulting in a comparatively greater electrical conductivity under these conditions.

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Burton, Zoe. "Analysis of low pressure steam turbine diffuser and exhaust hood systems". Thesis, Durham University, 2014. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10531/.

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This thesis concerns the computational modelling of low pressure (LP) steam turbine exhaust hood flows. A test case for LP last stage blades (LSBs) with a full aerodynamic definition and an accompanying exhaust hood was developed which is representative of current industrial practice. The test case geometry is freely available allowing other researchers to build on this work and is the first of its kind. Studies on this Durham Stage and Exhaust Hood Test Case showed the geometry produces a representative flow pattern and performance metrics comparable to other published research. Using the test case, the effect of condenser cooling water pressure gradient on the hood flow was computed for the first time. A generic boundary condition was developed to represent the transverse condenser cooling water flow and, when applied to the test case, was shown to have a larger influence on the flow asymmetry within the hood than the tip leakage jet. This thesis describes the first application of the non-linear harmonic (NLH) method to couple the LSBs to the exhaust hood. This method enabled the circumferential non-uniformity which develops in the exhaust hood to be transferred across the interface to the stage, in half the computational demand of the full annulus frozen rotor approach. The first review of the influence of inlet circumferential asymmetry on the hood flow field highlighted that modelling its effect is not as crucial as indicated in the literature, unless the diffuser axial length is very compact or if off-design flows are to be studied. A series of recommendations and guidelines for the CFD modelling of steam turbine exhaust hood flows based on this work are supplied. Experimental validation of the Durham Stage and Exhaust Hood Test Case and a comparison of full unsteady studies with the NLH method should be the next steps in this research.

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Singleton, Andrew Thomas. "Cut-off low pressure systems and extreme rainfall over South Africa". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6504.

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Includes bibliographical references (p. 257-271).
This thesis is an investigation of cut-off low pressure systems over South Africa. These weather systems have been responsible for many of the flooding disasters that have affected South Africa, particularly the coastal regions, over recent decades. The thesis has two main objectives, namely, to construct a 30-year climatology of cut-off lows over South Africa, and to further understanding of the evolution of the low-level flow that leads to these systems producing extreme quantities of rainfall.

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Kumar, Shivendra. "An Analytical Index for Evaluating Low-Pressure Hollow-Fibre Membrane Systems". Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366948.

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Water and wastewater treatment through the use of membrane filtration technology is one of the processes utilised currently to meet the growing demand for water. While new technologies can harness water from various non-traditional sources such as oceans, there remains the possibility of making drinking water more expensive through the use of costly treatment equipment. To prevent this and ensuing catastrophes around the world, the water industry needs a strategy that keeps the price of water and price of products aiding in the treatment of water controlled into the future. The overall aim of this study is to develop an analytical index that could be used by the water industry to measure, monitor, and control the price of water. A structured method to evaluate membrane manufacturing costs against the lifetime performance of membranes was developed. The method was then extended and a costing model for the application of membrane in water and wastewater treatment plants was established. Thereafter, a software application was developed to aid in the implementation of the analytical index. The results indicate that, with a measurable index in place, the evaluation of technologies with respect to the cost of water production can be effectively carried out.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text

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Thompson, Evan J. "Hydraulics of IDEal Drip Irrigation Systems". DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/296.

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The hydraulics of IDEal drip irrigation system components were analyzed under controlled laboratory conditions and the results can be applied to the design of IDEal systems. The hydraulic loss coefficient for the lateral-submain connector valves was determined based on laboratory measurements. It was found that the hydraulic loss due to friction in the lay-flat laterals can be accurately estimated with standard friction loss equations using a smaller effective diameter based on the wall thickness and inlet pressure head. The equivalent length barb loss, expressed as an equivalent length of lateral, was calculated for button emitters, as well as for micro-tubes inserted to lengths of 5 and 10 cm. It was concluded that the barb loss is essentially constant over the micro-tube insertion range of 5-10 cm. The head-discharge relationship and coefficient of manufacturer's variation of pre-punched lateral holes (without emitters), button emitters, and micro-tubes were characterized. Finally, several IDEal drip irrigation systems in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia were evaluated in the field. Recommendations were given for future research and improvements in the manufacturing, installation, operation, and maintenance of IDEal drip irrigation equipment.

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Książki na temat "Monsoon Low Pressure Systems"

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T, Van Dresar Neil, Hasan Mohammad M i United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., red. A pressure control analysis of cryogenic storage systems. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1991.

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George C. Marshall Space Flight Center., red. Performance assessment of low pressure nuclear thermal propulsion. [Marshall Space Flight Center, Ala.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 1993.

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Jim, Lozier, i AWWA Research Foundation, red. Natural organic matter fouling of low-pressure membrane systems. Denver, CO: Awwa research Foundation, 2008.

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Jim, Lozier, i AWWA Research Foundation, red. Natural organic matter fouling of low-pressure membrane systems. Denver, CO: Awwa research Foundation, 2008.

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Jim, Lozier, i AWWA Research Foundation, red. Natural organic matter fouling of low-pressure membrane systems. Denver, CO: Awwa research Foundation, 2008.

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Winkler, Eric S. Design guidance for shallow trench low pressure pipe systems. Amherst, Mass: Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 2001.

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Hargett, David L. Technical assessment of low-pressure pipe wastewater injection systems. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Engineering Research Laboratory, 1987.

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Jim, Lozier, i AWWA Research Foundation, red. Natural organic matter fouling of low-pressure membrane systems. Denver, CO: Awwa research Foundation, 2008.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Municipal Pollution Control. Office of Water. i Metcalf & Eddy., red. Heat treatment/low pressure oxidation systems: Design and operational considerations. Washington, D.C: Office of Municipal Pollution Control, Office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1985.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Municipal Pollution Control. Office of Water i Metcalf & Eddy, red. Heat treatment/low pressure oxidation systems: Design and operational considerations. Washington, D.C: Office of Municipal Pollution Control, Office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1985.

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Części książek na temat "Monsoon Low Pressure Systems"

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Harrington, Joe. "Low pressure cleaning systems". W Industrial Cleaning Technology, 142–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1870-7_5.

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Franz, Gerhard. "Ion beam systems". W Low Pressure Plasmas and Microstructuring Technology, 269–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85849-2_8.

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van der Wiel, Appo. "Subsystem Integration for Low-Cost Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems". W Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 2003, 271–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76988-0_22.

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Acher, O., S. M. Koch, F. Omnes, M. Defour, B. Drévillon i M. Razeghi. "In Situ Investigation of the Low Pressure MOCVD Growth of Lattice-Mismatched Semiconductors using Reflectance Anisotropy Measurements". W Condensed Systems of Low Dimensionality, 409–33. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1348-9_32.

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Anakal, Sudhir, i P. Sandhya. "Low-Cost IoT Based Spirometer Device with Silicon Pressure Sensor". W Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 153–61. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2475-2_14.

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Hamajima, Syuhei, Naohisa Kawamura i Masaaki Nagatsu. "Low-Temperature Disinfection of Tea Powders Using Non-equilibrium Atmospheric Pressure Plasma". W Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 269–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46490-9_37.

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Hu, Xinyao, Jun Zhao, Yonghao Li, Yingting He i Xingda Qu. "A Low Cost Instrumented Insole to Measure the Center of Pressure During Standing". W Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 293–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70990-1_44.

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Czichos, R., P. Middendorf i T. Bergmann. "Numerical modelling of the residual burst pressure of thick composite pressure vessels after low-velocity impact loading". W Current Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics, Modelling and Design of Structural Systems, 445–51. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003348443-73.

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Czichos, R., P. Middendorf i T. Bergmann. "Numerical modelling of the residual burst pressure of thick composite pressure vessels after low-velocity impact loading". W Current Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics, Modelling and Design of Structural Systems, 157–58. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003348450-73.

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Zulkifli, R. M., M. A. M. Nawi, M. I. Ishak, M. U. Rosli, S. N. A. Ahmad Termizi, C. Y. Khor i M. A. Faris. "Influence of Twisted Blades Distributor Towards Low Pressure Drop in Fluidization Systems". W Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 703–11. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0866-7_59.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Monsoon Low Pressure Systems"

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Herrmann, Cal C. "High-Recovery Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis". W International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/921353.

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Crisan, Titus E., Madalin I. Ardelean, Bogdan Tebrean i Tudor Oltean. "Low Cost Foot Pressure Measuring Device". W 2021 9th International Conference on Modern Power Systems (MPS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mps52805.2021.9492694.

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Mahale, Bhoopesh P., Dhananjay Bodas i S. A. Gangal. "Development of PVdF based pressure sensor for low pressure application". W 2011 IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nems.2011.6017441.

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Ishida, H., M. Ohshima, T. Shimoda i A. Shiraishi. "Development of Low Pressure Membrane Distillation Water Processor". W International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/981713.

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Rygalov, Vadim Ye, Ray A. Bucklin, Alan E. Drysdale, Philip A. Fowler i Raymond M. Wheeler. "Low Pressure Greenhouse Concepts for Mars: Atmospheric Composition". W International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-2392.

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Keller, Nathan, i Monika Ivantysynova. "A New Approach to Sizing Low Pressure Systems". W ASME/BATH 2017 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2017-4344.

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Closed-circuit hydraulic systems, like hydrostatic transmissions and Displacement Controlled (DC) architecture systems, require an integrated low-pressure system. These low-pressure systems provide several important functions to the hydraulic system. They prevent cavitation, provide cooling flow through the cooler, replenish the hydraulic system with cool oil, assist in the oil filtration process, provide pressure to the hydraulic unit control systems and, in the case of DC systems with differential cylinders, balance the unequal cylinder flow. Traditionally, the sizing of low-pressure systems is accomplished using a static sizing approach. In this approach, a constant efficiency of the hydraulic units is assumed, and the system is operating at a maximum power condition. The result is often an oversized charge pump and accumulator, if one is present. A dynamic sizing method has been developed using MATLAB/Simulink® with high fidelity empirical loss models for hydraulic displacement machines. Using realistic duty cycles for hydraulic systems and measured data, the low-pressure system can be accurately sized. Dynamically sizing low-pressure systems reduce parasitic losses on the prime mover because of smaller pump sizes, thus freeing power to be used elsewhere. Another concept presented in this work is the possibility of isolating the hydraulic unit control pressure supply and the low-pressure system. Realistic examples have been simulated to demonstrate the power savings of dynamically sizing low-pressure systems.

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Shapero, Aubrey, i Yu-Chong Tai. "Parylene-oil-encapsulated low-drift implantable pressure sensors". W 2018 IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memsys.2018.8346478.

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Haight, Andrea E., Craig E. Green i Baratunde A. Cola. "Vertically aligned carbon nanotube based thermal interface materials for low contact pressure and low ambient pressure applications". W 2016 15th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itherm.2016.7517692.

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Jacobs, Scott, Eli Liebermann i Chaim Babad. "Altitude Performance Test Results for Low Pressure Turbine Mounted Generator". W Power Systems Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-3056.

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Leonida, Andrei, James F. McElroy i Roger N. Sexauer. "A Low Pressure Electrolyzer for the Next Generation Submarine". W International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/921125.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Monsoon Low Pressure Systems"

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Pastukhov, V. P., V. I. Ilgisonis i A. A. Subbotin. Low beta equilibrium and stability for anisotropic pressure closed field line plasma confinement systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maj 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10161245.

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Johannes, J., T. Bartel, D. Sears i J. Payne. Gemini: A hybrid plasma modelling capability for low pressure systems. User`s manual - V.1.7. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), październik 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/399683.

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Olsen i Willson. L51916 Pressure Based Parametric Emission Monitoring Systems (PEMS). Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), kwiecień 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010181.

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The natural gas industry operates over 8000 stationary large bore (bore greater than 14 in) natural gas engines for natural gas compression on pipelines and power generation. As emissions regulations become increasingly more stringent, the need for low cost methods for compliance demonstration arises. A PEMS model is one such approach. Research in this area has increased significantly during the last decade. PEMS models for this application utilize parameters commonly measured on industrial engines in the field to predict engine-out emissions. Monitoring emissions in this manner represents a significant cost savings over the periodic use of chemiluminescence NOX analyzers, which are not standard equipment in natural gas compressor stations. PEMS model accuracy is dependent on the quality of the input data, both the training NOX measurements and the selection of input parameters. Hence, it is important to have both reliable data measurement methods and an understanding of engine operating parameters relation to NOX. This work is part of the body of work referred to as the Integrated Test Plan (ITP), performed at the Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory (EECL). This report details an investigation into Parametric Emissions Monitoring System (PEMS) models. It is the final document to be delivered under the ITP program. Much of the work performed under the ITP program focused on Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) research. However, the emphasis of the PEMS work is on the prediction of oxides of nitrogen (NOX) emissions from large bore natural gas engines. In this work two different PEMS models are developed, a semi-empirical model and a neural network model. The semi-empirical model is based on general relationships between NOX emissions and engine parameters, but contains empirical constants that are determined based on the best fit to engine experimental data. The neural network model utilizes a similar set of input parameters, but relies on the neural network code to determine the relationships between input parameters and measured NOX emissions. The neural network model also contains empirical constants. The mathematics involved in both models is described. A single term semi-empirical model, which has been utilized in the literature as a PEMS model, is applied for comparative purposes.

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Parkins. L51623 Environment Sensitive Cracking (Low pH Stress-Corrosion Cracking) of High Pressure Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), sierpień 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010308.

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This is a review of the current situation relating to transgranular environment sensitive cracking of the type experienced on an in-service pipeline, by comparison with the commoner intergranular cracking experienced on many systems. It is probable that the cracking is not unique. Quite apart from the crack paths, there are other significant differences between the conditions in which the two types of cracking occur, particularly in relation to the environments involved, and sufficiently so to indicate that the mechanisms of cracking are different. The circumstances in which the two types of environment form are discussed. If the creation of a reliable model for practical application to transgranular cracking is to be achieved, there is need for data relating to the effects of stressing conditions upon the crack nucleation and� growth rates of such cracks and of the circumstances in which these cracks coalesce.

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Douglas, D. G., R. F. Wise, J. W. Starr i J. W. Jr Maresca. Leak testing plan for the Oak Ridge National Laboratory liquid low-level waste systems (active tanks): Revision 2. Volume 1: Regulatory background and plan approach; Volume 2: Methods, protocols, and schedules; Volume 3: Evaluation of the ORNL/LT-823DP differential pressure leak detection method; Appendix to Revision 2: DOE/EPA/TDEC correspondence. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), listopad 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/34317.

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Johra, Hicham. Performance overview of caloric heat pumps: magnetocaloric, elastocaloric, electrocaloric and barocaloric systems. Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, styczeń 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau467469997.

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Heat pumps are an excellent solution to supply heating and cooling for indoor space conditioning and domestic hot water production. Conventional heat pumps are typically electrically driven and operate with a vapour-compression thermodynamic cycle of refrigerant fluid to transfer heat from a cold source to a warmer sink. This mature technology is cost-effective and achieves appreciable coefficients of performance (COP). The heat pump market demand is driven up by the urge to improve the energy efficiency of building heating systems coupled with the increase of global cooling needs for air-conditioning. Unfortunately, the refrigerants used in current conventional heat pumps can have a large greenhouse or ozone-depletion effect. Alternative gaseous refrigerants have been identified but they present some issues regarding toxicity, flammability, explosivity, low energy efficiency or high cost. However, several non-vapour-compression heat pump technologies have been invented and could be promising alternatives to conventional systems, with potential for higher COP and without the aforementioned refrigerant drawbacks. Among those, the systems based on the so-called “caloric effects” of solid-state refrigerants are gaining large attention. These caloric effects are characterized by a phase transition varying entropy in the material, resulting in a large adiabatic temperature change. This phase transition is induced by a variation of a specific external field applied to the solid refrigerant. Therefore, the magnetocaloric, elastocaloric, electrocaloric and barocaloric effects are adiabatic temperature changes in specific materials when varying the magnetic field, uniaxial mechanical stress, electrical field or hydrostatic pressure, respectively. Heat pump cycle can be built from these caloric effects and several heating/cooling prototypes were developed and tested over the last few decades. Although not a mature technology yet, some of these caloric systems are well suited to become new efficient and sustainable solutions for indoor space conditioning and domestic hot water production. This technical report (and the paper to which this report is supplementary materials) aims to raise awareness in the building community about these innovative caloric systems. It sheds some light on the recent progress in that field and compares the performance of caloric systems with that of conventional vapour-compression heat pumps for building applications.

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Parkins, R. N., i R. R. Fessler. NG-18-85-R01 Line Pipe Stress Corrosion Cracking Mechanisms and Remedies. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), marzec 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012143.

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Stress corrosion cracking of line pipe from the soil side involves slow crack growth at stresses which may be as low as half the yield strength, this slow crack growth continuing until the crack penetrates the wall to produce a leak or until the stress intensity on the uncracked ligament reaches the value for a fast fracture to penetrate the wall thickness. The controlling parameters that contribute to the mechanism of failure, essentially involving growth by dissolution in the grain boundary regions, are, as with other systems displaying such failure, electrochemical, mechanical, and metallurgical, acting conjointly. Electrochemical influences relate to environment composition, potential, and its variation under disbonded coatings and temperature, whilst mechanical factors of significance include pressure variations, and their time dependence, as well as maximum pressure. Metallurgical parameters, whilst not yet fully understood, including those aspects of steel composition and structure that influence grain boundary composition and the microplasticity associated with load changes, as well as surface condition, e.g. the presence or otherwise of mill scale. These controlling parameters indicate the remedial measures available for control of the problem, although some, for practical or economic reasons, are not invariably applicable. Thus, control by metallurgical approaches or through coatings or manipulation of the surface conditions is only applicable to future lines, but for those already in existence lowering the temperature, limiting pressure fluctuations and more precise control of cathodic protection should help alleviate the problem.

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Lee, Wall i Worsley. PR-398-113719-R01 Technologies for Monitoring Erosion Corrosion and Direct Inspection of Subsea Assets. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), styczeń 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010570.

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This Final Report prepared by ESR Technology Ltd., provides the results of a study on subsea pipeline erosion and corrosion monitoring. The report is therefore split into two parts. The first part deals with monitoring erosion and corrosion, subsea; and the second part is on direct inspection techniques to monitor wall thickness loss. Generally, Subsea equipment is significantly more difficult to inspect than topside or land-based equipment and the study recognizes that many challenges and technology gaps remain. Sand, produced from oil and gas wells, can cause erosion and erosion/corrosion of subsea production systems and presents a number of threats to the safe reliable and economic operation of a facility. Sand control systems (e.g. sand screens) are used to prevent or limit sand production and therefore prevent erosion. In some developments, however, downhole sand control is not feasible and sand production may occur leading to erosion of the flowlines, pipes and equipment. Since erosion is strongly linked to flow velocity at bend points, erosion damage is principally a concern of equipment downstream of the wellhead (where the operating pressure is low) rather than being associated with damage to the well tubing (where operating pressure is relatively high but the flow path is predominantly straight). The goal of this research project is to screen current and potential techniques that provide a direct measure of loss of pipe wall thickness, rather than indirect measurement (e.g. erosion and corrosion probes, acoustic sand and electric field corrosion monitors). Such techniques should also be capable of being embarked on AUV, snake like robots, mini ROV etc.

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Kingston, A. W., i O. H. Ardakani. Diagenetic fluid flow and hydrocarbon migration in the Montney Formation, British Columbia: fluid inclusion and stable isotope evidence. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330947.

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The Montney Formation in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada is an early Triassic siltstone currently in an active diagenetic environment at depths greater than 1,000 m, but with maximum burial depths potentially exceeding 5,000 m (Ness, 2001). It has undergone multiple phases of burial and uplift and there is strong evidence for multiple generations of hydrocarbon maturation/migration. Understanding the origin and history of diagenetic fluids within these systems helps to unravel the chemical changes that have occurred since deposition. Many cores taken near the deformation front display abundant calcite-filled fractures including vertical or sub-vertical, bedding plane parallel (beefs), and brecciated horizons with complex mixtures of vertical and horizontal components. We analyzed vertical and brecciated horizons to assess the timing and origin of fluid flow and its implications for diagenetic history of the Montney Fm. Aqueous and petroleum bearing fluid inclusions were observed in both vertical and brecciated zones; however, they did not occur in the same fluid inclusion assemblages. Petroleum inclusions occur as secondary fluid inclusions (e.g. in healed fractures and along cleavage planes) alongside primary aqueous inclusions indicating petroleum inclusions post-date aqueous inclusions and suggest multiple phases of fluid flow is recorded within these fractures. Raman spectroscopy of aqueous inclusions also display no evidence of petroleum compounds supporting the absence or low abundance of petroleum fluids during the formation of aqueous fluid inclusions. Pressure-corrected trapping temperatures (&gt;140°C) are likely associated with the period of maximum burial during the Laramide orogeny based on burial history modelling. Ice melt temperatures of aqueous fluid inclusions are consistent with 19% NaCl equiv. brine and eutectic temperatures (-51°C) indicate NaCl-CaCl2 composition. Combined use of aqueous and petroleum fluid inclusions in deeply buried sedimentary systems offers a promising tool for better understanding the diagenetic fluid history and helps constrain the pressure-temperature history important for characterizing economically important geologic formations.

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Lever, James, Emily Asenath-Smith, Susan Taylor i Austin Lines. Assessing the mechanisms thought to govern ice and snow friction and their interplay with substrate brittle behavior. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), grudzień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/1168142742.

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Sliding friction on ice and snow is characteristically low at temperatures common on Earth’s surface. This slipperiness underlies efficient sleds, winter sports, and the need for specialized tires. Friction can also play micro-mechanical role affecting ice compressive and crushing strengths. Researchers have proposed several mechanisms thought to govern ice and snow friction, but directly validating the underlying mechanics has been difficult. This may be changing, as instruments capable of micro-scale measurements and imaging are now being brought to bear on friction studies. Nevertheless, given the broad regimes of practical interest (interaction length, temperature, speed, pressure, slider properties, etc.), it may be unrealistic to expect that a single mechanism accounts for why ice and snow are slippery. Because bulk ice, and the ice grains that constitute snow, are solids near their melting point at terrestrial temperatures, most research has focused on whether a lubricating water film forms at the interface with a slider. However, ice is extremely brittle, and dry-contact abrasion and wear at the front of sliders could prevent or delay a transition to lubricated contact. Also, water is a poor lubricant, and lubricating films thick enough to separate surface asperities may not form for many systems of interest. This article aims to assess our knowledge of the mechanics underlying ice and snow friction.

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