Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Monografies del Museu de Ciències Naturals”

Abstract In 2009, the Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona launched a new permanent exhibit that included removal and restoration of a landmark piece, a fin whale skeleton, and complete redesign of its assembly structure. In this paper we present the process and results of documenting the piece before the dismantling procedure. A graphic record was created as part of the restoration process, which secondarily served as an important source of information for designing the new mounting system. A detailed visual examination of the skeleton revealed problems in the preservation of the bone. The results of the preparatory examinations proved useful for planning a new preventive conservation program for the piece in its new location.

The results of the conservation work carried out on an exhibition set-up dating from the early twentieth century are presented. The exhibition set-up consists of a wooden showcase containing about twenty evaporite rocks from the collection of the Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona (Spain). The work involved the remedial conservation of the rock specimens and showcase, and the improvement of the original environmental control system using sustainability criteria. An interdisciplinary team worked on the different phases of the project, which included prior historical and environmental studies. The remedial conservation of all elements in the collection has improved its accessibility and the monitoring of the environmental conditions of the new installation has confirmed the efficiency of the proposed passive environmental control system.

Guaitacargols és un projecte adreçat a centres d’educació secundària que proposa fer un estudi de la biodiversitat de cargols terrestres en espais propers als centres. La iniciativa és impulsada pel Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona (MCNB), afavoreix el treball en xarxa amb el personal docent participant i compta amb l’acompanyament expert de l’Associació Catalana de Malacologia (ACM). El projecte apropa l’alumnat a la metodologia científica a través d’un estudi de camp real i inclou la filosofia de la ciència ciutadana, tot posant en valor la participació democratitzada de la ciutadania en la construcció del coneixement científic. Arran de la formació i les eines aportades pel MCNB i l’ACM, els equips docents de l’Institut ca n’Oriac (Sabadell) i de I’Institut Moianès (Moià) han dissenyat seqüències educatives que desenvolupen competències i continguts científics a partir del context dels cargols terrestres. Les dades obtingudes amb el treball de camp i la seva posterior identificació han estat validades científicament.

219Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 35.2 (2012)© 2012 Museu de Ciències Naturals de BarcelonaISSN: 1578–665XRosell, C. & Llimona, F., 2012. Human–wildlife interactions. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, 35.2: 219–220. The nature of wildlife management throughout the world is changing. The increase in the world’s human population has been accompanied by a rapid expansion of agricultural and urban areas and infrastructures, especially road and railway networks. Worldwide, wildlife habitats are being transformed and fragmented by human activities, and the behavior of several species has changed as a result of human activities. Some species have adapted easily to urban or peri–urban habitats and take advantage of the new resources available. These data provide the context for why human–wildlife interactions are increasing. At the 30th International Union of Game Biologists Congress held in Barcelona in early September 2011, in addition to two plenary presentations, 52 authors from 12 different countries and three continents presented 15 papers in the Interactions of Humans and Wildlife Session, three of which are included in this volume. To some extent, all the papers reflected the inherent difficulty in solving the complex problems caused either by rapidly increasing species that begin to inhabit urban and agricultural areas in numbers not seen previously (e.g. coyo-tes, Canis latrans, inhabiting big cities; wild boar, Sus scrofa, across western Europe; wood pigeons, Columba palumbus, in France), or species whose populations are threatened by human activities (e.g., Eurasian Lynx, Lynx lynx, in the Czech Republic). Some papers addressed the contentious issue of predator control (e.g., gamebirds in Great Britain), while others presented data regarding how human activities influenced animal behavior (e.g., pink footed geese, Anser brachyrhynchus; and red deer, Cervus elaphus, in Germany). The papers presented at the congress show how human activities affect the distributions and dynamics of wildlife populations and also change the behavior of some species. Wildlife causes social and economic con-flicts by damaging agricultural and forest resources, bringing about traffic collisions, and creating problems for residents in urban areas; while many are increasingly distant from nature and may not accept the presence of wildlife others may actively encourage the presence of wild animals. The first paper in this volume, by Cahill et al. (2012), analyzes the management challenges of the increasing abundance of wild boar in the peri–urban area of Barcelona. This conflict has arisen in other large cities in Europe and elsewhere. The presence of the species causes problems for many residents, to such an extent that it is considered a pest in these areas. Wild boar habituation has not only been facilitated by population expansion, but also by the attitudes of some citizens who encourage their presence by direct feeding. This leads to wild boar behavior modification and also promotes an increase in the fertility rate of habituated females, which are significantly heavier than non–habituated females. Public attitudes regarding the species and harvesting methods (at present most specimens are removed by live capture and subsequently sacrificed) are highlighted as one of the key factors in the management of the conflict. The second paper provides an example of how the distribution of irrigated croplands influences wild boar roadkills in NW Spain (Colino–Rabanal et al., 2012). By modeling the spatial distribution of wild boar collisions with vehicles and using generalized additive models based on GIS, the authors show that the number of roadkills is higher in maize croplands than in forested areas. This factor is the main explanatory variable in the model. The paper provides an excellent example of how the synergies of diverse human elements in the landscape (maize croplands and roads in this case) affect the location and dimensions of these types of conflicts. The third and final paper, by Belotti et al. (2012), addresses the effects of tourism on Eurasian lynx movements and prey usage at Šumava National Park in the Czech Republic. The monitoring of 5 GPS–collared lynxes and analyses of data regarding habitat features suggests that human disturbance (proximity of roads and tourist trails) can modify the presence of lynxes during the day close to the site where they have hidden a prey item, such as an ungulate, that can provide them with food for several days. In such cases, adequate management of tourism development must involve a commitment to species conservation. The analyses and understanding of all these phenomena and the design of successful wildlife management strategies and techniques used to mitigate the conflicts require a good knowledge base that considers informa-tion both about wildlife and human attitudes. The papers presented stress the importance of spatial analyses of the interactions and their relationship with landscape features and the location of human activities. Species distribution and abundance are related to important habitat variables such as provision of shelter, food, comfor-table spaces, and an appropriate climate. Therefore, it is essential to analyze these data adequately to predict where conflicts are most likely to arise and to design successful mitigation strategies. The second key factor for adequate management of human–wildlife interactions is to monitor system change. An analysis of the variety of data on population dynamics, hunting, wildlife collisions, and wildlife presence in urban areas would provide a basis for adaptive management. In this respect, in the plenary session, Steve Redpath mentioned the importance of the wildlife biologist’s attitude when interpreting and drawing conclusions from recorded data and stressed the importance of conducting clear, relevant, and transparent science for participants involved in the management decision process, which often involves a high number of stakeholders. All of the papers addressing the problems associated with human wildlife interactions were characterized by a common theme. Regardless of the specific nature of the problem, the public was generally divided on how the problem should be addressed. A particularly sensitive theme was that of population control methods, especially when conflicts are located in peri–urban areas. Several presenters acknowledged that public participation was necessary if a solution was to be reached. Some suggested, as have other authors (Heydon et al., 2010), that a legislative framework may be needed to reconcile human and wildlife interests. However, each problem that was presented appeared to involve multiple stakeholders with different opinions. Solving these kinds of problems is not trivial. Social factors strongly influence perceptions of human–wildlife conflicts but the methods used to mitigate these conflicts often take into account technical aspects but not people’s attitudes. A new, more innovative and interdisciplinary approach to mitigation is needed to allow us 'to move from conflict towards coexistence' (Dickman, 2010). Other authors also mentioned the importance of planning interventions that optimize the participation of experts, policy makers, and affected communities and include the explicit, systematic, and participatory evaluation of the costs and benefits of alternative interventions (Treves et al., 2009). One technique that has been used to solve problems like these is termed Structured Decision Making (SDM). This technique was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. As described by Runge et al. (2009), the process is 'a formal application of common sense for situations too complex for the informal use of common sense', and provides a rational framework and techniques to aid in prescriptive decision making. Fundamentally, the process entails defining a problem, deciding upon the objectives, considering the alternative actions and the consequences for each, using the available science to develop a model (the plan), and then making the decision how to implement (Runge et al., 2009). Although complex, SDM uses a facilitator to guide stakeholders through the process to reach a mutually agreed–upon plan of action. It is clear that human–wildlife interactions are inherently complex because many stakeholders are usually involved. A rational approach that incorporates all interested parties would seem to be a productive way of solving these kinds of problems

La col·laboració establerta entre el Museu Agbar de les Aigües i el Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona des de l’any 2006, a la qual s’afegeix poc després el Grup de Recerca Còmplex del Departament de Didàctica de la Matemàtica i les Ciències Experimentals de la UAB, ha generat activitats diverses i un model de formació d’educadors i educadores de museus i centres de ciència desenvolupat al llarg de quatre anys. Tècnics d’aquestes tres institucions van configurar el Grup de Treball d’Educació en Museus i Centres de Ciència (GTEMC), que s’ha consolidat amb una tasca de llarg recorregut que ha permès construir el model didàctic que es presenta en aquest llibre. Aquest volum està adreçat als museus i centres de ciència i, en particular, als seus departaments educatius. El contingut, però, depassa aquest àmbit i té interès per al conjunt de museus i agents educatius perquè el museu educa i ho fa des de la complicitat amb tots els agents implicats en l’aprenentatge al llarg de la vida dels ciutadans. Conté exemples d’activitats per a tots els públics, si bé el món escolar s’enduu la major part del protagonisme. El model didàctic presentat es fonamenta en la didàctica de les ciències i en altres tradicions disciplinàries que influeixen en l’educació en els museus per configurar propostes adequades a públics diversos. Com a responsables de les tres institucions promotores, ens satisfà poder presentar aquest volum que obre perspectives noves i diverses. Les aliances institucionals han permès que el sector públic i el privat, el món acadèmic i el professional, comparteixin objectius en la generació i difusió del coneixement. Ara bé, darrere de les institucions i dels projectes hi ha persones. Per això reconeixem l’alt grau de compromís i responsabilitat d’aquelles persones que han fet possible la publicació. En un moment en què necessitem noves regles per posicionar-nos en el context social, aquest grup ens mostra com la recerca de coneixement, l’aprenentatge i la cooperació orientada a l’excel·lència són valors absolutament vigents. Amb la col·lecció Manuals del Museu, el Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona vol continuar la tasca començada el segle passat per la Junta de Ciències Naturals amb l’objectiu de posar el seu bagatge en museologia i museografia a disposició de la societat. La Junta va publicar a partir de l’any 1917 la col·lecció Musei Barcinonensis Scientiarum Naturalium Opera (des de 1919 Treballs del Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, que encara es continua publicant), configurada per un seguit de manuals sobre temes lligats a l’activitat del Museu. Anava dirigida a “aquelles persones que per sa professió resideixen en diversos indrets de nostra terra o viatgen per fòra en contacte directe amb la naturalesa i vulguin contribuir a la nostra obra científica i de cultura”. Durant el primer any (1917) es van publicar nou volums d’instruccions concretes sobre preparació, recol·lecció i recerca disponibles a la biblioteca del Museu. Manuals del Museu, però, amplia el camp de la publicació de la qual és hereva i, més enllà de les col·leccions i la recerca, arriba fins a temàtiques com per exemple l’educació, les exposicions o la sostenibilitat, amb la qual cosa recull la fructífera col·laboració entre les tres institucions que tant valorem i tants fruits està donant.

Catalog of the petrological collection of Pere Antiga i Sunyer (1854-1904) of the Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona The didactic collections of natural sciences are an excellent resource for teaching at any educational level. In the 19th century, Pere Antiga i Sunyer treasured collections for the Antiga School, which he ran since it was inherited from his father. In 1888, when the school was closed, the collections were sold to the Martorell Museum, currently the Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona. The collection catalogue consisted of 100 specimens with their corresponding lithological description and localities. The curator of Petrology at that time, Maximino San Miguel de la Cámara, reviewed and registered 97 of these 100 specimens. Nowadays, only 47 records are preserved from the Antiga collection that have been studied and documented again. In the present study we detail the complete catalogue of the Antiga collection that includes the lithological description, the locality and the most relevant features of each sample.

Conservation and conditioning of the salts showcase of the Museu Martorell (Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona): 1921-2018 The Cardona salts showcase was built and designed in 1921 by Francesc Pardillo. Located at the Museu Martorell building (Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona) it exposes and preserves a collection of salt rocks from the Cardona Salt Mountain. These specimens were donated at the end of 19th century by Ms. Casilda de Salabert i Arteaga (Medinaceli Duchess) and Mr. Miguel De Elías Marchal and represent a collection with a significant heritage and historic value. Due to the trace of time and the lack of conditioning interventions, this showcase did not preserve the samples in optimal conditions. The specimens began an alteration process interacting with high relative humidity, also generating the general degradation of the showcase furniture. In order to stop this degradation, it has been carried out an integral conditioning of this showcase but also of the salt specimens. This process has been executed respecting the original design of the showcase and carrying out the minimum intervention into the rock samples. In addition, a new passive and sustainable system to control environmental conditions has been set up to maintain optimal humidity conditions. This action stopped the degradation of the showcase as well as the specimens and guarantees their preservation over time.

Tenim el plaer de presentar el volum 2 de la col·lecció Manuals del Museu, hereva de la col·lecció Treballs del Museu de Ciències Naturals publicada per la Junta de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona a partir de l’any 1917. Manuals del Museu es va crear per donar a conèixer treballs sobre museologia i museografia que siguin rellevants i puguin ser d’utilitat per als professionals del sector. Aquesta publicació, el segon volum, és una coedició del Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona i l’Institut Botànic de Barcelona. Ha estat coordinada per Neus Ibáñez, Josep Maria Camarasa i Eulàlia Garcia Franquesa i recull amb gran detall totes les tasques que s’han dut a terme a les peces integrants del gabinet Salvador: restauració, conservació preventiva, documentació i recerca. L’Ajuntament de Barcelona, l’Institut Botànic de Barcelona i el Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona han tingut un paper cabdal en la preservació i obertura del gabinet de curiositats de la família Salvador, que va esdevenir una de les col·leccions d’història natural més importants d’Europa durant els segles XVII i XVIII i una de les poques que es conserva en un únic espai després de la incorporació, l’any 2013, de la resta d’elements que encara estaven emmagatzemats a la Masia de la Bleda. Els esforços d’aquestes institucions i dels seus treballadors, des de Pius Font i Quer i Ignasi de Sagarra, que van establir els primers contactes amb la família, fins a Antoni de Bolòs, els successius directors i conservadors de l’Institut Botànic i nombrosos especialistes i col·laboradors, s’han vist recompensats finalment amb l’obertura d’aquest llegat a la comunitat científica i al públic en general. La formació dels membres de la família Salvador, apotecaris amb sòlids coneixements de botànica, va donar lloc a una col·lecció amb contingut fortament esbiaixat cap als organismes vegetals, fet que va resultar definitiu a l’hora de despertar l’interès dels botànics i de decidir ubicar el Gabinet a l’Institut Botànic de Barcelona centre mixt de l’Ajuntament de Barcelona – la institució propietària de les col·leccions– i el Consell Superior d’Investigacions Científiques (CSIC). Els gabinets de curiositats constitueixen, sens dubte, un llegat patrimonial, però també són el testimoni de l’inici de la ciència moderna basada en l’observació i l’experiència. Aquestes col·leccions són font de recerca per als investigadors, d’inspiració per als artistes i de desenvolupament cultural per a la ciutadania. Treballar per posar-los a disposició del públic és sens dubte una obligació de les institucions que els posseeixen, obligació que en aquest cas hem complert amb la màxima il·lusió i que ara ens omple d’orgull. Volem agrair a les moltes persones que, des de la seva creació fins avui, han estat implicades en l’adquisició, conservació i estudi del Gabinet Salvador, la seva feina, professionalitat i dedicació. I avui especialment a tots aquells el treball dels quals queda recollit en aquesta publicació que constitueix ja una nova i valuosa eina.

Society’s fascination for fossils and the methodology followed for palaeontological work allows to raise awareness about the scientific labour of Palaeontology, and regarding the importance of Geoconservation. Outreach, along with Didactics, are efficient tools to transmit to society knowledge concerning the History of Earth and Life, and about the relevance of Natural Heritage conservation. allowing a meaningful learning towards these topics. An ideal environment to undertake palaeontological didactic and outreach activities for children and adults is the Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona (MCNB), that disposes of a growing Palaeontological Didactic Collection, which includes fossils and replicas. In this work various didactic workshops have been proposed, regarding different Natural Science disciplines, and including activities presented as file cards in which the recommended age of participants, needed resources, explanations of the development of the activity, and observations to adapt them to different educational needs or levels are specified. In addition, an evaluation method for these workshops is also proposed, in order to adapt them in the future. Therefore, this proposal has the main objective of widening the offer of didact activities at the MCNB, in addition of being an example for other Natural History institutions which would like to incorporate meaningful learning experiences to their main scientific communication tasks.

We present a geographical distribution map of Bulinus truncatus based on historical and current localities in Spain and Portugal, that corresponds to the risk map of urogenital schistosomiasis for this freshwater snail. We reviewed samples of the species deposited at the Museu de Ciències Naturals of Barcelona and the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales of Madrid, together with our own data, including some unpublished contributions. This map will help determine the optimal area for this species and identify areas of greatest risk for urogenital schistosomiasis in the two countries. We emphasize that global change and climate change may favour the presence of both the vector (B. truncatus) and the parasite (Schistosoma haematobium) in Spain and Portugal.

Se muestran los resultados de las intervenciones realizadas por el Laboratorio de Conservación Preventiva y Restauración del Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona (MCNB) sobre la colección de modelos de frutas del Gabinete Salvador, un gabinete de curiosidades del s XVII. Los tratamientos han logrado mejorar el estado de conservación de un gran número de modelos, elaborados principalmente con cera y papel, permitiendo su determinación taxonómica por parte de un especialista. En algunas piezas seleccionadas para ser expuestas, se ha mejorado además su legibilidad mediante el retoque de la capa pictórica. La totalidad de las intervenciones han tenido en cuenta la principal característica de la colección: el carácter científico de la misma.

We provide a detailed list of the 182 taxa and 2,836 specimens of Scarabaeoidea (families Geotrupidae, Glaphyridae, Hybosoridae, Lucanidae, Scarabaeidae and Trogidae) from Palaearctic Africa. All information associated with each specimen is now available in the MCNB open collections and GBIF platform. Reference is also provided regarding the historical context in which the collection began and the main collectors who made it possible. Data published through GBIF (Doi: 10.15468/dl.3rbjve)

Catalogue of the Santonian rudists from the La Cadière-d’Azur Formation (Le Beausset Basin, SE France) of the Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona The inventory and revision of the 162 catalogue numbers of rudist bivalves from the Lower Santonian of the La Cadière-d’Azur Formation (Le Beausset basin, SE France) has allowed identifying 17 species. The specimens, kept in the palaeontology collections of the MCNB, come from some rudist classical localities in the region such as Moulin de la Roque, Le Castellet, La Cadière-d’Azur and Le Beausset. The recognized species are Hippuritella maestrei (Vidal), Hippuritella toucasi(d’Orbigny), Hippurites matheroni Douvillé, Hippurites socialis Douvillé, Hippurites sublaevis Matheron, Pseudovaccinites beaussetensis (Toucas), Pseudovaccinites galloprovincialis (Matheron), Biradiolites acuticostatus (d’Orbigny), Biradiolites angulosissimus Toucas, Biradiolites fissicostatus d’Orbigny, Bournonia excavata (d’Orbigny), Praeradiolites caderensis Toucas, Praeradiolites toucasi (d’Orbigny), Radiolites galloprovincialis Matheron, Radiolites squamosus d’Orbigny, Plagioptychus aguilloni (d’Orbigny) and an indeterminate requienid. Among them, H. maestrei is cited for the first time in the region, while others have already been reported in the Le Beausset basin outcrops by previous studies.

The Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona (MCNB) holds a collection of ca. 130,000 digitally registered zoological specimens collected around the world and dating from 1852 to the present. Specimens are shared between non-arthropod invertebrates (32% of the collection), arthropod invertebrates (39%) and vertebrates (29%). The museum recognizes georeferencing as a crucial process for mobilising its collections into digitally accessible information and has provisioned resources in an ongoing georeferencing process for more than 10 years. The aim of this poster is to show how a bottom-up model benefits the georeferencing work. Site names as written by collectors in specimen tags need to be converted into spatial coordinates with precision and uncertainty information. In order to guide this process, the research community has provided a set of georeferencing protocols and recommendations which start with the physical tagged specimen and end with a digital record in a public biodiversity database. In addition, having direct knowledge of the territory where the tagged locality lies and access to the most precise local cartography helps to ensure that a high quality georeferenced digital record can be created. Many localities described in specimen tags carry place names which cannot be found or correctly derived from small scale maps or digital map resources such as Google Maps. Often, it is necessary to have access to more locally detailed cartography and, sometimes, historical cartography. Therefore, we recommend that this is added to existing protocols, and that institutions from different geographical areas to pull together their efforts in order to create a federated list of georeferenced site names. This would be a more efficient strategy of generating better quality gazetteers, streamlining efforts and making more efficient use of the collective resources since many tagged site names are the same for different specimens across multiple collections. The georeferencing process is ultimately dependent on the cartography available to the georeferencer at the moment of converting the tagged collection event into a digital record. A georeference record may be subject to future improvements in future georeferencing revisions. Newly available cartography or methods of reporting location and uncertainty may lead to a revision of any given georeferenced record. Thus, any federated databasing effort to list georeferenced site names should include versioning capabilities. In order to address the need to incorporate expert knowledge into georeferecing efforts, alongside versioning site names, the MCNB has developed a software platform tool. This platform, called Georef, is implemented as a web application with storage, querying, editing and visualizing capabilities for both site names and the cartographic resources used in the georeferencing process. Georef is now also used by other institutions from the Western Mediterranean basin with which MCNB shares data and local knowledge. A public API has been developed for accessing the georeferenced sites and to support a crowd-sourced tool which allows the public to comment and propose edits to location data. Ultimately, this tool improves the quality of the georeferencing and research using these data.