Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Monasteries of Germany”
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Campbell, Ian. "McInally, A Saltire in the German Lands: Scottish Benedictine Monasteries in Germany 1575–1862". Scottish Historical Review 99, nr 2 (październik 2020): 311–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2020.0470.
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Scott, Abbot Geoffrey. "Thomas McInally, A Saltire in the German Lands: Scottish Benedictine Monasteries in Germany 1575–1862". Innes Review 69, nr 2 (listopad 2018): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/inr.2018.0186.
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Janotík, Tomáš. "Empirical Analysis of Life Satisfaction in Female Benedictine Monasteries in Germany". Revue économique 67, nr 1 (2016): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/reco.pr2.0055.
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McLaughlin, Megan, i John W. Bernhardt. "Itinerant Kingship and Royal Monasteries in Early Medieval Germany, 936-1075". German Quarterly 68, nr 2 (1995): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/408299.
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Rosenthal, Joel T., i John W. Bernhardt. "Itinerant Kingship and Royal Monasteries in Early Medieval Germany, c. 936- 1075." American Historical Review 100, nr 2 (kwiecień 1995): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2169045.
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Pixton, Paul B. "Itinerant Kingship and Royal Monasteries in Early Medieval Germany, c. 936–1075". History: Reviews of New Books 23, nr 4 (czerwiec 1995): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1995.9946227.
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Starkey, P. "Itinerant kingship and royal monasteries in early medieval Germany c.936-1075". German History 13, nr 1 (1.01.1995): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gh/13.1.114.
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McInally, Tom. "Support networks for the Catholic mission in Scotland". Innes Review 65, nr 1 (maj 2014): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/inr.2014.0065.
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This article explores the support for the Mission in Scotland given by networks formed in the Scottish Catholic diaspora, especially by those key members linked to the Scots Colleges abroad, the Scots Benedictine monasteries in Germany, and the Roman curia during the second half of the seventeenth and first half of the eighteenth centuries. Drawing on sources from the colleges’, monasteries’, and Roman archives, together with extensive historiography, the narrative describes the problems faced by the Mission, the help it needed, and the extent to which it received that help. In doing so, the study attempts to show how the financial and diplomatic initiatives related to this work became interwoven with the dynastic struggles of the House of Stuart, and how this involvement of the Mission and its supporters in the Jacobite cause inevitably compromised their work and severely limited the success which their efforts merited.
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von Klemperer, Klemens. "Bishop von Galen: German Catholicism and National Socialism". Central European History 39, nr 1 (marzec 2006): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938906310060.
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Clemens August Graf von Galen (1878-1946) is popularly known as the “Lion of Münster” for his resolute opposition to Nazism, notably to Hitler's policy of euthanasia that was to cleanse Germany of the mentally retarded. Von Galen was the Bishop of Münster in Westphalia until he became a cardinal in 1946, shortly before his death. In the summer of 1941, he delivered three powerful sermons against euthanasia and the closing of monasteries. The sermons were secretly copied and distributed and also, much to the embarrassment of the Nazi regime, dropped as leaflets by the Royal Air Force over Germany. It is thanks to these sermons that Bishop von Galen has been widely recognized and indeed celebrated as a resister against National Socialism.
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Pavlac, Brian A. "Itinerant Kingship and Royal Monasteries in Early Medieval Germany, c. 936- 1075.John W. Bernhardt". Speculum 70, nr 4 (październik 1995): 881–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2865355.
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Geary, Patrick J. "Itinerant Kingship and Royal Monasteries in Early Medieval Germany c. 936-1075. John W. Bernhardt". Journal of Religion 76, nr 1 (styczeń 1996): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/489748.
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Nelson, Janet L. "Itinerant Kingship and Royal Monasteries in Early Medieval Germany, c. 936-1075 by John W. Bernhardt". Catholic Historical Review 81, nr 4 (1995): 642–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cat.1995.0100.
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Classen, Albrecht. "Claire Taylor Jones, Ruling the Spirit: Women, Liturgy, and Dominican Reform in Late Medieval Germany. The Middle Ages Series. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018, pp. viii, 224." Mediaevistik 31, nr 1 (1.01.2018): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med012018_432.
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The interaction between mystically inspired beguines and nuns on the one hand and the friars as their confessors, on the other, that is, the male authorities in the late Middle Ages, certainly requires careful assessment because many different factors come into play here. In her monograph, Claire Taylor Jones pursues a host of different aspects pertaining to this complex issue in order to gain a grasp of those female writers particularly in the female Dominican monasteries in the Southwest of Germany and their male colleagues, or spiritual confessors, especially Heinrich Seuse and Johannes Tauler. She draws heavily from the Nuremberg Dominican convent of St. Katherine’s library (15th century), but this actually depends on the various chapters included here. It becomes very clear, however, that the notion of women’s lack of Latin needs to be reviewed carefully considering that that library contained ca. 726 manuscripts, of which 161 were in Latin.
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Begadon, Cormac. "Thomas McInally, A Saltire in the German Lands: Scottish Benedictine Monasteries in Germany 1575–1862, Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 2016, pp.viii + 223, £35, ISBN: 9781857520576". British Catholic History 34, nr 2 (27.09.2018): 364–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bch.2018.37.
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LUY, MARC, PRISKA FLANDORFER i PAOLA DI GIULIO. "Ageing in an aged society: experiences and attitudes of Catholic order members towards population ageing and older people". Ageing and Society 35, nr 1 (24.07.2013): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x13000421.
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ABSTRACTPopulation ageing occurs in all industrialised societies and is the demographic phenomenon that currently gets the highest attention from scientists, policy makers and the general public. The main aim of this paper is to broaden our understanding of its societal consequences, such as ageism and intergenerational solidarity. Our study is based on the 2008 investigation of attitudes towards population ageing and older people in seven European countries of Schoenmaeckerset al.We replicate their analysis in a specific human subpopulation in which the process of population ageing started earlier and is much more advanced than in the general societies: the members of Catholic orders. The study compares the attitudes of 148 nuns and monks from three Bavarian monasteries to those of the western German general population using descriptive and multivariate analyses in the context of the debate around population ageing in Germany. We discuss the specific characteristics of order members that might influence their attitudes and also take a brief look at their views on possible political strategies to solve the problems connected with the demographic changes. Our results confirm the findings of Schoenmaeckerset al.and reveal that worldly and monastic populations show an identical basic pattern of a positive attitude towards older people while at the same time considering population ageing a worrisome development. However, order members evaluate older people's abilities and their role in society more positively. This result gives rise to the optimistic perspective that in an aged population the younger and older generations can build a well-functioning society.
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Kelly, James E. "A saltire in the German lands. Scottish Benedictine monasteries in Germany, 1575–1862. By Thomas McInally. Pp. viii + 223. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 2016. £35. 978 1 85752 057 6". Journal of Ecclesiastical History 70, nr 2 (kwiecień 2019): 385–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046918002348.
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Nalivaiko, A. O. "Medieval city of France and Germany: the Сritical Vision of Professor L. M. Berkut". Modern Studies in German History 49, nr 49 (11.01.2024): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/312311.
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In the article the author makes an attempt to analyze the most common theories of the emergence of a medieval city and the concept by the medievalist Leonid Berkut devoted to this issue. It is shown the his critical vision regarding the historical process of the causes and evolution of a medieval city. X–XI centuries became a turning period in the history of Western Europe. There were significant changes in the development of agriculture, crafts and trade, feudal affairs were completely formed. In addition to these important social phenomena, another significant process began in the development of feudal Europe: along with ancient cities, new medieval cities began to emerge as a concentration of crafts and trade, an administrative- legal and religious center. The medieval city became an essential factor of social development then. How and where, why, under what conditions did the new cities arise? Today there are more than a dozen theories of the origin of the medieval city: Romanistic, patrimonial, market, burg, guild, mark, merchant and their varieties. Each of these theories is debatable. Leonid Nikolaevich Berkut (1879–1940) Ukrainian medieval historian studying the Medieval ages a lecture in Kyiv, Warsaw, Don universities, educator, doctor of historical sciences, professor. He devoted his monographs to the topic: "History of French Cities in the Middle Ages", "The Fate of French Cities in the Middle Ages", "Imperial Privileges and City Rights of the XII century in Germany", "History of German Cities in the Middle Ages”. In his works, the scientist also touched upon the issue of the phenomenon of the emergence of a medieval city. For L.Berkut, the the formation and development of a medieval city in the Western Europe could not be the same (не зрозуміло). The development of the cities depended on many different reasons: the degree of division of labor in agriculture and crafts, trade routes, international relations, cultural and religious institutions (monasteries, bishops’ chairs), the development of law, strategic considerations in the construction of fortresses, the degree of interest of the feudal lord in the growth of cities. Also, one cannot ignore the reasons of the political development of medieval countries: the centralization or decentralization of supreme power. L. Berkut was not only a thorough researcher presented the Western urban schools on the development of a medieval city, but also an active participant in the scientific debates that unfolded on this issue in Ukrainian and Russian historiography of the 20th century.
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Starkey, P. "Book Reviews : Itinerant kingship and royal monasteries in early medieval Germany c. 936- 1075. By John W. Bernhardt. Cambridge University Press. 1993. xix + 376 pp. 45". German History 13, nr 1 (1.01.1995): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635549501300111.
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Skružná, Jarmila, Adéla Pokorná, Sylva Dobalová i Lucie Strnadová. "Hortus siccus (1595) of Johann Brehe of Überlingen from the Broumov Benedictine monastery, Czech Republic, re-discovered". Archives of Natural History 49, nr 2 (październik 2022): 319–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2022.0794.
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A forgotten Renaissance herbarium dated to 1595 is described. It is connected to herbaria created by the naturalist Hieronymus Harder (1523–1607) of Ulm. This hortus siccus was recently found in the Muzeum Broumovska, Broumov (Braunau), Czech Republic, to which it came from the collections of the local Benedictine monastery. It is the oldest hortus siccus known in collections in the Czech Republic. It contains 358 specimens as well as annotations and drawings. Its creator was Johann Brehe from Überlingen, a sixteenth-century barber-surgeon. The paper analyzes the representation of species, the purpose of the annotations, and also the meaning of the illustrations which supplement some of the specimens. It also investigates connections between Brehe’s work and Harder’s activities linked to herbaria. Brehe’s herbarium is compared with two similar collections; Johann Jakob Han’s (?1565–1616) herbarium of 1594 and Harder’s herbarium, also of 1594, and both kept in Überlingen. It shares some features with both, while differing in other respects. In particular, we compare representations of plants from the New World and the inclusion of mosses and lichens. Finally, we address the question of how a herbarium created in a town on the shores of Lake Constance, in present-day Germany, found its way to an eastern Bohemian monastery, where its presence was first documented as recently as 1937 by Pater Vincenz Maiwald OSB (1862–1951). We also highlight the importance of Czech monasteries as sources of important, unpublished documents dealing with both the natural and social sciences.
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Азарова, Светлана Николаевна. "Lesninsky Holy Theotokos Convent in the Conditions of Interfaith Confrontation in Yugoslavia During the Nazi Occupation". Theological Herald, nr 4(51) (15.12.2023): 208–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/gb.2023.51.4.010.
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В статье рассматривается один из важных периодов в истории Леснинского Свято-Богородицкого монастыря, одной из крупнейших женских обителей Российской империи, после революции оказавшегося в эмиграции. На его примере исследуется малоизученная, имеющая противоречивые оценки, тема церковной жизни русского зарубежья на территориях, оккупированных фашистской Германией, в частности, в Сербии, где с 1921 г. находилось Высшее Церковное Управление Заграницей (РПЦЗ), выявляются особенности религиозной политики нацистского государства на сербских территориях, где власть перешла в руки усташей — фашистской ультраправой национальной клерикальной организации. Эта задача решается с учётом опубликованных документов нацистов, связанных с проводимой ими религиозной политикой. Для раскрытия темы кратко изложена история Леснинского монастыря, а также история политических событий в Сербии, процесс формирования в стране обстановки межконфессионального противостояния. Положение монастыря в оккупации сопоставлено с современной ситуацией на Украине, где Православная Церковь испытывает открытые гонения со стороны украинского неонацистского режима. The article examines one of the important periods in the history of the Lesninsky Holy Theotokos Convent, one of the largest women's monasteries of the Russian Empire, which found itself in exile after the revolution. Using his example, the little-studied, contradictory assessments of the topic of church life of the Russian diaspora in the territories occupied by Nazi Germany, in particular, in Serbia, where since 1921 The Supreme Church Administration Abroad (the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad, ROCA) was located, the peculiarities of the religious policy of the Nazi state in the Serbian territories are revealed, where power passed into the hands of the Ustashi — the fascist ultra-right national clerical organization. This task is solved taking into account the published documents of the Nazis related to their religious policy. To reveal the topic, the history of the Lesninsky Monastery is briefly described, as well as the history of political events in Serbia, the process of forming an environment of inter-confessional confrontation in the country. The situation of the convent under occupation is compared with the current situation in Ukraine, where the Orthodox Church is experiencing open persecution by the Ukrainian neo-Nazi regime.
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GRIGONIS, EVALDAS. "ŠVENTOJO RAŠTO LEIDINIAI VILNIAUS UNIVERSITETO BIBLIOTEKOS XVI AMŽIAUS KNYGŲ FONDUOSE". Knygotyra 56 (1.01.2011): 149–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/kn.v56i0.1506.
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Vilniaus universiteto bibliotekos Retų spaudinių skyriusUniversiteto g. 3, LT-01122 Vilnius, LietuvaEl. paštas: evaldas.grigonis@mb.vu.ltStraipsnyje analizuojami XVI a. Šventojo Rašto leidiniai, saugomi Vilniaus universiteto bibliotekos Retų spaudinių skyriaus fonduose. Pateikiama statistinės informacijos apie šių spaudinių kalbinį pasiskirstymą, leidimo vietas, kai kurie iš jų nagrinėjami plačiau, žvilgsnį telkiant į vietinius leidėjus, kurių spaustuvėse pasirodė dabar VUB esantys minėto laikotarpio Šventraščiai. Taip pat analizuojami šių knygų nuosavybės ženklai (proveniencijos), remiantis jais aptariamas buvusių LDK vienuolynų ar apskritai vienuolijų (jos buvo dažniausios Biblijos skaitytojos) sąlytis su spausdintiniu Dievo Žodžiu, atkreipiamas dėmesys į nemažos dalies Šventojo Rašto leidinių (jų leidėjų ir komentatorių) sąsajas su protestantizmu.Reikšminiai žodžiai: Šventasis Raštas, Biblija, XVI a., Vulgata, lotynų kalba, Vilniaus universiteto biblioteka, nuosavybės įrašai, Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė, Katalikų bažnyčia, vienuolynai, Reformacija Europoje, draudžiamųjų knygų sąrašai, leidėjai, spaustuvininkai, iliustracijos.PUBLICATIONS OF THE HOLY SCRIPT IN THE BOOK COLLECTIONS OF THE 16TH CENTURY AT VILNIUS UNIVERSITY LIBRARYEVALDAS GRIGONIS AbstractThe Holy Script has already lost its special significance to an ordinary Western man in modern times, although since the entrenching of Christianity in the 4th century A.D. the Holy Script was for long centuries the main cultural text of the European civilization. No wonder the first printed book from which the era of the printed word began in the culture of the world was the so-called 42-Line Bible of J. Gutenberg (in Latin, published in c. 1456).There are in total 149 pieces (or separate parts) of the Bible in the Vilnius University Library, issued between 1501 and 1600. The majority of these editions were published in Latin (70% of the Bibles), so it is natural that in the 16th century the printed Latin Bible (Vulgate) experienced its age of flowering in Europe (in total, 438 editions of Vulgate were issued ). The path of the Holy Scripture to the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) varied from such Catholic countries as France (the latter “presented” the bulk – over 25% – of Bibles kept at the Vilnius University Library from the 16th century), Belgium, Poland, Italy, Austria to such a “heretical” land as England, or such Protestant towns as Geneva, Basel, Strasbourg, Zurich and quite a few towns of Lutheran Germany such as Nuremberg, Frankfurt am Main, Leipzig, Rostock, etc. There is also the Holy Script published in the GDL – the famous Brest (or Radvila) Bible (issued in 1563). The wide geography of the publications’ origin as well as the miscellaneous (from the point of view of confessions) cast of Bibles’ editors, commentators, translators or publishers raises certain questions about the existence of ecclesiastical discipline in the GDL, for in accordance with various Indices librorum prohibitorum (Indexes of Prohibited Books), which were obligatory for Catholics, almost 46% of the 16th-century Holy Scriptures in the present Vilnius University Library were forbidden to be used at one time. On the other hand, the markings of ownership (provenances) in these books show that of all the 16th-century Bibles kept at the Vilnius University Library, which have such markings (91 copies), even over ¾ for some time belonged to monasteries, Catholic churches and colleges. Furthermore, more than half of private owners consisted of Catholic clergy and monkery. Talking of separate monasteries, the provenances also indicate that the majority of the 16th-century Bibles found their way to the Vilnius University Library from the Grodno Dominicans; the most affluent “donors”among monkhood were Franciscans (including both Observants and Conventuals). These findings, though indirectly, indicate the influence of Western and Central Europe on the religious life of the 16th-century GDL through the Holy Script – the fundamental writing for Christians.
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Freyer, Bernhard, Valentina Aversano-Dearborn, Georg Winkler, Sina Leipold, Harald Haidl, Karl Werner Brand, Michael Rosenberger i Thomas Wallnig. "Is there a Relation Between Ecological Practices and Spirituality? The Case of Benedictine Monasteries". Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 31, nr 5 (8.09.2018): 559–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10806-018-9745-4.
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Abstract For decades there has been a controversial debate over how far religious faith communities are specifically engaged in ecological practices (EP). Therefore we studied four Austrian and two German Benedictine monasteries religious ethics and spirituality as a means of a driving force for initiating EP. We draw upon theories of organizational learning processes and capacity-building of sustainability to interpret our empirical findings. The majority of monasteries are highly engaged in EP, initiated either as an outcome of individual activities or through a specific mostly informally acting group, but rarely an organizationally or systematically integrated goal of the monasteries, or a focus of capacity building. Monasteries follow a technical and economic decision-making process in implementing EP. Spirituality plays a limited role in the initiation of EP. The environment of monasteries–acceptance or critique against ecological practices–influences the monasteries decisions. Institutionalization of ecological practices into the monasteries organizational structure is rare.
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DeLeeuw, Patricia. "Itinerant Kingship and Royal Monasteries in Early Medieval Germany c. 936–1075. By John W. Bernhardt. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought, fourth series 21. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1993. xix + 376 pp." Church History 65, nr 2 (czerwiec 1996): 257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3170298.
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Freed, John B. "Itinerant Kingship and Royal Monasteries in Early Medieval Germany, c. 936–1075. By John W. Bernhardt. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1993. Pp. xix + 376. $69.95. ISBN 0-521-39489-9." Central European History 27, nr 3 (wrzesień 1994): 377–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900010281.
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Majoroshi, Maria. "THE METROPOLITANATE GALICIA AND THE GREEK CATHOLIC EPARCHY OF MUKACHEVO: DIFFICULT RELATIONS UNDER OCCUPATION REGIMES (1939 – 1944)". Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History, nr 1 (44) (27.06.2021): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(44).2021.232448.
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The relationships between two Greek Catholic Provinces: the Metropolitanate of Galicia and the Eparchy of Mukachevo under occupation regimes, are highlighted in the article. During this difficult period in the history of both church institutions, cooperation between them was almost impossible since the Metropolitanate of Galicia was already under the Soviet regime while the Eparchy of Mukachevo became part of Hungary. Metropolitan of Galicia Andrey Sheptytsky was forced to fight attacks on the Greek Catholic Church by the "Soviets" and Bishop of Mukachevo Oleksandr Stoyka after receiving the status of "one's own right" ("Ecclesia sui juris") by the Greek Catholic Eparchy of Mukachevo in 1937, was aimed at full autonomy of the eparchy. The author pays special attention to the incident with the arrest of monks from the Order of St. Basil the Great by the Hungarian authorities. The author describes the process of their release, in which bishops Oleksandr Stoyka and Miklosh Dudash, as well as archpriest Leontii Dolhii (Mariiapovchanskyi (Máriapócs) monastery), took an active part. After analyzing the letters of the mentioned bishops to various government structures of the Kingdom of Hungary, the author concluded that they made every effort to get the Basilian monks out of prison as soon as possible. After the first appeals, the arrested monks were transferred from prison to the Jesuit Church in Budapest, and later, until the moment of their liberation, they lived only in monasteries. Finally, the Basilian monks were released and returned to serve in the Greek Catholic Eparchy of Mukachevo in August 1942. They were also allowed to engage in missionary activities and participate in mass events. Based on the analysis of archival sources, namely correspondence between Galician priests (who found themselves in refugee camps in Hungary, Austria and Germany) and Mukachevo bishops, we learn about the fate of these pastors, as well as the fact that Bishop Teodor Romzha accepted them for service in the Greek Catholic Eparchy of Mukachevo. Unfortunately, after the arrival of Soviet authority, Galician priests were arrested: they were accused of anti-Soviet activities and cooperation with the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and sentenced to imprisonment in correctional camps. The researcher introduced into scientific circulation a series of epistolary sources concerning the history of relations between the two ecclesiastical provinces in 1939 – 1944.
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Langbroek, Erika, i Francis Brands. "Die nie in Druck erschienene Hannover Apokalypse". Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 83, nr 3 (5.02.2024): 365–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756719-12340305.
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Abstract Of the rhyming Apocalypse, which may have been written in Westphalia at the end of the thirteenth century, two abbreviated versions were made in North German monasteries in the fifteenth century, which were regularly used in the context of monastic reforms. A text edition of the second abridged version is presented here, as it appears in the manuscript Hannover Ms I 84a.
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Schott, Clausdieter. "Klöster und Leges – Zur Diskussion um die süddeutschen Stammesrechte. Eine Replik". Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 138, nr 1 (1.06.2021): 238–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgg-2021-0008.
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Abstract Monasteries and Leges – On the Discussion regarding the Southern German tribal laws. A replica. The author takes up his thesis published in 2006, according to which the two Southern German tribal laws of the 8th century, the Lex Alamannorum and the Lex Baiuvariorum, are most likely forgeries of monastic scriptoria. The falsification hypothesis has met with both approval and scepticism and rejection. The following article deals with the latter. The critical voices focus mainly on the tenor that such a falsification is possible but not sufficiently proven. The replica shows that the objections are too weak overall to shake the suspicion of a forgery in view of the density of evidence.
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Wagner, Bettina. "CATALOGUING OF MEDIEVAL MANUSCRIPTS IN GERMAN LIBRARIES:: THE ROLE OF THE DEUTSCHE FORSCHUNGSGEMEINSCHAFT (DFG) AS A FUNDING AGENCY". RBM: A Journal of Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage 5, nr 1 (1.03.2004): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rbm.5.1.225.
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From the nineteenth century onward, German librarians have devoted considerable effort to the cataloguing of medieval manuscripts,2 many of which came into public ownership after the secularization of monasteries at the beginning of the century. The centralization of sources stimulated scholarly interest in the material, to which librarians responded by compiling inventories and catalogues. Due to the size of the collections, which were often augmented by further acquisitions from the antiquarian book market in the second half of the century, the authors of those early catalogues had to restrict themselves to recording only the most essential codicological data and textual . . .
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Cappellini, Patrizia. "Trading Old Masters in Florence 1890–1914: heritage protection and the Florentine art trade in Post-Unification Italy". Journal of the History of Collections 31, nr 2 (13.10.2018): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhc/fhy030.
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Abstract Between 1855 and 1873 many religious orders were abolished in Italy and the contents of convents, monasteries and churches found their way on to the art market. Meanwhile, economic troubles led many noble families to sell their estates, a situation that lasted until World War i. Focusing on the Florentine art market from 1890 to 1914, this paper seeks to shed new light on the roles of some Florentine merchants and their relationships with British antique dealers and German patrons and scholars (such as Wilhelm von Bode). It also reviews the evidence – anecdotal, archival and published – relating to the dealers in question.
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Usachev, Andrei. "Why did Kazan diocese have no archbishop in 1574–1575? (some notes on the history of Church governance in Russia in the 16th century)". St. Tikhons' University Review 108 (31.10.2022): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturii2022108.11-21.
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The article deals with the reasons of the absence of the Kazan archbishop, the head of one of the most huge dioceses in the Russian Church in the 16th century, which took the third place in the church hierarchy. It was turned out that probably because of the state of health in February of 1574 archbishop Lavrentii (1568–1574) left it. Earlier he was the abbot of the Volotskii Monastery of St. Josef. Gurii (Rugotin) (1555–1563), German (Sadyrev-Polev) (1564–1567), the Kazan archbishops were also from the Volotskii Monastery of St. Josef. It was impossible to appoint the abbot of the Volotskii Monastery of St. Josef Tikhon (Khvorostinin) (1573–1575) or another one from this monastery to this position in 1574 because of the harmful consequences of the epidemics of 1560-1570s. The Volotskii Monastery and such large monasteries like Trinity-St. Sergius Monastery, the Simonov Monastery etc. lost the significant number of experienced monks prepared for the governing of monasteries and dioceses. Because of the domination of the meritocratical principles in the selection of candidates there were no chances to do something with the lack of prepared monks in a relatively short time. That’s why the authorities in the last third of the 16th century appointed the representatives of less famous monasteries such as the Mahrishchskii Monastery, the Starickii Monastery of Assumption, the Gerasimov Boldin Monastery. In the February of 1575 the representative of the Ipat'ev Monastery in Kostroma, the archbishop of the Novospasskii Monastery Vassian was appointed the head of the Kazan diocese. However he dead in May of 1575. In July of 1575 the abbot of the Volotskii Monastery of St. Josef Tikhon (Khvorostinin) was appointed the head of the Kazan diocese. It was possible because of the personal interference o Ivan IV. He arrived at the Volotskii Monastery of St. Josef and in fact appointed Evfimii (Turkov) (who had denied to become the abbot in 1573) the successor of Tikhon. The research rests on the materials of acts, records of income and expenses, records of donations of the Volotskii Monastery of St. Josef and another monasteries.
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Clanchy, Michael. "Images of Ladies with Prayer Books: What do they Signify?" Studies in Church History 38 (2004): 106–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042420840001576x.
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Monastic illumination of manuscripts gave to writings a force and prestige which was unprecedented. Throughout the millennium of western monasticism (500-1500 A.D.), the rich founded monasteries so that monks might pray and worship on their behalf. The monks displayed the fruit of their labours to their patrons in their churches and other works of art, particularly in their books. When with growing prosperity from about 1250 onwards the demand for individual prayer reached down to the middle class of knights and burgesses, they began to want wonderworking books of their own. They could not afford to buy a chantry chapel or a jewelled reliquary, but a small illuminated manuscript came within their means as the first step towards the purchase of paradise. Ladies in particular took to reciting the Latin Psalter and treasuring illuminated Books of Hours. In fifteenth-century depictions of the Annunciation, Mary is often shown seated in a sunlit bower with an open Book of Hours on her lap or displayed on a lectern. Likewise she is sometimes depicted with the Child Jesus on her knee, showing him a Book of Hours. The habit of possessing books might never have reached the laity if writing had not been so luxurious and so covetable. Illumination introduced the laity to script through images which could not fail to attract the eye. The children of the prosperous were introduced to the Psalter by their mothers or a priest for the purpose both of learning to read and of beginning formal prayer. To own a Psalter was therefore an act of familial as well as public piety.These words were written twenty years ago, for a conference at the Library of Congress in 1980 on ‘Literacy in historical perspective’. Since then, these themes have been addressed in several lectures and research papers at conferences, and I would stand by the main ideas expressed in that passage. Monks had indeed given extraordinary prestige to books and in particular to the illuminated liturgical book, which is a medieval invention. By the thirteenth century such books were being adapted for lay use and ownership, typically in Books of Hours. However, it is mistaken to say that lay use ‘began’ then, as the aristocracy – particularly in Germany – had been familiar with prayer books for centuries. In the twelfth century, Hildegard of Bingen was said to have learned only the Psalter ‘as is the custom of noble girls’. A Psalter for lay use dating from c.1150, which belonged to Clementia von Zähringen, has been preserved. It contains a full-page portrait of a lady – presumably Clementia herself – at folio 6v between the end of the Calendar and the Beatus page beginning the Psalms. This book has 126 folios in its present state (possibly one folio is missing at the end) and it measures 11 cm X 7 cm, no larger than a woman’s hand. The biography of Marianus Scotus, the eleventh-century Irish hermit who settled at Regensburg, describes how he wrote for poor widows and clerics ‘many little books and many Psalter manuals’ (‘multos libellos multaque manualia psalteria’). The diminutive form ‘libellos’ and the adjective ‘manualia’ emphasise that these manuscripts were small enough to hold in the hand, like Clementia von Zähringen’s book.
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Postnikova, E. "FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE OLD HIGH GERMAN CONSONANTISM". Writings in Romance-Germanic Philology, nr 2(49) (16.01.2023): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268204.
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The article examines the main processes associated with the formation and development of writing in the Old High German period of the formation of the German language. The Old High German period is primarily the period of the formation of the German nation, first within the Frankish state, and later the East Frankish state, ending with the proclamation of the German Empire in 962. Actually, the written tradition of the German language is connected with church life. In the monastery cells, theological treatises, prayers, and psalms were translated into German, historical works were written, and biblical commentaries were compiled for the school and for the education of priests. Monasteries became the centers of education and spiritual life of the early feudal society. At this time, a new form of existence of the German language was formed in the form of a set of territorial dialects. The article notes that The Old High German dialects differ from each other in phonetic, morphological, lexical, and even syntactic aspects. In other words, almost every dialect had its own spelling and phonetic features. However, the unity of the German language was always ensured by the kinship of the dialects, the general trends in the development of their phonetic and grammatical structure, and interaction with a particularly strong influence of the Frankish dialect on others. The development of the graphic system in this period is complex due to the adaptation of the Latin alphabet to German pronunciation. At that time, there was not only a single orthographic norm for the German language in general, but also a single spelling of certain words or morphemes within the framework of a single written document. The main written works of that time are analysed, taking into account the dialectal features of each of them. It has been found that under the influence of Latin, the German script undergoes significant changes, but retains its linguistic independence, particularly in the consonant system.
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Dotter, Marion. "Mit Nächstenliebe gegen den Kommunismus". Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken 101, nr 1 (1.11.2021): 107–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/qufiab-2021-0007.
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Abstract This study examines the strategies adopted by the Catholic church in the post-World War II German-speaking area to curtail the ‚communist threat‘. The text compares two dioceses, St. Pölten in the eastern part of Austria, and Munich-Freising in Bavaria, that saw the need to react to the rise of communist regimes immediately outside their borders in East-Central Europe with the means at their disposal. The starting point for this analysis is the „Decree against Communism“ of Pope Pius XII, which belongs to a long tradition of ecclesiastical criticism directed against the great ideologies of the 19th and 20th centuries, and which was widely adopted by the German-speaking clergy. The discussion of the methods by which the church attempted to influence the east-west conflict and their constraints will address three topics: aid for refugees, the social question, and issues related to schooling. In these areas, the church used a variety of resources to achieve its aims and exploited the Roman curia’s position as a global actor – from its parishes and monasteries at the local level to its spheres of political influence at the nation-state level.
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Eltis, D. A. "Tensions between Clergy and Laity in some Western German Cities in the Later Middle Ages". Journal of Ecclesiastical History 43, nr 2 (kwiecień 1992): 231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900000890.
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Repeatedly in the course of the later Middle Ages latent resentment against the clergy, its privileges and behaviour exploded in outbursts of hatred and violence in the German cities. Late medieval Magdeburg saw some of the ugliest manifestations of this kind. In 1325 its citizens murdered their archbishop. In 1402 they surged looting and burning through the ecclesiastical quarter of the city, threatening violence to the clergy. Magdeburg was no isolated case. The bishop, chapter and clergy of Worms informed the council of Frankfurt in the Spring of 1386 how the citizens of Worms had beaten and thrown in prison priests and prelates, set fire to chapels, monasteries and churches and stolen religious items of great value. During the heyday of the Leagues of the Rhenish and Swabian Cities in the 1380s the laity in Basle, Cologne, Worms, Speyer and Mainz, no longer fearing the clergy's powerful friends, vented their pent-up hatreds. As the clerical author of theChronicon Moguntinumexplained they took revenge on the clergy ‘and thus they persecuted them more than the Jews, not caring for the princes of the land, but following their own volitions’. Time and again tempers flared and ecclesiastical property was burned, ecclesiastics were beaten or faced with a choice between self-imposed exile and abridgement of their privileges.
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Langbroek, Erika. "Wörter für die Ewigkeit: die Suche nach einem möglichen Schreibort". Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 77, nr 1-2 (9.06.2017): 268–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756719-12340075.
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This article discusses where the Old Frisian glosses on the snippets of parchment of Gent Ms 3 may have originated. The main problem here is the time of writing: most of the monasteries in the Frisian area were founded after the second half of the twelfth century, which is too late for a possible connection. One possible place of origin, however, is the Benedictine monastery of Egmond in the Dutch area of Westfriesland; it has been established that the ‘defrisianization’ of the Egmond scriptorium did not take place before 1150. Hier wird der Frage nachgegangen, wo die altfriesischen Glossen auf den Pergamentschnipseln mit der Signatur Gent Ms 3 geschrieben sein könnten. Das Problem in diesem Zusammenhang ist die Zeit der Niederschrift, weil die meisten Klöster im friesischen Gebiet nach der zweiten Hälfte des 12. Jahrhunderts gegründet wurden. Eine Möglichkeit wäre, dass dieser Ort das Benediktinerkloster Egmond im niederländischen Westfriesland ist; es ist festgestellt worden, dass die ‘Entfriesung’ des Egmonder Skriptoriums erst nach 1150 stattfand. This article is in German.
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Aristov, Vadym, i Maryna Degtiarenko. "How many churches burned in the Kyiv fire of 1017?" NaUKMA Research Papers. History 5 (28.12.2022): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/2617-3417.2022.5.80-86.
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The article examines sources’ reports of a large-scale fire in Kyiv in 1017. The two parallel texts are: the German Latin chronicle by Thietmar of Merseburg (composed in 1018) and the Primary Chronicle of Rus (composed in around 1116), which relied on early Kyivan annals. Thietmar wrote about the fire that damaged the “monasterium sancte Sophiae”. The Primary Chronicle reported of the fire of one church or several churches without specifying them. The main focus of the article is on the textual analysis of two versions of the short account of the event in the copies of the Primary Chronicle. One of the versions implies that it was the fire of one church only. According to another version there were many churches that suffered from the fire. Remarkably, the textual difference between the variants is only two letters – the plural form ending of the verb (“погорѣша цр҃кви” versus “погорѣ цр҃кви”). The dilemma of determining the original variant correlates with the ambiguity of Thietmar’s words, which could denote the fire of either one building or several. The chronicler used the word “monasterium” which could denote both “monastery” (as a complex of church buildings) and “cathedral”. The article provides a comprehensive textual and philological analysis of the variant readings of the Primary Chronicle. At the same time, the authors did not resort to hypothetical reconstructions of the text but proceeded from those readings that are attested by the preserved manuscripts. The analysis revealed the advantages and disadvantages of two textual scenarios, which provided for the originality of one or another version of the fire of 1017. Based on the available copies of the Primary Chronicle, it appeared impossible to unambiguously choose between the variants. This led to modeling two historical scenarios of the event. However, as it was demonstrated recently, the German chronicler meant the Tithe Church (possibly, with a surrounding buildings) by St. Sophia monastery or cathedral. The palace complex centered around the first stone church of Kyiv included other buildings used for ecclesiastical needs. This can explain the ambiguous terminology of the Kyivan and German chronicles. Therefore, as it turned out, regardless of the textual choice, both competing readings can be interpreted in the same sense. Thietmar and the Primary Chronicle unanimously reported about the fire of the Tithe Church.
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Sodol, V. A. "The consequences of the Romanian occupation of 1941–1944 for the Orthodox Church of Moldova". Rusin, nr 63 (2021): 190–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/63/10.
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The article presents the facts of material damage caused by the German-Romanian invaders to the institutions of the Orthodox Church of Moldova. The analysis of the archives of the Republic of Moldova, the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic and the works of researchers revealed three stages of damage inflicted by the invaders on religious organizations. The total amount of damage amounted to 91.5 million rubles, including church buildings – 22,580,000 rubles (including the churches of Pridnestrovie – 4,192,423 rubles). The invaders destroyed the buildings of 44 churches and 2 chapels, partially damaged 22 churches. Dozens of valuable religious shrines were removed from Moldovan churches and monasteries. The most valuable loss is a copy of the Gerbovetsky Icon of the Most Holy Mother of God (worth 120 mln rubles). The invaders also stole church utensils and priestly vestments. The motive for these actions was the alleged desire to “save” the shrines from destruction by the Bolsheviks. The leadership of the Russian Orthodox Church has repeatedly raised the question of returning the valuables taken by the occupiers to the Romanian side. However, the problem has not been solved, though a small part of the property stolen by the invaders returned to the Moldovan churches.
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Anufrieva, Anastasia. "Swabia and the Swabian Nobility during the Ottonian Age: in the Center of Europe, on the Fringe of an Empire". ISTORIYA 13, nr 11 (121) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840023136-8.
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The article explores what was a place of the Swabian duchy and the swabian nobility in the state of the Saxon royal and imperial Ottonian dynasty. There are considered the notions about Swabia in three narrative sources of the Ottonian age (the historical work of Adalbert of Magdeburg, and two biographies of the Swabian church hierarchs — Ulrich, the bishop of Augsburg and Witigowo, the abbot of Reichenau). There are traced the specifics of the representation of this topic during the reigns of Otto I (936—973), Otto II (973—983) and Otto III (983—1002) and the gradual transformation of Swabia from a position on the periphery of the empire to deeper integration into the Ottonian state. Such an “incomplete integration” of Swabia into the Ottonian state may be explained not so much by the rulers’ disinterest in this territory as by concrete historical circumstances (first of all, by the dynastical troubles). The integration of the Swabian clerical elite into the Ottonian court environment began primarily with monasteries, not with episcopal centers. This shows that it was the Carolingian tradition that in large part continued to influence the strategy of the German emperors in Swabia.
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Esch, Arnold. "Eine Quellengattung im Spektrum der römischen Überlieferung". Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken 103, nr 1 (1.11.2023): 248–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/qufiab-2023-0014.
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Abstract The wealth of source material produced by Roman notaries has long been neglected. Only in recent decades has it been systematically evaluated by researchers. Given the fragmentary source situation in general, these atti notarili add considerable detail to our knowledge of everyday life. They provide insights not only into the Rome of the popes, which has received considerable attention, but above all into the Rome of the Roman people, much less studied. This paper focuses not on another notary, but on the question of the potential contribution of this genre of sources to the history of late medieval Rome. We see how clients belonging to different social groups approach different notaries. We understand the typical concerns and problems of Roman society, ranging from the debtor imprisoned in a dungeon to the Colonna family in their palazzo. We find confident Florentines with their business dealings, German bakers and their partnership contracts, impoverished monasteries with their growing debts. We see the building boom of the Renaissance and how Piazza Navona is transformed from a campus into a platea, as well as rural Rome within the walls and its countless vineyards.
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VAITKEVIČIŪTĖ, VIKTORIJA. "LIETUVOS NACIONALINĖS MARTYNO MAŽVYDO BIBLIOTEKOS RETŲ KNYGŲ IR RANKRAŠČIŲ SKYRIAUS PALEOTIPŲ RINKINYS". Knygotyra 56 (1.01.2011): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/kn.v56i0.1507.
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Lietuvos nacionalinė Martyno Mažvydo bibliotekaGedimino pr. 51, LT-01504 Vilnius, LietuvaEl. paštas: viktorija.vait@gmail.comStraipsnyje nagrinėjami Lietuvos nacionalinės Martyno Mažvydo bibliotekos Retų knygų ir rankraščių skyriaus paleotipai: jų leidimo vieta, spaustuvininkai, tematika bei proveniencijos, dėmesį telkiant į retesnius, Lietuvos knygos kultūrai svarbesnius leidinius. Iš šiame skyriuje saugomų daugiau kaip 800 paleotipų analizuojama tik dalis jų, nes daugiau negu 200 knygų teturi kortelinį bibliografinį aprašą ir išsamiai juos ištirti šiuo metu neįmanoma. Dalies šių paleotipų analizė papildo jau esamus tyrimus, praplečia senosios knygos kultūros vaizdą.Reikšminiai žodžiai: knygotyra, paleotipai, retos knygos, spaustuvininkai, proveniencijos.THE COLLECTION OF POST-INCUNABULA IN THE MARTYNAS MAŽVYDAS NATIONAL LIBRARY OF LITHUANIAViktorija VAITKEVIČIŪTĖ AbstractPost-incunabula or the books printed in the first half of the 16th century (from January 1, 1501 to January 1, 1551), along with incunabula, are considered to be the oldest and most valuable publications in the world. Due to their likeness to incunabula and publishing specifics, post-incunabula are considered to be historical treasures and monuments of culture. The Rare Book and Manuscript Department of the National Library of Lithuania has in its holdings more than 800 post-incunabula, not including the ones kept at the Department of the National Archival Fund of Published Documents. The exact number is still unknown, since not all the books have been included into the electronic catalogue: more than 200 of them have only a card catalogue description and are awaiting a more detailed study. This article analyses specific features of part of the post-incunabula collection in the NLL Rare Book and Manuscript Department: their place of publication, publishers, thematics and provenances. Principal attention is accorded to the books that are rarer, more interesting and more important for Lithuania’s culture and book culture in general.The most of the post-incunabula kept in the Rare Book and Manuscript Department were published in Germany, many in Switzerland, France and Italy. There also is a small number of post-incunabula published in Poland (Cracow). Of the publications produced by Cracow’s printers, the article discusses those by Jan Haller (ca. 1467–1525), Hieronim Wietor (ca. 1480–1546) and Florian Ungler (d. 1536). It is necessary to mention Aldines – the publications by one of themost famous European printers, Aldo Manuzio (Lat. Aldus Manutius; ca. 1450–1515) and by his descendants. The article also touches upon the work of such acclaimed French publishers as Henri Estienne (lat. Henricus Stephanus, ca. 1460–1520), founder of the famous dinasty of printers, and the Lyonese printer Sébastien Gryphius (ca. 1493–1556). The Rare Book and Manuscript Department also keeps quite a few post-incunabula published by Johannes Frobenof Basel (1460–1537).As to the content aspect, the collection of post-incunabula in the department is versatile. For the most part, it is made up by religious literature: sermons, bibles, theological treatises, Church Fathers’ writings. There are many works by and commentaries on classical authors, of whom Cicero, at the time of the Renaissance viewed as the greatest authority on rhetoric, is the most famous one. The post-incunabula collection illuminates the emergence of the Reformations and the related spread of new ideas in the first half of the XVIth century. The Rare Book and Manuscript Department boasts a number of works by the founder of Protestantism, Martin Luther (1483–1546) and by the most acclaimed humanist of the times, Desiderius Erasmus (1469–1536).The provenances in the post-incunabula (manuscript inscriptions, stamps, bookplates) provide much interesting information. Most often found are ownership marks of the establishments that since the olden times had been preserving books: various monasteries, churches and priest seminaries,. The notable representative of the post-incunabulum culture is the Bernardine Order. According to the electronic catalogue, the Rare Book and Manuscript Departmenthas in its holdings 21 post-incunabula formerly kept by the library of the Tytuvėnai Bernardine Monastery. Most provenance inscriptions are from Kaunas Priest Seminary, the library of the Samogitian Priest Seminary, the library of the Vilnius Seminary and Kražiai College. Of the XIXth century personal libraries,particularly noteworthy are the collections of Jonas Krizostomas Gintila (1788–1857), XIXth-century bibliophile, hebraist and administrator of the Samogitian Diocese, and of Friedrich August Gotthold (1778–1858), educator and music theorist. A separate, rather abundant group of provenance inscriptions consists of the books that formerly belonged to Königsberg University. An in-depth study of all the post-incunabula kept in the NLL would significantly add to the existing research and broaden the understanding of old book culture.
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Stojanovic, Aleksandar. "A beleaguered church the Serbian Orthodox Church in the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) 1941-1945". Balcanica, nr 48 (2017): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc1748269s.
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In the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) from its establishment only days after the German attack on Yugoslavia in early April 1941 until its fall in May 1945 a genocide took place. The ultimate goal of the extreme ideology of the Ustasha regime was a new Croatian state cleansed of other ethnic groups, particularly the Serbs, Jews and Roma. The Serbian Orthodox Church (SPC), historically a mainstay of Serbian national identity, culture and tradition, was among its first targets. Most Serbian Orthodox churches and monasteries were demolished, heavily damaged or appropriated by the Roman Catholic Church or the state. More than 170 Serbian priests were killed and tortured by the Ustasha, and even more were exiled to occupied Serbia. The regime led by Ante Pavelic introduced numerous laws and regulations depriving the SPC of not only its property and spiritual jurisdiction but even of its right to existence. When mass killings stirred up a large-scale rebellion, a more political and seemingly non-violent approach was introduced: the Croatian regime unilaterally and non-canonically founded the so-called Croatian Orthodox Church in order to bring the forced assimilation of Serbs to completion. This paper provides an overview of the ordeal of the Serbian Orthodox Church in the NDH, based on the scholarly literature and documentary sources of Serbian, German and Croatian origin. It looks at legislation, propaganda, the killings and torture of Orthodox clergy and the destruction of church property, including medieval holy relics. The scale and viciousness of some atrocities will be looked at based on unused or less known sources, namely the statements of Serbian refugees recorded during the war by the SPC and the Commissariat for Refugees in Serbia, and documents from the Political Archive of the Third Reich Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
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Matiega, O. O., E. Savina, E. Pukanuch i T. Tovt. "ASSESSMENT OF OENOLOGICAL RESOURCES OF TRANSCARPATHIA". Plant Science (Horticulture, Viticulture, Seed Production) 1-2, nr 1 (1.12.2023): 66–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.47279/plantscience_2023-01-11.
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Winemaking in Transcarpathia is one of the traditional occupations of the local population, which has an ancient historical basis, due to which the historical aspect plays a particularly important role in the structure of enological resources and forms their regional uniqueness. Viticulture and winemaking in Transcarpathia originated about 2,000 years ago. There is evidence that grapes were grown in this region as early as the 2nd century. This is due to the fact that the region was in contact with the ancient Roman provinces of Upper Dacia and Pannonia. After the invasion of Zakarpattia by the hordes of Batia, the vineyards were completely destroyed, and only in 1254, the Hungarian king Bela IV invited German and Italian winegrowers and winemakers (winzlers) to populate the devastated area. He granted colonists and the small population of the region the right to plant vineyards, make and sell wine, exempting them from taxes and church tithes for 10 years. In the 13th-15th centuries, a large part of the vineyards of Transcarpathia belonged to monasteries. The beginning of the 16th century was characterized by intensive development of viticulture and winemaking. Mukachevo and Berehiv wines go not only to meet the needs of local feudal lords and the population of the region, but also end up on the royal table. Keywords: grapes, cultivation, fruiting, resource
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G. Bruce, Scott. "Alison I. Beach, Shannon M. T. Li, and Samuel S. Sutherland, Monastic Experience in Twelfth-Century Germany: The Chronicle of Petershausen in Translation. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2020, 240 pp." Mediaevistik 34, nr 1 (1.01.2021): 415–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med.2021.01.91.
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Abstract: This volume presents the first English translation of the twelfth-century Chronicle of the Monastery of Petershausen (Casus monasterii Petrishusensis), an account of the history of a Benedictine community on the shores of Lake Constance written over three decades from ca. 1136 to ca. 1164. The anonymous chronicler ‐ very likely the future Abbot Gebhard I (r. 1164‐1170/1173) ‐ was an eyewitness to the most recent events of the chronicle, which charted the fortunes of his community from its late tenth-century foundation to its reform in 1086 by monks of Hirsau to the devastating fire that laid waste to the abbey in 1159. Thanks to the industry of Alison Beach and her fellow translators, readers can now experience the hopes and tribulations of Abbot Gebhard’s community in this lucid new translation.
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Manganaro, Stefano. "Netzwerke in der Ottonenzeit". Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken 100, nr 1 (25.11.2020): 137–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/qufiab-2020-0011.
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AbstractRelationships between kings and monasteries or convents were governed by three privileges: free election, immunity, and royal protection. While the first two privileges have been extensively investigated, royal protection has attracted little attention among medievalists, with the exception of German scholarship. The latter has usually emphasised a specific consequence of the use of this privilege, namely the transfer of ownership rights over the monastery or the convent from the founders’ family to the king. However, this was just one possible effect of royal protection, not necessarily the most common or most important. The distinguishing features of this privilege have been largely ignored, namely its nature as a right in personam, and not in rem, as well as its jurisdictional content, since royal protection allowed protected persons to be judged by the royal court. This article aims to explore the full political potential of royal protection, and to reconstruct the institutional dynamics that the use of this privilege could trigger in the Ottonian period. Two case studies are analysed comparatively: Central Italy and Eastern Saxony. Though different and distant from each other, these two political spaces can be fruitfully compared, as the Ottonians and the religious communities of these areas deliberately decided to make intensive use of royal protection to shape their mutual relationships. This comparative study reveals significant differences in the political application of the privilege in the two regions, in part reflecting a dissimilar understanding of the idea of royal protection itself. This privilege established a bilateral and asymmetrical relationship of variable intensity, which could change in time and space depending on the variable degree of political autonomy enjoyed by the protected abbot (abbess) and his (her) community as well as the different attitude of the king, acting as a lenient judge or as lord of those under his protection.
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Rud, Mykola. "M. Brechkevich (1870–1963) and his contribution to the study of the medieval history of Baltic Pomerania". Ethnic History of European Nations, nr 62 (2020): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2020.62.11.
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In the article based on archival sources and special historical literature, it is given the characteristics of main points of live, scientific and pedagogical work of famous Ukrainian historian, medievalist, the founder of the Department of Ancient and Medieval history in Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Mytrofan Vasyliovych Brechkevych. The research is based on the historicism, scientific and author’s objectivity, general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparation) and special historical (historic-typological and historic-systematic) methods. In the article the contribution of M. V. Brechkevych was analyzed. The author came to the conclusion, that during his professional live Brechkevych remained true to the principles developed at the beginning of his career. He was a historian-positivist, who as the rest of the scientist of this direction considered the historical source to be the main criterion of truth. The main object of Brechkevych’s scientific research was the history of the Pomeranian Slavs of the 12th – 14th centuries, to which he dedicated numbers of his works in the first half of the 20th century. In his first printed work «Sviatopolk – Prince of Pomerania» (Yuriiv, 1902) Brechkevych considered one of the important periods in the history of the East Pomeranian principality, its struggle with the Teutonic Order in the 1240s. The study comprehensively analyzes the question of the origin of princely power in Eastern Pomerania, the relationships of the Eastern Pomeranian principality with Poland. Brechkevych’s main work on the history of Pomerania was his master’s thesis «Introduction to the social history of the principality of Slavia, or Western Pomerania» (Yuriiv, 1911), in which he made an attempt to analyze on the basis of Pomeranian letters and chronicles the process of feudalization in the West Pomeranian lands during the 12th – 13th centuries and the role of German colonists in it. The work describes in details the princely land tenure, the formation of the first Pomeranian monasteries, which became active leaders of Germanization in this region.
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Bogdanov, George. "A library of Charles the Great and her lot". Вісник Книжкової палати, nr 6 (27.06.2022): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36273/2076-9555.2022.6(311).50-52.
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In article has іnterdisciplinary character and is written at the interface of the branches, such as a history of the Middle Ages, a history of the book as well as a history of the librarianship. An aim of article is to sum up the study of development of the royal libraries and their lot by the case of library of emperor Charles the Great, which is considered as first united court library in the Frankish state. In the article traces an author a chronology of development of the certain theories and hypotheses about the structure of the royal library and her lot, which were propounded and developed in the course of the last twelve centuries until early 2014, as it was all over the world celebrated 1200 years since the death of her founder. In consequence of study of the numerous German-language publications, which were published over the last 70 years, was it established, that a substance of collection in the royal library of Charles the Great consists of the publications about the religion, the philosophy, the history and other humanities, which the promіnet persons could use in those days, and also the separate editions about the natural sciences, the manuscripts, few teaching aids and reference books too. Аn author came to the conclusion, that some aspects of activity of the contoversial politician such Charles the Great were studied extremely insufficient. Among their number is a question of the concern of Charles to the librarianship, because a king had found a state library. But he hadn't given at the same time an attention to the problems of conservation of the collections for the posterity, such as to the problems of collecting and filling of the gaps by means of rewriting of the rare works, which were kept in the other institutions, specifically in the monasteries. It is appears in consequence of study of the modern publications about the Early Middle Ages such as about the government of Charles the Great, that the library collections were turned over religious institutions of all sorts after his death in late january 814.
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HUGHES, BARNABY. "ENLIGHTENED MONKS: THE GERMAN BENEDICTINES 1740-1803 by UlrichLehner, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2011, pp. 266, £55.00, hbk, and MONASTIC PRISONS AND TORTURE CHAMBERS: CRIME AND PUNISHMENT IN CENTRAL EUROPEAN MONASTERIES, 1600-1800 by Ulrich Lehner",. New Blackfriars 96, nr 1066 (7.10.2015): 753–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nbfr.1_12152.
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Sabol, Radomír. "Fenomén pútnických pohľadníc a ich náplň (Poznatky o zaniknutej pokladnici v Marianke)". Kultúrne dejiny 14, nr 2 (2023): 180–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.54937/kd.2023.14.2.180-225.
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The paper has the goal of informing on the phenomenon of Catholic pilgrimage treasuries that are set in significant pilgrimage locations. The tradition of creating collections of votive donations goes back to pre-Christian times. The bringing of sacrificial gifts has continued to this day in connection with pilgrimages, reaching its peak in the Baroque era. We will concentrate our attention on Marian pilgrimage treasures within the Central European environment, among which the defunct pilgrim and monastery treasury in Marianka also belonged. In the 18th century, Marianka enjoyed a versatile development that was also reflected in the frequency of treasury collections. Specific collections of the wide spectrum of devotional donations included objects of a sacral and worldly nature. Treasury collections were deposited in secured premises, where they were divided into groups according to their type. In some locations, the collections have survived until the present day and were transformed into museums. As a result of historic events, others were broken up and destroyed. We know about the extensive treasury in Marianka only on the basis of a register created during the destruction of the Paulist monastery. As a result of the reforms under Jozef II, the monastery’s property, along with the treasury collections, were sold at public auction in 1786. From an extensive register of briefly described items, we recognize several selected records, along with a translation of the original register in German. From the number of objects that, according to the register, were stored in the treasury, apparently nothing remained. In this paper, however, we present several objects of which we can say with confidence belonged to the destroyed treasury. Among them figures a rare monstrance, which at present resides in Stupava, along with small votive gifts resembling parts of the human body.
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Marciniak-Kajzer, Anna. "Jak wyglądały późnośredniowieczne kuchnie?" Vox Patrum 59 (25.01.2013): 449–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.4053.
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The Polish word „kuchnia” (kitchen, cooker, cuisine, cooking in English) has at least a few colloquial meanings. Most frequently it is associated with a collection of recipes. Another meaning of the word is a device for cooking, e.g. a gas or an electric cooker or until recently a coal-burning stove. It is also a room, where food is prepared. The word sounds similar in most of the European languages. It might have originated from the German etymon „küch” which means cooking. In many languages the room for food preparation and device for cooking have the same source word. Therefore it is worth considering why there are so few expressions with reference to this important sphere of our life. Historical sources containing information that would render it possible to reconstruct kitchens are scarce and relatively late. It may be suspected that for contemporary people an issue of such a self-evident nature was not worth noting. The paper treats both on written and iconographic sources. On their basis it can be assumed that kitchen as a room functioned only in large castles and monasteries, where meals were prepared for a large number of people. In other residences or even at knights’ manor houses or wealthy bourgeois houses, food was cooked in living (day) rooms, whereas initial preparation might have taken place in front of the building. The development of constructions used for cooking is another issue discussed in this paper. Iconographic sources reveal that meals were most often cooked in open hearths that were initially built on the ground level and subsequently they were placed higher. Another essential concern was smoke removal from above the hearth. Based on iconography it can be claimed that most frequently there was a hood protruding from a wall, the purpose of which was mainly protection against sparks. Not always do we know whether this hood was connected with chimney ducts. Today such a construction is called a fire place and it is used mainly for heating. It seems that placing a hearth in the so-called „wide chimney” was an essential stage in the development of a kitchen as a separate room. As a consequence the entire room „in the chimney” became a kitchen and this may give an answer to the question why there is a lack of extensive vocabulary with reference to the kitchen. Another problem mentioned in the paper are difficulties that archeologists face when they attempt to reconstruct equipment used for cooking on the basis of archeological records obtained during excavations.
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BULIBENKO, GALINA. "Spiritual Aspect of Early Music on The Example of Organ Compositions". Часопис Національної музичної академії України ім.П.І.Чайковського, nr 2(59) (30.06.2023): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31318/2414-052x.2(59).2023.295420.
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The author of the article examines the stereotypical perception of the organ as a church instrument, that is connected with the facts of the construction of the first wind organs after the destruction of the hydrolos precisely in monasteries, as well as it is due to the existence of a large number of musicians-organists who still participate in divine services today. The study, based on the Ukrainian specialized scientific literature, analyzed the problems of the connection of early music with the work of romantic composers. The author notes that there is a need to study baroque symbolism to deepen the understanding of J.S. Bach's music, which is an integral part of the performance training of organists and pianists. The historical roots of early music were discovered as a result of a review of certain sources. It has been proven that music has always been close to the exact sciences - for example, during the early Middle Ages, the "seven liberal arts" that were compulsory to study in schools included the "trivius" (grammar, rhetoric and dialectic) and the "quadrivius" (arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music). The author investigated the gradual transformation of organists from strict "servants of the cult" into concert musicians of the Baroque era. It is noted that the considered period was characterized by the perception of music as a language in which almost everything "speaks": musical form, texture, size, duration of notes, rhythmic pattern, voicing, tempo, tessitura used in the work, etc. The ways of interaction of the organist with the author's text during the study of motivic and numerical symbolism were outlined. Basics were defined for deciphering the J. S. Bach’s work. Classicism is characterized, during its heyday, Bach's compositions were heard mainly in the church. The devaluation of the instrumental works of ancient composers (in particular, J.S. Bach) in the period of romanticism and the transition of the organ to a virtuoso concert instrument are described, using the examples of the techniques of playing the organ by F. Liszt and M. Reger, etc. Late Romanticism is presented as a movement in which the attitude of musicians to the heritage of ancient composers was revised thanks to the German movement "back to Zilbermann" (led by A. Schweitzer). The study gives a description of the specifics that are possible to apply for studying the design of J.S. Bach's work. The urgent need to examine the ancient music as a source of spirituality in the work of modern organ composers is emphasized.