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Bitalo, Daphne Nyachaki. "Implementation of molecular markers for triticale cultivar identification and marker-assisted selection". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71670.
Pełny tekst źródłaTriticale is an amphidiploid that consists of wheat (A and B) and rye (R) genomes. This cereal is fast becoming important on a commercial basis and warrants further assessment for the better management and breeding of the hybrid. The assessment of the genetic diversity among the wheat and rye genomes within triticale can be obtained by using molecular markers developed in both donor genomes. Simple sequence repeats markers (SSRs) and amplified fragment length markers (AFLPs) have been previously used to assess the genetic diversity among triticale lines. SSRs are highly polymorphic markers that are abundant and which have been shown to be highly transferable between species in previous studies while AFLP markers are known to generate plenty of data as they cover so many loci. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a marker system suitable to assess the genetic diversity and relationships of advanced breeding material (and cultivars) of the Stellenbosch University’s Plant Breeding Laboratory (SU-PBL). Therefore, both AFLP and SSR markers were initially analysed using eight triticale cultivars (with known pedigrees) to facilitate cultivar identification. Fourty-two AFLP primer combinations and 86 SSR markers were used to assess the genetic diversity among the Elite triticale cultivars. The AFLP primer combinations generated under average polymorphism information content (PIC) values. Furthermore, these markers generated neighbour-joining (NJ) and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) dendograms that displayed relationships that did not correspond with the available pedigree information. Therefore, this marker system was found not to be suitable. A set of 86 SSRs previously identified in both wheat and rye, was used to test the genetic diversity among the eight cultivars. The markers developed in wheat achieved 84% transferability while those developed in rye achieved 79.3% transferability. A subset of SSR markers was able to distinguish the cultivars, and correctly identify them by generating NJ and UPGMA dendograms that exhibited relationships that corroborated the available pedigree data. This panel of markers was therefore chosen as the most suitable for the assessment of the advanced breeding material. The panel of seven SSR markers was optimised for semi-automated analysis and was used to screen and detect the genetic diversity among 306 triticale entries in the F6, Senior and Elite phases of the SU-PBL triticale breeding programme. An average PIC value of 0.65 was detected and moderate genetic variation was observed. NJ and UPGMA dendograms generated showed no clear groupings. However, the panel of markers managed to accurately identify all cultivars within the breeding program. The marker panel developed in this study is being used to routinely distinguish among the advanced breeding material within the SU-PBL triticale breeding programme and as a tool in molecular-assisted backcross.
von, Ruhland Christopher John. "The molecular basis of modern marker chemistry". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/22318/.
Pełny tekst źródłaJessup, Russell William. "Molecular tools for marker-assisted breeding of buffelgrass". Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2656.
Pełny tekst źródłaOzen, Ilknur. "Neurogenin2, a molecular marker of postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612424.
Pełny tekst źródłaSantos, Nadine Castelhano. "SARP2 as molecular marker of human sperm morphology". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/5800.
Pełny tekst źródłaA fosforilação proteica resulta de um equilíbrio entre fosfatases e quinases constituindo o principal regulador da maioria dos mecanismos existentes nos sistemas biológicos. Muitas doenças (cancro, diabetes, doenças neurodegenerativas, infertilidade, etc.) estão associadas à disrupção deste equilíbrio levando a mudanças nas actividades enzimáticas das proteínas fostatase e quinase. A proteína fosfatase 1 (PP1) é a principal fosfatase serina/treonina sendo ubíqua e altamente conservada nos eucariotas. A PP1 controla várias funções, tais como, a divisão celular, a transcrição, a neurotransmissão, a mobilidade dos espermatozóides, entre outras. A fosforilação proteica é uma das formas de os espermatozóides adquirirem funcionalidade, sendo a proteína PP1γ2 a isoforma mais fortemente enriquecida. Assim, no interior do espermatozóide podemos encontrar a PP1γ2 associada ao comprimento total da cauda e à região equatorial da cabeça, sugerindo uma possível função na mobilidade e reacção acrossómica, respectivamente. Existem inúmeras proteínas que interagem com a PP1γ2 que têm vindo a contribuir para a compreensão do seu papel nas funções fisiológicas do espermatozóide. Apesar de existirem outros, nesta tese, o complexo que serviu de ponto de partida foi o complexo SARP2/PP1γ2. Este complexo inclui uma nova proteína derivada de splicing, primeiramente descrita por Browne e os seus colaboradores em 2007, contendo três isoformas. Nesta tese foi usada a isoforma SARP2. O complexo foi encontrado fortemente enriquecido em espermatozóides e esta descoberta levou a estudos futuros com vista a descobrir a sua função fisiológica no espermatozóide. Usando a proteína SARP2 como um possível marcador molecular procurou-se verificar se era possível distinguir os espermatozóides em normais ou anormais. Considerando a actual necessidade em desenvolver novas técnicas de diagnóstico da infertilidade masculina, a descoberta de biomarcadores pode apresentar uma possível via, especialmente devido à perda de valor da avaliação dos parâmetros de um espermograma. No presente trabalho descobriu-se uma localização sub-celular no espermatozóide diferente da descrita anteriormente. O padrão de expressão da SARP2 é muito variável existindo catorze padrões diferentes do padrão normal encontrado. Contudo não foi possível confirmar com total certeza de que tínhamos um putativo marcador molecular. O presente trabalho fornece dados suficientes para que no futuro se possa realizar um plano experimental optimizado, com mais voluntários, representativo da população Portuguesa. Por fim, é necessário complementar o estudo com testes paralelos (fragmentação do DNA, ROS, etc.) que permitam avaliar a normalidade ou não de um espermatozóide em contraponto com a observada no estudo.
Protein phosphorylation, is the result of a balance between phosphatases and kinases being the key regulator for the major mechanisms in biological systems. Many diseases (cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative conditions, infertility, etc.) are associated to the disruption of this balance leading to changes in the activities of both kinases and phosphatases enzymes. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is a major serine/threonine phosphatase, ubiquitous and conserved in eukaryotes. PP1 controls a variety of functions, such as, cell division, transcription, neurotransmission, sperm motility, among others. Protein phosphorylation is one of the ways by which spermatozoa acquire functionality; being PP1γ2 a sperm enriched protein. Moreover, within spermatozoa PP1γ2 is present along the entire length of the tail and equatorial region of the head, suggesting a role in sperm motility and acrossome reaction, respectively. There are several interacting proteins of PP1γ2 which are leading to a revelation of its role in sperm functions. Although there are others, in this thesis, the complex that was the leading point of the study was the new complex SARP2/PP1γ2. This complex includes a new spliced protein firstly described by Browne and co-workers in 2007, which has three different isoforms. In this thesis SARP2 was the isoform used. The complex was found to be enriched in sperm, and this discovery lead to further studies on the possible role of this complex in sperm functions. The relevance of using SARP2 as a putative molecular marker to distinguish normal and abnormal spermatozoa was studied. Since nowadays there is a urgent need to change the way in which men infertility is being diagnosed, especially by the use of the traditional semen parameters evaluated in a spermogram, the biomarker discovery could be a way. In this thesis it was discovered a subcellular localization within human spermatozoa different from the one described before. The expression pattern of SARP2 is very variable; there are fourteen other patterns besides the normal one. Although, it was not possible to confirm with certain that we had a putative molecular marker. The present study gave enough data to proceed in the future, with the elaboration of an optimized experimental plan using more volunteers, to get a representative sample of the Portuguese population. Finally, it is necessary to complement this study with parallel tests (DNA fragmentation, ROS, etc) to ascertain if having a spermatozoon classified as normal, according to our study, is always synonymous of having a normal spermatozoon.
Liu, Kejun. "Software and Methods for Analyzing Molecular Genetic Marker Data". NCSU, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07182003-122001/.
Pełny tekst źródłaBerry, Simon. "Molecular marker analysis of cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)". Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301959.
Pełny tekst źródłaChani, Eduard. "Molecular marker analysis of a segregating monoploid potato family". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29792.
Pełny tekst źródłaPh. D.
Mills, Claire A. "Molecular and non-molecular approaches to creating marker-free transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13687.
Pełny tekst źródłaJung, Renata. "Identification of Molecular Markers for Marker-Assisted Selection of Malting Quality and Associated Traits in Barley". Diss., North Dakota State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25241.
Pełny tekst źródłaAmerican Malting Barley Association
Srivastava, Ashok K. "Search for the marker of physiological state in Clostridium acetobutylicum". Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74323.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe application of theoretical stoichiometric pathway models and on-line NADH fluorescence measurements proved a useful tool in an attempt to assess the intracellular redox state of the solventogenic culture under different growth conditions.
Correlations of key process parameters confirmed the importance of NADH as a regulatory substance in the cell metabolism. A solventogenic culture accumulates more NADH than that in the acidogenic phase. It features an inverse relationship between the specific butanol accumulation rate $(q sb{B})$ and the specific fluorescence (F/X). Fluorescence was also demonstrated to be a suitable control parameter for the regulation of the medium feed rate resulting in constant butanol levels in the fed batch culture.
An improved unstructured mathematical model of the culture system represented the batch acidogenic and continuous culture solventogenic metabolism. However, the culture growth lag occurring in solventogenic transient cultures could only be represented by a structured mathematical culture model which included the markers of "culture growth" (RNA) and "reductive capabilities" (NADH fluorescence) of C. acetobutylicum.
Mao, Pei-Lin. "Molecular characterization of statin, a protein marker for non-proliferating cells". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59812.
Pełny tekst źródłaDockter, Rhyan B. "Genome Snapshot and Molecular Marker Development in Penstemon (Plantaginaceae)". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2512.
Pełny tekst źródłaRandhawa, Mandeep Singh. "Molecular Mapping of Rust Resistance in Wheat: Discovery to Deployment". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17216.
Pełny tekst źródłaQureshi, Naeela. "Rust Resistance in Wheat: Gene Discovery and Development of Molecular Markers Using Diverse Genomic Resources". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18003.
Pełny tekst źródłaCabral, Maria Madalena Ribeiro. "Caspase 3: a potential marker for in vitro fertilization outcome". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/11733.
Pełny tekst źródłaMundialmente é estimado que aproximadamente 70 milhões de casais tenham problemas de infertilidade, o que corresponde a um em cada sete casais em idade reprodutiva. O rápido aumento de problemas reprodutivos nas últimas décadas sugere uma maior probabilidade deste aumento ser devido a factores do estilo de vida e/ou ambientais, do que resultado de uma variação genética. Em Portugal 2,2% dos bébes nascidos resultam de técnicas de reprodução medicamente assistida. A transferência de vários embriões realizada, por vezes, no decurso destas técnicas pode resultar em gravidezes múltiplas, o que advém em complicações bem conhecidas para as mães e os bébes. São necessárias novas ferramentas de diagnóstico para que se possa transferir menos embriões com resultados similares ou melhores. Neste estudo foi investigado o impacto de vários factores do estilo de vida no potencial reprodutivo de 47 casais que recorreram a técnicas de reprodução medicamente assistida. Para além disso, foi realizada também, a correlação entre os níveis de expressão de um marcador da apoptose (caspase-3 clivada) nas células do cumulus do ovócito e a obtenção de uma gravidez (n=30). Uma concentração significativamente (p<0.01)) maior de caspase-3 clivada foi observada nas células do cumulus dos casais que não obtiveram uma gravidez. Dada a dificuldade de obter respostas reais nos questionários dos voluntários e a pequena dimensão da amostra para avaliar parâmetros com tanta variação inter-individual, o estudo não conseguiu obter resultados estatísticamente significativos na correlação do impacto de factores do estilo de vida no potencial reprodutivo. O estudo permitiu concluir que o nível de caspase-3 clivada nas células do cumulus parece ser um bom marcador da qualidade ovocitária e um bom predictor do resultado de gravidez.
Worldwide it is estimated that approximately 70 million couples suffer from infertility, which corresponds to one in each seven couples at fertility age. The rapid increase in reproductive problems in recent decades suggests that they are more likely to be caused by lifestyle and/or environmental factors than as a result of genetic variations. In Portugal 2.2% of the babies born result from an assisted reproduction technology (ART) technique. The multiple embryo transfer performed sometimes in ART techniques may result in multiple pregnancies, which have well known complications for mothers and babies. New diagnostic tools are needed to improve embryo selection, in order to transfer less embryos to achieve similar or better results. In this study the impact of lifestyle factors on the reproductive potential of 47 couples who resort to ART was investigated. Also, the correlation between the expression levels of an apoptotic marker (cleaved caspase-3) in oocytes cumulus cells and the achievement of pregnancy was performed (n=30). Significant (p<0.01) higher concentration of cleaved caspase-3 was observed in cumulus cells of couples who did not achieve pregnancy. Given the difficulty in obtain reliable answers from the volunteers in the questionnaires and the small sample size to evaluate parameters with such a wide inter-subject variability it failed to give conclusive statistical significant data in the lifestyle impact into reproductive potential. The present study allowed concluding that the level of cleaved caspase 3 in cumulus cells appears to be a good marker of oocytes quality and predictor of pregnancy outcome.
Mendez, Gregory Scott. "Dinoflagellate genomic organization and phylogenetic marker discovery utilizing deep sequencing data". Thesis, University of Maryland, College Park, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10159160.
Pełny tekst źródłaDinoflagellates possess large genomes in which most genes are present in many copies. This has made studies of their genomic organization and phylogenetics challenging. Recent advances in sequencing technology have made deep sequencing of dinoflagellate transcriptomes feasible. This dissertation investigates the genomic organization of dinoflagellates to better understand the challenges of assembling dinoflagellate transcriptomic and genomic data from short read sequencing methods, and develops new techniques that utilize deep sequencing data to identify orthologous genes across a diverse set of taxa. To better understand the genomic organization of dinoflagellates, a genomic cosmid clone of the tandemly repeated gene Alchohol Dehydrogenase (AHD) was sequenced and analyzed. The organization of this clone was found to be counter to prevailing hypotheses of genomic organization in dinoflagellates. Further, a new non-canonical splicing motif was described that could greatly improve the automated modeling and annotation of genomic data. A custom phylogenetic marker discovery pipeline, incorporating methods that leverage the statistical power of large data sets was written. A case study on Stramenopiles was undertaken to test the utility in resolving relationships between known groups as well as the phylogenetic affinity of seven unknown taxa. The pipeline generated a set of 373 genes useful as phylogenetic markers that successfully resolved relationships among the major groups of Stramenopiles, and placed all unknown taxa on the tree with strong bootstrap support. This pipeline was then used to discover 668 genes useful as phylogenetic markers in dinoflagellates. Phylogenetic analysis of 58 dinoflagellates, using this set of markers, produced a phylogeny with good support of all branches. The Suessiales were found to be sister to the Peridinales. The Prorocentrales formed a monophyletic group with the Dinophysiales that was sister to the Gonyaulacales. The Gymnodinales was found to be paraphyletic, forming three monophyletic groups. While this pipeline was used to find phylogenetic markers, it will likely also be useful for finding orthologs of interest for other purposes, for the discovery of horizontally transferred genes, and for the separation of sequences in metagenomic data sets.
Benazir, Katarina Marquez. "Molecular Marker Applications in Oat (Avena Sativa L.) Breeding and Germplasm Diagnostics". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31148.
Pełny tekst źródłaRauwolf, Uwe. "Mapping of genomes and plastomes of subsection Oenothera with molecular marker technologies". Diss., kostenfrei, 2008. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8976/.
Pełny tekst źródłaCartier, Mireille. "Bacterial asparagine synthetase gene as a dominant and amplifiable marker in mammalian cells". Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74617.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis gene, coding for asparagine synthetase (AS), was first shown to complement mammalian cells lacking an endogenous AS enzyme. These transfectants proved highly resistant to the glutamine analog albizziin, which inhibits the mammalian AS enzyme. This finding allowed us to use the bacterial AS gene as a dominant marker in wild type mammalian cells, selecting with asparagine-free medium containing albizziin.
Thereafter, amplification of the AS marker in transfectants was achieved through selection of cells in increasing concentrations of the asparagine analog $ beta$-aspartyl hydroxamate (AH).
Studies on the use of the AS marker, alone or in conjunction with other markers, to select for stable, amplified transfectants producing one or more co-transfected gene products are also reported.
Jensen, Jennifer. "The largest subunit of RNA polymerase II as a molecular marker for inferring land plant phylogeny". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6333.
Pełny tekst źródłaPalumbo, Fabio. "Exploiting genomics and molecular markers for plant genetics and breeding". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422297.
Pełny tekst źródłaI marcatori co-dominanti, tra cui i Microsatelliti (o SSR), sono strumenti molecolari ampiamente utilizzati nell’ambito della ricerca di base e applicata in specie di interesse alimentare. Tra le possibili applicazioni ricordiamo il loro impiego per studi di tracciabilità genetica di prodotti alimentari, per analisi di diversità genetica di varietà locali e identità genetica di varietà moderne e per il miglioramento genetico. Infatti gli SSR sono noti per essere altamente polimorfici e discriminanti, ben distribuiti all’interno del genoma, non influenzati da fattori ambientali, più efficienti e robusti dei marcatori fenotipici nelle analisi di diversità tra genotipi. Tuttavia, un’indagine condotta su 90 articoli scientifici basati sull’identificazione varietale delle specie economicamente più rilevanti in Italia, ha messo in luce la mancanza di un approccio comune tra gli autori in relazione alle strategie da utilizzare per questo tipo di studi. Inoltre lo studio ha evidenziato il bisogno improrogabile di stabilire procedure comuni riguardanti: i) i criteri da adottare per la scelta dei marcatori SSR ii) i parametri genetici più utili a questo scopo. Per dimostrare il potenziale di questa classe di marcatori, vengono presentati due casi studio. Il primo, che ha come oggetto Agordino, un’antica varietà locale veneta di orzo (Hordeum vulgare L.), ha permesso di enfatizzare la possibilità concreta di utilizzare i microsatelliti per la tracciabilità genetica di varietà locali ed, in particolare, di prodotti alimentari derivati. La caratterizzazione delle quattro principali varietà di mais (Zea mays L.) in Veneto -Sponcio, Marano, Biancoperla e Rosso Piave- attraverso marcatori SSR si è dimostrata invece estremamente utile per monitorare e prevenire fenomeni di erosione genetica, consentendo così di preservare la ricchezza genetica che le caratterizza, la loro identità fenotipica e i tratti qualitativi. Nonostante l’interesse economico di alcune specie, non è così raro per i ricercatori doversi interfacciare con la totale mancanza di dati SSR e, più in generale, di informazioni genomiche. Finocchio (Foeniculum vulgare Mill., 2n=2x=22), a tal proposito, rappresenta un esempio calzante. Per sopperire a questa carenza di dati, è stato condotto un sequenziamento su piattaforma Illumina Hiseq 2500, permettendo così l’assemblaggio del prima bozza del genoma di finocchio in 300408 sequenze. La successiva annotazione ha consentito quindi di individuare e caratterizzare 103306 regioni altamente ripetute. Di queste, 40 scelte in modo casuale per il disegno di primer specifici, sono state testate e 14 sono state validate su una popolazione commerciale di 118 individui potenzialmente fruibili per lo sviluppo di ibridi F1. Inoltre, il primo trascrittoma di foglia di finocchio è stato prodotto sovrapponendo due trascrittomi uno assemblato de novo e l’altro in silico, tramite allineamento sul genoma. 47775 dei 79263 trascritti totali sono stati annotati e 11853 risultano contenere una sequenza codificante completa. L’assemblaggio ha quindi consentito l’identificazione di loci coinvolti nella via biosintetica dei trans-anetolo, componente preponderante degli oli essenziali di finocchio e noto per le sue abilità nel ridurre dolori gastro-intestinali nonché per la sua attività antitrombotica e ipotensiva. Analisi dettagliate hanno infine messo in luce 1011 trascritti codificanti per fattori di trascrizione (FT), 6411 microsatelliti (EST-SSR), 3955 inserzioni/delezioni e 43237 polimorfismi a singolo nucleotide (SNP). I marcatori di tipo SNP costituiscono un’altra classe di marcatori codominanti largamente sfruttati per la caratterizzazione di geni ad eredità Mendeliana e per l’analisi di poligeni o loci codificanti tratti quantitativi (QTL). Attraverso un approccio di genotipizzazione tramite sequenziamento (GBS) è stata costruita la prima mappa genetica in radicchio (Cichorium intybus L. subsp. intybus var. foliosum, 2n=2x=18) utilizzando una popolazione BC1 (ottenuta tramite tecniche di reincrocio) segregante 1:1 per il tratto “maschio sterilità”. Questo studio ha permesso di localizzare finemente il gene nucleare della maschio sterilità Cims1 all’interno del gruppo di associazione 9 e ha consentito l’identificazione di 4 SNP co-segreganti a 0 cM con il suddetto gene. Considerato che questa forma di maschio-sterilità, controllata da un singolo allele recessivo nucleare, è uno dei metodi più efficaci per produrre ibridi F1, questi risultati saranno di estrema utilità per studi di miglioramento genetico.
Cicek, Mine. "Genetic marker analysis of three major carbohydrates in soybean seeds". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29300.
Pełny tekst źródłaPh. D.
Rattanaprasert, Monchaya. "Construction of a Nisin-Controlled Expression Vector, a Derivative of pMSP3535 for Alternative Selectable Marker". The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1253160902.
Pełny tekst źródłaJan, Hikmat Ullah. "Efficiency of QTL mapping based on least squares, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian approaches under high marker density". Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2016. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/7521.
Pełny tekst źródłaMade available in DSpace on 2016-04-20T08:36:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 855396 bytes, checksum: 65fccf789cd10380472c42953c3e14dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-19
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Os principais estudos sobre eficiência de mapeamento de locos determinantes de caracteres quantitativos (QTLs) assumiram poucos QTLs de efeito maior, nenhum gene de efeito menor, e reduzida densidade de marcadores moleculares. Este estudo avaliou a eficiência das análises de quadrados mínimos (regressão), de máxima verossimilhança e Bayesiana para o mapeamento de QTLs, assumindo alta densidade de polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único (SNPs), zero a três QTLs e oito ou nove genes de efeitos menores em cada cromossomo, e reduzida proporção da variância fenotípica explicada por cada QTL (reduzida herdabilidade de QTL). Foram também avaliadas a influência do grau de dominância, da herdabilidade, do tamanho amostral, da densidade de marcadores e do efeito de QTL, e as conseqüências do ajuste de modelo aditivo-dominante na ausência de dominância, no mapeamento de QTLs. Foram simuladas 50 amostras de 400 indivíduos F2, os quais foram genotipados em relação a 1000 SNPs (densidade média de um SNP a cada centimorgan) e fenotipados para três caracteres apresentando distintos graus de dominância (dominância unidirecional positiva, dominância bidirecional e ausência de dominância). Para cada característica foi assumido controle por 12 QTLs e 88 genes de efeito menor, distribuídos nas regiões cromossômicas cobertas pelos SNPs (10 cromossomos). As herdabilidade foram 0.3 e 0.7 e os tamanhos amostrais foram 200 e 400. As análises de máxima verossimilhança e de regressão foram equivalentes quanto à eficiência. O mapeamento de QTL não é influenciado pelo grau de dominância, mas é afetado pela herdabilidade, pelo tamanho amostral, pela densidade de marcas e pelo efeito de QTL. A análise Bayesiana apresentou maior poder de detecção de QTLs, maior precisão de mapeamento, e maior número de falso-positivos em comparação às análises de máxima verossimilhança e de regressão. O fator que mais afeta o mapeamento de QTLs é o efeito do QTL.
Previous studies on quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping efficiency assumed few QTLs of higher effect, no minor genes, and low marker density. This study assessed the efficiency of the least squares, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian approaches for QTL mapping assuming high single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) density, zero to three QTLs and eight or nine minor genes per chromosome, and low proportion of the phenotypic variance explained by each QTL. We simulated 50 samples of 400 F2 individuals, which were genotyped for 1,000 SNPs (average density of one SNP/centiMorgan) and phenotyped for three traits controlled by 12 QTLs and 88 minor genes. The genes were randomly distributed in the regions covered by the SNPs along 10 chromosomes. The heritabilities were 0.3 and 0.7, and the sample sizes were 200 and 400. The least squares and maximum likelihood approaches were equivalent. The QTL mapping efficiency was not influenced by the degree of dominance but it was affected by heritability, sample size, marker density, and QTL effect. The Bayesian analysis showed greater power of QTL detection, mapping precision, and number of false- positives compared to the least squares and maximum likelihood approaches. The most important factor affecting the QTL mapping efficiency is the QTL effect.
Havervall, Carolina. "CXCL13: A Prognostic Marker in Multiple Sclerosis". Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3656.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the demyelinating autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis (MS) there is a great need for validated prognostic biomarkers that can give information about both prognosis and disease course. So far only clinical parameters have been shown to predict future outcome. CXCL13 is a potent B cell chemoattractant that has been suggested to be a potential biomarker candidate. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of CXCL13 as a prognostic biomarker for MS.
Clinical, paraclinical, laboratory and MRI data about a large group of MS patients and controls were collected. CXCL13 levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from these patients were determined by standard enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
In general CXCL13 were increased in CSF in MS, especially in relapsing-remitting MS during relapses, i.e. with ongoing inflammations in the central nervous system. CXCL13 is a good candidate prognostic marker for MS, since newly diagnosed MS with high CXCL13 levels showed worsened disease course within five years. Most importantly, MS conversion occurred in higher rate in possible MS patients with high concentrations of CXCL13 in CSF, and in a shorter time point. This observation may support an early treatment decision in these patients.
In conclusion, this study provides support for an association between CXCL13 levels in the CSF and later development of disease severity in MS.
Mahmoud, Sayed Hassan. "Biochemical marker genes for molecular genetics and plant breeding in Pisum sativum L". Thesis, Durham University, 1985. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7853/.
Pełny tekst źródłaVeikondis, Rene. "Genetic characterisation of fungal disease resistance genes in grapevine using molecular marker technology". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96090.
Pełny tekst źródłaENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study on grapevine was to genetically characterise, validate and map the reported fungal disease resistance genes of Pölöskei Muskotály (PM), Kishmish Vatkana (KV) and Villard Blanc (VB) in South Africa using QTL analysis. These fungal resistant parents were crossed with other varieties that have desirable fruit qualities in an effort to combine fungal disease resistance with desirable fruit qualities in a single variety. The genetic basis of PM’s resistance to downy and powdery mildew has not been investigated before. It does however have VB in its pedigree so the assumption was made that the same QTL/genes present in VB contribute to this resistance. KV’s resistance to powdery mildew reportedly originates from the REN1 gene located on chromosome 13. VB’s powdery and downy mildew resistance is conferred by QTL present on chromosome 15 and chromosome 18 respectively and has been reported in numerous studies. The study populations comprised of 124 F1 PM x Regal Seedless plants, 16 F1 PM x G4-3418 plants, 14 F1 PM x Sunred Seedless plants, 158 F1 Sunred Seedless x KV plants and 250 F1 VB x G1-6604 plants. DNA was extracted from the leaves and all plants were screened using microsatellite markers. Phenotypic evaluations of downy and/or powdery mildew resistance were performed on the appropriate populations. The molecular data was used to generate linkage maps and combined with phenotypic data to perform QTL analysis. From the molecular data generated for the three PM populations it was determined that the F1 progeny inherited almost exclusively maternal alleles, and could not be used in a mapping study. These populations were eliminated from the study and PM will be used as a pollen donor in future. Molecular data from the Sunred Seedless x KV cross was used to generate a linkage map for chromosome 13 comprising eight markers and spanning 45.6 cM. When combined with the data from two powdery mildew phenotypic screens a QTL peak spanning the REN1 gene on chromosome 13 of KV was identified. This locus explains between 44.8% and 57.7% of the phenotypic variance observed. The molecular data from the VB x G1-6604 cross was used to generate partial linkage maps for chromosome 15 and 18. Eleven markers were mapped on chromosome 15 spanning 56.4 cM, and ten markers were mapped on chromosome 18 spanning 101.8 cM. When the chromosome 15 linkage map was combined with the data from two powdery mildew phenotypic screens a QTL associated with powdery mildew resistance was identified on chromosome 15 that explains between 18.9% and 23.9% of the phenotypic variance observed. Likewise a QTL associated with downy mildew resistance was identified on chromosome 18 when the chromosome 18 linkage map was combined with data from two downy mildew phenotypic screens. This QTL explains between 19.1% and 21.2% of the phenotypic variance observed. This study succeeded in genetically characterising the fungal disease resistance genes of two different sources of grapevine and provided exclusionary information on a third resistance source for future breeding applications.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie in wingerd was om die genetiese komponent van die swamweerstandsgene van Pölöskei Muskotály (PM), Kishmish Vatkana (KV) and Villard Blanc (VB) in Suid-Afrika te karakteriseer en die teenwoordigheid daarvan te bevestig deur ʼn Kwantitatiewe Eienskap Lokus (KEL) benadering te volg. In ʼn poging om swamweerstand en goeie vrugeienskappe te kombineer in ʼn enkel variëteit is die weerstandige variëteite met vatbare variëteite gekruis wat goeie vrugeienskappe besit. Die genetiese basis van PM se weerstand teen donsskimmel en witroes is nog nie vantevore bestudeer nie. VB is een van sy voorgeslagte en daar is aangeneem dat dieselfde KEL/gene waarskynlik verantwoordelik is vir die weerstand. Dit is gerapporteer dat KV se witroesweerstand afkomstig is van die REN1 geen op chromosoom 13. Vele publikasies rapporteer VB se weerstand teen witroes en donsskimmel Beide die witroes- en donsskimmelweerstand word oorgedra deur KEL teenwoordig op chromosome 15 en 18 onderskeidelik. Die populasies gebruik in hierdie studie het bestaan uit 124 F1 PM x Regal Seedless plante, 16 F1 PM x G4-3418 plante, 14 F1 PM x Sunred Seedless, 158 F1 Sunred Seedless x KV plante en 250 F1 VB x G1-6604 plante onderskeidelik. Blare is versamel vir DNS isolasie en genotipering met mikrosatellietmerkers. Al drie populasies se weerstand teen donsskimmel en/of witroes is fenotipies geëvalueer. Die molekulêre data is gebruik om genetiese koppelingskaarte op te stel en gekombineer met die fenotipiese data om KEL analise uit te voer. Die molekulêre data van die drie PM populasies het daarop gedui dat die F1 nageslag amper uitsluitlik moederlike allele geërf het en kon gevolglik nie gebruik word in die studie nie. Die PM populasies is uitgesluit uit hierdie studie en PM sal voortaan as stuifmeelskenker gebruik word. Molekulêre data van die Sunred Seedless x KV kruising is gebruik om ʼn koppelingskaart vir chromosoom 13 op te stel wat 45.6 cM lank is en agt merkers bevat. Die KEL analise van die koppelingskaart en twee fenotipiese datastelle vir witroes het ʼn KEL piek geïdentifiseer wat oor die lengte van die REN1 geen-interval strek. Hierdie lokus is verantwoordelik vir 44.8% tot 57.7% van die fenotipiese variasie wat waargeneem word. Molekulêre data van die VB x G1-6604 kruising is gebruik om gedeeltelike koppelingskaarte vir chromosome 15 en 18 op te stel. Elf merkers karteer op die chromosoom 15 kaart van 56.4 cM en tien merkers karteer op die chromosoom 18 kaart van 101.8 cM. KEL analise van chromosoom 15 se koppelingskaart en twee witroes fenotipiese datastelle het ʼn KEL geïdentifiseer wat 18.9% tot 23.9% van die fenotipiese variasie verduidelik. ʼn KEL is ook op chromosoom 18 geïdentifiseer wat 19.1% tot 21.2% van die fenotipiese variasie verduidelik met die gekombineerde analise van chromosoom 18 se koppelingskaart en twee donsskimmel fenotipiese datastelle. Hierdie studie het die genetiese komponent van die swamweerstandsgene van twee Vitis variëteite suksesvol gekarakteriseer en bevestig. Waardevolle telingsinligting oor die derde variëteit is ook onthul.
Liu, Sixin. "Molecular marker analysis of adult plant resistance to powdery mildew in common wheat". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11236.
Pełny tekst źródłaPh. D.
Schrag, Tobias A. "Prediction of hybrid performance in maize using molecular markers". [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:100-opus-3035.
Pełny tekst źródłaCardona, Cadavid Henry [UNESP]. "Contagem de células somáticas no leite de búfalas e sua aplicação na seleção para resistência à mastite". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102792.
Pełny tekst źródłaFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Na bovinocultura de leite, a alta contagem de células somáticas (CCS) é considerada indicativo da condição de mastite. A mastite ainda continua sendo a doença de maior prevalência em gado leiteiro, causando altos custos. Em rebanhos bufalinos no estado de São Paulo, a presença de mastite subclínica e clínica representam 1,5% e 18,77%, respectivamente, das búfalas em lactação. Isto pode levar à diminuição na produção e na qualidade do leite. Considerando-se que não é possível erradicar essa doença devido a sua origem ser multifatorial (fatores genéticos e ambientais), todos os esforços devem ser concentrados no sentido de manter sua prevalência a mais baixa possível. Assim sendo, o objetivo de nosso estudo foi estimar os parâmetros genéticos para a CCS e produção de leite e identificar polimorfismos nos genes B-defensina 1 e 4. Na estimação dos parâmetros genéticos para a CCS e produção de leite (P305) foram utilizadas 4.907 lactações de 1986 búfalas contidas no arquivo zootécnico mantido pelo Departamento de Zootecnia da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias da UNESP de Jaboticabal, as quais foram analisadas por meio de inferência bayesiana em análises bicaracterística, empregou-se um modelo animal. Para a caracterização dos genes b-defensina 1 e 4 foram utilizadas amostras de DNA genômico de 132 búfalas de diferentes regiões do estado de São Paulo, empregou-se a técnica de PCR/RFLP (Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/ Polimorfismo do Comprimento dos xiii Fragmentos de Restrição). As estimativas de herdabilidade da CCSt (h2=0.27) e da P305 (h2=0.25) foram...
In dairy cows, high-somatic cell count (CCS) in milk is considered indicative of the mastitis condition of the mammary gland. Mastitis, inflammation of the mammary glands of dairy animals both clinical and subclinical, results in significant economic losses because of lower milk yields and its degraded quality, early culling and loss of genetic potential, higher veterinary expenses and increased labour costs for a farmer. In buffaloes from São Paulo State, the presence of clinical and subclinical mastitis represent losses between 1,5% and 18,77% of dairy milk buffaloes. This fact causes a diminution of production in the milk quality, interfering in mozzarella production, which is to making utilizing this specie milk. We known that is not possible disappear this illness because their multifactorial source (genetics and environmental factors), all effort will be concentrated in the direction of to keep the prevalence as low that possible. Because the importance of the mastitis in animal dairy, in the last year increase the number of study of defensin genes, which are a group of multifunctional peptides, due to the role played by defensins in defending animals from bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, the genes encoding them seem to be potential markers of the genetically determined susceptibility (or resistance) of the mammary gland. Defensins are present not only in the mammary gland, but also in milk, as well as in leukocyte granules and in macrophages which constitute a part of milk cell population. The β-defensins are cationic peptides. It is a group of antimicrobiana peptides with antibiotic and cytotoxic activity against bacterium xv viruses and fungi. Interest in the β-defensins has grown substantially in recent years, because of their antimicrobiana properties and because... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Lin, Wen-chang. "Histochemical expressing genes as ultrasensitive markers for micrometastasis studies". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1059657986.
Pełny tekst źródłaSorenson, Laurie. "Molecular Marker Development for the Discrimination of Atlantic and Pacific Blue Marlin (Makaira nigricans)". W&M ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617910.
Pełny tekst źródłaAladowicz, E. "RALP, A NOVEL PROGNOSTIC MOLECULAR MARKER IN MELANOMA, IS INVOLVED IN THE NOTCH PATHWAY". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/155518.
Pełny tekst źródłaPonza, Pattareeya, i pattareeya pon@biotec or th. "Molecular markers of ecotoxicological interest in the rainbowfish Melanotaenia fluviatilis". RMIT University. Applied Science, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080102.121231.
Pełny tekst źródłaUtsunomiya, Adam Taiti Harth [UNESP]. "Desenvolvimento e implementação de modelos para simulação de dados SNPs". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92613.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Um grande volume de informações de marcadores SNPs vem sendo produzidos e aplicados a metodologias de avaliação genética animal. A quantidade de informações disponíveis faz-se um desafio, pois armazená-las e processar-las é demandante computacionalmente. Então, propôs-se com este trabalho 2 algoritmos (MLOCO e MSNP) para simular dados SNPs como alternativa de minimizar a demanda por processamento e consumo de memória computacional. MLOCO simula SNP como um loco que possui configuração de alelos, posição no genoma e efeitos sobre a expressão de fenótipos (nulos para SNP). MSNP simula SNP apenas como loco que possui configuração de alelos e posição no genoma. Ao nível de cromossomo, para MLOCO, poligenes, QTLs e SNPs são armazenados em um único vetor de acordo com suas localizações. Para MSNP, poligenes, QTLs e SNPs também são armazenados de acordo com suas localizações, porém em vetores específicos para cada tipo de loco. Considerando o consumo de memória, MLOCO é menos eficiente porque armazena um número de variáveis maior (efeito do loco, mesmo que seja zero). MSNP não armazena esta variável. Quanto à velocidade de processamento, MLOCO é mais eficiente porque os locos são armazenados de maneira seqüencial, facilitando a amostragem dos alelos devido a variável “posição”, para formação de um gameta e consequentemente um indivíduo. Como o fator limitante na realização de simulações e utilizações de dados é a memória RAM, o MSNP é a melhor alternativa para simular dados SNPs
A large amount of information of SNPs markers have been produced and applied methodologies in genetic evaluation. The amount of information available makes it challenging, for storing and processing them is computationally expansive. So, it was proposed in this paper two algorithms (MLOCO and MSNP) to simulate data SNPs as an alternative to minimize the demand for processing and consumption of computer memory. MLOCO simulates SNP as a locus that has configuration of alleles, position in the genome and its effects on the expression phenotypes (null for SNP). MSNP SNP simulates only locus that has position and configuration of alleles. At the level of the chromosome to MLOCO, polygenes, QTLs and SNPs are stored in a single vector according to their locations. To MSNP, polygenes, QTLs and SNPs are also stored according to their locations, but in specific vectors for each locus type. Whereas the memory consumption, MLOCO is less efficient because stores a greater number of variables (locus effect, even if it is zero). MSNP does not store this variable. As for processing speed, MLOCO is more efficient because the loci are stored sequentially, facilitating the sampling of alleles due to the variable position to form a gamete and hence an individual. As the limiting factor in simulations and use data is the RAM memory, the MSNP is the best alternative for simulating SNPs data
Grando, Carolina. "Aspectos da demografia do cajueiro-do-campo (Anacardium humile) em áreas de Cerrado do Estado de São Paulo e construção de bibliotecas enriquecidas de microssatélites para a espécie". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-19022010-100235/.
Pełny tekst źródłaBrazilian cerrado is one of the richest and plants endemism biomes, but with a high deforestation in the last decades, resulted in habitats fragmentation and extinction threat of hundreds of plant species. Among these threatened species is Anacardium humile, known as cajuzinho-do-campo, a camephyth plant with a wide distribution through the country, which serves as aliment to man and some animals and presents some medical properties. Studies about Anacardium humiles populations structure are very scarce in the literature, and its understanding is fundamental to the preservation and conservation of the species. Thus, the present work had two objectives: 1) in two distincts cerrado plant physiognomies, estimate the abundance of species ramets, its spatial distribution pattern in macro and microscale, and the influence of canopy openness percentage in the determination of this pattern; 2) construction of a genomic enriched library with microsatellites to the species and primers design from this library, to isolate loci with potential to be used as genetic markers. In relation to the first objective, three 0,5 ha quadrats, divided in 200 contiguous quadrats of 25 m2, were installed (two in a typical cerrado to cerradão fragment and one in an open cerrado fragment), and all species ramets were sampled by count, being differentiated in with and without Contarinia sp attack ((Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Photographies of the center of each parcel were taken to determinate the percentage of canopys openness. The abundance of ramets were higher in the most opened areas, but the incidence of Contarinia sp attack were higher in the closest fragment. Macroscale (Dispersion Index) and microscale analysis (Spatial Autocorrelation) showed that species ramets present an aggregated pattern in both areas, but this aggregation is not related to the percentage of canopys openness, although there are significant differences to this last factor among the grids, indicating that pattern is due to its way of life. In relation to the second objective, the construction of genomic library enriched with microsatellites resulted in 180 clones, which 84 were sequenced, being detected 23 sequences containing microsatellites, representing a librarys enrichment of 27,38%. 15 primers pairs were designed among the 34 obtained microsatellites, but only 7 pairs amplified. From these, five pairs were visualized in acrylamide, and one polymorphic loco was observed. The number of obtained clones is in accordance with the observed in studies with another species from Anacardiaceae family, showing protocols efficiency. Problems with the optimization of reagents may have impeded the amplification of some primers, once that procedures to their design were suitable. Polymorphism results are preliminaries, due to low number of evaluated individuals. At least one loco presents potential as genetic marker.
Laus, Ana Carolina. "Caracterização citogenética molecular de cromossomos marcadores extranumerários". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17135/tde-06042009-143340/.
Pełny tekst źródłaChromosomal rearrangements involving supernumerary marker chromosomes are frequently found in patients with mental retardation, growth defects and malformations. The genetic materials presented in trisomy/tetrasomy are responsible by distinct and unspecific clinical symptoms. The phenotypic variation is related mainly to different mosaicismo degrees, genetic content and chromosomal origin. Thus, the characterization of marker chromosomes is important to determine the prognosis and genetic counseling to the patients and their families. The aim of this study was to analyze supernumerary marker chromosomes using conventional and molecular cytogenetic techniques. Eleven patients were included in this study, all assisted in Medical Genetic Division of Clinical Hospital of School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto USP. They all presented supernumerary marker chromosomes detected by GTG band. The origin and composition were determined using Spectral Karyotype (SKY) and Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) techniques. To ten patients, the origin and composition were determined. Two patients presented inverted duplications of chromosome 15, and their karyotype were defined as 47,XY,+idic(15)(pterq15::q15pter) and 47,XX,+idic(15)(pterq21::q21p11.2), one patient had a derivative chromosome 15, with karyotype 47,XX,+der(15)(pterq21), and two patients, a girl and her father, had two derivatives chromosomes 15, with karyotypes 48,XX,+2der(15)(pterq12) e 48,XY,+2der(15)(pterq12), respectively. Two patients presented derivative chromosomes 9 and their karyotype were defined as 47,XX,+der(9)(pterq21) and 47,XX,+der(9)(pterq32), and one patient had a derivative chromosome 4, with karyotype 47,XX,+der(4)(p16q21)[9]/48,XX,+der(4)(p16q21),+mar[91]. One patient had a translocated marker chromosome, derivative 22, [47,XY,+der(22)t(11;22)(q25:q11.2)] and another patient had a translocated marker chromosome, derivative 15 [47,XY,+der(15)t(15;16)(q13;q13)]. In one case, was not possible to define the origin and composition of the marker chromosome using SKY and FISH techniques. A large phenotypic variation is associated with supernumerary marker chromosomes and many times, the prognosis and genetic counseling is difficult to determine. The molecular cytogenetic techniques are important tools to its characterization, during prenatal diagnosis or to a family with an affected person, helping the genetic mapping of each region to a future correlation karyotype-genotype-phenotype.
Batista, Carlos Eduardo de Araujo. "Diversidade genética molecular em germoplasma de mangueira". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-20022013-151550/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a tropical fruit of Asiatic origin and one of the main fruits traded worldwide. The mango crop presents a potencial for further expansion of fruits and derivative trades mainly export qualities. The average world production is 26 million tons. Breeding programs need to develop mango cultivars having the highest aggregate number of agronomic traits. Knowledge of both the genetic variability and structure is aimed by mango culture breeders due to perennial species as well as to the long period of time to obtain new cultivars. In this study, the genetic diversity and structure of the germplasm bank in 151 acessions of mango were analyzed. At first, 23 microsatellite markers were developed in order to extract molecular information from bank germplasm. It was possible to detect that the SSR loci were highly informative in the studied population. Averages were obtained of He = 0.655, Ho = 0.496 and PIC = 0.621. Next, with the molecular data it was possible to estimate the genetic diversity and structure of the 151 acessions as well as observe 144 alleles with an average of 7.2 per locus with amplitude between 2 and 12 alleles; the average gene diversity was 0.689. In all simulations there were consistent statistic analyzes enabling the clustering cultivars in two groups. A group was formed by Brazilian landraces and a second group was formed by North American landraces and Brazilian new hybrids. A core collection of 30 acessions was able to keep 100% of the alleles representing the molecular diversity of 151 mango cultivars. To provide more information to the Embrapa germplasm mango tree, 103 acessions containing information from 20 microsatellite loci and average of 48 agronomic traits were assessed together by the method of Tocher and formed 23 groups. Twenty two groups were formed by more than 50% of acessions while 10 groups were formed by a single acession each. An interactive test was conducted from molecular and qualitative phenotype data which resulted in two consistent clusters.
Xia, Junnan. "The largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb1) as a phylogenetic marker of seed plant species". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26812.
Pełny tekst źródłaOlsson, Magnus. "Nuclear pore membrane glycoprotein 210 as a new marker for epithelial cells". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3265.
Pełny tekst źródłaEpithelial cell polarisation is a prerequisite for the branching morphogenesis in several organs. Differential screening techniques were used to identify genes, which are upregulated during induction of epithelium in early kidney development. This investigation revealed two separate genes, Nuclear localising protein 1 (Nulp1), a previously undescribed gene with sequence characteristics of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor family, and glycoprotein 210 (gp210, POM210), an integral membrane protein constituent of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Of these, gp210 was found to be upreglated during conversion of mesenchyme to epithelium.
The nuclear envelope, which demarcates the nuclear region in the eukaryotic cell, consists of an inner and an outer membrane that are fused at the locations for NPCs. These large macromolecular assemblages are tube like structures connecting the cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments of the cell. NPCs serve as the only conduits for exchange of molecular information between these cellular rooms. Electron microscopy techniques have revealed detailed information about the NPC architecture. A number of proteins (nucleoporins) have been characterised and embodied as components of the NPC structure. Active, energy dependent nucleocytoplasmic transport of RNAs and proteins is mediated by a group of soluble receptor proteins, collectively termed karyopherins.
Gp210 has been suggested to be important for nuclear pore formation. Nevertheless, our analyses showed a limited expression pattern of gp210, with its mRNA and protein largely confined to epithelial cells in the mouse embryo. Furthermore, in several cell lines, gp210 was undetectable. The expression pattern of gp210 was not synchronised with some other nucleoporins, indicating NPC heterogeneity. Characterisation of the structure of the human gp210 gene, including its promoter region, gave insight about possible cell-type specific gene regulatory mechanisms.
Regulation of molecular traffic between the nucleus and the cytoplasm leads to transcriptional control. Cell specific configuration of the NPC structure, due to diffential expression of gp210, could be involved in this control. Gp210 could be of importance for the development of epithelial cell polarisation.
Chen, Jianli. "Validation and Marker-Assisted Selection of Two Major Quantitative Trait Loci Conditioning Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Wheat". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/25947.
Pełny tekst źródłaPh. D.
Luo, Yuqun. "Incorporation of genetic marker information in estimating model parameters for complex traits with data from large complex pedigrees /". The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486549482668451.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlmeida, Ramon Vinicius de. "Parâmetros genéticos e alterações nas freqüências alélicas em três ciclos de seleção divergente para tolerância ao alumínio em milho". Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2007. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4672.
Pełny tekst źródłaConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the major constraints for agriculture on acid soils, which occupy large regions of the world s agricultural area. At low pH values associated with these soils Al3+ is solubilized into soil solution and is toxic to plants inhibiting root growth and crop yield. Cultivars genetically adapted to acid soils may offer an environmental compatible solution. The aims of this work were (1) to estimate parameters and genetics gains in three cycles of divergent selection to aluminum tolerance and (2) to identify changes in allelic frequencies at five loci near a QTL in chromosome 5 of maize that explain 13% of the Al tolerance. The phenotypic index employed was relative seminal root length (CLR) obtained from nutrient solution. Simple sequence repeats (SSR) were used to detect linkage disequilibrium between marker and QTL. An expressive genetic gain of 49,15% was observed from base population to first generation. This evidence is characteristic from traits that have oligogenic inheritance. Shifts in allelic frequencies in 4 loci in first generation and in all loci, in second generation were exclusively due to effects of genetic drift.
A toxicidade ao alumínio (Al) é um dos maiores problemas para a agricultura em solos ácidos, que ocupam grandes áreas agricultáveis no mundo. Em condições de baixo pH associado a estes solos, o Al3+ é solubilizado e se torna tóxico para as plantas, inibindo o crescimento de suas raízes e comprometendo a produtividade das culturas. Genótipos adaptados aos solos ácidos podem oferecer uma solução sustentável a este problema. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram (1) estimar parâmetros e ganhos genéticos obtidos ao longo de três ciclos de seleção divergente para a tolerância e (2) identificar alterações nas freqüências alélicas em cinco locos próximos a um QTL no cromossomo 5 do milho que explica 13% da tolerância ao Al. O índice fenotípico empregado, foi o Crescimento Liquido Relativo (CLR) obtido a partir do cultivo em solução nutritiva. Marcadores microssatélites (SSR) foram utilizados para detectar desequilíbrio de ligação entre as marcas e o QTL. Ocorreu um ganho genético expressivo da população base à primeira geração de 49,15%, diminuindo drasticamente para os ciclos posteriores. Tal evidência é patente de caráter de herança oligogênica. Variações nas freqüências alélicas em 4 locos, na primeira geração, e em todos os locos, na segunda geração, foram explicadas exclusivamente pela deriva genética.
Alazzabi, Mufida. "Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF2) gene of zebrafish and its use as a biogenetic marker for the assay of epigenetic toxin exposure". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26561.
Pełny tekst źródłaAmiri, Neda. "Molecular Phylogeny of Poa L. sensu lato (Poaceae) with a Focus on West Asian Species". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35018.
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