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Cornejo, Zamorano Patricia Andrea. "Efecto de intensidades de corte en el rebrote de Acacia caven (Mol.) Mol". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/117237.
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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo Mención: Producción AnimalEn Comunidades Agrícolas de la Región de Coquimbo, ante la escasez de forraje herbáceo, especialmente en años secos, existe una práctica de manejo que consiste en quebrar las ramas de los espinos dañando, en muchos casos, su recuperación y éstas son entregadas al ganado caprino para satisfacer las demandas de alimento. Con el fin de que este recurso se mantenga y se recupere de las distintas intervenciones realizadas por los habitantes de la Región de Coquimbo, en la zona semiárida se realizó este trabajo en que se mostraron los efectos de intensidades de corte en el rebrote de Acacia caven (Mol.) Mol., cortes a intensidades altas, medias y bajas, y sin intervención, de las cuales se midió y estimó la presencia de rebrote, el número de rebrotes, peso seco del material consumible, longitud del rebrote y curvas de crecimiento del rebrote. Este estudio se realizó en Rinconada de Maipú, específicamente en el sector de secano, en la comuna de Maipú, Región Metropolitana, con una duración de siete meses, comenzando en agosto de 2006 y terminando en marzo de 2007. Para esto se utilizaron 32 espinos de características más o menos similares. De los resultados obtenidos se observó. en los espinos intervenidos, una gran capacidad de rebrotar, ya que después de tres meses de realizado el corte todos presentaron rebrote. En los espinos intervenidos a intensidades baja y media de corte se observó el mayor número de rebrotes y el mayor peso seco del material consumible al final del período de recuperación. El efecto de las intensidades de corte en la longitud del rebrote no fue significativo. Sin embargo, en los ejemplares sin intervención, se observó una menor longitud en comparación a los ejemplares intervenidos. Las curvas de crecimiento de los ejemplares intervenidos se ajustan claramente a una curva de crecimiento típico, la del ejemplar no intervenido es más bien recta, ya que su velocidad de crecimiento es más constante. La mayor velocidad de crecimiento del rebrote fue encontrada en el tratamiento de intensidad media de corte. Por lo tanto, es el que se recupera más rápido después de la intervención.
In Agricultural Communities of the Region of Coquimbo, when there is herbaceous forage shortage especially in years droughts, a handling practice exists that, consists of breaking the branches of the espinos, damaging in many cases its recovery and these are given to the goat cattle to satisfy the demands of food. In order that this resource stays and it recovers of the different interventions realised by the inhabitants from the Region of Coquimbo, in the semi-arid zone work was realised in which were the effects of intensities of cuts in the sprout again of Acacia caven (Mol.) Mol., you cut to high, average and low intensities, and without intervention, of which the sprout again presence, the number of sprouts again was moderate and considered, dry weight of the consumable material, length of the sprout again and curves of growth of the sprout again. This study was realized in Rinconada de Maipú, specifically in the sector of dry land, the commune of Maipú, Metropolitan Region, with duration of seven months, beginning in August of the 2006 and finishing in March of the 2007. For this 32 espinos of more or less similar characteristics were used. Of the obtained results; the great capacity was observed in the taken part espinos to sprout again, since after three months of realized the cut all they presented/displayed sprout again. In the espinos taken part to intensities it lowers and average of it cuts was observed the greater number of sprouts again and the greater dry weight of the consumable material at the end of the period of recovery. The effect of the intensities of cuts in the length of the sprout again was not significant. Nevertheless, in the units without intervention, a smaller growth in comparison was observed the taken part units. The curves of growth of the taken part units clearly adjust to a curve of growth, the one of the taken part unit is not rather straight, since its speed of growth is more constant. The greater speed of growth of the sprout again was found in the treatment of average intensity of cuts, therefore he is the one that reclaims more express after the intervention.
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Carvalho-Okano, Rita Maria de. "Estudos taxonomicos do genero Maytenus Mol. emend. Mol. (celastraceae) no Brasil extra-amazonico". [s.n.], 1992. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315119.
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Orientador: Hermogenes de Freitas Leitão FilhoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Neste trabalho é apresentado o estudo taxonômico do gênero Maytenus MoI. (Celastraceae), no Brasil extra-amazônico. Para tanto, foram examinados materiais botânicos pertencentes a diversos herbários, acrescidos de algumas observações de campo. O gênero Mavtenus é predominantemente tropical e distingue-se pelos ramos inermes, frutos apsulares, bivalvares e presença de arilo completo em suas sementes. A nivel especifico, as caracteristicas de 'maior significado taxonômico são a morfologia dos ramos novos, como a presença ou ausência de lenticelas, tricomas, alas e angularidade; caracteres foliares; tipo de inflorescência e forma dos frutos. Quarenta e três espécies, agrupadas nas seções Mavtenus e Oxvphvlla Loes., foram reconhecidas, das quais cinco são novas. Além de chaves analíticas, para todos os táxons são fornecidos descrições, ilustrações, listagem do material examinado, mapas de distribuição geográfica e comentários sobre morfologia, nomenclatura, tipificação e relacionamento genérico e infragenérico. Os estados, da Bahia (Chapada Diamantina e região litorânea) e do Rio de Janeiro (mata atlântica) abrigam o maior número de táxons endêmicos. As espécies M. basidentata, M. comocladiaeformis, M. glazioviana e M. radkloferiana
Abstract: This work comprises the taxonomic investigation of the extra-amazonian Brazilian species of the genus Maytenus Mol. (Celastraceae). Botanical material from several herbaria were examined and some field observations were made. The genus Maytenua is mainly tropical and differenciated by its spineless branches, capsular, bivalvular fruits and seeds with a complete aril. At the apecific leveI the most significant the characteristics are the morphology of the young branches such as presence or absence of lenticels, trichomes, wings and angularity; leaf characters; type of inflorescence and shape of the fruits. Forty-three species, grouped in the sections Mavtenus MoI. and Oxyphylla Loes, were acknowledged, five of wich are new. Besides the analytical keys for alI the taxa, descriptions, illustrations, a list of the examined material, geographical distribution and commentaries on morphology, nomenclature, typification and generic and infrageneric relationships are presented. The state of Bahia (Chapada Diamantina and Coastal Region) and Rio de Janeiro (Atlantic Forest) present the highest number of endemic taxa. The species M. basidentata, M. glazioviana, M. comocladiaeformis and M. radkloferiana are included in the category "rare" and probably on the verge of extinction
Doutorado
Biologia Vegetal
Doutor em Ciências Biológicas
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Ramírez, Osses Rodrigo Antonio. "Efecto de la sombra de Acacia caven (Mol.) Mol. en la pradera anual de clima mediterráneo". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/112323.
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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo Mención Producción AnimalEl matorral de Acacia caven (espinal), característico del secano interior de la zona central de Chile, se desarrolla en las zonas donde las precipitaciones son escasas y frecuentemente es eliminado en zonas de agricultura de tipo extensiva, no permitiendo su recuperación. Con el propósito de contribuir al conocimiento y un mejor aprovechamiento productivo de esta formación vegetacional, se midió la respuesta de la composición botánica y de la materia seca de la pradera anual mediterránea en relación al sombreamiento parcial de los espinos, según diámetro de copa, durante el día. El estudio se desarrolló en el área de secano de la Región Metropolitana (33º 29`S y 70º 52`O). Se utilizaron 15 espinos de características similares, según altura y diámetro, distribuidos en 3 tratamientos: arboles grandes, medianos y pequeños, describiendo el movimiento de la sombra proyectada por los espinos durante el día y se midió la composición botánica y materia seca de la pradera que se desarrolla bajo su influencia durante el periodo de crecimiento del pastizal (abril – noviembre). La diferencia en altura y diámetro de copa de los espinos no influye en la composición botánica de la pradera, sin embargo se presentaron diferencias en cuanto a la distribución de los géneros y especies presentes en el área de influencia de sombra. El promedio de M.S. bajo condiciones de sombra aumenta en un 13% para el tratamiento de espinos chicos y aumenta un 29% para espinos medianos y grandes, respecto de áreas sin influencia de sombra. También las horas de sombra acumuladas durante el día, como la hora del día en que se produce el sombreamiento influyó significativamente en la distribución de los géneros y especies de la pradera.
The Acacia caven (Mol.) thicket, characteristically found in the inner range of Chile’s central zone, develops in zones where precipitation is scarce and it is often eliminated in localities with extensive farming, not allowing its restoration. In order to contribute to knowledge and for a better productive utilization of this vegetational formation, measurements were made of the response of the botanical composition and dry matter of the annual Mediterranean pasture to the partial shade it gets from A. cavens (Mol.) trees (‘espinos’) during the day and for different canopy diameters. This study was conducted in the range area of the Metropolitan Region (33º29’ S. and 70º52’ W.) Fifteen ‘espinos’ with similar characteristics, according to height and canopy diameter, were used. They were allotted into three treatments: large, medium and small. The movement of the shade projected by the ‘espinos’ during the day was described and the botanical composition and dry matter of the pasture developed under their influence during the growth period (April – November) of the pasture were measured. The difference in height and canopy diameter of the ‘espinos’ did not affect the pasture’s botanical composition, even though differences occurred in the distribution of genera and species in the shadow’s area of influence. Larger shadow areas resulted in increased dry matter production, being 13% greater in small trees and 29% greater in medium-size and big trees. Besides, both the shadow hours accumulated during the day and the time when shading took place significantly influenced the distribution of genera and species in the pasture.
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Fernlund, Anna, i Linda Johansson. "En deskriptiv analys av Europaskolan i Mol". Thesis, University of Gävle, Ämnesavdelningen för religionsvetenskap, 1997. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-4459.
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Arbetet är en studie över tyska avdelningen och engelska gruppen på Europaskolan i Mol i Belgien. Vi har i arbetet återgivit intervjuerna vi har gjort med lärare, föräldrar och elever vid Europaskolan. I vissa fall har intervjuerna genomförts på ett språk som inte är modersmål för endera parten i intervjusituationen, därför blir det en tolkning, blandat med våra iakttagelser och samtal som vi haft under tiden vi vistades i Belgien.
De yttre förutsättningarna för alla avdelningarna är bland annat stora klassrum och stor skolgård. Sedan går vi vidare till båda avdelningarnas lärarperspektiv, efter det kommer föräldraperspektivet och sist elevperspektivet.
I intervjuerna med lärarna kommer det fram att man arbetar efter det egna landets läroplan i språk, i orienteringsämnena finns en lokal läroplan, matematiken och europeiska timmarna styrs av en gemensam läroplan för Europaskolorna. Lärarna har alla genomgått en lärarutbildning typisk för sitt hemland.
Föräldrarna berättar alla att de inte har informerats om läroplanen, de har inte något inflytande på skolans verksamhet och att det inte finns någon föräldraförening. Eleverna berättar att inte de heller informerats om läroplanen, de har inte elevinflytande. Slutligen, konstaterar vi att de har en god språkundervisning, att de arbetar traditionellt med matematik och att de skulle behöva arbeta med elevinflytandet.
Examensarbete på Grundskollärarprogrammet 1-7 ht 1997. Linda har senare bytt efternamn till "Andersson".
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Rodrigues, Neto Jo?o Firmino. "Mol?culas coestimulat?rias na leishmaniose visceral". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/19910.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq
A leishmaniose visceral (LV) ? uma doen?a end?mica em muitos pa?ses, incluindo o Brasil. O protozo?rio Leishmania infantum ? o agente etiol?gico da LV, sendo transmitido pela picada das f?meas dos flebotom?neos, durante o repasto sangu?neo. A maioria dos indiv?duos quando expostos ao parasita n?o desenvolvem a doen?a, pois apresentam um predom?nio da resposta celular Th1. Aqueles que desenvolvem doen?a, apresentam sinais como febre, perda de peso, hepatoesplenomegalia e um comprometimento da resposta imune celular, espec?fica a ant?genos de Leishmania. N?s avaliamos se essa anergia, observada durante a doen?a ativa, poderia estar associada com altera??es nas mol?culas coestimulat?rias de linf?citos T ou em seus ligantes em mon?citos CD14+. H? aumento na porcentagem de CTLA-4 em linf?citos T CD4+ (p=0,001) e ICOS em linf?citos T CD4+ e CD8+ (p=0,002 para CD4+ e p=0,003 para CD8+) ap?s est?mulo por ant?geno sol?vel de Leishmania (SLA) na LV sintom?tica, e que h? maior porcentagem dessas mol?culas ex vivo, quando comparados indiv?duos sintom?ticos aos recuperados (p=0,04 para CTLA-4 em CD4+, e p=0,001 para ICOS em CD4+ e p=0,026 para CD8+). Al?m disso, encontramos uma maior express?o dos genes CTLA-4, OX-40 e ICOS, durante a LV ativa. As mol?culas CD40, CD80, CD86, HLA-DR e ICOSL, n?o sofrem altera??o durante a doen?a. H? produ??o de IFN-? por c?lulas de sangue perif?rico, ap?s est?mulo por SLA, em indiv?duos sintom?ticos; no entanto, h? diminui??o na raz?o entre IFN-?/IL-10, com aumento desta ap?s a cura. A observa??o do comprometimento de algumas vias de mol?culas coestimulat?rias poderia diminuir a capacidade microbicida dos fag?citos, durante a leishmaniose visceral sintom?tica, podendo facilitar a sobreviv?ncia e a prolifera??o do parasita.
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic in many countries, including Brazil. The protozoan Leishmania infantum, is the etiological agent of VL, and is transmitted by the bite of female sandflies during the blood meal. The majority of subjects when exposed to the parasite do not develop the disease, because of development of Th1 cellular responses. Those who have develop signs of VL such as fever, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly, have impairment of the cellular immune response, specific to the Leishmania antigens. We evaluated whether the specififc anergy during symptomatic VL, may be associated with changes in T cells costimulatory molecules or their ligands in CD14+ monocytes. There is an increase in CTLA-4 porcentage on CD4+ T lymphocytes (p=0.001) and ICOS on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (p=0.002 to CD4+ and p=0.003 to CD8+), after stimulation by soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA) during active visceral leishmaniasis, and that there is a higher percentage of these molecules ex vivo, when comparing symptomatic to recovered individuals (p=0.04 to CTLA-4 in CD4+, and p=0.001 to ICOS in CD4+ and p=0.026 to CD8+). Moreover, we found a high gene expression of CTLA-4, OX-40 and ICOS during active VL. CD40, CD80, CD86, HLA-DR and ICOSL molecules do not suffer changes during disease. There is IFN-? production by the peripheral blood cells, after SLA stimulation, by peripheral blood cells in symptomatic subjects; however, there is a decrease of the ratio IFN-?/IL-10, which is reversed after clinical recovery. The impairment of some costimulatory molecules pathways during symptomatic VL could inhibit the ability of phagocytes to kill Leishmania and could facilitate their survival and the proliferation inside macrophages.
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Pacheco, Marín Germán. "Evaluación del proceso de carbonización y calidad del carbón de Acacia caven (Mol.) Mol. producido en hornos de barro". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105079.
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Lukich, Svetlana. "VIBRATIONAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF 10 MOL % SC2O3-1 MOL % CEO2- ZRO2 ELECTROLYTE CERAMICS FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4001.
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Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are emerging as a potential breakthrough energy conversion technology for clean and efficient production of electricity and heat from hydrogen and hydro-carbon fuels. Sc₀.₁Ce₀.₀₁ZrO₂ electrolytes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells are very promising materials because their high ionic conductivity in the intermediate temperature range 700°C-800°C. The vibration response of cubic and rhombohedral ([beta]) 10 mol%Sc₂O₃ - 1 mol%CeO₂ - ZrO₂ (Sc₀.₁Ce₀.₀₁ZrO₂) both at room and high-temperatures is reported. The in-situ heating experiments and ex-situ indentation experiments were performed to characterize the vibrational behavior of these important materials. A temperature and stress-assisted phase transition from cubic to rhombohedral phase was detected during in-situ Raman spectroscopy experiments. While heating and indentation experiments performed separately did not cause the transition of the cubic phase into the rhombohedral structure under the performed experimental conditions and only broadened or strained peaks of the cubic phase could be detected, the heating of the indented (strained) surface leaded to the formation of the rhombohedral Sc₀.₁Ce₀.₀₁ZrO₂. Both temperature range and strained zone were estimated by in situ heating and 2D mapping, where a formation of rhombohedral or retention of cubic phase has been promoted. The mechanical properties, such as Young’s modulus, Vickers hardness, indentation fracture resistance, room and high temperature four point bending strength and SEVNB fracture toughness along with the stress--strain deformation behavior in compression, of 10 mol% Sc₂O₃--1 mol % CeO₂ - ZrO₂ (ScCeZrO₂) ceramics have been studied. The chosen composition of the ScCeZrO₂ has very high ionic conductivity and, therefore, is very promising oxygen ion conducting electrolyte for the intermediate temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells.
Therefore, its mechanical behavior is of importance and is presented in this study.M.S.M.S.E.
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering;
Engineering and Computer Science
Materials Science & Engr MSMSE
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Reyes, Potin Micaela Paz. "Efecto de diferentes tipos de poda en la producción de forraje y frutos del espino (Acacia caven (Mol.) Mol.)". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/149490.
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Memoria para optar al título profesional de Ingeniera AgrónomaEn el secano central de Chile, el estrato herbáceo durante el período estival se encuentra seco y con un bajo nivel de cantidad y calidad, siendo insuficiente para sustentar al ganado durante sus períodos críticos. Con el fin de obtener vías alternativas de alimentación a través de Acacia caven (Mol.) Mol. y de aumentar y/o mejorar la producción que esta pueda proporcionar, se realizó el presente trabajo de manejo silvícola con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de diferentes tipos de poda sobre la producción de forraje y frutos del espino. El estudio se realizó en la Estación Experimental Germán Greve Silva de la Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas de la Universidad de Chile ubicada en la Región Metropolitana, comuna de Maipú, entre los años 2013 y 2014. Se seleccionaron 60 árboles distribuidos en 50 hectáreas los cuales se encontraban en una baja densidad poblacional, es decir, a una distancia superior a 5 m entre individuos. Se evaluaron cuatro tratamientos: sin intervención, una poda leve, poda media y otra de tipo frutal. Se realizaron 15 repeticiones por tratamiento. Luego, con el fin de obtener la producción de forraje de los espinos, se realizó una regresión múltiple con las variables largo de ramas, diámetro de ramas, peso seco de hojas y brotes nuevos, número de brotes y largo de brotes. Para evaluar la producción de frutos, éstos fueron cosechados y luego secados para obtener su contenido de materia seca. De los resultados obtenidos se observó, en los espinos intactos, una mayor producción de frutos que en los intervenidos, seguido por la poda tipo frutal. En cuanto a producción de forraje, el tratamiento que obtuvo la mayor producción de forraje total fue el control. Sin embargo, al observar los resultados de forma parcializada, la poda leve superó la producción de brotes por rama. En conclusión, entre los espinos que fueron intervenidos, la poda tipo frutal produjo la mayor cantidad de frutos y la poda de intensidad leve produjo la mayor cantidad de forraje. Finalmente, como información anexa para futuras investigaciones relacionadas a los espinos, las variables que determinaron en mayor medida la producción de follaje del espino fueron el número de ramas y el número de brotes nuevos.
In the central zone of Chile, during the summer period, the herbaceous layer is dry, with low levels of quantity and quality to be insufficient to sustain their livestock during critical periods. In order to obtain alternative feed paths through Acacia caven (Mol.) Mol. and to increase and/or improve the production that it can provide, this study of silvicultural management was made with the main objective of evaluate the effect of different types of pruning on the production of foliage and fruits of the espino. The study was made at the Germán Greve Silva Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Universidad de Chile located in the Metropolitan Region, municipality of Maipú, between 2013 and 2014. 60 trees spread over 50 hectares which were selected in low population densities, it means, at a distance greater than 5 m between individuals. Four treatments were evaluated; a control, a slight, fruit and other media pruning types. 15 repetitions per treatment was made and applied through a lottery in different trees. Then, in order to obtain forage production, a multiple regression with variables long branches, branch diameter, dry weight of leaves and new shots, number of shoots and shoot length was performed. To assess fruit production, they were harvested and then dried to obtain the dry matter content. From the results was observed, in intact trees, a high production of fruits followed by fruit type pruning. As for forage production, the treatment that had the highest total forage production was control. However, observing the results of biased manner, mild pruning exceeds production of sprouts per branch. In conclusion, fruit type pruning produced the greatest amount of fruits and mild pruning produced the most forage among the different pruning. Finally, as accompanying information for future research related to the espinos, the variables that determined further the production of foliage were the number of branches and the number of new sprouts.
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Galaz, Montero Inés de las Mercedes. "Caracterización del sistema de producción de carbón de espino Acacia caven (Mol.) Mol, en la comuna de Pumanque, VI Región". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2004. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105019.
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Rodrigo, Silva José Manuel. "Efecto de la arquitectura y la densidad de plantas sobre la producción de frutos de espino (Acacia caven (Mol.) Mol.)". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/148404.
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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero AgrónomoLa formación de Acacia caven se encuentra extendido entre el río Copiapó y el río Laja, utilizando cerca de 3.000.000 de hectáreas de secano. Entre los beneficios del matorral de Acacia caven se encuentran una mayor productividad de forraje bajo su influencia, aumento de materia orgánica bajo su copa, una mayor disponibilidad hídrica, protección para animales tanto del calor como del frío y el aprovechamiento de sus brotes y frutos como forraje en épocas de escasez. Estudios preliminares demostraron que la arquitectura o número de fustes del espino tiene un efecto sobre la producción de frutos; sin embargo, no se ha estudiado el efecto de la densidad poblacional y su interacción con la arquitectura. El propósito de esta investigación fue cuantificar el efecto de tres densidades poblacionales (distancia de 1-3 metros, 4-7 metros y mayor a 8 metros al individuo más cercano) y de tres arquitecturas de árboles (un fuste, dos a tres fustes y cuatro o más fustes) sobre la producción de frutos del espino., El estudio se realizó en un sector de 60 hectáreas que posee un espinal adulto, sin manejo silvícola. Se seleccionaron 180 árboles, combinando las densidades poblacionales y arquitecturas señaladas. Se cosechó la totalidad de los árboles al término del ciclo de floración y fructificación y se midió la producción de frutos, expresada en peso seco por individuo. Además, se midieron variables descriptivas de los árboles (altura total, altura de copa, ancho de copa norte-sur y este-oeste) para evaluar la relación entre estas variables y la producción de frutos, con el objetivo de construir ecuaciones predictivas. Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado, con estructura factorial 3x3. El factor densidad contó con los niveles alta densidad, media densidad y baja densidad (AD, MD y BD respectivamente), mientras que el factor arquitectura contó con los niveles monofustal, dos a tres fustes y cuatro o más fustes (MF, 2F y 4F respectivamente). Se utilizaron 20 árboles por cada combinación de arquitectura y densidad. Numéricamente, los ejemplares en baja densidad y con arquitectura de 4F presentaron una mayor producción de frutos. No hubo diferencias significativas en la producción de frutos para los factores por separado, pero existió interacción significativa de la densidad en la arquitectura monofustal. El ancho de copa norte-sur fue la variable que mejor permitió estimar la producción de frutos, siendo más importante que los factores de densidad y arquitectura. Además, la densidad poblacional afecta el tamaño de copa de los árboles, disminuyendo en la medida en que la densidad aumenta. Se concluye que árboles con tamaño de copas similares poseen una producción de frutos similar y que la densidad poblacional influye sobre el tamaño de copa de los árboles, por lo que se considera que este factor es relevante para tomar medidas de manejo de espinales destinados a producción de frutos.
The Acacia caven scrub is wide spread between the Copiapó and Laja rivers, covering about 3 million rainfed hectares. Some of Acacia caven benefits are the greater forage under it influence, increased organic matter under it tree crown, greater water availability, protection for animals (both heat and cold) and the use of their buds and end fruits as fodder in times of shortage. Preliminary studies showed that the number of tree trunks of Acacia caven has an effect on fruit production, however the effect of population density and its interaction with the architecture has not being studied. The purpose of this research was to quantify the effect of three population densities (distance between 1 to 3, 4 to 7 and more than 8 meters to the closest individual) and of three tree architectures (one trunk, between 2 and 3, and 4 or more trunks) on Acacia caven fruit production. The research was made in an area of 60 hectares with adult trees, without silvicultural management. 180 trees where selected combining the indicated population densities and the architectures. All trees where harvested at the end of fructification cycle and the productions of trees where measured through dry weight of each individual. Also, descriptive variables of the trees where measured (total high, crown high, north to south crown diameter and east to west crown diameter) to evaluate the relation between these variables and fruit production, for constructing predictive equations. A 3 x 3 factorial experimental designed was used. The individuals were selected by random. The density factor was designed with 3 levels: AD, MD and BD, and the architecture factor was also designed with three levels: MF, 2F and 4F. Twenty trees for each combination of architecture and density were used. The individuals with low density and 4F architecture showed a major fruit production. No significant differences in the fruit production for each factors in its own where found, but a significant interaction of density on MF architecture was found. The north-south diameter was the descriptive variable that better allowed estimating the fruit production, being more important than density and architecture factors. Also, the population density has an effect on the crown diameter, diminishing by greater density. It concludes that trees with similar crown size have a similar fruit production and that the population density has an effect on the crown size. Therefore, it is considered that this factor (north-south diameter) is relevant for the management of Acacia caven for fruit production.
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Lukich, Svetlana. "Vibrational and mechanical properties of 10 mol % Sc₂O₃-1 mol % CeO₂- ZrO₂ electrolyte ceramics for solid oxide fuel cells". Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002914.
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Lee, Hock Seng. "An ODE/MOL PDE Template For Soil Physics". Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365588.
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The aim of the thesis is to find a method, in conjunction with the ordinary differential equation (ODE) based method of lines (MOL) solution of Richards’ equation, to model the steep wetting front infiltration in very dry soils, accurately and efficiently. Due to the steep pressure head or steep water volumetric content gradients, highly nonlinear soil hydraulic properties and the rapid movement of the wetting front, accurate solutions for infiltration into a dry soil are usually difficult to obtain. Additionally, such problems often require very small time steps and large computation times. As an enhancement to the used ODE/MOL approach, Higher Order Finite Differencing, Varying Order Finite Differencing, Vertical Scaling, Adaptive Schemes and Non-uniform Stretching Techniques have been implemented and tested in this thesis. Success has been found in the ability of Vertical Scaling to simulate very steep moving front solution for the Burgers’ equation. Unfortunately, the results also show that Vertical Scaling needs significant research and improvement before their full potential in routine applications for difficult nonlinear problems, such as Richard’s equation with very steep moving front solution, can be realized. However, we have also shown that the use of the composed form of RE and a 2nd order finite differencing for the first order derivative approximation is conducive for modelling steep moving front problem in a very dry soil. Additionally, with the combination of an optimal influx value at the edges of the inlet, the ODE/MOL approach is able to model a 2-D infiltration in very dry soils, effectively and accurately. Furthermore, one of the strengths of this thesis is the use of a MATLAB PDE template. Implementing the ODE/MOL approach via a MATLAB PDE template has shown to be most suitable for modelling of partial differential equations. The plug and play mode of modifying the PDE template for solving time-dependent partial differential equations is user-friendly and easy, as compared to more conventional approaches using Pascal, Fortran, C or C++. The template offers greater modularity, flexibility, versatility, and efficiency for solving PDE problems in both 1-D and 2-D spatial dimensions. Moreover, the 2-D PDE template has been extended for irregular shaped domains.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
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Araújo, Huyrá Estevão de. "CeO2 - 10% MOL Gd2O3: efeito da codopagem com X% MOL Sm2O3 (0≤ X ≤2) na microestrutura e na condutividade elétrica". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/858.
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Previous issue date: 2011-09-16Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
Fuel cells are the most promising technology for producing clean energy. In particular, the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) stands out among the various types due to high efficiency at high temperatures (800 ~ 1000°C) resulting in high cost for power generation. The operating temperature decreasing allows the use of non expensive materials and increases cell life time. One of the challenges for reducing the operating temperature is to increase the electrical conductivity of electrolytes. In this context, the ceria-based electrolytes are an alternative due to its high ionic conductivity at intermediate temperatures (500 ~ 650 °C). In this work, commercial powder of 10 mol% Gd2O3 doped Ceria was co-dopped with X% Sm2O3 (0
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Moreira, Darlan Ara?jo. "Propriedades termo-eletr?nicas da mol?cula do DNA". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18612.
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Previous issue date: 2008-09-29Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
Esta tese apresenta um abrangente e atualizado estudo de algumas propriedades f?sicas da mol?cula do DNA, tais como seus aspectos termodin?micos (calor espec?fico) e eletr?nicos (transmissividade eletr?nica, fator de localiza??o, entre outros). A mol?cula do DNA pode ser considerada uma seq??ncia simb?lica de quatro letras: guanina (G), adenina (A), citosina (C) e timina (T). Ela ? usualmente descrita como uma cadeia bidimensional aleat?ria com correla??o de curto-alcance, mas n?o h? impedimentos para que a cadeia seja crescida seguindo seq??ncias quasi-peri?dicas, como por exemplo, as sequ?ncias de Fibonacci e Rudin-Shapiro. Com o intuito de investigar a relev?ncia das correla??es subjacentes nas distribui??oes dos nucleot?deos, comparamos os resultados para a sequ?ncia gen?mica do DNA (Ch22) com as duas seq??ncias artificiais citadas acima, que possuem correla??ao de longo alcance. A an?lise do calor espec?fico ? feita considerando-se formalismos apropriados; o cl?ssico, utilizando a distribui??o de Maxwell-Boltzmann; a descri??oo qu?ntica, utilizando a distribui??o de Fermi-Dirac; e o formalismo da n?o-extensividade, usando a entropia de Tsallis. Os espectros de energias s?o calculados utilizando-se a equa??o de Schrodinger unidimensional na aproxima??o de liga??o forte. N?s calculamos tamb?m a transmissividade eletr?nica, o comprimento de localiza??o, bem como I (corrente) vs V (potencial), curva que caracteriza as propriedades el?tricas de uma mol?cula de DNA dupla fita. O modelo te?rico considerado faz uso de um Hamiltoniano efetivo com aproxima??o de liga??o-forte descrevendo um el?tron movendo-se em uma cadeia com um simples orbital por s?tio e intera??es entre vizinhos mais pr?ximos, juntamente com a equa??o de Schrodinger, e a muito conveniente t?cnica da matriz de transfer?ncia
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Norambuena, Alvear Vicente Andrés. "Efecto del espino (Acacia caven (Mol.) Mol.) sobre el rendimiento de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) en el secano interior de la Región Metropolitana". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/148222.
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Memoria para optar al título profesional de: Ingeniero AgrónomoEl objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto que genera un estrato arbóreo compuesto por Acacia caven (Mol.) Mol., en el rendimiento y desarrollo de un cultivo de trigo en la Estación Experimental Germán Greve Silva, Rinconada de Maipú, Región Metropolitana de Chile. Se establecieron cuatro parcelas de 64 m 2 , contando cada una de ellas con un espino adulto. Estas parcelas se sembraron en su totalidad con trigo cultivar Pandora INIA. Se analizaron tres tratamientos; SIE: sin influencia de espino; CIEBC: con influencia espino bajo copa; CIESE: con influencia espino al sur del espino. Se midieron las precipitaciones bajo y fuera de la copa de espino y la radiación fotosintéticamente activa incidente sobre el cultivo de trigo (PAR 0 ). En el suelo se midió: el contenido de agua, densidad aparente, capacidad de retención de agua a 33 y 1.500 kPa, pH, conductividad eléctrica, NPK disponible y contenido de materia orgánica. En el cultivo de trigo se midió: rendimiento de biomasa y de grano, componentes del rendimiento y el tiempo en alcanzar distintos estados fenológicos. Durante la temporada de crecimiento del cultivo, precipitaron 138,4 mm en los sectores de los tratamientos SIE y CIESE, mientras que en CIEBC, producto de la intercepción generada por las copas de los árboles, precipitaron aproximadamente 76,1 mm. El contenido de agua en el suelo fue mayor al momento de siembra en el tratamiento SIE, mientras que en madurez fisiológica el contenido de agua en el suelo fue mayor en el tratamiento CIEBC. Los niveles de PAR 0 fueron menores en el tratamiento CIEBC, representando en promedio un 45,8% del PAR 0 total recibido por el tratamiento SIE. La retención de agua entre 33 y 1.500 kPa fue mayor bajo el tratamiento CIEBC, siendo esta diferencia de un 2,28% superior, lo que implica un aumento del 25% en la capacidad de retención de agua aprovechable, respecto de los tratamiento SIE y CIESE. El tratamiento SIE presentó los mayores valores de biomasa aérea. El rendimiento de granos presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas, siendo el tratamiento CIESE el que presentó los mayores rendimientos; mientras que los menores rendimientos se obtuvieron en el tratamiento CIEBC. Para las mediciones de estados fenológicos, se registraron diferencias en los días en alcanzar los estados de espigadura y madurez fisiológica. Para el estado fenológico de espigadura, se presentaron siete días de diferencia entre el tratamiento SIE y los tratamientos CIEBC y CIESE. Para el estado fenológico de madurez fisiológica esta diferencia aumentó a nueve días. Se concluye que el espino genera modificaciones microambientales y físico-químicas de suelo; sin embargo, estas modificaciones no provocaron un aumento en el rendimiento del cultivo de trigo.
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Piña, Moraga Luis. "Efecto del Microrelieve y la Influencia de Acacia caven (Mol.) Mol. En el Crecimiento y Desarrollo de la Pradera Anual de Clima Mediterráneo". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/101695.
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Bernal, Dote Tania. "Efecto del estado de desarrollo y forma de presentación de frutos de espino (Acacia caven (Mol) Mol.) sobre la preferencia de consumo en caprinos". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/150922.
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Memoria para optar al título Profesional de Ingeniero AgrónomoLa suplementación de alimento al ganado en el periodo seco, es una alternativa para muchos productores, en especial para el secano de la zona central del país. Existen estudios que señalan que el espino (Acacia caven (Mol.) Mol.), especie ampliamente distribuida en los bosques esclerófilos de la zona mezomórfica de Chile, posee características que le permiten ser una buena opción para la elaboración de suplementos alimenticios, para rumiantes menores de dicha zona. Dentro de estas cualidades se destaca el alto contenido de proteína cruda en sus semillas.
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Colagrande, Elaine Angelina. "Desenvolvimento de um jogo didático virtual para o aprendizado do conceito de mol". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/81/81132/tde-31052012-114529/.
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Um fato verificado pelos professores ligados à área de educação química é que o conceito de mol, de fundamental importância para o ensino de química, constitui um obstáculo de aprendizagem, visto que os alunos de ensino médio sentem considerável dificuldade em seu aprendizado, pois o referido conceito requer conhecimentos básicos nem sempre bem definidos na estrutura cognitiva dos estudantes. Para atenuar este problema, foi desenvolvido um software, na forma de jogo didático, baseado nas dificuldades relatadas em entrevistas com professores e alunos e fundamentado na teoria da atividade de Leontiev. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar se este recurso auxilia como mediador na aprendizagem do conceito de mol. O jogo é composto de três fases, das quais duas exploram conceitos matemáticos básicos como reconhecimento de fórmulas, cálculos envolvendo potências e relações proporcionais e a terceira fase aborda o conceito de mol propriamente dito. Estudantes do ensino médio utilizaram o software e os dados coletados foram analisados levando-se em conta os testes escritos respondidos pelos alunos e suas ações durante o jogo. Os resultados obtidos, as observações realizadas durante a aplicação do jogo e os comentários dos participantes indicam claramente que o software foi eficaz e motivador, tendo em seu corpo o aspecto lúdico e o educativo, e que contribuiu na aprendizagem do conceito em questão.A fact verified by teachers involved with Chemistry education is that the concept of mol, extremely important to the teaching of chemistry, makes up an obstacle to the learning process since the referred concept requires some basic knowledge which is not always so well defined in the students\' cognitive structure. In order to attenuate this problem, a software was developed based on the difficulties arisen in the interviews with teachers and students and supported by Leontiev\'s theory of activity. The objective of this paper is to investigate whether this resource could help as a mediator in the learning of mol concept. The game comprises three stages, two of which exploit basic math concepts such as recognizing formulas, calculations involving powers and proportional relations whereas the third one really approaches the concept of mol. Secondary school students made use of the software and the data was collected and analyzed from both the students\' written answers to the tests as well as their actions during the game. The results obtained, the observations made during the game and the comments of the participants clearly point out that the software is effective and motivational, showing also its educative and ludic aspects, which contributed to the learning of the said concept.
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Correa, Galleguillos Paula Daniela. "Efecto biocida de extractos de hojas de Peumus boldus Mol. y Quillaja saponaria Mol. sobre dos hongos de pudrición de la madera y la termita subterránea". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/150819.
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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniera ForestalLa mayor destrucción de la madera en servicio proviene de la biodegradación causada por hongos e insectos cuando este material se encuentra en condiciones favorables para la acción y desarrollo de los referidos organismos. El presente estudio evaluó la capacidad fungicida de extractos acuosos de hojas de Peumus boldus Molina y de Quillaja saponaria Molina por separado sobre dos hongos de pudrición de la madera, Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers.) Murrill (pudrición café) y Trametes versicolor (L.: Fr.) Pilát (pudrición blanca). Además, se evaluó la capacidad insecticida de extractos acuosos y etanólicos de hojas de las mismas especies vegetales sobre Reticulitermes flavipes Kollar. Se evaluaron tres concentraciones de extractos de hojas de boldo, las acuosas fueron 1, 2 y 3% p/v y las etanólicas, 1, 2 y 4% p/v. En el caso de quillay, las acuosas fueron 1, 3 y 6% p/v y las etanólicas, 1, 2 y 4% p/v. Para los bioensayos de hongos, el procedimiento y la evaluación de los resultados se encuentran basados en la norma ASTM D1413-07 (2008), considerando 10 probetas de Pinus radiata D. Don por tratamiento para cada bioensayo.
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Lee, Hock Seng, i n/a. "An ODE/MOL PDE Template For Soil Physics: A Numerical Study". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030616.142709.
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The aim of the thesis is to find a method, in conjunction with the ordinary differential equation (ODE) based method of lines (MOL) solution of Richards equation, to model the steep wetting front infiltration in very dry soils, accurately and efficiently. Due to the steep pressure head or steep water volumetric content gradients, highly nonlinear soil hydraulic properties and the rapid movement of the wetting front, accurate solutions for infiltration into a dry soil are usually difficult to obtain. Additionally, such problems often require very small time steps and large computation times. As an enhancement to the used ODE/MOL approach, Higher Order Finite Differencing, Varying Order Finite Differencing, Vertical Scaling, Adaptive Schemes and Non-uniform Stretching Techniques have been implemented and tested in this thesis. Success has been found in the ability of Vertical Scaling to simulate very steep moving front solution for the Burgers equation. Unfortunately, the results also show that Vertical Scaling needs significant research and improvement before their full potential in routine applications for difficult nonlinear problems, such as Richards equation with very steep moving front solution, can be realized. However, we have also shown that the use of the composed form of RE and a 2nd order finite differencing for the first order derivative approximation is conducive for modelling steep moving front problem in a very dry soil. Additionally, with the combination of an optimal influx value at the edges of the inlet, the ODE/MOL approach is able to model a 2-D infiltration in very dry soils, effectively and accurately. Furthermore, one of the strengths of this thesis is the use of a MATLAB PDE template. Implementing the ODE/MOL approach via a MATLAB PDE template has shown to be most suitable for modelling of partial differential equations. The plug and play mode of modifying the PDE template for solving time-dependent partial differential equations is user-friendly and easy, as compared to more conventional approaches using Pascal, Fortran, C or C++. The template offers greater modularity, flexibility, versatility, and efficiency for solving PDE problems in both 1-D and 2-D spatial dimensions. Moreover, the 2-D PDE template has been extended for irregular shaped domains.
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Oliveira, Ana Sofia Lima Estev?o de. "Identifica??o de mol?culas reativas com anticorpos associados a dengue". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2017. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7784.
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Dengue fever is an arboviral infection highly common in Brazil, and it corresponds to a major public health problem. Annually, its incidence overcomes 50,000,000, from which about 25,000 are associated to death cases. Due to this high incidence and number of death, it is of great urgency to identify this disease while in an early state. That way, would be possible to avoid any progression of the disease to more severe cases. A major problem related to dengue is that the virus is represented by four subtypes, which are phylogenetically distinct (DENV1, DENV2, DENV3 and DENV4). This means that, although the manifestations and the forms of dissemination are the same, an infection caused by one of the serotypes will not protect against the others. In fact, an infection caused by one of the four serotypes may intensify even more the disease caused by a secondary infection by the three others. One hypothesis that could explain this relationship between heterotypic infections and severe cases of the disease is the ADE hypothesis (antibody-dependent enhancement), which suggests that a secondary infection would cause a cross-reaction between antigen and antibody, preventing the virus of being inactivated. As a consequence, it would result in an increase of the production of inflammatory mediators and vascular permeability that would intensify the disease. Therefore, it?s very important to identify the disease while it is still in an initial stage. However, this early identification is hard and its diagnosis is still limited. Thus, a serological marker would be highly valuable. Recently, serological biomarkers for early diagnosis have become a topic of great interest. These biomarkers have advantages of not being invasive to the patient and inexpensive to produce and analyze. Thus, in this project, we introduce a new technology for the search of such markers, the peptoids. Peptoids are synthetic oligomers, composed of N-substituted glycine units, and can be used for several biological utilities that provide an alternative technology for the investigation and the elucidation of the immune response. Moreover, they have been used and reported as a potential candidate for the search of serological biomarkers due to their chemical stability in fluids where degradative enzymes can be found. In addition to that, the fact that there is no need for a prior knowledge about the target only make them even more attractive for such ?job?. In this project, a combinatorial library of about one million of peptoids was screened in sera from dengue positive patients, as well as negative patients. Hereby we report the potential of this synthetic molecules for the identification of antibodies with clinical relevance present in the patients' serum. The results here reported were generated by 3 consecutive screening steps, where 33 reactive peptoids were identified as potential biomarkers. Because of the impartiality of this technique, we believe that at least one of these 33 peptoids are extremely specific for the studied disease. Currently, they have been sent for the sequencing and re-synthesis step, so that new experiments can be done and the study can continue. We are very excited and we don?t expect nothing less than promising results in the field of diagnosis and dengue.
A dengue ? uma arbovirose de alta incid?ncia no Brasil, e corresponde a um grande problema de sa?de p?blica. Ela possui uma incid?ncia anual de mais de 50.000.000 e resulta num elevado n?mero de casos de ?bito, cerca de 25.000. Devido a isso, ? de grande urg?ncia que possamos identificar esta doen?a enquanto ela ainda se encontra em um estado inicial, para que, deste modo, possamos evitar a progress?o da doen?a para casos mais severos. Um grande problema relacionado a dengue ? que o v?rus ? representado por quatro subtipos, os quais s?o filogen?ticamente distintos (DENV1, DENV2, DENV3 e DENV4). Isso quer dizer que, por mais que as manifesta??es e formas de dissemina??o sejam iguais, a contamina??o por um dos sorotipos n?o ir? proteger contra as demais. Ao contr?rio do que muitos acreditam, a infec??o por um sorotipo pode at? assentuar uma infec??o secund?ria pelos demais. Uma hip?tese para explicar casos mais severos da doen?a devido a infec??es heterot?picas ? a hip?tese de ADE (antibody-dependent enhancement), a qual sugere que a rea??o cruzada resulta na falta da inativa??o viral, aumentando assim a produ??o de mediadores inflamat?rios e permeabilidade vascular devido a uma estimula??o da replica??o do v?rus. Devido a isso, ? de grande necessidade a identifica??o da doen?a antes das manifesta??es severas, e, porque essa identifica??o cl?nica, principalmente no est?gio inicial da doen?a, ? dif?cil, um marcardor sorol?gico seria muito valioso. Marcadores sorol?gicos para diagn?stico de doen?as v?m se tornando um t?pico de recente interesse. Esses biomarcadores t?m a vantagem de n?o serem invasivos para o paciente e baratos de produzir e analizar. Sendo assim, aqui, apresentamos uma nova tecnologia para a busca desses marcadores, os pept?ids. Pept?ids s?o olig?meros sint?ticos, compostos por unidades de glicina N-substitu?da e possuem uma variada utilidade biol?gica que proporcionam uma tecnologia alternativa para a investiga??o e elucida??o da resposta imune. O mesmo, v?m se destacando para busca de biomarcadores sorol?gicos devido a sua estabilidade qu?mica em flu?dos onde enzimas degradativas podem estar presentes e devido a resultados promissores sem a necessidade de um conhecimento pr?vio sobre o ant?geno natural e o seu anticorpo correspondente. Neste projeto, foi realizado a triagem de uma biblioteca combinatorial com cerca de um milh?o de pept?ids, os quais passaram por etapas de triagens em soros de pacientes positivos para dengue, bem como para pacientes negativos. Aqui provamos o potencial dessas mol?culas sint?ticas na identifica??o de anticorpos com relev?ncia cl?nica presente no soro dos pacientes. Os resultados obtidos foram gerados atrav?s de 3 etapas de triagem consecutivas, onde 33 pept?ids reativos foram identificados. Devido a imparcialidade desta t?cnica, acreditamos que pelo menos um desses 33 pept?ids seja extremamente espec?fico para a doen?a estudada. Os mesmos foram enviados para sequenciamento e re-s?ntese para que novos experimentos sejam feitos e para que os estudos continuem. Espera-se resultados muito promissores na ?rea de diagn?stico para dengue.
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Gotor, Pedreros Bárbara Francisca. "CARACTERIZACIÓN Y COMPARACIÓN ANATÓMICA DE HOJAS DE PEUMO (Cryptocarya alba (Mol.) Looser) Y QUILLAY (Quillaja saponaria Mol.) SOMETIDAS A CONDICIONES DE RIEGO PERMANENTE Y DE RESTRICCIÓN HÍDRICA". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105000.
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Petit-Breuilh, Mariangel Ariel Felipe. "Respuestas morfofisiológicas de Quillaja saponaria Mol. y Lithraea caustica (Mol.) et Arn a la eliminación paulatina del riego en una plantación, en Cerro El Roble, Región Metropolitana". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/150772.
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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero ForestalQuillay (Quillaja saponaria Mol.) y Litre (Lithraea caustica Mol.), corresponden a especies endémicas, que crecen en la zona de clima mediterráneo de Chile. Este clima, genera altos niveles de estrés hídrico en los períodos estivales en las especies, lo que provoca modificaciones en las tasas de crecimiento y respuestas fisiológicas. El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar las respuestas morfofisiológicas de plantaciones frente a la eliminación paulatina del riego, en dos sectores de Cerro El Roble durante tres períodos estivales. El primer sector (S1) posee una exposición noreste y el segundo sector (S2) una exposición suroeste. Para ello se utilizaron especímenes del bosque esclerófilo (Quillaja saponaria Mol. y Lithraea caustica Mol.), a las que se les evaluó principalmente el efecto de la eliminación paulatina del riego en períodos de restricción de agua a través de mediciones de potencial hídrico (ΨPD) y contenido hídrico relativo (CHR%) a pre-alba. El crecimiento de las especies fue evaluado a través del diámetro a la altura del cuello (DAC) y la altura de las plantas, tanto al inicio como término de cada período estival. Además, se evaluó la sobrevivencia de las especies durante todo el período de déficit hídrico.
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Morales, Sepúlveda Ana Verónica. "Evaluación de parámetros hídricos y de crecimiento bajo dos condiciones de riego en una plantación de Quillaja saponaria mol. y Maytenus boaria mol. en la comuna de Limache". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/152310.
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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniera ForestalLa región central de Chile se caracteriza por presentar un clima mediterráneo, de estacionalidad muy marcada, donde el 90% de las precipitaciones se concentran en invierno, y los veranos son secos y con altas temperaturas, lo cual genera una limitación para las actividades de plantación con especies nativas con fines de restauración y compensación forestal, ya que el riego se vuelve necesario en los primeros años para asegurar el desarrollo y sobrevivencia de las plantas. Con el objetivo de evaluar las respuestas morfofisiológicas en una plantación con especies del bosque esclerófilo bajo diferentes dosis de riego, se desarrolló un estudio en una forestación con plantas de quillay y maitén de dos años de edad, donde las plantas fueron sometidas a dos tratamientos de riego, riego con 10 litros una vez al mes y riego de 20 litros distribuidos en dos riegos de 10 litros cada 15 días, durante el periodo estival de 2015. A través del estado hídrico de los individuos, el crecimiento en diámetro y longitud, la acumulación de biomasa total y por componente, y la sobrevivencia de las plantas según especies y dosis de riego fue evaluado.
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Araújo, Huyrá Estevão de. "BaCeO3 dopado com 5%Mol Y2O3 : sinterização, microestrutura e condutividade elétrica protônica". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7849.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
The development of solid electrolytes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells is a challenge to enabling this technology as sustanaible energy resource. Ceramics based on Yttrium doped- Barium cerate are potential candidates for this application due high protonic electrical conducitivity at intermediate temperatures, 500~600o C. In this present work, BaCe0,9Y0,1O3 based ceramics were prepared by solid state reaction and wet chemical route, specifically amorphous citrate process. The sintering parameters were controlled by dwell temperature, dwell time and heating rate. X ray diffraction was performed to powders, green and sintered ceramics and the perovskite phase was obtained but it was observed that lattice symmetry shows strongly dependent on dwell sintering and powders preparation route. The scanning electronic microscopy and sintering at dilatometer were performed and have shown a liquid phase sintering. A model to BaCe0,9Y0,1O3 sintering was proposed which the partial substitution of Yttrium atoms at host site of Cerium leads to a liquid phase formation at eutectic point of BaCeO3 composition and this promotes densification. The following step is dedicated to re-incorporation of Yttrium atoms to lattice and returning to conductive phase. The success of this step is favored by higher temperatures and chemical homogeneity of powders. The electrical conductivity shows stronger dependence on sintering profile at wet chemical powder than at solid state reaction powder. Among sintered ceramics with density at least 95% than theoretical density, the higher conductivity was achieved with lower temperature sintering and better chemical homogeneity, with =10-2 S.cm-1 at 500ºC in humidity atmospheres.
O desenvolvimento de eletrólitos sólidos para Células a Combustível caracteriza um desafio para a implementação dessa tecnologia como fonte de energia. As cerâmicas de cerato de Bário dopado com Ítrio são candidatas em potencial para aplicação por apresentam excelente condutividade elétrica protônica em temperaturas intermediárias, 500~600º C. No presente trabalho, cerâmicas a base de BaCe0,9Y0,1O3 foram produzidas através de pós preparados por reação em estado sólido e por rota química com reação em estado líquido através de processo citrato amorfo. As condições de sinterização foram controladas através da alteração de temperatura de patamar, tempo de patamar, taxa de aquecimento e número de etapas de sinterização. As amostras sinterizadas foram analisadas por difração de raios X e foi obtida a fase perovskita com a simetria dependente da temperatura de sinterização e rota de preparação dos pós. A análise de microestrutura através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura em conjunto com a análise de sinterização em dilatômetro indicaram que a sinterização ocorre por fase líquida. Um modelo para a sinterização de BaCe0,9Y0,1O3 foi proposto onde a substituição parcial dos átomos de Ítrio na posição do Cério favorece a formação de fase líquida em pequenas quantidades no ponto eutético da composição BaCeO3 auxiliando a densificação e a fase seguinte da sinterização é dedicada a entrada dos átomos de Ítrio na rede retomando a fase de interesse. A eficiência dessa fase é determinante na densidade e formação de fase dos corpos cerâmicos e é favorecida pela temperatura e pela homogeneidade química dos pós. A condutividade elétrica mostrou-se mais dependente das condições de sinterização nas cerâmicas preparadas através de rota química. Dentre os corpos sinterizados e com densidade superior a 95% a maior condutividade elétrica foi observada para a menor temperatura de sinterização e maior homogeneidade química, com valores de 10-2 S.cm-1 a 500ºC, sendo correspondente às exigências para eletrólitos sólidos.
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Gibson, Iain R. "The characterisation and electrical properties of novel 8 mol% yttria-stabilised zirconias". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU527983.
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The powder characteristics of the following 8 mol% yttria-stabilised zirconia samples were studied: Tioxide yttria-coated zirconia (coated-YSZ), Tioxide co-milled YSZ, Tosoh co-precipitated YSZ and A YSZ prepared in-house by a conventional solid state route. Co-milled YSZ powders containing 3-11 mol% yttria were also studied. The phase assemblage of as-received and reacted powders was investigated by XRD. As-received co-precipitated YSZ was cubic single phase. All other as-received powders consisted of a mixture of yttria and monoclinic zirconia. The phase evolution of the samples between 1000 and 1500° was studied. The coated and co-milled YSZ were cubic single phase only after reaction at 1300°. The rate at which the different powders reached equilibrium on heating decreased in the sequence: coated-YSZ > co-milled YSZ>YSZ prepared in-house. This difference in reactivity is discussed in terms of the yttria distribution in the as-received powder. A detailed study of the yttria-zirconia reaction in coated-YSZ was made. A model was devised to describe the counter-diffraction of yttria from the external coating and the zirconia. TEM analysis of a partially-reacted coated-YSZ sample showed that some grains contained to tetragonal inner core surrounded by a cubic outer shell. The kinetics of the yttria-zirconia reaction were studied: an activation energy of 470-555 kJmol-1 was determined, which was attributed to cation counter-diffusion. The formation of the metastable t'-phase in YSZ samples was studied. On rapid-cooling, cubic YSZ solid solutions containing between 3 and 7.7 mol% yttria transformed to the t'-phase: for compositions greater than 7.7 mol% the cubic solid solutions were retained to room temperature.
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Prud?ncio, Edlene Ribeiro. "Estudo do potencial antioxidante de diferentes classes de mol?culas isoladas de mel e pr?polis em c?lulas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1626.
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Honey and propolis are produced by bees from the nectar and sap collected from plants. In the process, the phenolic compounds derived from secondary metabolism of plants are incorporated into the products mentioned. Honey and propolis samples from multiple regions have been characterized and phenolic compounds can be divided into: hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids and glycosylated flavonoids. In the literature, there is no consensus among the authors about the values for in vitro antioxidant activity. Moreover, these methods do not represent physiological conditions such as concentration of substrates and metabolites interaction. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an alternative tool for a biological assays, since it is similar to mammalian cells. The main goal of this study is to compare the antioxidant potential of different phenolic compounds classes using representatives morin, rutin, chlorogenic acid and syringic acid in control strains (BY4741) and mutant (?sod1 and ?gsh1) of S. cerevisiae. They were evaluated in dose-dependent toxicity, stress tolerance, and lipid peroxidation. All tested phenolic compounds were effective in reducing intracellular oxidative damage, especially the chlorogenic acid in the control strain. When compared to stressed cells, it promoted 75% increase on cell survival rates, compared with 57% on average for the other treatments; and 60% decrease in levels of lipid peroxidation, compared to reductions close to 47% with other treatments. In mutant strains, all compounds presented similar results. Thus, two components of the class hydroxycinnamic acid, caffeic acid and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) were tested comparatively. Both acted as an antioxidant in S. cerevisiae, however CAPE was the most toxic substance promoting the most significant increase on reduced glutathione levels among hydroxycinnamic derivatives. This result supports some related research that claims phenolic compounds protectection is related to activation of the antioxidant system as xenobiotic action of these substances
O mel e a pr?polis s?o produzidos por abelhas, a partir da coleta de n?ctar e seiva das plantas. No processo, os compostos fen?licos oriundos do metabolismo secund?rio dos vegetais s?o incorporados aos produtos mencionados. Amostras de mel e pr?polis de diferentes regi?es foram caracterizadas e o conte?do de compostos fen?licos pode ser dividido em: derivados do ?cido hidroxibenzoico, derivados do ?cido hidroxicin?mico, flavonoides e flavonoides glicosilados. Na literatura, valores de atividade antioxidante in vitro descritos divergem consideravelmente entre os autores. Al?m disso, os m?todos in vitro (DPPH, ABTS, FRAPP, dentre outros) n?o representam condi??es fisiol?gicas como concentra??o de substratos e intera??o de metab?litos. A levedura Saccharomyces cerevisie ? uma ferramenta para ensaio biol?gico, uma vez que apresenta elevada semelhan?a com c?lulas de mam?feros superiores no sistema de defesa antioxidante. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o potencial antioxidante de diferentes classes de compostos fen?licos, utilizando os representantes morina, rutina, ?cido sir?ngico e clorog?nico em cepas controle (BY4741) e mutantes (?sod1 e ?gsh1) de S. cerevisiae. Foram avaliados toxidez dose-dependente, toler?ncia ao estresse e peroxida??o lip?dica. Todos os compostos fen?licos testados foram efetivos em reduzir danos oxidativos intracelulares, com destaque para o ?cido clorog?nico na cepa controle. Quando comparado ?s c?lulas estressadas, este promoveu aumentos de 75% de sobreviv?ncia, contra 57% em m?dia dos demais tratamentos; e diminui??o de 60% em n?veis de peroxida??o lip?dica, contra redu??o pr?xima a 47% dos demais tratamentos. Nas cepas mutantes, todas as subst?ncias tiveram resultados semelhantes entre si. Desta forma, outros dois componentes da classe do ?cido hidroxicin?mico, ?cido cafeico e ?ster fenet?lico do ?cido cafeico (CAPE), foram testados comparativamente. Ambos atuaram como antioxidante em S. cerevisiae, entretanto CAPE foi a subst?ncia mais t?xica e tamb?m a que promoveu aumento mais significativo de glutationa reduzida dentre os derivados hidroxicin?micos. Esse resultado corrobora com dados de estudos que apontam que a atividade protetora dos compostos fen?licos est? relacionada a ativa??o do sistema antioxidante por a??o xenobi?tica dessas subst?ncias
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Ilabaca, Soto David Alfredo. "Respuestas Ecofisiológicas Desarrolladas por Peumus boldus Mol. Frente a Condiciones de Restricción Hídrica". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105011.
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Lewin, Covarrubias Patrick Albert. "Ensayos de fertilización para el establecimiento de Palma Chilena (Jubaea chilensis (Mol.) Baillon)". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2003. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105015.
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Memoria para optar al Título
Profesional de Ingeniero ForestalCon el objeto de estudiar los efectos que produce la fertilización en plantaciones de palma chilena y analizar los resultados obtenidos con respecto a la sobrevivencia de plantas e incremento de biomas, se llevó a cabo un estudio experimental que consistió en la aplicación de distintas dosis de fertilizante a un universo de 30 parcelas que compartían iguales características edafo-climáticas, ubicadas en el sector Santa Teresa de Quiahue, comuna de Lolol, VI Región.
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Núñez, Cerda Yolanda Angelina. "Crecimiento en un bosque raleado de Quillaja saponaria Mol., en la VI Región". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105103.
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Meuter, Nico [Verfasser]. "Photolumineszenz und Photochromie in Lösungen und in Feststoffmatrices – Interaktionsbox Photo-Mol / Nico Meuter". Wuppertal : Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1178710815/34.
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Chaves, Ot?vio Augusto. "Estudo da intera??o entre albuminas s?ricas e mol?culas biologicamente ativas". Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1368.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq
The interactions between human serum albumin (HSA) with 18-PF, BZL, MTZ and MZ and between bovine serum albumin (BSA) with t-DCTN, PF, LF-B, PIA and ?-lap were studied by spectroscopic techniques (molecular absorption in the UV-Vis region, circular dichroism, emission fluorescence in the steady state and temporal resolution) under physiological conditions. Theoretical calculations by molecular docking were performed to complement the experimental data and thus offer accurate to the results. The results obtained for the fluorescence quenching rate constant (kq) is greater than the diffusion rate constant in water (kdiff ? 5,00x109 L/mol), indicating that there is formation of complex between albumin and biologically active molecules in the ground state (for the sample PIA we confirmed this data with time resolved fluorescence experiments). For t-DCTN and LF-B beyond the static mechanism it was observed the presence of dynamic fluorescence quenching mechanism. Finally, for PF and PIA F?rster theory shows that the energy transfer between the fluorophore and the quenchers can occurs with high probability. The thermodynamic values for Gibbs? free energy are in accordance with the spontaneity of the association, for all the samples. Thermodynamic parameters ?H? and ?S? provided evidence of the main intermolecular interactions in the association. The samples 18-FP, t-DCTN, LF-B, PIA, ?-lap, BZL and MTZ interact with albumin by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. On the other hand, PF and MZ interact by hydrogen bonding and electrostatic forces. The number of binding sites shows that there is only one main cavity of the protein to the interaction. For 18-PF, PF and LF-B the binding is weak, for t-DCTN the binding is moderate and for PIA, ?-lap, BZL, MTZ and MZ the binding is strong. Circular dichroism results show that upon binding of samples with the albumin there are no significant perturbations on the secondary structure of the protein. Theoretical calculations by molecular docking are in full agreement with the spectroscopic results
As intera??es entre albumina s?rica humana (ASH) com 18-FP, BZL, MTZ e MZ e entre albumina s?rica bovina (ASB) com t-DCTN, PF, LF-B, PIA e ?-lap foram estudadas por t?cnicas espectrosc?picas (absor??o molecular no UV-Vis, dicro?smo circular, emiss?o de fluoresc?ncia no estado estacion?rio e com resolu??o temporal) sobre condi??es fisiol?gicas. C?lculos te?ricos por ancoramento molecular (do ingl?s molecular docking) foram executados para complementa??o dos dados experimentais e dessa forma obter resultados mais precisos. Os resultados obtidos para as constantes de velocidade de supress?o de fluoresc?ncia das albuminas (kq) s?o maiores do que a velocidade de difus?o em ?gua (kdiff ? 5,00x109 L/mols), indicando que h? forma??o de um complexo no estado fundamental entre as albuminas com as mol?culas biologicamente ativas (para amostra PIA tal dado foi confirmado com a fluoresc?ncia resolvida no tempo). Para as amostras t-DCTN e LF-B al?m do mecanismo est?tico foi observado ? presen?a do mecanismo din?mico e j? para as amostras PF e PIA o c?lculo de F?rster mostra alta probabilidade de ocorr?ncia de transfer?ncia de energia entre o fluor?foro e os supressores. Os valores termodin?micos de energia livre de Gibbs, calculados para todas as amostras est?o de acordo com a espontaneidade da associa??o. Par?metros termodin?micos de ?H? e ?S? forneceram ind?cios das principais intera??es intermoleculares na associa??o. As amostras 18-FP, t-DCTN, LF-B, PIA, ?-lap, BZL e MTZ associam com a albumina via liga??o de hidrog?nio e intera??es hidrof?bicas e j? PF e MZ por liga??o de hidrog?nio e intera??es eletrost?ticas. O n?mero de s?tios de liga??o para todas as amostras indicam que h? apenas uma principal cavidade da prote?na para a associa??o das mol?culas estudadas, sendo que essa associa??o ? moderada para 18-FP, PF e LF-B, fraca para t-DCTN e forte para PIA, ?-lap, BZL, MTZ e MZ. Estudos de dicro?smo circular demonstram que n?o h? perturba??es significativas na estrutura secund?ria da albumina com a associa??o. C?lculos te?ricos via ancoramento molecular est?o em total acordo com os resultados espectrosc?picos
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Sarmento, Ricardo Gondim. "Conduc?o eletr?nica e propriedades termodin?micas da mol?cula de DNA". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18623.
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Previous issue date: 2012-05-28Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
In this thesis, we study the thermo-electronic properties of the DNA molecule. For this purpose, we used three types of models with the DNA, all assuming a at geometry (2D), each built by a sequence of quasiperiodic (Fibonacci and / or Rudin-Shapiro) and a sequence of natural DNA, part of the human chromosome Ch22. The first two models have two types of components that are the nitrogenous bases (guanine G, cytosine C, adenine A and thymine T) and a cluster sugar-phosphate (SP), while the third has only the nitrogenous bases. In the first model we calculate the density of states using the formalism of Dyson and transmittance for the time independent Schr odinger equation . In the second model we used the renormalizationprocedure for the profile of the transmittance and consequently the I (current) versus V (voltage). In the third model we calculate the density of states formalism by Dean and used the results together with the Fermi-Dirac statistics for the chemical potential and the quantum specific heat. Finally, we compare the physical properties found for the quasi-periodic sequences and those that use a portion of the genomic DNA sequence (Ch22).
Nesta tese, estudamos as propriedades termo-eletr?nicas da mol?cula de DNA. Para tal prop?sito, fizemos uso de tr?s tipos de modelos com o DNA, todos assumindo uma geometria plana (2D), constru?dos cada um atrav?s das sequ?ncias quase-peri?dicas (Fibonacci e/ou Rudin-Shapiro) e de uma sequ?ncia de DNA natural, parte do cromossomo humano Ch22 . Os dois primeiros modelos apresentam dois tipos de componentes que s?o: as bases nitrogenadas (Guanina G, citosina C, Adenina A e Timina T) e um grupamento a??car-fosfato (SP), enquanto o terceiro modelo apresenta somente as bases nitrogenadas. No primeiro modelo calculamos as densidades de estados utilizando o formalismo de Dyson e as transmit?ncias pela equac?o de Schr?dinger independente do tempo. No segundo modelo fizemos uso do processo de renormalizac?o para obtemos os perfis das transmit?ncias e consequentemente as curvas I (corrente) _ V (voltagem). No terceiro modelo calculamos as densidades de estados pelo formalismo de Dean e utilizamos os resultados juntamente com a estat?stica de Fermi-Dirac para obtemos os potenciais qu?micos e os calores espec?ficos qu?nticos. Finalmente, comparamos as propriedades f?sicas encontradas para as sequ?ncias quase-peri?dicas e para aqueles que utilizam um trecho da sequ?ncia gen?mica do DNA (Ch22)
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Gómez, García Daniela Francisca. "Efecto de la suplementación con frutos de espino (Acacia caven (Mol.) Mol.) en la condición corporal, peso vivo en último tercio de gestación y peso al nacimiento de corderos en ovejas Suffolk". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/112302.
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Memoria para optar al Título
Profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo
Mención Producción AnimalEl matorral de Acacia caven (Mol.) Mol. (espino) domina en el secano interior de la zona central. Sus frutos o vainas son producidas en los meses secos, donde la pradera aún no ha emergido. Estudios en similares condiciones hacen mención de la posibilidad del uso de hojas y/o frutos de distintas especies de Acacias como suplemento para la alimentación de rumiantes en distintos estados fisiológicos. La presente investigación se realizó en la Estación Experimental Germán Greve Silva, perteneciente a la Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas de la Universidad de Chile y tuvo como objetivo evaluar la suplementación con fruto de espino sobre la condición corporal, peso vivo durante el último tercio de gestación y peso al nacimiento de corderos en 28 hembras de la raza Suffolk Down. Estas fueron dispuestas en 2 grupos de 14 animales en potreros rectangulares de 1 hectárea con estrato herbáceo, teniendo de alimentación base la pradera. Sólo un grupo fue suplementado diariamente con 200 g de vaina entera molida animal-1 día-1. Se midió peso vivo y se estimó condición corporal cada 10 días durante el último tercio de preñez. Luego post-parto se realizaron las mismas mediciones y de forma adicional se midió el peso vivo de corderos al nacimiento. Además, se tomaron 3 muestras compuestas de 20 submuestras cada una para el análisis nutricional de la pradera. El fruto de espino también fue analizado bromatológicamente presentando valores similares en comparación con otros frutos de Acacias. Los resultados mostraron que la suplementación con fruto de espino mantuvo e incluso mejoró la condición corporal durante el último tercio de gestación, manteniéndose siempre por sobre los 3,0 puntos; el peso vivo tuvo una respuesta similar pero no estadísticamente significativa. La condición corporal y peso vivo post-parto fueron similares en ambos grupos siendo en promedio 2,3 puntos y 54,6 kg en hembras sin suplementación y 2,3 puntos y 56,8 kg en las suplementadas. El peso vivo de los corderos al nacimiento no presentó diferencias. Se puede concluir que el fruto de espino, al presentar características nutricionales favorables, se puede considerar un suplemento a utilizar como apoyo en hembras rumiantes en último tercio de gestación, sobre todo si la pradera es de deficiente calidad.
Acacia caven (Mol.) Mol. brushwood dominates in semi-arids areas of Central Chile. It's fruits or pods are produced when the grassland has not yet emerged. Studies under similar conditions have shown the possibility of using Acacias fruits or leaves as a supplement for ruminants in different physiological states. This research was conducted at the German Greve Silva Experimental Station and its was aimed to evaluate the supplementation with Acacia caven fruits on body condition score and live weight in late pregnancy of Suffolk sheep and birth weight of their lambs. Treatments were arranged in two groups with 14 animals each, on paddocks with herbaceous strata. One group was supplemented with Acacia caven fruits (200 g per animal per day). Live weight and body condition score were measured every ten days in late pregnancy and once post-partum. Body weight at birth was measured for each lamb, one day after the partum. Three samples of the grassland and one sample of the supplement were analyzed chemically. Results showed that supplementation with Acacia caven fruits improved body condition score during late pregnancy. Supplementation did not change body weight in this period. Post-partum body condition score and body weight were similar between treatments (p>0.05). Birth weight of lambs had no differences between treatments. It was concluded that Acacia caven fruits shown favorable nutritional characteristics and can be considered as a supplement for ruminants in late pregnancy, particularly in situations of poor quality pasture.
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Boineau, Frédéric. "Applications du fluxmètre gazeux à pression constante ; caractérisation métrologique et comparaisons aux méthodes de référence pour les mesures de débit de 4×10-12 mol/s à 4×10-7 mol/s". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CNAM1072/document.
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Ce mémoire traite de la mise au point et des applications d’un fluxmètre gazeux à pression constante, instrument de référence primaire pour la mesure de très faibles débits gazeux, couramment utilisé par les Laboratoires nationaux de métrologie. Il intervient dans la traçabilité des basses pressions absolues, via la méthode d’expansion continue, et celle des fuites d’hélium, liées aux applications dans le domaine du vide. De plus, nous avons montré que le fluxmètre à pression constante du Laboratoire commun de métrologie (LCM) permettait le raccordement des mesures de micro-débits, sous-domaine de la débitmétrie. Outre les points clés de la conception et la caractérisation métrologique, ce mémoire décrit l’étude de l’expansion continue ainsi que les travaux de comparaison du fluxmètre gazeux à pression constante avec les méthodes de référence employées au LCM, en particulier la méthode de gravimétrie dynamiqueThis dissertation concerns the development and applications of a constant pressure gas flowmeter, the primary reference instrument used by National metrology laboratories to measure very low gas flows. It guarantees the traceability of low absolute pressures, via the continuous expansion method, and that of helium leaks, both related to applications in the field of vacuum. In addition, we have shown that the Laboratoire commun de métrologie (LCM) constant pressure flowmeter is well suited to micro-flow measurements, a sub-field of flow metering. Besides key points of the design and metrological characterization, this document describes the study of the continuous expansion method and work on comparisons of the constant pressure gas flowmeter with reference methods used at LCM, in particular the dynamic gravimetric method
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Ramos, Raquel Rocha. "Estudo sobre mol?culas com atividade hemoglobinol?tica em Angiostrongylus costaricensis e Angiostrongylus cantonensis". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/5341.
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Previous issue date: 2009-04-03Angiostrongylus costaricensis e A. cantonensis s?o as principais esp?cies patog?nicas para o homem no g?nero Angiostrongylus. Esses parasitos tem tropismo tecidual diferentes, A. cantonensis ? um parasito neurotr?pico que causa a angiostrongil?ase meningoencef?lica e A. costaricensis localiza-se no mesent?rio sendo o agente etiol?gico da angiostrongil?ase abdominal. Os testes imunol?gicos utilizados ultimamente para o diagn?stico das Angiostrongil?ases s?o limitados pela baixa especificidade. Entretanto, prote?nas funcionais especializadas, tais como enzimas, podem ser fontes de reatividade imunol?gica espec?fica. O objetivo do presente trabalho ? identificar atividade hemoglobinol?tica nesses parasitos. Tubos digestivos de f?meas foram homogeneizadas em tamp?o de lise. As prote?nas do extrato (ExAca) foram incubadas com hemoglobina bovina (HbB) em diferentes pHs. Zimografia foi realizado em g?is copolimerizados com 0,4% gelatina ou 0,1% BHb. Degrada??o da hemoglobina foi bem demonstrada em uma ampla faixa de pH, de 3,0 para 7,0. N?o foram detectadas bandas de degrada??o na zimografia com gelatina ou hemoglobina como substrato. Os dados limitados da zimografia e os resultados de atividade hemoglobinol?tica, com ou sem a titula??o de pH, pode sugerir um complexo de proteases em pequena quantidade. Explora??o de diversas estrat?gias de concentra??o do extrato prot?ico, sem perda da atividade da enzima, constitue a perspectiva desse trabalho, visando ? identifica??o, caracteriza??o e produ??o em larga escala de mol?culas com atividade hemoglobinol?tica.
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Campanher, Carlos Henrique. "A aprendizagem significativa crítica aplicada ao ensino da constante de Avogadro e o Mol". Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2016. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/riu/1038.
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O presente trabalho foi elaborado com o objetivo de abordar o ensino da Constante de Avogadro e o número de moléculas, tendo como desafio, contextualizar o ensino da estequiometria, de uma forma que seja significativa. Partindo do princípio que o ensino através de metodologias tradicionais, com um alto número de aulas expositivas e com programas curriculares totalmente conteudistas, causam a desmotivação dos alunos. Estes são aspectos que tornam o processo de ensino - aprendizagem de Química menos interessante, desmotivando o aluno. Como uma proposta, que possa vir a contribuir com uma mudança de rota, a aprendizagem significativa crítica, apresenta-se como uma nova prática de ensino da estequiometria. Os procedimentos didáticos utilizados visam promover a reflexão sobre problemas contemporâneos do aluno e contribuir para a reflexão, do estudante no processo de ensino/aprendizagem da Química e a formação de um indivíduo crítico. A aplicação da proposta foi realizada com uma turma de 2º ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola da rede estadual de ensino, localizado no município de Santiago, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, na Região Sul do Brasil, durante os meses de março, abril e maio de 2014. A investigação consistiu em efetivar uma prática considerada diferenciada para aquela realidade escolar que pudesse contribuir para a melhoria do ensino/aprendizagem de Química e para a eficácia de metodologias variadas através da elaboração de um material didático mediado pelo uso da pesquisa, com a construção de mapas conceituais, seminários, vídeos, aulas práticas não convencionais e a interlocução professor - aluno. Embasando esta proposta, a teoria da aprendizagem significativa e a teoria da aprendizagem significativa crítica de Ausubel e Moreira respectivamente. A análise da pesquisa foi feita a partir dos resultados obtidos com a aplicação destas metodologias em uma das turmas e sua comparação com os resultados obtidos em outra turma na qual não foram implementadas as metodologias. Os alunos que participaram desta proposta, mostraram um interesse maior na aprendizagem, obtendo um aproveitamento maior em relação a qualidade do material produzido. A aprendizagem de forma significativa crítica, trouxe uma vontade maior de aprender por parte do aluno do que a metodologia clássica.
This work was done in order to address the teaching of the Avogadro constant and the number of molecules, with the challenge to contextualize the teaching of stoichiometry, in a way that is meaningful. Assuming that teaching through traditional methods, with a high number of lectures and fully conteudistas curricula, cause demotivation of students. These are aspects make the teaching process - Chemistry learning less interesting, discouraging the student. As a proposal, which may contribute to a change of route, the significant critical learning, it presents itself as a new teaching practice stoichiometry. Didactic procedures used aim to promote reflection on contemporary student problems and contribute to the reflection, the student in the teaching / learning of chemistry and the formation of a critical individual. The implementation of the proposal was held with a group of 2nd year of high school a school state schools located in the city of Santiago, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in southern Brazil, during the months of March, April and May 2014. the investigation was to carry out a considered differentiated practice for that school reality that could contribute to the improvement of the teaching / learning of chemistry and the effectiveness of different methodologies by developing educational material mediated by the use of search with the construction of concept maps, seminars, videos, unconventional practical classes and teacher dialogue - student. Basing this proposal, the theory of meaningful learning and critical theory of meaningful learning of Ausubel and Moreira respectively. The analysis of the research was done from the results obtained from the application of these methodologies in one of the classes and their comparison with the results obtained in another class in which the methods were not implemented. Students, who participated in this proposal, have shown greater interest in learning, getting better use in relation to quality of material produced. Learning significant critically, brought a greater desire to learn from the student than the classical methodology.
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Armijo, Cerda Valentina Paz. "Evaluación del consumo y preferencia por los frutos de espino (Acacia caven (Mol.) Mol.) en borregas Suffolk Down, en relación con el estado de desarrollo y la forma de presentación de los frutos". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/147646.
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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniera AgrónomaLas especies arbustivas y arbóreas son indispensables en los sistemas ganaderos en base a praderas en zonas áridas y semi-áridas, donde los animales ramonean y consumen los frutos de aquellas especies para cubrir sus requerimientos. El objetivo de este estudio fue detectar preferencia de consumo de frutos de espino, ofrecido en dos formas de presentación (molido y peletizado) y cosechado en dos momentos de cosecha fruto (verde y maduro). En este estudio se ofreció frutos de espino en 4 tratamientos (dos formas de presentación y dos momentos de cosecha) en un ensayo de cafetería o de selección de alimentos, a 6 ovejas Suffolk Down (43,3 ± 0,8 kg) elegidas al azar, de aproximadamente 1 año de edad. Durante 6 días, a modo de acostumbramiento, las borregas se privaron de alimentación durante la noche (18:00 a 09:00 h), y fueron suplementadas en la mañana (09:00 a 10:00 h). El resto del día se mantuvieron en un potrero con pradera anual de clima mediterráneo y agua a libre disposición. De cada tratamiento se les proporcionó 200 g de cada forma de presentación de frutos de espino simultáneamente en cuatro comederos distintos durante 1 hora al día. Después de la etapa acostumbramiento, se tomó registro de los consumos durante 5 días consecutivos para determinar consumo relativo y preferencia entre tratamientos. Con respecto a la calidad de los frutos, el maduro mostró tener una mayor calidad a pesar de su mayor nivel de fibra de detergente neutro (FDN) con respecto al fruto verde ya que, posee mayores niveles de energía metabolizable y digestibilidad. El análisis de medias repetidas en el tiempo mostró que el tratamiento seleccionado positivamente fue el fruto de espino maduro presentado molido (calculado por el índice de Jacobs). El consumo absoluto y el consumo proporcional de los suplementos fabricados con frutos maduros de espino fueron mayores que el consumo de los suplementos basados en frutos verdes, independiente de la forma de presentación. El análisis de componentes principales mostró que existe una estrecha relación entre el rechazo a los frutos verdes y el contenido de fenoles totales. Se concluye que las ovejas prefirieron los frutos maduros por sobre los frutos verdes de acuerdo a los niveles de polifenoles totales y a la calidad del fruto.
Shrubs and trees species are indispensable in livestock systems based on grasslands in desert and semi-desert lands, where animals browsing and consume the fruits of those species to meet their requirements. The aim of this study was to detect selectivity of Acacia caven fruits, offered in two forms of presentation (grinding and pelletizing) and harvested at two harvest time (green and ripe fruit). In this study Acacia caven fruits in 4 treatments (two forms of presentation and two harvest times) in a choice feeding experiment were offered to 6 randomly selected Suffolk Down sheep of about 1 year old (43.3 ± 0.8 kg). During six days, for habituation, the sheep were deprived of feed during the night (18:00 to 9:00 h) and were supplemented in the morning (9:00 to 10:00 h). The rest of the day they were kept on a pasture with annual Mediterranean grasslands and water ad-libitum. In each treatment 200 g of each presentation of Acacia caven fruit were given simultaneously on four different feeders during 1 hour per day. After habituation, feed intake was recorded for 5 consecutive days to determine the relative intake and preference among treatments. Ripe fruit showed higher quality despite their higher level of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) compared to green fruit due to their higher levels of metabolizable energy and digestibility. Repeated measurement statistical analysis showed that the best selected treatment was ripe Acacia caven fruits presented as grinding (index calculated by Jacobs). The absolute and proportional intake supplements made from ripe fruits of Acacia caven was higher than the intake of supplements based on green fruit, independent of the fruit presentation. Principal components analysis showed that there is a close relationship between rejection of green fruits and total phenolic content. It was concluded that the sheep preferred ripe fruits over green fruits due to phenolic content and fruit quality.
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Sarmento, Ricardo Gondim. "A influ?ncia do esqueleto a??car-fostato no transporte da mol?cula de DNA". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16543.
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Previous issue date: 2008-09-30Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
This dissertation analyses the influence of sugar-phosphate structure in the electronic transport in the double stretch DNA molecule, with the sequence of the base pairs modeled by two types of quasi-periodic sequences: Rudin-Shapiro and Fibonacci. For the sequences, the density of state was calculated and it was compared with the density of state of a piece of human DNA Ch22. After, the electronic transmittance was investigated. In both situations, the Hamiltonians are different. On the analysis of density of state, it was employed the Dyson equation. On the transmittance, the time independent Schr?dinger equation was used. In both cases, the tight-binding model was applied. The density of states obtained through Rudin-Shapiro sequence reveal to be similar to the density of state for the Ch22. And for transmittance only until the fifth generation of the Fibonacci sequence was acquired. We have considered long range correlations in both transport mechanism
Esta disserta??o analisa a influ?ncia do esqueleto a??car-fosfato no transporte eletr?nico na mol?cula de DNA de fita dupla, com o sequenciamento dos pares de base modelado por dois tipos de seq??ncias quasi-peri?dicas: Rudin-Shapiro e Fibonacci. Para ambas as seq??ncias, foram calculadas as densidades de estado e comparadas com a densidade de estado de um trecho do DNA humano Ch 22. Em seguida, foi investigada a transmit?ncia eletr?nica. Nos dois casos, as Hamiltonianas s?o distintas. Na an?lise da densidade de estado foi empregada a equa??o de Dyson. Na transmit?ncia foi feito uso da equa??o de Schr?dinger independente do tempo. Em ambos os casos, foi utilizado o modelo tight-binding. Os resultados para a densidade de estado foram mais satisfat?rios para a seq??ncia de Rudin-Shapiro, que forneceu um perfil muito pr?ximo do perfil da densidade de estado para o Ch22. A transmit?ncia foi calculada somente para a seq??ncia de Fibonacci at? a quinta gera??o. Nestes dois mecanismos de transporte, as correla??es s?o de longo alcance
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Xavier, Allan Moreira. "Flexibilidade curricular, interdisciplinaridade e formação continuada: projeto mol(ecul)ar de formação superior da UFABC". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2015.
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Orientador: Prof. Dr. Leonardo José SteilTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do ABC. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia/Química, 2015.
Pensar o currículo a partir de uma perspectiva rizomática possibilita a construção de novas conexões que se libertam de restrições impostas pelas relações lineares e, mesmo que momentaneamente, produzem multiplicidades. Interdisciplinaridade, flexibilidade e formação continuada são enunciados que atravessam e nominalizam o currículo do Bacharelado em Ciência e Tecnologia (BC&T) da Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC) cujos agenciamentos estão em constante devir: molecular e molar. Compreender como funcionam os agenciamentos maquínicos curriculares nos quais está circunscrito o BC&T da UFABC a partir da identificação de enunciados molarizados e das linhas de fuga que surgem desta proposta curricular resume o principal objetivo desta pesquisa. Para tanto, realizou-se um levantamento arqueológico dos discursos a partir de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, documentos oficiais (projetos pedagógicos e regulamentações da universidade) assim como de anotações das observações da prática pedagógica de uma docente. A flexibilidade proposta no BC&T da UFABC promove currículos devir-molar e devir-molecular situando-se nas demandas locais e globais por formação generalista, na isenção de requisitos formais, no controle do tempo, na incorporação de lógicas de organização de conteúdo especializadas e hierárquicas, nos deslocamentos dos caráteres fundamental e aplicado. A compreensão de que a interdisciplinaridade, em sua derivação atitudinal, é integradora de conhecimentos diverge da lógica transversal rizomática que pode ser estabelecida no exercício flexível do currículo. Análise de grafos indicou molarização de unidades curriculares em função de sua aplicabilidade. Alteração nas ementas e discursos de contextualização apontam para um direcionamento de formação para o mercado de trabalho. Os dispositivos de planejamento, metodologia e avaliação instrumentalizam a formação docente, estabelecendo uma subjetividade capitalística de identidade docente. Uma microanalítica destes agenciamentos agindo sobre as condições de singularidades inerentes ao projeto da UFABC possibilitará o surgimento de linhas de fuga que permita o surgimento de subjetividades maquínicas docentes, sua função-educador.
Thinking the curriculum from a rhizome perspective enables us to build new connections that allow us to get rid of linear relationships constraints and, even if shortly, to produce multiplicities. The rhizomatic transversality marks the recognition of pulverization, multiplicity, differentiation, does not target for artificially integrating knowledge but establishes endless policomprehensions. Interdisciplinarity, flexibility and in service training are statements that cross and nominalize the Science and Technology baccalaureate (BC&T)¿s curriculum from Federal University of ABC (UFABC) whose agencements are in constant becoming: molecular and molar. Understand how the machinic curriculum agencements in which UFABC¿s BC&T is inscribed based on the identification of molarized statements and lines of flight that arise from this proposed curriculum summarizes the main objective of this research. In order to achieve this aim, an archaeological survey of the speeches was conducted out of semi-structured interviews, official documents (educational projects and the university¿s regulations) as well as from notes of observations of a professor¿s teaching practice. The flexibility proposed in BC&T promotes curricula becoming-molar and becoming-molecular: standing in both local and global demands for general education, exempting formal requirements, controlling time, incorporating specialized and hierarchical organizations of content, and displacement from applied to fundamental the characteristics of curricular units. The apprehension of interdisciplinarity, in its attitudinal derivation, as a way to integrate knowledge diverges from the transversal rhizome logic that can be established in the flexible curriculum exercise. Analysis of graphs indicated molarization of curricular units based on their applicability. Change in the course¿s content and contextualization speeches indicate an orientation for labor market training. A microanalysis of such assemblages acting on the peculiarities of conditions inherent to UFABC the project enables the emergence of escape routes that allow the emergence of teacher¿s mechanic subjectivities, their function-educator.
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Hamel, Raymond Jr. "Biocapteurs ?? champ ??vanescent : synth??se et caract??risation optique de constructions mol??culaires sur substrats solides". Thèse, Universit?? de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/116.
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Depuis plusieurs ann??es, une attention toute particuli??re a ??t?? port??e ?? la conception de biocapteurs. Divers types ont ??t?? d??velopp??s (ex. optiques, ??lectriques) et ont men?? ?? une multitude d???applications. On en retrouve d??sormais dans des champs d???applications aussi vari??s que la d??tection d???explosifs et de toxines, la s??curit?? alimentaire, la d??tection et le dosage de polluants environnementaux ou la sant??. Le d??veloppement de telles technologies se base sur l???union de deux domaines scientifiques tr??s diff??rents. D???un c??t??, la partie ?? capteur ?? est con??ue en utilisant des m??thodes de microfabrication. Ces derni??res font appel ?? l???emploi de compos??s inorganiques (ex. m??taux, mat??riaux semi-conducteurs, verre et autres). De l???autre c??t??, on retrouve un assemblage de mol??cules organiques, prot??ines, enzymes ou r??cepteurs issus du domaine biologique.
L???un des grands d??fis est d???unir la portion biologique au capteur (c.-??-d. substrat) sans alt??rer les propri??t??s de ces deux composants. Plusieurs m??thodes sont envisageables pour arriver ?? coupler le mat??riel biologique au substrat. L???objectif de la recherche de cette th??se est d?????tudier la liaison de mol??cules sur un substrat et de cr??er un syst??me biologique servant comme syst??me de d??tection pour un biocapteur. Le mod??le choisi pour ??tablir le concept de base est l???affinit?? variable entre l???avidine et la 2-iminobiotine. Il est connu que l???affinit?? de l???avidine ?? l???iminobiotine peut ??tre modifi??e en changeant les conditions de pH. La liaison form??e en milieu basique sera affaiblie en milieu acide menant ?? la s??paration de la prot??ine et du ligand. Contrairement ?? l???iminobiotine, la biotine poss??de un lien fort et stable avec l???avidine impossible ?? briser dans des conditions non d??naturantes.
L???avidine ??tant une prot??ine t??tram??rique, quatre ligands peuvent s???y lier. On profite donc de cette propri??t?? pour lier l???avidine ?? un bras polym??rique, une chaine de poly??thyl??ne glycol (PEG) comprenant une biotine, lui-m??me attach?? ?? la surface. Ce bras, maintenant fonctionnalis??, devra permettre de garder pr??s de la surface une avidine, lui permettant de se lier ?? des iminobiotine aussi attach??es en surface ou s???en d??lier selon les conditions de pH.
La premi??re partie de cette th??se est consacr??e ?? la fonctionnalisation des surfaces. La premi??re ??tape de la construction a ??t?? de faire un attachement pour cr??er une couche de mol??cules qui serviront de support et d???ancrage au m??canisme mol??culaire du biocapteur. L???attachement de mol??cules ??tant r??alisable sur les surfaces d??sign??es, une construction a ??t?? test??e. La strat??gie propos??e consistait en l???utilisation d???une mol??cule bifonctionnelle en forme de ?? Y ??. Cette mol??cule a ??t?? synth??tis??e sp??cifiquement pour l???attachement en deux ??tapes successives des deux composantes du syst??me mol??culaire modulable en pH. Sur la premi??re branche se trouve une iminobiotine. La seconde a ??t?? pr??vue afin d???y attacher le bras polym??rique. Cette construction a ??t?? faite et test??e par SPR.
Enfin, une seconde strat??gie de construction a ??t?? ??tudi??e. Celle-ci impliquait l???utilisation d???une prot??ine (albumine de s??rum bovin, BSA) modifi??e comme base de la construction. Une premi??re BSA a ??t?? modifi??e avec de l???iminobiotine tandis qu???une seconde avec le PEG. Ces deux prot??ines modifi??es ont ??t?? mises ensemble en solution et d??pos??es sur un substrat SPR. Elles constituent ensemble les deux morceaux du syst??me pr??c??demment mentionn??. L???objectif de cette strat??gie ??tait de contr??ler la quantit?? relative des esp??ces n??cessaires en surface de fa??on ?? obtenir un signal SPR optimal. De plus, la pr??sence de ces prot??ines en surface devait bloquer l???adsorption non sp??cifique sur cette derni??re d???esp??ces non d??sir??es.
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Bungeroth, Ute [Verfasser]. "Analyse der In-pile-Blockade-Experimente Mol 7C mit einem erweiterten SIMMER-II Programm / Ute Bungeroth". Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 1992. http://d-nb.info/1150302070/34.
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Mol, Adam Artur [Verfasser], Beatrix [Akademischer Betreuer] Süß i M. Cristina [Akademischer Betreuer] Cardoso. "TetR-binding aptamer as a versatile regulatory element / Adam Artur Mol ; Beatrix Süß, M. Cristina Cardoso". Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/122309491X/34.
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Mol, Adam Artur Verfasser], Beatrix [Akademischer Betreuer] [Süß i Cristina [Akademischer Betreuer] Cardoso. "TetR-binding aptamer as a versatile regulatory element / Adam Artur Mol ; Beatrix Süß, M. Cristina Cardoso". Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2020. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-118455.
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Barboza, Carlos Ant?nio. "Propriedades f?sica de mol?cilas org?nicas e compostos do tipo perovskita CdSiO3 e CaPbO3". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16559.
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Previous issue date: 2009-06-26Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
In the first part of this work our concern was to investigate the thermal effects in organic crystals using the theory of the polarons. To analyse such effect, we used the Fr?hlich s Hamiltonian, that describes the dynamics of the polarons, using a treatment based on the quantum mechanics, to elucidate the electron-phonon interaction. Many are the forms to analyzing the polaronic phenomenon. However, the measure of the dielectric function can supply important information about the small polarons hopping process. Besides, the dielectric function measures the answer to an applied external electric field, and it is an important tool for the understanding of the many-body effects in the normal state of a polaronic system. We calculate the dielectric function and its dependence on temperature using the Hartree-Fock decoupling method. The dieletric function s dependence on the temperature is depicted by through a 3D graph. We also analyzed the so called Arrhenius resistivity, as a functionof the temperature, which is an important tool to characterize the conductivity of an organic molecule. In the second part we analyzed two perovskita type crystalline oxides, namely the cadmium silicate triclinic (CdSiO3) and the calcium plumbate orthorhombic (CaPbO3), respectively. These materials are normally denominated ABO3 and they have been especially investigated for displaying ferroelectric, piezoelectric, dielectrics, semiconductors and superconductors properties. We found our results through ab initio method within the functional density theory (DFT) in the GGA-PBE and LDA-CAPZ approximations. After the geometry optimization for the two structure using the in two approximations, we found the structure parameters and compared them with the experimental data. We still determined further the angles of connection for the two analyzed cases. Soon after the convergence of the energy, we determined their band structures, fundamental information to characterize the nature of the material, as well as their dielectrics functions, optical absorption, partial density of states and effective masses of electrons and holes
Na primeira parte deste trabalho nos preocupamos em desvendar os efeitos t?rmicos, usando a teoria dos polarons, em cristais org?nicos. Para analisarmos tais efeitos usamos o Hamiltoniano de Fr?hlich que prop?s um modelo para a din?mica dos polarons (acoplamento el?tron-f?non) usando um tratamento qu?ntico. Muitas s?o as formas de se analisar o fen?meno polar?nico, tais como, a medida da fun??o diel?trica que pode fornecer informa??es importantes sobre o processo de hopping dos small polarons . Al?m disso, a fun??o diel?trica mede a resposta a um campo el?trico externo aplicado e ?e uma importante ferramenta para entender os efeitos de muitos-corpos no estado normal de um sistema polar?nico. Calculamos a fun??o diel?trica e conseq??ntemente a sua depend?ncia com a temperatura usando o desacoplamento de Hartree-Fock. A depend encia da temperatura ? verificada na fun??o diel?trica em um gr?fico 3D em fun?ao da frequ?ncia e temperatura reduzida. Analisamos ainda a chamada resistividade de Arrhenius em fun??o da temperatura, importante ferramenta na caracteriza??o da condutividade de uma mol?cula org?nica. Nas segunda etapa analisamos dois ?xidos cristalinos tipo perovskita: o silicato de c?dmio tricl?nico ( CdSiO3) e o plumbato de calcio ortorrombico (CaPbO3), respectivamente. Estes materiais s ao genericamente denominados ABO3 e t?m sido especialmente investigados por exibirem propriedades ferroel?tricas, piezoel?tricas, diel?tricas, semicondutoras e supercondutoras. Apresentamos os nossos resultados via o m?todo ab initio dentro do formalismo da teoria do funcional densidade (DFT) nas aproxima??es GGAPBE e LDA-CAPZ. Depois da otimiza??o geom?trica encontramos, para as duas estruturas e nas duas aproxima??es, os par?metros de rede e os comparamos com os dados experimentais. Determinamos ainda os angulos de liga??o para os dois casos analizados. Logo ap?s a converg?ncia energ?tica, determinamos as estuturas de bandas, fundamentais para se conhecer a natureza do material, fun??es diel?tricas, absor?c?o?ptica, densidade parcial de estados e massas efetivas de el?trons e buracos
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Guajardo, Valdés Antonella Gianina. "Respuestas ecofisiológicas de plantas de Lithraea caustica (Mol.) Hook et Arn. sometidas a restricción hídrica controlada". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/151596.
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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero ForestalLitrhaea caustica (Litre) es un árbol endémico de Chile que normalmente crece en un clima mediterráneo. Este clima se caracteriza por veranos secos, cálidos y con alta radiación solar. Esta condición genera múltiples estreses sobre las plantas. L. caustica desarrolla diferentes respuesta ecofisiológicas que le permiten soportar períodos adversos. El ensayo se estableció en el vivero Antumapu de la Universidad de Chile, en la Región Metropolitana, en la zona central de Chile, bajo condiciones naturales de verano, entre diciembre y marzo. Se utilizaron 130 plantas de dos años. Las plantas se dividieron en tres tratamientos, plantas bien hidratadas (TC), las que se mantuvieron sobre el 83% de contenido hídrico de la maceta (%CHM), plantas regadas moderadamente (TM), alcanzando un 25% del %CHM y plantas con riego restringido (TS), llegando a un 18% del %CHM. Para analizar el estado hídrico de los individuos, se midió para diferentes %CHM el potencial hídrico (Ψa) y contenido hídrico relativo (%CHRa) foliar al alba. Además, las variables derivadas de las curvas de presión /volumen, como el potencial osmótico a cero turgor (π0) y plena turgencia (π100), el potencial de presión a plena turgencia (ΨP100), así como, el módulo de elasticidad (ε) y también el contenido hídrico relativo a cero turgor (%CHR0).
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RIECK, PETER WOLFGANG. "Fgf2 et cicatrisation de la cornee : etudes in vitro et in vivo (doctorat : biol. cell. mol.)". Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05W075.
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Hassen, Kedir, i Daniel Szucs. "Supply Chain Optimization in the Oil Industry : A Case Study of MOL Hungarian Oil and Gas PLC". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18500.
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Abstract Problem discussion: The significance of the oil industry’s impact on the global economy is obvious. Oil supply chain management has to solve a lot of challenges caused by the nature of the supply chain in the oil industry such as complexity, inflexible characteristics, long lead time, limited transportation forms at the different stages in the supply chain, rigid take or pay procurement and limited primary distribution capacity. Other challenges are caused by unforeseen events such as political or economic changes which have an impact on the price of the oil. This thesis seeks to add value by signifying and indicating optimization as a way to address uncertainties and points out a way to utilize resources efficiently in order to gain further development and cost savings in the long term. Finding options for optimization of the oil supply chain is vital because any cost saving means vast amounts of money for the oil companies therefore optimization is at the centre of attention in the oil supply chain management. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate supply chain management in the oil industry and find options for optimizing the supply chain in the oil industry by reviewing and analyzing previously written literature on the chosen topic for the research. Method: A single case study was applied in this thesis. The company chosen for the case study is called MOL Hungarian oil and gas PLC and is located in Hungary. To carry out the research, a qualitative research approach was implemented. Primary data was collected through semi structured interviews via telephone and the internet with the company’s staff. In addition to this, secondary data from different sources such as articles and books were used to construct or build the theoretical frame of reference for the thesis. Delimitation: The scope of the thesis is limited to the supply chain management in the oil industry and its optimization. Further narrowing the scope, this thesis gives more attention to the downstream section of the supply chain in the oil industry. Conclusion: Optimization is recognised as main tool for the oil companies to achieve competitive advantage. Analysing MOL Group gives a factual example how optimization works in an oil company and contributes to manage its supply chain efficiently and handle the many uncertainties surrounding the oil industry. It is demonstrated what factors play key role in optimization and how they interact with each other. MOL Group’s solution for optimization builds around a serious planning process, IT solution, marketing and refinery operation triggering and working in synergy with many other factors which cannot be excluded from the optimization process. Due to the excellence of supply chain optimization, MOL Group has a very strong presence and leading position in the East Central European region generating increasing profit margin year by year in last two decades.
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Pomar, Vela Gerardo Manuel. "Tuberización in vitro de Oxalis tuberosa Mol. "Oca" como una alternativa para la producción de tubérculo semilla". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1399.
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Se desarrolló un protocolo adecuado para la obtención de tubérculos in-vitro de Oxalis tuberosa "oca". Las plantas estuvieron inicialmente en el medio de Micropropagación M-10 (Medio básico MS suplementado con vitaminas, myo-inositol, pantetonato de calcio, AG3, ANA y BAP). Después de 5 a 6 semanas se les sustituyó por medios inductores de la tuberización (Medio básico White y Medio básico White-diluido 13 veces suplementados con 8% de sucrosa, vitaminas, myo-inositol y diferentes concentraciones de BAP y CCC) y se incubaron en oscuridad. También se trabajó cortando las puntas al momento de inducir la tuberización. Las diferentes accesiones de Oxalis tuberosa tuvieron comportamientos diferentes ante un mismo medio de cultivo, pudiendo sin embargo encontrarse una tuberización mas uniforme entre 0.1 y 0.25 ppm de BAP suplementados con 200 ppm de CCC pudiendo estar el medio White diluido o no dependiendo de la accesión. Finalmente el corte de puntas resultó ser un buen sistema mecánico para la inducción de la tuberización por permitir un mayor número y peso en los tubérculos.An adequate protocol was developed to obtain in vitro microtubers of Oxalis tuberosa "oca". At first the plantlets were grown in the micropopagation medium M-10 (MS medium containing vitamins, myo-inositol, pantothenic acid, GA, NAA and BAP). After 5 – 6 weeks the propagation medium was changed by the tuber induction media tested (White medium and 13 times diluted White medium containing both 8 % sucrose, vitamins, myo-inositol and several concentrations of BAP and CCC) and maintained in continuous darkness. It was also tested tuberization response when the apical buds were cutted. Different accessions of Oxalis tuberosa have had different behaviors for the same culture medium. The more uniform response was found in the medium containning BAP between 0.1 and 0.25 ppm supplied with CCC 200 ppm. Depending on the accession The White basic medium can be diluted or not. Finally, the buds excision resulted a good mechanic system to induce the tuberization, giving us higher weight and number of microtubers.
Tesis
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Trevisol, Wolmar. "Morfologia e fenologia do porongo: produtividade e qualidade da cuia". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-23082013-160458/.
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A cultura do porongo ou cabaça [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl] é importante para a agricultura familiar em várias regiões do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, porque sua rentabilidade, que viabiliza a pequena propriedade, e propicia empregos no campo, no processamento e na comercialização da cuia e artesanatos derivados. A pesquisa foi realizada com a finalidade de estudar a morfologia, fenologia e biologia floral do porongueiro, como base para outras pesquisas, e, também, para subsidiar o manejo da cultura. No experimento sobre densidade de plantas (6.666, 3.333, 2.222 e 1.666 plantas ha-1) avaliou-se a produtividade e a qualidade da cuia, assim como realizou os estudos sobre a fenologia e morfologia. A biologia floral foi estudada em casa de vegetação. Identificou as fases fenológicas e a duração das mesmas em graus-dia acumulados. A relação área foliar por fruto foi muito alta, e a taxa de fecundação baixa; e a cor pardo-escura do pedicelo do fruto serviu como indicador do ponto de colheita. A polinização das flores dependeu de agente biótico. A produtividade aumentou com a densidade de plantas, sem, no entanto, ficar estabelecido a população máxima. Os atributos morfológicos de qualidade da cuia não variaram com a densidade de plantas, no intervalo da pesquisa.The cultivation of the bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl] is an important crop for the familiar farming of several regions of Rio Grande does Sul, states Brazil. Due to profitability enables the small property, and also provides jobs in the field, in the processing and marketing of the gourd and derivative handicrafts. The research was conducted in order to study the morphology, phenology and floral biology of the bottle gourd plant, as a basis for further researches, and also to subsidize the crop management. The experiment of the plants density (6.666, 3.333, 2.222 and 1.666 plants ha-1), in which was evaluated productivity and the quality of the gourd, as well as studies conducted on the phenology and morphology. The floral biology was studied in a greenhouse. Identified phenological phases and the duration of the same in degree-days. The relative leaf area per fruit was very high, and low fertilization rate, and the dark-brown color of the fruit pedicel served as an indicator of harvest time. The pollination of flowers depended on biotic agent. The productivity of the gourd increased with the density of the plants, without establishing the maximum population. The morphological attributes of quality of the gourd did not varied with the plants density, in the interval of the research.