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Blervaque, Hubert. "Règles de modélisation des systèmes énergétiques dans les bâtiments basse consommation". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0032/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe decrease of heat demands in low energy buildings requires to examine again modeling approaches in building energy simulation tools. The developed approach is based on a more accurate modeling of physical phenomena including the closed loop control between the HVAC system and the building. From the identification of the phenomena that specifically impact the energy behavior of the low energy buildings, some recommendation, or modeling rule, are established for the development of their HVAC systems. Those recommendations are applied in two case studies. Firstly, a dynamic simulation of a building and its system offers a better evaluation of the design power for a low energy building, affecting power demands and energy consumption. Then, a sensitivity analysis from Morris method on a generic representation of the HVAC system identifies the parameters to be accurately known. The difference between the developed approach and an hourly simulation with an ideal control is low for the evaluation of the heat load in an existing building but it is more than 20% in a low energy buildings. A difference of the same order of magnitude can be identified in the determination of the overall energy performance of the system by a more detailed consideration of the phenomena of cycling, the part load or the consumption of auxiliaries
Tsuanyo, David. "Approches technico-économiques d’optimisation des systèmes énergétiques décentralisés". Thesis, Perpignan, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PERP0017/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe development of renewable and / or conventional energy systems for power supply to decentralized areas faces many technical, institutional, socio-cultural and financial barriers. The solution recommended in this thesis is to look for approaches to design sustainable and cost-effective systems for the development of rural electrification by the private sector. An analysis of various economic criteria allows first to define several types of equivalence inter-linking them: equivalence for investment decision, equivalence for the optimal sizing and equivalence for ranking technical solutions. This first study shows that the three economic criteria usually used (levelized cost of energy, internal rate of return and discounted payback period) lead to different optimal technical solutions. A techno-economic model is then developed for off-grid batteryless PV/Diesel hybrid systems. An application to 2iE-K1 campus (Ouagadougou) has been done to validate the compliance of models compared to HOMER software. It shows that the maximum internal rate of return criteria or minimum discounted payback period criteria reduces the initial investment and the amount of the maximum debt. Several optimal solutions are then obtained, depending on economic criteria under consideration. The electrification of the rural community of Bilgo has been chosen for a real case study. The work carried out, through this thesis, could be classified in the category of optimal design and techno-economic optimization tools for off-grid energy production systems
Mouhammad, Al Anfaf Mohamed Mladjao. "Contribution à la modélisation et à l’optimisation de systèmes énergétiques multi-sources et multi-charges". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0127/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaGlobal energy demand continues to rise. The fossil fuel prices are unstable and uncertain. The liberalization of the electricity market and environmental awareness of the global leaders are levers for the development of renewable energy. These are growing at a rapid pace in the world. They reached technical maturity that enables them to become an important segment of the energy industry. Their integration in the energy mix poses new challenges compared to traditional energy sources. With an underexploited potential, photovoltaic and wind energy are advantageous economically and environmentally. However, their intermittent decreases their energy efficiency when operated. The use of hybrid systems (multi-sources) combining these renewable energy sources, the national distribution network (historical grid) and conventional storage systems, is generally regarded by all as a future solution, both efficient and reliable. Thereby, it is necessary to rethink the structure of electrical networks and energy markets, and changes in network management methods. In this context, the foreseen intake with this thesis is to contribute to the modeling and optimization of multi- load multi- source systems to power both remote sites “closeness energy” (campus, village) and large sites such as French regions through their interconnection "pooling ". Different scenarios of management and different configurations of the systems are modeled, tested and compared to analyze the effectiveness and robustness of each case. A complete technical and economic analysis is performed in order to study the feasibility of each system. To demonstrate the validation of these models, studies were performed on a French university campus, a Micro-grid in Mali and three French regions. These latter have been applied to an original interconnection model based on Petri nets for decision support in terms of network configuration and control of energy flows exchanged between interconnected producers/consumers territories without storage
Jabbour, Joseph. "Matériaux organiques pour la fabrication d'échangeurs pour des systèmes énergétiques éco-efficients : élaboration et modélisation". Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MTLD0001.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe originality of this study consists in the analysis and the manufacturing of finned-tube heat exchangers (with extension surface) based on filed polymers, compact with high performances. This multidisciplinary project contains a numerical and experimental study on the thermomechanical properties of filed polymers and is interest in the numerical and experimental analysis of polymer finned-tube heat exchangers. Indeed, it aims mainly to : (i) develop filled polymer systems with improved thermal conductivity. (ii) Study of new architectures and configurations of heat exchanger using filed polymers.The first point is reached by a numerical study, elaboration and experimental characterizations of polymer/filler formulations showing interesting thermal conductivity.The second point is treated by an optimization of the geometric parameters of classic tube-fin heat exchanger configurations by numerical simulations. A first study carried out a single row of tube shows the effect of geometric and thermos-physical parameters on thermos-aeraulic performances of a tube-fin heat exchanger made of filed polymer material. A second part is devoted to the study of several configurations of multi-tubular heat exchangers with several rows of tubes defined from the results of the previous stage. The thermo-aeraulic performances of these configurations are favorably compared with those of traditional metal heat exchangers.The last part confirms the processability of this type of heat exchangers by the construction of prototypes with traditional techniques (injection and extrusion) or modern (additive manufacturing) methods to determine the advantages and disadvantages of each one
Nadal, Amélia. "Influence des incertitudes sur l'optimisation technico-économique de systèmes énergétiques hybrides". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT107.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe environmental challenges and concerns about energy independence require imagining an evolution of our centralized energy production exploiting fossil resources towards a decentralized model, using the renewable resources and their synergies. The consequent choices and investments are made in an uncertain technical-economic context. The thesis accounts for uncertainties in the robust design of hybrid energy systems, in order to improve this decision-making. The considered uncertainties are technical and economic parameters of the system components and the time variable profiles that are needed for the system simulation, like energy consumption, weather or market conditions.Two approaches are proposed and tested on an illustrative case, modeled, simulated and evaluated with the software Odyssey (developed in CEA). This case represents a remote micro-grid, composed of an electrical load, a photovoltaic production and a hybrid storage, battery and hydrogen chain (electrolyser, storage and fuel cell). The software Odyssey is interfaced with the uncertainty treatment platform Uranie, which is also developed by the CEA. The first approach, sensitivity analysis approach, aims to quantify the impact of uncertainties on the performance indicators of the system, for a specific design, thanks to uncertainty propagation. In the illustrative case study, the performance indicators are the load satisfaction and the cost of the produced energy. The approach also permits, thanks to global sensitivity analysis to identify the most influential uncertainties on the variability of the performance indicators of the system. This permits to focus on the priorities in the understanding of a system, in order to improve its robustness. One of the challenges of this approach is the simultaneous consideration of the uncertainties linked to static parameters and time variables to take into account their aleatory and epistemic nature.The complementary proposed approach is the multi-objective stochastic optimization. It consists in optimizing the energy system taking into account the uncertainties directly in the optimization process. This approach was realized with the definition of an optimization criterion including performance and variability of the performance. It enables a more robust design, without reducing the uncertainty of the input parameters. The optimization of the fixed parameters of the logical control rules in Odyssey is an other way to improve the system performances towards uncertainties.These two approaches bring complementary points of view of the uncertainty impact in the technical-economic optimization of hybrid energy systems and its possible treatment. Their application leads to develop some take-away. First, accounting for uncertainties seems unavoidable to us in the evaluation of hybrid energy systems. What’s more, the rigorous quantification of uncertainty sources is a central step in the uncertainty consideration, whatever the applied approach. Last, this work proposes a set of methods, from the simplest and quickest to the most expensive in computational resources, permitting to the user to evaluate the technical-economic implications of the taking into account for the uncertainties and their impact on the decision-making
Dagdougui, Hanane. "Système d'aide à la décision pour la durabilité des systèmes énergétiques renouvelables et des infrastructures d'hydrogène : modélisation, contrôle et analyse de risques". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00679421.
Pełny tekst źródłaDevaux, Cédric. "Modélisation du comportement vibratoire des structures par des méthodes énergétiques : formulation moyennée spatialement pour des systèmes unidimensionnels". Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00132382.
Pełny tekst źródłaDans un premier temps, le concept de superposition quadratique est présenté : si les variables linéaires telles que le déplacement associé à l'onde sont la somme de n composantes différentes, toute variable quadratique telle que l'intensité ou les densités d'énergie peut être présentée sous la forme de n² termes différents.
Ceci est illustré notamment dans le cas bidimensionnel de la superposition de deux ondes planes.
Dans un second temps, le cas unidimensionnel de deux ondes planes contre-propagatives est étudié car il fournit les variations des champs énergétiques à deux échelles bien distinctes.
A petite échelle, les variations des champs énergétiques représentent la
structure locale des interférences définies par un nombre d'onde purement réel.
A grande échelle, les variations des champs énergétiques représentent les transferts énergétiques globaux dus à la dissipation et définies par un nombre d'onde purement imaginaire.
La partie suivante est quant à elle consacrée aux vibrations de plaques.
Différents types d'ondes sont considérés: ondes quasi-longitudinales, ondes de cisaillement et ondes de flexion.
Dans les cas unidimensionnels (plaques semi-infinies), l'analyse pour les ondes quasi-longitudinales et les ondes de cisaillement s'avère similaire à celle présentée précédemment. En revanche le cas des ondes de flexion s'avère plus compliqué en raison de la présence de composantes évanescentes dans le champ de déplacement, lesquelles multiplient d'autant le nombre de composantes des variables énergétiques.
Une formulation quadratique équivalente à celle en déplacement a néanmoins pu être obtenue pour les ondes de flexion unidimensionnelles.
Enfin la dernière partie montre tout d'abord comment une formulation quadratique moyenne peut être développée dans le cas d'ondes planes unidimensionnelles, l'opération de moyennage permettant de s'affranchir des composantes à petite échelle spatiale des variables quadratiques pseudo-périodiques.
Une équation différentielle est obtenue pour l'intensité complexe, les densités d'énergie pouvant être tirées de cette variable.
Les conditions limites énergétiques tenant compte des composantes active et réactive de l'intensité sont ensuite calculées, pour des jonctions passives ou actives. Les cas de jonctions passives font intervenir des conditions mixtes analogues aux conditions d'impédance d'une formulation en déplacement.
Le cas des jonctions actives fait quant à lui intervenir non seulement des impédances mais également la densité de puissance injectée dans la discontinuité d'intensité moyennée. Cette formulation quadratique moyenne peut alors être appliquée au domaine des moyennes fréquences.
Tratkanov, Dimitri. "Méthodes géométriques et énergétiques pour la modélisation et la simulation des systèmes multi-physiques en génie électrique". Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COMP2562.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis PhD thesis deals with modeling and computational methods for the design of multi-physical devices in the context of Model-Based System Engineering (MBSE). The proposed methods are based on geometric and topological tools (differential and algebraic topology) as well as duality theory (energetic and differential forms) and advanced discretization and meshing techniques (Delaunay- Voroinoi mesh and computer graphics tools). Analogies so useful in multi-physics modeling are widely used in this work through Tonti's perspective and diagrams. Several standard approaches to engineering modelling are extended and complemented by machine learning and clustering algorithms to provide innovative methods for modeling, simulation and model order reduction. The main contribution of this work concerns a new concept of automated generation of lumped parameter (LP) models from field computations. The results of the field calculations are obtained with a cochain method inspired by the Discrete External Calculus and the Tonti's Cell-Method. This thesis proposes an original approach which generates a LP model and applies at the same time a model order reduction. The two objectives, the automatic generation of the LP model and the model reduction, are based on a topological analysis of the physical problem and Artificial Intelligence clustering algorithms. The final objective of this work is to propose a multi-scale model that can simplify the modeling and simulation of multi-physical devices. This multi-scale model should be suitable for both: solution analysis (computation of fields with the cochain model) and design, optimization, control synthesis (computation of physical quantities in a network of components with the LP model). Field computations are illustrated on a weakly coupled multi-physical case: Electrokinetic, then thermal, and finally mechanical field are computed. Model order reduction and automatic LP generation are illustrated on a magnetostatic case (based on an electromagnetic device): the magnetic H and B fields are calculated using the cochain method, then a reduced reluctance network is automatically generated from the field results. In this example, the number of degrees of freedom is almost reduced by a factor of one hundred
Viot, Hugo. "Modélisation et instrumentation d'un bâtiment et de ses systèmes pour optimiser sa gestion énergétique". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0349/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe building sector is forced to reduce its energy consumption in a context of high energy prices and global warming. Proper control of building energy systems can be an important lever to move towards this goal. The main goal of this work is to obtain small size buildings models in order to use it in a controller to improve energy management. The inputs of these models are fed in real-time with available measurements on site. A demonstration building at the IUT Civil Engineering and Sustainable Construction of Bordeaux serves as experimental support for the project. This work consists of four parts. The first one is to make lightweight models based on the electrical analogy and state-space representation to describe the dynamics of the building on upcoming days. The second part concerns the instrumentation of the building because short measurement campaigns are carried out to identify the model parameter values to minimize the gap between model output and measurement. Some sensors are then used for energy management of the building; thus this work also raise the question of the minimum set of sensors. The third address the characterization of the systems used to control air temperature. For an optimal control logic we must be able to link the effect of the command on the interest variable (air temperature). The demonstration building includes two heating systems : floor heating system (FHS) and fan coil units (FC). A dual flow air handling unit (AHU) is used for air renewal. The last part concerns energy management with the use of a predictive controller boarding one of the identified models. This project intends to anticipate the control of long time response capacitive systems as floor heating through knowledge of future disturbances on a prediction horizon of a few hours (occupation, weather). A reactive control is ensured by the fan coil units. Predictive management is compared to more conventional management strategies in simulation and on-site with the demonstrator building. The originality of this work is to propose a method for the establishment of a full control loop (controller/sensor/actuator) and demonstrate an interest in the predictive management of long response time systems in the building sector
Le, Touz Nicolas. "Conception et étude d’infrastructures de transports à énergie positive : de la modélisation thermomécanique à l’optimisation de tels systèmes énergétiques". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0038/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the context of the energy transition, with the use of new energies as a priority, we propose to study the energy performance of solar hybrid roads. An exhaustive study of climatic conditions makes it possible to establish the energy gains and losses of these systems, then a numerical model is developed to couple thermal diffusion, hydraulic convection and radiative transfers by the finite element method with the possibility of state changes. This model is implemented in a Matlab core and applied to annual meteorological data for different cities to establish and map energy potential. An analysis of the results with regard to climate makes it possible to highlight a link between this potential and the notion of a unified degree day, adapted from the building's thermal energy, thus allowing the engineer to quickly estimate the energy potential based on climatic data. During winter operation, the objective is to prevent from black ice occurring on the roads. A temperature control strategy based on the adjoint state method is implemented. A climate analysis is again carried out to take humidity into account to determine heating needs. Other frost protection solutions, based on electric heating, were also modelled and subjected to these control strategies in order to highlight the possibility of significant energy savings. These control laws have beengeneralized to problems of property reconstruction in a background and an application combining this thermal approach with an electromagnetism-based approach is proposed
Moinard, Stéphane. "Modélisation et simulation d'une installation de climatisation au gaz naturel : mesures sur site et validation expérimentale : optimisation de grands systèmes énergétiques". Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120002.
Pełny tekst źródłaVechiu, Ionel. "Modélisation et analyse de l'intégration des énergies renouvelables dans un réseau autonome". Le Havre, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00179164.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn many of the remote areas, the diesel generator is the main source of power supply. The cost of grid extension is, and will probably continue to be, prohibitive and the fuel cost increases severely with the remoteness of the location. The combination of several energy sources (wind turbines, photovoltaic panels, small hydroelectric power plants etc. ) in a Hybrid Power System (HPS) can be very attractive for most of the remote areas, in terms of cost and availability. However, improvements of the design and operation of the HPS is still needed to allow this technology more competitive in remote areas. In this context, the work presented in this thesis gives a contribution to the behaviour analysis and the performances control of an HPS constituted by two renewable sources, a diesel generator and storage batteries. This kind of system is studied according to three aspects: sizing, maximizing the use of the renewable resource and power quality
Lazrak, Amine. "Caractérisation des performances énergétiques des systèmes thermiques innovants pour le bâtiment au travers d'essais de courte durée en régime dynamique". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAA031/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSolar thermal systems combined with a backup system such as a boiler, a heat pump or incorporating an absorption chiller, can play an important role in reducing buildings energy consumption for heating, cooling and hot water production needs. In this sense, characterizing the energy performance of thermal systems is crucial.Currently available methods of system characterization are either based on several separate physical tests of system components to be evaluated, which do not take into account the real interactions between them, or on physical models that can be complex and difficult to identify especially because systems nowadays are compact and prefabricated in the factory. Due to the lack of a reliable method to estimate the performance of solar thermal systems before their integration into buildings, their market faces a lot of impediment to be developed.In this context, it becomes essential to develop a generic methodology that can be applied to different types of systems which overcomes the difficulties encountered by the current ones.The proposed evaluation approach in this manuscript is composed of four main steps: determining a test sequence, testing the system in a semi-virtual test bench according to predetermined sequence, data acquisition and identifying an artificial neural network (ANN) of the system and finally the model simulation in order to estimate the system consumption in the desired boundary condition. Using a completely "black box" model of the whole system using the ANN makes the methodology totally "non-intrusive". No prior knowledge about the systems internal parameters (yields, thermal conductivities, regulation etc.) is necessary to apply the proposed approach.The methodology validation was performed through several numerical experiments for seven systems coming from three different typologies. During the validation process, ANN estimates were compared with calculations of physical models in several different conditions (quality of building, climate and collector area). The developed approach was applied to five real systems as well. The application results allowed the confirmation of the methodology relevance
Funk, Catherine Irène. "Modélisation mathématique du système de phosphates à haute énergie au cours des échanges énergétiques de la cellule musculaire". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL067N.
Pełny tekst źródłaWang, Yunxin. "Stratégie de modélisation des systèmes de valorisation énergétique : Application aux machines ORC et à absorption". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI068.
Pełny tekst źródłaEnergy consumption in industry is increasing today, with the amplification of industrial activities in the world. At the same time, the scarcity of primary energy and global warming are insist the use of alternative technologies and energies, in order to sustainably develop, and to satisfy the increase in consumption. Thus, improving energy use in industry is also becoming an important topic to be developed and studied. In some industrial sites, the waste heats are enormously released into the environment without any energy treatment. Its temperatures are sometimes, much higher than the ambient. The valorization of these heats is advised, by using the valorization systems, for the production of hot, cold and electricity. This treatment can significantly reduce the energy waste and improve energy efficiency in the industry. For this reason, several projects are being launched. The aim of the VALENTHIN project is to improve industrial energy efficiency by valorizing waste heat or by developing industrial processes. This thesis concentrates on the studies of valorization systems, particularly with regard to the different modeling methods. In this report, the bibliographies are synthesized, on the different models used for the valorization systems, especially the absorption system and the organic Rankine cycle mentioned in this project. Consequently, a modeling strategy is proposed and is shown for steady state simulations and dynamic regime systems. The choice of types of modeling must take into account their advantages and disadvantages and also the needs of the users, with the aim of modeling and developing systems more easily and efficiently
Balland, Laurent. "Contribution à l'estimation des paramètres cinétiques et énergétiques de systèmes chimiques en milieux homogène et hétérogène dans un réacteur calorimétrique". Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES054.
Pełny tekst źródłaAgbli, Kréhi Serge. "Modélisation multiphysique des flux énergétiques d'un couplage photovoltaïque-électrolyseur PEM-pile à combustible PEM en vue d'une application stationnaire". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767882.
Pełny tekst źródłaAgbli, Kréhi Serge. "Modélisation multiphysique des flux énergétiques d’un couplage photovoltaïque-électrolyseur PEM-pile à combustible PEM en vue d’une application stationnaire". Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA2001/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaA stand alone multi-source system based on the coupling of photovoltaic energy and both a PEM electrolyser and a PEMFC for stationary application is studied. The system gathers photovoltaic array as main energy source, ultracapacitors and batteries packs in order to smooth respectively fast and medium dynamic by supplying the load or by absorbing photovoltaic source overproduction. Because of the necessity of fuel availability, especially for islanding application like this one, a PEM electrolyser is integrated to the system for in situ hydrogen production.The main purpose being modeling and management of the power flows in order to meet the energy requirement without power cut, a graphical modeling tool namely Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) is used because of its analysis and control strengths. Thanks to the modular feature of the EMR, the different models of each energetic entity of the system are performed before their assembling.By using scale effect, the energetic system sizing is performed according to a household power profile. Then, by the help of the multi-level representation, the maximal control structure (MCS) is deduced from the system EMR model. The electrical reference values of the MCS are generated by applying the power balancing method involving the own dynamic of each source into the energy management strategy. Different behavior modes are taken into account. By considering an irradiance profile for one day, the system is simulated highlighting its suitable behaviour. Moreover, the relevance of the introduced coupling between fuzzy logic controller and the power balancing method is pointed out
Lossec, Marianne. "Systèmes multisources de récupération d'énergie dans l'environnement humain : modélisation et optimisation du dimensionnement". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00618233.
Pełny tekst źródłaAllègre, Anne-Laure. "Méthodologies de modélisation et de gestion de l’énergie de systèmes de stockage mixtes pour véhicules électriques et hybrides". Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10102/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaConventional vehicles are in a critical situation. The solutions Electric Vehicles (EV) and Hybrid Electric vehicle (HEV) need on-board electric energy storage. Generally, batteries are used, and lead some problems as: autonomy, lifetime, weight…The association of two complementary electric Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) could be a good device to ameliorate the on-board storage. The objective of the thesis aims to propose a methodology of study of electric EESs associations for EVs and HEVs in order to deduce model, control and sizing rules. General topology and Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) of mixed EVs are established. The general EMR allows a better analyse of the system and allows simulating all topologies with one program. The general topology allows testing different topologies on a same experimental bench. The EMR is extended to mixed vehicles using three EESs. The modelling methodology is in particular applied to two mixed EVs, and extended to a mixed HEV and a mixed VE using three electric ESSs. The used electric ESSs are constituted of batteries and supercapacitors. The control structures of each vehicle are built, validated in simulation and in experimentation using a reduced scale Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation or on a real vehicle. Different energy management strategies have been developed for the mixed electric car using batteries / supercapacitors. A study shows the influence of these strategies, in particular on the electric consumption of the batteries, their lifetime and their sizing. Some strategies have been validated experimentally on the real mixed electric microbus
Lorandel, Jordane. "Etude de la consommation énergétique de systèmes de communications numériques sans fil implantés sur cible FPGA". Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAR0036/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWireless communication systems are still evolving since the last decades, driven by the growing demand of the electronic market for energy efficient and high performance devices. Thereby, new design constraints have appeared that aim at taking into account power consumption in order to improve battery-life of circuits. Current wireless communication systems commonly dissipate a lot of power. On the other hand, the complexity of such systems keeps on increasing through the generations to always satisfy more users at a high degree of performance. In this highly constrained context, FPGA devices seem to be an attractive technology, able to support complex systems thanks to their important number of resources. According to the FPGA nature, designers need to estimate the power consumption and the performance of their wireless communication systems as soon as possible in the design flow. In this way, they will be able to perform efficient design space exploration and make decisive implementation and optimization choices. Throughout this thesis, a power estimation methodology for hardware-focused FPGA device is described and aims at making design space exploration a lot easier, providing early and fast power and performance estimation at high-level. It also proposes an efficient way to efficiently compare several systems. The methodology is effective through an lP characterisation step and the development of their SystemC models. Then, a high level description of the entire system is realized from the SystemC models that have been previously developed. High-level simulations enable to check the functionality and evaluate the power and performance of the system. One of the contributions consists in monitoring the JP time-activities during the simulation. We show that this has an important impact on both power and performances. The effectiveness of the methodology has been demonstrated throughout several baseband processing chains of the wireless communication domain such as a SISO-OFDM generic chain, LTE transmitters etc. To conclude, the main limitations of the proposed methodology have been investigated and addressed
Terzibachian, Elie. "Modélisation dynamique d’un dispositif de stockage par chaleur sensible intégré à un système énergétique". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1129.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn recent years, policies to promote energy efficiency have been introduced in response to European and International regulatory obligations. Thermal Energy Storage has proven to be a technology that improves energy efficiency, particularly for the air conditioning, heating and domestic hot water utilities in buildings. Among the existing types, sensible heat storage is the oldest and most widespread on the market. The integration of the storage tank into energy installations may be tricky in both the design and operation phases of these installations. Moreover, the annual (or seasonal) energy consumption of the building's technical systems and equipment should be evaluated. To meet all these requirements, dynamic modeling and simulation of energy components and systems becomes essential. The work of this thesis presents a dynamic modeling and simulation approach of a sensible heat water storage tank which respond to the following particular constraints: To ensure a fine modeling based on the resolution of the Navier-Stokes equations of a component – the storage tank – in which the flow and transfer mechanisms are complex, and to carry out a dynamic modeling and simulation, with reasonable computational time, of a thermal energy system associating various technical components of a circuit and compatible with the usual practices of the specialized system design offices. Thus, the carried out work combines a detailed analysis of the dynamic behavior of the storage tank through the development of a CFD model, the development of a reduced model from the previous CFD model that allows the construction of temperature dynamic fields and finally a Modelica modeling adapted to the simulation of a complex energy system. In the different phases of this study, the results from the simulation are compared to the results deduced from various experimental works. The validation of the approach following this comparison between calculations and experimental results makes it possible to consider the application, of the presented tools, in technical projects and in particular the project “PV cooling” for buildings air conditioning with a photovoltaic solar resource, a project that is carried out in parallel with this thesis by the industrial players supporting this research
Tourreilles, Céline. "Qualification énergétique et sanitaire des systèmes d'épuration intégrés aux réseaux de ventilation". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS012/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIndoor air quality in low-energy buildings has become these recent years an important topic with the rigorous performance expectations in terms of envelope airtightness and energy consumption set by the RT2012 thermal building code. One possible solution to conciliate indoor air quality and energy performance is to integrate air-cleaning systems in the building ventilation system. Because of the lack of scientific results regarding the suitability of those systems to solve this problematic, an investigation using numerical simulation has been conducted in the present work. This choice led to the development of a numerical tool that resolves in a coupled way, the heat and mass transfers, considering a multi-pollutant representation at the scale of the building/rooms. This tool was developed in the Dymola environment, using the Modelica programming language. Several experiments were also performed in the present work to acquire complementary data about the sorption of gaseous pollutants by indoor covering materials and about the cleaning effectiveness and energy consumption of six air-cleaning systems. To illustrate the capabilities of the numerical tool, simulations have been performed for an office building zone. The building has been located in two climatic zones and submitted to two levels of outdoor pollution, for a whole year. Three of the tested solutions that have shown the best air-cleaning performances in the experimental phase have been simulated under various operating conditions. Two cases of higher amount of fresh air, i.e. without any air-cleaning system, have been also included to the study. One index has then been defined to compare the performance of the different solutions considering both the exposure reduction to eight pollutants and the induced energy consumption. The results obtained in the present study confirm the adequacy of the proposed methodology. In particular, the importance of evaluating the solutions in their real context and not simply relying on their intrinsic performances to judge their performances when applied to indoor environments has been demonstrated. Another important issue is the need to conduct experimental characterizations of sorption processes and air-cleaning system under environmental conditions representative of real indoor spaces, i.e. low pollutant concentration and adequate air temperature, humidity and velocity. Future developments needed to improve the capabilities of the numerical tool are presented in conclusion as well as some important issues that would need a careful attention for further works in the domain
Lacroix, Elie. "Les choix énergétiques dans les trajectoires de vie : modélisations et simulations selon différents scénarios". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED052/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe topic of fuel poverty has generated an increasing interest in the economic, political and social spheres. This economics thesis examines the measurement and analysis of the interactions between three fundamental indicators of forced household expenses in terms of health, housing, and energy to identify the relevant factors needed for the implementation of actions that address and prevent fuel poverty. This paper presents an original theoretical and analytical study that investigates this phenomenon first in terms of equity, highlighting the existence of disparities and justifying the implementation of additional potentially new measures that promote greater equity in the allocation of energy among individuals. Furthermore, the study characterizes the dynamics of this phenomenon, providing invaluable information on the types of measures (e.g., social tariffs for energy, innovative models of payment for energy, housing renovation assistance) that could be implemented to prevent fuel poverty and thus address the underlying objectives of equity. The thesis then presents an analysis of the consequences of energy vulnerability on dimensions other than those directly referring to energy (i.e., health), raising political decision-makers’ awareness of the multidimensional and broad effects of fuel poverty on other dimensions of social vulnerability. Fuel poverty is a factor that contributes to the worsening of other disparities (i.e., health disparities), compromising public decision-makers’ pursuit of the objective of equity. Finally, the analysis of new innovative methods of payment that provide energy (i.e., prepayment) with fewer costs indicated that prepayment is a tool that could contribute to the respective goals of horizontal and vertical equity
Noureddine, Adel. "Vers une meilleure compréhension de la consommation énergétique des systèmes logiciels". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961346.
Pełny tekst źródłaAfanga, Khalid. "Modélisation systémique des filières sidérurgiques en vue de leur optimisation énergétique et environnementale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/prive/DDOC_T_2014_0268_AFANGA.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research study deals with mathematical modeling of the main steelmaking processes following a systems approach. The objective was to build a modeling tool of the whole steelmaking route devoted to its energetic and environmental optimization. We developed physical-chemical models for the blast furnace, the coke oven, the sintering plant and the basic oxygen furnace. These models were then linked together in a single flow sheet using the ASPEN Plus software. First, we focused on the top gas recycling blast furnace, a novel variant of the blast furnace in which the top gas is recycled and re-injected into the tuyeres after CO2 removal and capture. We tested both a reinjection at one level (tuyeres only) and at two levels (tuyeres and shaft). The results were successfully compared with experimental data from a pilot reactor and demonstrate that recycling can lower the blast furnace CO2 emissions by more than 20%. Recycling at two levels does not seem more efficient than at a single level. Second, we simulated the operation of an entire integrated steelmaking plant. Different configurations were tested, using a conventional blast furnace or a top gas recycling blast furnace, considering a possible recycling of the converter slag to the sintering plant, and studying the influence of Si content in the hot metal on the entire steelmaking plant operation. We show that it is possible to reduce the cost of producing steel by substituting and recycling various by-products
Boyer, Baptiste. "Optimisation des ressources dans un système énergétique complexe au moyen de modèles fonctionnels". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG033.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn order to face the increasing complexity of the developed systems, this thesis proposes a multi-view methodological approach allowing to accompany the stages of the development cycle of complex systems, including multi-energy systems, from their design to their real time control. A level of arbitration between the different missions of the system is also introduced and enables to test several strategies. This level is illustrated in the case of the electric vehicle with arbitrations between autonomy, vehicle speed and passenger comfort. Functional modeling, on which this work focuses, is the cornerstone of the methodology. This describes in a modular way and through the use of just necessary mathematical models and energy links the behavior of the elements of the system and their interactions. In order to take into account the dynamic response of the elements, their constraints and disturbances, some predictive control algorithms ``PFC'' are developed and implemented within the functional elements. These algorithms are also used to introduce an optimization problem to manage the resources allocation process in a multiple source system. These concepts are applied to the control of a wind farm coupled with a storage unit, taking into account congestion constraints on the electric grid. Finally, the adaptation of this methodology to the optimization of multi-energy systems raises new issues, including the coupling between several energy fields, the consideration of discrete manipulable variables and a conflict between the need for both a high prediction horizon and a fine temporal resolution. To address this issue, the functional model is coupled to two higher levels of optimization that allow to determine respectively the optimal system architecture and the source commitment schedule. This approach is validated on the design and the control of a multi-energy urban network in the town of Bolbec
Dumortier, Charles. "Amélioration de la performance énergétique des bateaux civils et militaires". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0085.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn its race against global warming, humankind starts to develop alternative mobility solution.However, replacing conventional thermal engine in all their uses, maintaining at least the sameperformances, takes time. So in order to efficiently fight against CO2 and other pollution emission itis necessary to use another lever. Improving the systems’ energy efficiency is yet little developed inmarine ships and helps transitioning toward carbon neutral mobility solutions. In order to pinpointthe matters to act on, a studying methodology and analysis tools are developed in this thesis. Thegoal is to assist boat designers as soon as the project starts, by speeding up and easing the design of the boat main systems. For “small size” ships, the design phase is extremely short. This forces the use of sharp and fast designing tools. This phase is the first level of improvement and should be taken with care. The second level consists of making a systemic approach of the boat, to achieve efficient driving laws. In other words, physical models from different systems are created and regrouped on a same modelling tool to observe their simultaneous operations. The more systems the more efficientthis complex analysis becomes.The general approach and some tools are not specific to a boat type and can even be appropriate outside the marine field
Baysset, Guillaume. "Modélisation et simulation thermique de différentes architectures de chaine de traction d'un véhicule hybride". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0022.
Pełny tekst źródłaTo reduce CO2 and pollutant emissions, automotive manufacturers tend to turn increasingly towards electrified powertrains solutions, such as Hybrid Vehicles (HEV). Model Based System engineering (MBSE) and computational tools are useful to support the development of HEV systems. Global optimization needs to investigate the following system design level: architecture, component and control. The aim of this thesis is to develop a global optimization framework to design cooling system for hybrid vehicles. The methodology starts from a set of component and system requirements to automatically generate all possible system architectures. The generation of solution is based on a concept of decision tree. An energentical optimisation under hydraulic, thermal and integration cosntraitns is done on each solution generated. Finally, amulticritetria optimization is used as decision making tool to support engineers on system archtiecture choices early in the development process. This framework has been applied on a Renault project. Results showed that the system is highly dependent on its requirements. Changing system requirements can potentially modify the optimal system architecture regarding the system specifications
Zine, Elabidine Khouloud. "Méthode de prototypage virtuel permettant l'évaluation précoce de la consommation énergétique dans les systèmes intégrés sur puce". Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066669/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaTechnological trends towards high-level integration combined with the increasing operating frequencies, made embedded systems design become more and more complex.The increase in number of computing resources in integrated circuit (IC) led toover-constrained systems.In fact, SoC (System on Chip) designers must reduce overall system costs, including board space, power consumption and development time.Although many researches have developed methodologies to deal with the emerging requirements of IC design, few of these focused on the power consumption constraint.While the highest accuracy is achieved at the lowest level, estimation time increases significantly when we move down to lower levels.Early power estimation is interesting since it allows to widely explore the architectural design space during the system level partitioning and to early adjust architectural design choices.EDPE estimates power consumption at the system levels and especially CABA (Cycle Accurate Bit Accurate) and TLM (Transaction Level Modelling) levels.The EDPE have been integrated into SoCLib library.The main goal of EDPE (Early Design Power Estimation) is to compare the power consumption of different design partitioning alternatives and chooses the best trade-off power/ performance.Experimental results show that EDPE (Early Design Power Estimation) method provides fast, yet accurate, early power estimation for MPSoCs (MultiprocessorSystem on Chip).EDPE uses few parameters per hardware components and is based on homogeneous and easy characterization method.EDPE is easily generalized to any virtual prototyping library
Bouchama, Amar. "Refroidissement en cascade par flash détente, étude expérimentale, modélisation par contraintes, et aides à la décision". Paris, ENSAM, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENAM0020.
Pełny tekst źródłaZine, Elabidine Khouloud. "Méthode de prototypage virtuel permettant l'évaluation précoce de la consommation énergétique dans les systèmes intégrés sur puce". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066669.
Pełny tekst źródłaTechnological trends towards high-level integration combined with the increasing operating frequencies, made embedded systems design become more and more complex.The increase in number of computing resources in integrated circuit (IC) led toover-constrained systems.In fact, SoC (System on Chip) designers must reduce overall system costs, including board space, power consumption and development time.Although many researches have developed methodologies to deal with the emerging requirements of IC design, few of these focused on the power consumption constraint.While the highest accuracy is achieved at the lowest level, estimation time increases significantly when we move down to lower levels.Early power estimation is interesting since it allows to widely explore the architectural design space during the system level partitioning and to early adjust architectural design choices.EDPE estimates power consumption at the system levels and especially CABA (Cycle Accurate Bit Accurate) and TLM (Transaction Level Modelling) levels.The EDPE have been integrated into SoCLib library.The main goal of EDPE (Early Design Power Estimation) is to compare the power consumption of different design partitioning alternatives and chooses the best trade-off power/ performance.Experimental results show that EDPE (Early Design Power Estimation) method provides fast, yet accurate, early power estimation for MPSoCs (MultiprocessorSystem on Chip).EDPE uses few parameters per hardware components and is based on homogeneous and easy characterization method.EDPE is easily generalized to any virtual prototyping library
Mkahl, Rania. "Contribution à la modélisation, au dimensionnement et à la gestion des flux énergétiques d’un système de recharge de véhicules électriques : étude de l’interconnexion avec le réseau électrique". Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BELF0264/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe strong dependence on oil and ecological and environmental constraints force many car manufacturers to develop new research programs for the promotion of electric vehicles (EVs) and associated infrastructures. The embedded batteries into the EVs can be charged by the electrical network or by another source of renewable energy. In this context, the work presented in this thesis aims to study a system of EVs charging using solar energy through photovoltaic panels. To do so, a sizing study of the system has been proposed in order to evaluate the energy needs for an EV and determine the quantity of required energy for its propel. The key elements of the system have been sized: photovoltaic panels, storage battery (Lead-acid) and traction battery (Li-ion). From this sizing study and considering the EV characteristics, we determined the energy quantity required for itspropel. With the aim to study the behavior of each system component and analyze its adequacy with the charging process, a modeling study was conducted, and each element is represented by a mathematical model. The performed analysis and comparison of obtained results (simulation results and experimental results) allowed us to validate the developed models. In addition, this modeling study, allowed the validation of the choice of all components of charging system. In fact, the problem was formalized by a linear program with the aim to assign each EV to an adequate charging station. The assignment takes into account various constraints and characteristics of EVs, as well as those of charging stations, traffic conditions, interest points of drivers, etc. The proposed approach allowed to assign adequately and optimally EVs to charging stations while satisfying all constraints
Bensekrane, Ismail. "Towards an energy planning strategy for autonomous driving of an over-actuated road vehicle". Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I037/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis, an energy planning for over-actuated unmanned road vehicles (URVs) with redundant steering configuration is proposed. In fact, indicators on the road geometry, the redundancy of actuation, the optimal velocity profile and the driving mode are identified for each segment of the URV's trajectory. Thus, a power consumption estimation model of an over-actuated autonomous driving vehicle is developed. Two methods for power consumption modeling are considered. The first method is based on an analytic model of power consumption, taking into account the degree of steerability, degree of mobility and degree of actuation redundancy. The second method used for power consumption modeling based on data-learning qualitative method namely: Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The latter has been considered in case of the presence of unknown dynamic parameters of the URV and uncertainties about its interaction with the environment. Validation of the estimation of the power consumption has been applied of real autonomous vehicle called RobuCar. Energy planning strategy has been built using two approaches, discrete and continuous. The discrete approach depends on a construction of an energy digraph with all feasible configurations taking into account kinematic and dynamic constraints based on a 3D grid map setup, according to: velocity, arc-length, driving mode. In this weighted directed graph, the edges describe the consumed energy by the UAV along a segment of a trajectory. An optimization algorithm is applied on the digraph to get a global optimal solution combining driving mode, power consumption and velocity profile of the URV. The continuous approach is based on a multi-criteria optimization strategy using genetic algorithms (NSGA-II). Then a real road path is considered and modeled by using two smooth geometrical combinations: the first one is {lines, clothoids and arcs}, and the second one is {lines and Pythagorean Hodograph (PH) curves}. The energy planning strategy is then applied to the generated paths. Also, a directed graph is built to synthesis the optimal velocity profile that minimizes the overall energy consumption while accounting for all driving modes. Results are compared with those given by the dynamic programming method for global offline optimization
Gaaloul, Sana. "Interopérabilité basée sur les standards Modelica et composant logiciel pour la simulation énergétique des systèmes de bâtiment". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782540.
Pełny tekst źródłaFontaine, Nicolas. "Modélisation de système synthétique pour la production de biohydrogène". Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0016/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaHydrogen is a candidate for the next generation fuel with a high energy density and an environment friendly behavior in the energy production phase. Micro-organism based biological production of hydrogen currently suffers low hydrogen production yields because the living cells must sustain different cellular activities other than the hydrogen production to survive. To circumvent this, a team have designed a synthetic cell-free system by combining 13 different enzymes to synthesize hydrogen from cellobiose. This assembly has better yield than microorganism-based systems. We used methods based on differential equations calculations to investigate how the initial conditions and the kinetic parameters of the enzymes influenced the productivity of a such system and, through simulations, to identify those conditions that would optimize hydrogen production starting with cellobiose as substrate. Further, if the kinetic parameters of the component enzymes of such a system are not known, we showed how, using artificial neural network, it is possible to identify alternative models that allow to have an idea of the kinetics of hydrogen production. During our study on the system using cellobiose, other cell-free assemblies were engineered to produce hydrogen from different raw materials. Interested in the reconstruction of synthetic systems, we decided to conceive various tools to help the automation of the assembly and the modelling of these new synthetic networks. This work demonstrates how modeling can help in designing and characterizing cell-free systems in synthetic biology
Ben, Ameur Amal. "Approche de simulation transactionnelle pour la modélisation des performances et de l'énergie d'un système mémoire pour SoC hétérogènes". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4048.
Pełny tekst źródłaMobile devices, at each new release of the standards and following users’ continuous requests of new services, have to support more and more features, which are also becoming more and more demanding from the computational point of view. As a consequence, being able to fulfil new requirements and at the same time to provide power efficient chips is nowadays the most important challenge for mobile devices system designers. To tackle this challenge, novel system level performance and power modeling approaches have been proposed allowing hardware/software (HW/SW) architectures to be explored right at the very first steps of a System-on-Chip (SoC) design flow. However, existing solutions have limited support for the power optimization of the memory system (including SDRAM) that may occupy more than 70% of a chip area and consume more than 30% of the total energy. In our work, we propose a SystemC-TLM-based simulation framework at Electronic System Level (ESL), which is able to support the joint exploration of a SoC architecture and its memory configuration. This new framework helps in optimizing the SoC energy consumption while matching the required performance in terms of power and performance, as well as of memory bandwidth and latency
Attemene, N'guessan Stéphane. "Optimisation temps réel des flux énergétiques au sein d'un système multi-sources multi-charges basé sur les énergies d'origine renouvelable". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD044.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work is focused on the real-time optimal control of a stand-alone system consisting of a photovoltaic generator, a PEM fuel cell, an alkaline electrolyzer, a battery and supercapacitor pack for a stationary application. The coupling of these different sources aims to improve performance, the availability of the resulting electrical grid, the supply of electricity over much longer periods, and especially the satisfaction of the load by using each source in a controlled way.First, a thorough study of the feasibility of the system from a technical, energetic, economic and environmental point of view is carried out. As a result, an optimal sizing method is proposed. A sensitivity analysis to evaluate the influence of subsystems cost and the size respectively on the overall energy cost and the equivalent CO2 emitted by the system is also discussed. Then, a model enabling easy scaling of components to achieve the capacity required for the system is developped. The global model of the system is obtained by exploiting the modularity of the formalism used for modeling (the Energetic Macroscopic Representation). Finally, an energy management method based on Energy consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) is proposed. A comparative study of the results obtained by the ECMS and those obtained by dynamic programming has enabled the validation of the optimal control strategy developed
Druilhe, Rémi. "L'Efficience Énergétique des Services dans les Systèmes Répartis Hétérogènes et Dynamiques : Application à la Maison Numérique". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00915321.
Pełny tekst źródłaOuni, Bassem. "Caractérisation, modélisation et estimation de la consommation d'énergie à haut-niveau des OS embarqués". Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01059814.
Pełny tekst źródłaHuet, Dominique. "Mise en oeuvre, modélisation et comparaison de trois systèmes d'amplification de puissance sous vide utilisant des plasmas sous striction magnétique". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000943.
Pełny tekst źródłaBenouali, Jugurtha. "Etude et minimisation des consommations des systèmes de climatisation automobile". Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1107.
Pełny tekst źródłaSemassou, Guy Clarence. "Aide à la décision pour le choix de sites et systèmes énergetiques adaptés aux besoins du benin". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14450/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe analysis of the wind sites and the solar possibilities of Benin led the works towards the energy systems, of the autonomous photovoltaic type, coupled with batteries of storage. These appropriate energy systems were analyzed, modelled and optimized. The criteria of optimization arise from a survey realized in near the persons in charge who take care of questions of electrification in rural areas, of selected professionals who play a major role in the decision-making of the projects of electrification in rural areas, local associations which benefited from these projects in Benin, from technicians and from users of these systems. These criteria are organized into a hierarchy according to the method AMDEC. A method of adapted optimization was realized; she appeals to an original vision of level-headedness
Bidart, Damien. "Commande Coopérative des Systèmes Monoconvertisseurs Multimachines Synchrones". Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662181.
Pełny tekst źródłaAfanga, Khalid. "Modélisation systémique des filières sidérurgiques en vue de leur optimisation énergétique et environnementale". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0268/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research study deals with mathematical modeling of the main steelmaking processes following a systems approach. The objective was to build a modeling tool of the whole steelmaking route devoted to its energetic and environmental optimization. We developed physical-chemical models for the blast furnace, the coke oven, the sintering plant and the basic oxygen furnace. These models were then linked together in a single flow sheet using the ASPEN Plus software. First, we focused on the top gas recycling blast furnace, a novel variant of the blast furnace in which the top gas is recycled and re-injected into the tuyeres after CO2 removal and capture. We tested both a reinjection at one level (tuyeres only) and at two levels (tuyeres and shaft). The results were successfully compared with experimental data from a pilot reactor and demonstrate that recycling can lower the blast furnace CO2 emissions by more than 20%. Recycling at two levels does not seem more efficient than at a single level. Second, we simulated the operation of an entire integrated steelmaking plant. Different configurations were tested, using a conventional blast furnace or a top gas recycling blast furnace, considering a possible recycling of the converter slag to the sintering plant, and studying the influence of Si content in the hot metal on the entire steelmaking plant operation. We show that it is possible to reduce the cost of producing steel by substituting and recycling various by-products
Kashif, Ayesha. "Modélisation du comportement humain réactif et délibératif avec une approche multi-agent pour la gestion énergétique dans le bâtiment". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM030/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaEnergy consumption in buildings is affected by various factors including its physical characteristics, the appliances inside, and the outdoor environment, etc. However, inhabitants’ behaviour that determines the global energy consumption must not be forgotten. In most of the previous works and simulation tools, human behaviour is modelled as occupancy profiles. In this thesis the focus is more on detailed behaviour representation, particularly the cognitive, reactive, and deliberative mechanisms. The inhabitants’ dynamic behaviour is modelled and co-simulated together with the physical aspects of a building and an energy management system. The analysis of different household appliances has revealed that energy consumption patterns are highly associated with inhabitants’ behaviours. Data analysis of inhabitants’ actions and appliances’ consumptions is used to derive a model of inhabitants’ behaviour that impacts the energy consumption. This model represents the cognitive mechanisms that provide causes that motivate the actions, including the communication with other inhabitants. An approach based on multi-agent systems is developed along with a methodology for parameter tuning in the proposed behaviour model. These tools are used to co-simulate, not only the physical characteristics of the building, the reactive behaviour that is sensitive to physical data, and deliberative behaviour of the inhabitants, but also the building energy management system. The energy management system allows the direct adjustment of the building parameters or simply giving advice to the inhabitants. The impact of different types of inhabitants’ behaviours, with and without the inclusion of an energy management system is analyzed. This work opens new perspectives not only in the building simulation and in the validation of energy management systems but also in the representation of buildings in the smart grid where signals can be sent to end users advising them to modulate their consumption
Descieux, Damien. "Modélisations et comparaison thermo-énergétique de systèmes de cogénération". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10092.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objectives of this thesis relates to the energy management in the systems of production Combined of Heat and Power (CHP , cogeneration) fed by natural gas. Initially, after a state of the art of the coefficients of exchange and correlations of frictions, a model a zone with against-buckles ideal is carried out. A study of sensitivity releases a parameter of adjustment interesting for the cogeneration whose influence is revealed in a finer model with against-buckles improved (predictive), validated in experiments, which provided the electric and thermal production of the engine. A generic curve [ Efficiency; Power ] is highlighted, by each one of these models, it puts forward, through the number of revolutions of the engine, two optimal modes one of efficiency and one of power as well as an optimal operating range. In the second time one carries out a comparison of the principal systems of cogeneration: Internal combustion engines (ICE), Gas Turbines engine (GTE) and Fuel cells (FC) requiring a more analytical approach. The whole of these systems is modelled, with a preoccupation of a coherence, according to two principal constraints; the energy expenditure and the maximum temperature of the thermodynamic cycle corresponding. These models are able to envisage the production of Power (electric) and Heat and allow an energy, exergetic analysis and study of sensitivity to the principal parameters of design and adjustments. It will be noted that the ICE follow a general dual cycle with an unspecified distribution of combustions which the modelling of GTE presents three configurations of exchangers including two new and which the heating of the reagents is taken into account at the time of the modelling of FC
Perrillat-Mercerot, Angélique. "Modélisation et étude du métabolisme énergétique cérébral. Applications à l'imagerie des gliomes diffus de bas grade". Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2285/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaEverything that lives is born, eats, reproduces and dies. For the brain, the question is more complex because neurons have to survive and to support brain activity. Energy management is also particular because brain cells evolve together with no competition. Thanks to medical imaging, we know that neurons do not consume only glucose. They can use others energetic substrates such as lactate and glutamate as a power source.When a tumor appears, it changes the energetic metabolism to survive and support its own growth. In particular, cancer cells like to consume lactate. They also choose their favorite substrate based on the available oxygen. Modeling of energy substrates is useful to describe and predict energetic kinetics and changes. Mathematical models could get with clinical and medical results to describe, explain or predict low grade glioma dynamics. They can help to characterize and quantify a tumor evolution, then leading to improve their therapeutical management. Exchanges between mathematics and MRI (and MRS) enable to get accurate data and to build suitable mathematical models.This thesis deals with several approaches of substrates dynamics in healthy and gliomatous brains. These researches are based on systems of equations. We model local lactate exchanges (ODE, fast-slow systems), global substrates exchanges (ODE), glutamate/glutamine cycle (RDE) and local lactate exchanges in higher dimensions (PDE). We describe, analyze and give simulations of these models. Simulations are fitted on patient MRI data or literature data. Energy is necessary to live. But if your neighbor consumes a part of your resources, can you still survive ?
Tutto ciò che vive nasce, si nutre, si riproduce e muore. Per il cervello, la questione è più complessa perché i neuroni devono sopravvivere e sostenere l'attività cerebrale. La gestione energetica cerebrale è particolare anche perché le cellule cerebrali evolvono insieme, senza concorrenza. Inoltre, grazie alle immagini mediche, sappiamo che i neuroni non consumano solo del glucosio ma usano altri substrati energetici come il lattato o il glutammato.Quando un tumore si stabilisce, cambia il metabolismo energetico del cervello per sopravvivere e sostenere la propria crescita. In particolare, cellule tumorali consumano del lattato e scelgono il loro substrato preferito basandosi all'ossigeno disponibile.La matematica, e in particolare l'elaborazione di modelli matematici può aiutarci a ottimizzare i dati disponibili, che possono essere, di volta in volta, delle proprietà cellulare o delle lastre MRI o MRS. La modellizzazione dei substrati energetici potrebbe descrivere, spiegare o prevedere le dinamiche energetiche nel cervello.Questa tesi tratta di diversi approcci della dinamica dei substrati nei cervelli sani e gliomatosi. Queste ricerche si basano su sistemi di equazioni. Modellizziamo scambi locali di lattato (ODE, sistemi fast-slow), scambi globali di substrati (ODE), ciclo glutammato/glutammina (RDE) e scambi locali di lattato in dimensioni superiori (PDE). Descriviamo, analizziamo e diamo simulazioni di questi modelli. Le simulazioni sono adeguate su dati MRI paziente o dati di letteratura.Per vivere, l’energia è una necessità. Ma se i Suoi vicini consumassero le Sue risorse, riuscirebbe ancora a sopravvivere ?
Lesur, Claire. "Cultiver Miscanthus x giganteus en parcelles agricoles : du diagnostic agro-environnemental à la conception-évaluation ex ante de systèmes de culture à vocation énergétique". Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0084/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSecond-generation biofuels could provide renewable energy while reducing the globaleconomy dependence on oil and mitigating climate change. However, their greenhouse gasemission balances, as well as their energy and environmental balances, are discussed,especially when they are produced from agricultural feedstock. The use of agriculturalfeedstock for energy purposes also raises the issue of competition with food production. Inthis context, this work contributes to the assessment of the sustainability of Miscanthus xgiganteus, a perennial C4 crop candidate to the production of second-generation ethanol. Theobjectives of this work are (i) to achieve a multicriteria evaluation of cropping systems basedon M. Giganteus using data collected in farmers’ fields and (ii) to compare these croppingsystems with cropping systems including other resources Agricultural candidates for biofuelproduction. The main contributions of this work are (i) the study of the variability of yieldsand winter nitrate losses in a network of commercial fields located in Burgundy (France), (ii)the characterization by modeling of M. giganteus long-term yield evolution and (iii) theintegration of these findings in a process of cropping systems design and assessment aimingat comparing M. giganteus with other feedstock candidate to the production of bioethanol.The study of M. giganteus in farmers’ fields shows that the high variability of yields andnitrate losses is linked to (i) crop age, (ii) soil type and (iii) the type of field (i.e. culturalhistory, size, shape, and environment). Contrasting yield scenarios, built by combining datacollected in commercial fields with a long-term yield evolution model, show that thesensitivity of assessment results regarding yields depends on the assessment field. Theinsertion of M. giganteus in a cropping system can significantly improve the greenhouse gasemission balance as well as the environmental balance, compared with a cropping systembased on a short cropping sequence. Economic results depend strongly on M. giganteus yield.Other agricultural feedstocks are also interesting, especially on soils where the yield potentialof M. giganteus is low: this is particularly the case of alfalfa stems, which can be used forsecond-generation ethanol production
Morau, Dominique. "Modélisation des dispositifs de revalorisation énergétique des déchets solides et liquides : séchage, méthanisation, incinération : mise en oeuvre d'un outil d'aide à la conception multi-systèmes et multi-modèles". Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00646479.
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