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Weiqi, Wang, Wang Aogang, Dong Huaxiong i Zhu Yuxin. "SPIDER HEXAPOD ROBOT BASED ON STM32F429". EPH - International Journal of Science And Engineering 4, nr 4 (27.12.2018): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/eijse.v4i4.167.
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A multi-legged intelligent walking robot was developed for the purpose of industrial inspection in this paper. The robot described in this article is STM32F429 as the main control chip, equipped with ultrasonic module for automatic obstacle avoidance, gyro module for direction designation, voice module for command control, temperature and humidity, camera sensor for data collection, through the serial port to the rudder with atmega328 chip The machine control board sends the serial port commands to form a closed-loop automatic control to realize the integrated control of 18 servos, and achieve the purpose of automatically inspecting and collecting environmental data in real time in the factory.
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Gapar, M. A., M. F. Razali, H. Mansor, Y. S. Hamid i N. E. A. Subki. "Industrial Building System (IBS): A Unique Intra-Module Connection on Modular Steel Building (MSB)". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1200, nr 1 (1.11.2021): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1200/1/012014.
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Abstract Modular Steel Building (MSB) provide benefits towards green building technology such as minimum wastage, faster build time and cost-efficiency. The intra-module connection is the most important aspect of MSB construction since it has a significant impact on overall structural stability and robustness. A novel intra-module connection was proposed for the MSB. The proposal was designed to suit the illustrative five-storey hexagon shape modular steel building that possibly imagines by Architect. Two analyses phases are being presented, namely the Macro and Microanalysis model. The former is the stage for global analysis design of the proposed five-storey hexagon shape modular steel building via SAP2000. The latter is the local intra-module connection behaviour analysis using ABAQUS software. Linear and nonlinear static analyses were carried out on the proposed intra-module connection under the vertical applied load. In this work, the failure of the connection under the given load was governed by the hexagon diaphragm, while the fin plate demonstrates the least affected constitutive component. It anticipates that the suggested unique intra-module connection will encourage architects to employ modular steel construction designs with greater flexibility. Future research will concentrate on the parametric study to improve the performance of the diaphragm and the connection’s limitations.
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H. Shakir, Yazen. "Theoretical Design of a Leg Module for a Hexapod Underwater Robot". American Journal of Mechanics and Applications 5, nr 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajma.20170501.11.
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Qi, Jing, Xilun Ding, Weiwei Li, Zhonghua Han i Kun Xu. "Fusing Hand Postures and Speech Recognition for Tasks Performed by an Integrated Leg–Arm Hexapod Robot". Applied Sciences 10, nr 19 (7.10.2020): 6995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196995.
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Hand postures and speech are convenient means of communication for humans and can be used in human–robot interaction. Based on structural and functional characteristics of our integrated leg-arm hexapod robot, to perform reconnaissance and rescue tasks in public security application, a method of linkage of movement and manipulation of robots is proposed based on the visual and auditory channels, and a system based on hand postures and speech recognition is described. The developed system contains: a speech module, hand posture module, fusion module, mechanical structure module, control module, path planning module and a 3D SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) module. In this system, three modes, i.e., the hand posture mode, speech mode, and a combination of the hand posture and speech modes, are used in different situations. The hand posture mode is used for reconnaissance tasks, and the speech mode is used to query the path and control the movement and manipulation of the robot. The combination of the two modes can be used to avoid ambiguity during interaction. A semantic understanding-based task slot structure is developed by using the visual and auditory channels. In addition, a method of task planning based on answer-set programming is developed, and a system of network-based data interaction is designed to control movements of the robot using Chinese instructions remotely based on a wide area network. Experiments were carried out to verify the performance of the proposed system.
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Ouyang, Dongxu, Jiahao Liu, Mingyi Chen, Jingwen Weng i Jian Wang. "Thermal Failure Propagation in Lithium-Ion Battery Modules with Various Shapes". Applied Sciences 8, nr 8 (31.07.2018): 1263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8081263.
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Thermal failure propagation is one of the most severe challenges for battery modules and it usually aggravates the thermal hazards, further resulting in serious accidents. This work conducted two groups of experiments to investigate the influence of discharging treatment and module shape on the thermal failure propagation of battery modules, where the triangle module, rectangle module, parallelogram module, line module, hexagon module, and square module were researched. Based on the results, it can be found that an evident domino effect existed on the thermal failure propagation of battery modules. Namely, the failure propagation process consisted of several phases and the number of phases depended on the shape of the module. Besides, it is indicated that discharging treatment on a battery module when it was in a high-temperature environment would aggravate its thermal failure propagation by bringing an earlier thermal failure, a quicker failure propagation, and a larger mass loss. Combining the results of safety and space utilization, it is revealed that the triangular module may be the best choice of battery module due to its smaller failure propagation speed and higher space utilization.
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Raja Ahsan Shah, Raja Mazuir, Mansour Al Qubeissi, Hazem Youssef i Hakan Serhad Soyhan. "Battery Thermal Management: An Application to Petrol Hybrid Electric Vehicles". Sustainability 15, nr 7 (28.03.2023): 5868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15075868.
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Battery thermal management systems (BTMS) in hybrid electric vehicles can be complex and heavy. They tend to increase energy consumption, leading to higher carbon dioxide emissions. In this study, a new approach was investigated for the potential use of four fuel components as coolants for direct liquid-cooled (LC)-BTMS, N-Pentane, N-Hexane, N-Butane, and Cyclo-Pentane. The performance of the fuel components was numerically analysed and CFD modelled using ANSYS Fluent software. Several meshing iterations of the lithium-ion battery (LIB) module were performed to conduct mesh independence check for higher accuracy and less computational time. The LIB module was simulated, in comparison to a free air convection (FAC)-BTMS as a benchmark, at three discharge rates (1C, 1.5C, 2C) for each of the inlet velocity values (0.1, 0.5, 1 m/s). Results show that FAC-BTMS exceeded the LIB module optimal operating temperature range (293–313 K) at 2C. On average, at the worst condition (lowest inlet velocity and highest discharge rate), all fuel components of the LC-BTMS were able to maintain the LIB module temperature below 288 K. That is at least 4.7% cooler compared to FAC-BTMS, which renders the new approach viable alternative to the conventional BTMS.
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Liu, Wei-Qin, Luo-Nan Xiong, Guo-Wei Zhang, Meng Yang, Wei-Guo Wu i Xue-Min Song. "Research on Hydroelastic Response of an FMRC Hexagon Enclosed Platform". Symmetry 13, nr 7 (22.06.2021): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13071110.
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The numerical hydroelastic method is used to study the structural response of a hexagon enclosed platform (HEP) of flexible module rigid connector (FMRC) structure that can provide life accommodation, ship berthing and marine supply for ships sailing in the deep ocean. Six trapezoidal floating structures constitute the HEP structure so that it is a symmetrical very large floating structure (VLFS). The HEP has the characteristics of large area and small depth, so its hydroelastic response is significant. Therefore, this paper studies the structural responses of a hexagon enclosed platform of FMRC structure in waves by means of a 3D potential-flow hydroelastic method based on modal superposition. Numerical models, including the hydrodynamic model, wet surface model and finite element method (FEM) model, are established, a rigid connection is simulated by many-point-contraction (MPC) and the number of wave cases is determined. The load and structural response of HEP are obtained and analyzed in all wave cases, and frequency-domain hydroelastic calculation and time-domain hydroelastic calculation are carried out. After obtaining a number of response amplitude operators (RAOs) for stress and time-domain stress histories, the mechanism of the HEP structure is compared and analyzed. This study is used to guide engineering design for enclosed-type ocean platforms.
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Janicki, Marcin, Przemysław Ptak, Tomasz Torzewicz i Krzysztof Górecki. "Compact Thermal Modeling of Modules Containing Multiple Power LEDs". Energies 13, nr 12 (17.06.2020): 3130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123130.
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Temperature is an essential factor affecting the operation of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which are often used in circuits containing multiple devices influencing each other. Therefore, the thermal models of such circuits should take into account not only the self-heating effects, but also the mutual thermal influences among devices. This problem is illustrated here based on the example of a module containing six LEDs forming on the substrate a hexagon. This module is supposed to operate without any heat sink in the natural convection cooling conditions, hence it has been proposed to increase the thermal pad area in order to lower the device-operating temperature. In the experimental part of the paper, the recorded diode-heating curves are processed using the network identification by deconvolution method. This allows for the computation of the thermal time constant spectra and the generation of device-compact thermal models. Moreover, the influence of the thermal pad surface area on the device temperature and the thermal coupling between LEDs is investigated.
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Irawan, Addie, i Kenzo Nonami. "Compliant Walking Control for Hydraulic Driven Hexapod Robot on Rough Terrain". Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 23, nr 1 (20.02.2011): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2011.p0149.
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This article describes the proposed force-based walking method for hydraulically driven hexapod robot named COMET-IV, to walk on the large scale rough terrain. The trajectory is designed where foot step motion for each leg is decided by vertical force on the foot that is calculated from cylinder torque of thigh and shank. This proposed walking trajectory is established with compliant control strategy, which consists of force control based on position range from the trajectory motion signal. This force controller is dynamically control ON/OFF by proposed decision algorithms that derived from the changes of kinematic motion of the trajectory itself. In addition logical attitude (body) control is designed as a part of the decision control module that makes a pre-calculation of decision making based on leg sequence changes. For more stability dynamic swings raising control is derived from trajectory equations to perform a different degree of swing rising for each leg when the robot stepping on the different level of terrain. All proposed controllers are verified in the COMET-IV actual system with walking on the designed rough terrain platform consists of random levels of hard bricks and rubber pads.
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Anokhina, Tatiana S., Tatyana O. Ershova, Anton A. Anisimov, Maxim N. Temnikov, Evgenia A. Grushevenko, Ilya L. Borisov, Alexey V. Volkov i Aziz M. Muzafarov. "Pervaporation and Gas Separation Properties of High-Molecular Ladder-like Polyphenylsilsesquioxanes". Polymers 15, nr 15 (2.08.2023): 3277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15153277.
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This paper presents the results of studies on the pervaporation properties (for benzene/hexane mixtures) and gas permeability (for He, H2, N2, O2, CO2, CH4, C2H6, and C4H10) of ladder-like polyphenylsesquioxanes (L-PPSQ) with improved physical and chemical properties. These polymers were obtained by condensation of cis-tetraphenylcyclotetrasiloxanetetraol in ammonia medium. The structure of L-PPSQ was fully confirmed by a combination of physicochemical analysis methods: 1H, 29Si NMR, IR spectroscopy, HPLC, powder XRD, and viscometry in solution. For the first time, a high molecular weight of the polymer (Mn = 238 kDa, Mw = 540 kDa) was achieved, which determines its improved mechanical properties and high potential for use in membrane separation. Using TGA and mechanical analysis methods, it was found that this polymer has high thermal (Td5% = 537 °C) and thermal-oxidative stability (Td5% = 587 °C) and good mechanical properties (Young’s module (E) = 1700 MPa, ultimate tensile stress (σ) = 44 MPa, elongation at break (ε) = 6%), which is important for making membranes workable under various conditions. The polymer showed a high separation factor for a mixture of 10% wt. benzene in n-hexane (126) at a benzene flow of 33 g/(m2h).
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Kimic, Kinga. "Architektura oparta na wzorze plastra miodu". ACTA SCIENTIARUM POLONORUM - Architectura Budownictwo 18, nr 3 (28.11.2019): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspa.2019.18.3.33.
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The honeycomb pattern, comes from nature, is one of the inspiration used by architects in their work. The characteristic form of the hexagon, possible to be duplicated as a module in both "pure" and modified form, favours the implementation of more and more spectacular solutions in architecture. The aim of the article is an overview of selected examples of the honeycomb pattern applied in architecture in relation to shaping its basic form (single objects and their complex systems), as well as used in architectonic details at various scales (elements of building facades). The variety of ideas is resulted from the inventiveness of planners and architects, the development of innovative design tools, and the availability of various materials used in construction.
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Skrebets, Tatʹyana Eduardovna, Artem Dmitriyevich Ivakhnov i Hurshed Begmahmudovich Mamatmurodov. "OPTIMIZATION OF BIRD CHERRY OIL SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION PROCESS". chemistry of plant raw material, nr 2 (10.06.2022): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20220210520.
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Cherry cake berries, which is a waste of liquor production, contain biologically active substances, including lipids, which are not extracted by ethanol in the main production. Supercritical carbon dioxide is a good extractant for such compounds. By method of full factor experiment using rotatable uniform-plan of the second order, process of optimization of extraction of cherry oil from processed berries by method of supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide was carried out. During planning, the pressure of 250 atm, temperature of 60 °C, hydraulic module 25 are selected as the main levels. To increase the accuracy of optimization, additional coefficients are sequentially included based on the Fisher test not increasing. Analysis of the regression equation made it possible to establish optimal process parameters: temperature 70 °C, pressure 350 atm, hydraulic module 33 at oil yield 1.4% (extraction degree 85%). The relative model error was 1%. Acid, iodine, ether numbers, saponification number, as well as organoleptic indices are determined for the obtained product. The obtained product is enriched with triacylglycerides, free fatty acids and low-molecular organic acids and contains a small amount of unsaturated higher carboxylic acids compared to oil isolated by extraction in a Soxlet apparatus with hexane.
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FEDOROVÁ, P., R. SRNEC, J. PĚNČÍK, M. DVOŘÁK, M. KRBEC i A. NEČAS. "Intra-Articular Reinforcement of a Partially Torn Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Using Newly Developed UHMWPE Biomaterial in Combination with Hexalon ACL/PCL Screws: Ex-Vivo Mechanical Testing of an Animal Knee Model". Acta chirurgiae orthopaedicae et traumatologiae Cechoslovaca 82, nr 3 (1.06.2015): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55095/achot2015/033.
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Zhao, Zhengjun, i Wanbao Hu. "On l-class groups of global function fields". International Journal of Number Theory 12, nr 02 (18.02.2016): 341–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793042116500202.
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Let [Formula: see text] be a finite geometric separable extension of the rational function field [Formula: see text], and let [Formula: see text] be a finite cyclic extension of [Formula: see text] of prime degree [Formula: see text]. Assume that the ideal class number of the integral closure [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] is not divisible by [Formula: see text]. Using genus theory and Conner–Hurrelbrink exact hexagon for function fields, we study in this paper the [Formula: see text]-class group of [Formula: see text] (i.e. the Sylow [Formula: see text]-subgroup of the ideal class group of [Formula: see text]) as Galois module, where [Formula: see text] is the integral closure of [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text]. The resulting conclusion is used to discuss the relations of class numbers for the biquadratic function fields with their quadratic subfields.
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Hongfan, Gui, i Zhao Zhangyan. "Research on obstacle climbing gait structure design and gait control of hexapod wall climbing robot based on STM32F103 core controller". Mechanics & Industry 24 (2023): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2023019.
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The hexapod wall climbing robots have the advantages of traversing complex wall surfaces. To traverse complex environments autonomously, it must possess the capability to select gait parameters and paths appropriate for the wall surface. Path planning and gait optimization is a fundamental issue in the aspect of stable, energy efficient robot navigation in complex environments with static and dynamic obstacles. Traditional statistical models have been developed to get the optimal path and gait parameters but the result obtained was very poor. Metaheuristic algorithms are gaining importance in robotic gait planning. In this paper, we proposed robust two stage gait planning approach for predicting collision-free, distance-minimal, smooth navigation path and ensuring stable, energy efficient gait patterns for robots using hybrid metaheuristic algorithms. In the first stage, optimal climbing path for robot is predicted using Tri-objective Grey Wolf Path Optimization (TGWPO) based on obstacle and target detection. In the second stage, the gait parameters adaptive to the constructed climbing path are optimized using Adaptive multi-objective Particle swarm optimization (AMPSO). The hexapod wall climbing robot is designed with STM32F103 as core controller modeled with optimal path planner (using TDWPO) and gait optimizer module (using AMPSO). STM32F103 controller commands and controls the robot to climb on wall with optimized gait parameters according to the optimal path. We analyzed the efficacy of the proposed two stage gait planning approach using TDWPO-AMPSO for hexapod wall climbing robots with existing gait planning approaches in terms of path length, climbing time, gait stability, obstacle avoidance, and energy efficiency. The result analysis showed that the suggested gait planning approach is efficient over conventional strategies for climbing robots.
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Zhao, Ran, Houde Dai, Guopeng Zhou, Hanchen Yao i Bing Zhang. "Reprogrammable liquid-metal/NdFeB/silicone composite magnetic elastomer". AIP Advances 13, nr 2 (1.02.2023): 025303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/9.0000470.
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Programming the patterned magnetization profile on the magnetic elastomer can enable the magnetic soft robot to produce controlled deformation. But the magnetization profiles are usually unchangeable, which leads to the single function of magnetic soft robot. This paper presents a reprogrammable mangetic elastomer based on liquid-metal/NdFeB/Silicone composites. Liquid-metal/NdFeB functional groups wrapped in silicone matrix can realize repeated magnetization through thermal-assisted magnetic programming. By using several liquid metals (melting points <60 °C), we have manufactured composite magnetic elastomer with regulate-temperature at 15.7, 29.7, 41.5 and 47 °C, respectively. SEM and EDS results exhibits the elastomer’s micromorphology and element content. The elstomer’s magnetic properties are tested by the comprehensive physical property measurement system (PPMS). The moment–temperature (M–T) curve shows the material’s moment jumps at the melt point of the liquid metal. And the moment–magnetic field (M–H) curves indicate that the elastomer exhibit hard and soft magnetic characteristics. At last, a hexagon-shape robot is manufactured and then programmed to two modals of grasping and standing. The experimental results verify the reprogrammability of the proposed composite elastomer. The elastomer is expected to be utilized to manufacture multi-modal magnetic soft robot.
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Praveenchandar, J., D. Vetrithangam, S. Kaliappan, M. Karthick, Naresh Kumar Pegada, Pravin P. Patil, S. Govinda Rao i Syed Umar. "IoT-Based Harmful Toxic Gases Monitoring and Fault Detection on the Sensor Dataset Using Deep Learning Techniques". Scientific Programming 2022 (8.08.2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7516328.
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One of the main reasons for accidents among workers is harmful gas leakage. Many people die in chemical industries and their surrounding areas. The present invention is responsible for monitoring and controlling hazardous toxic gases like nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide, ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), LPG, hydrocarbon gases, silicones, hydrocarbons, alcohol, CH4, hexane, benzine, as well as environmental conditions, such as temperature and relative humidity to prevent industrial accidents. The Arduino UNO R3 board is used as the central microcontroller. It is connected to the Cloud via AQ3 sensor, Minipid 2 HS PID sensor, IR5500 open path infrared gas detector, DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor, MQ3 sensor, and ESP8266 and WIFI Module, which can store real-time sensor data and send alert messages to the industry’s safety control board. Machine learning and artificial intelligence will be used to make an intelligent prediction (AI). The information gathered will be examined in real-time. The real-time data provided through the sensor can be accessed worldwide. Sensor data quality is critical in the Internet of Things (IoT) applications because poor data quality renders them useless. Error detection in sensor data improves the IoT-based toxic gas monitoring, controlling, and prediction system. Live data from sensors or datasets should be analyzed properly using appropriate techniques. Hence, hybrid hidden Markov and artificial intelligence models are applied as an error detection technique in the sensor dataset. This technique outperformed the dataset gas sensor array under dynamic gas mixtures and lived data. Our method outperformed harmful gas monitoring and error detection in sensor datasets compared to other existing technologies. The hybrid HMM and ANN fault detection methods performed well on the datasets and produced 0.01% false positive rate.
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"Ballard unveils Class 6 truck with Hexagon Purus, 100 kW module". Fuel Cells Bulletin 2021, nr 10 (październik 2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-2859(21)00546-0.
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Chai, Xiaoming, Xiaolan Tu, Wei Lu, Zongjian Lu, Dong Yao, Qing Li i Wenbin Wu. "The Powerful Method of Characteristics Module in Advanced Neutronics Lattice Code KYLIN-2". Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science 3, nr 3 (25.05.2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4035934.
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Due to powerful geometry treatment capability, method of characteristics (MOC) currently becomes one of the best method to solve neutron transport equation. In MOC method, boundary condition treatment, complex geometry representation, and advanced acceleration method are the key techniques to develop a powerful MOC code to solve complex problem. In this paper, we developed a powerful MOC module, which can treat different boundary conditions with two methods. For problems with special border shapes and boundary condition, such as rectangle, 1/8 of square, hexagon, 1/3 of hexagon, 1/6 of hexagon problems with reflection, rotation, and translation boundary condition, the MOC module adopts periodic tracking method, with which rays can return to start point after a certain distance. For problems with general border shapes, the MOC module uses ray prolongation method, which can treat arbitrary border shapes and boundary conditions. Meanwhile, graphic user interface based on computer aided design (CAD) software is developed to generate the geometry description file, in which geometry is represented by “lines and arcs” method. With the graphic user interface, the geometry and mesh can be described and modified correctly and fast. In order to accelerate the MOC transport calculation, the generalized coarse mesh finite difference (GCMFD) is used, which can use irregular coarse mesh diffusion method to accelerate the transport equation. The MOC module was incorporated into advanced neutronics lattice code KYLIN-2, which was developed by Nuclear Power Institute of China (NPIC) and used to simulate the assembly of current pressurized water reactor (PWR) and advanced reactors, to solve the transport equation with multigroup energy structure in cross sections database. The numerical results show that the KYLIN-2 code can be used to calculate 2D neutron transport problems in reactor accurately and fast. In future, the KYLIN-2 code will be released and gradually become the main neutron transport lattice code in NPIC.
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Böhm, Janko, Alessandro Georgoudis, Kasper J. Larsen, Hans Schönemann i Yang Zhang. "Complete integration-by-parts reductions of the non-planar hexagon-box via module intersections". Journal of High Energy Physics 2018, nr 9 (wrzesień 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep09(2018)024.
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Kita, Hidetoshi. "Fabrication And Application Of Zeolite Membranes". MRS Proceedings 752 (2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-752-aa11.1.
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ABSTRACTZeolite Membranes Were Prepared On A Porous Ceramic Support By Hydrothermal Synthesis Using Conventional Heating System And Microwave Heating. Naa And T Type Zeolite Membranes Were Highly Selective For Permeating Water Preferentially With The High Permeation Flux, While Silicalite Membranes Exhibited Preferential Organic Compound Permeation From Water Such As Ethanol/Water. Nay And Nax Zeolite Membranes Showed A High Alcohol Selectivity For Several Feed Mixtures With Methanol Or Ethanol And A High Benzene Selectivity For Benzene/Cyclohexane And Benzene/N-Hexane Separation. The Performance Of The Zeolite Membranes Was The Most Favorable One For Pervaporation Membranes Which Have Been Published So Far And A Tubular Type Module Using A Type Zeolite Membrane For Dehydration Of Organic Liquids Has Been Put Into Industrial Operation. The Tubular Type Pervaporation And Vapor Permeation Module Can Produce 99.8 Wt% Ethanol From 600 L/H, 90 Wt% Ethanol Feed At 120 °C. For The Mass Production Of Zeolite Membrane A New Synthetic Method Using A Microwave Heating Is Also Proposed.
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Liu, Ziyu, i Xiaoyi Yang. "The potential GHGs reduction of co-processing aviation biofuel in life cycle". Bioresources and Bioprocessing 10, nr 1 (30.08.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40643-023-00674-z.
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AbstractThe challenge of drop-in jet biofuel should couple the reduction of GHGs emission in whole life cycle with economic competitiveness and achieving performance without reducing performance of engine and aircraft. Co-processing was recognized a promising solution due to availability of existing refining infrastructure and facilities. Based on the LCA approach, the quantitative LCA assessment model (AF-3E) has been established for discovering potential GHGs reduction by co-processing. Typical representatives of oily feedstock, including used cooking oil, soybean, rapeseed, peanut, corn oil, Xanthoceras sorbifolia, jatropha and algae, were compared co-processing with HEFA-SPK blend on GHGs and energy consumption in the whole life. Computational framework is integrated into 3 sub-models and 4 modules, which include feedstocks model, fuel model, flight model and electricity module, hydrogen module, methanol module, hexane module. In flight model, the emissions were investigated at LTO condition and cruise condition and transfer to six types of typical aircraft widely used by similarity criterion. Co-processing achieve less energy consumption and GHGs emission than HEFA-SPK blend, which is attributed to less energy consumption in fuel stage. Used cooking oil conducts 8.17% GHGs reduction in 5% bio-feedstock co-processing and 6.39% in 5% HEFA-SPK jet biofuel blend compared with petroleum-based jet fuel. By sensitivity analysis, the vital factors on GHGs have been extracted in whole life cycle. The purpose of this paper is to discover the advantages and vital factors of co-processing. The results would enhance the interests in both LCA and co-processing for sustainable aviation biofuel. Graphical Abstract
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Ahmad, A. L., Z. A. Jawad, S. C. Low i S. H. S. Zein. "Influence of Solvent Exchange Drying Method on Mixed Matrix Membrane for Gas Separation". Journal of Applied Membrane Science & Technology 16, nr 1 (13.11.2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/amst.v16i1.5.
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The improvement of the CO2 separation efficiency from flue gases has been identified as a high-priority research area, to reduce the total energy cost of sequestration technologies in coal-fired power plant. Among the separationtechniques, membrane technology, in particular mixed matrix membrane (MMM) appeared as the most attractive module due to its high separation capabilities (inorganic fillers) and economical processing materials (polymeric membrane). In this study, MMM was synthesized from cellulose acetate polymer with functionalized multi walled carbon nanotubes served as the inorganic fillers by wet phase inversion. Both vacuum drying and ethanol-hexane exchange drying methods were compared to investigate their influence on the MMM morphologies and properties. Experimental findings (FESEM, AFM and ATR-FTIR) showed that the ethanol–hexane exchange drying was an appropriate method to minimize morphology change of MMM, whereas the vacuum drying caused the greatestshrinkage to MMM structure. The CO2 permeance results supported the proposed solvent exchange mechanism where MMM with solvent exchange drying showed to have improved in their mechanical strength and betterpermeance of (733.90-741.67) GPU compared to the vacuum drying (18.72-18.44) GPU within pressure range of 1 to 3 bars.
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Sene, Madieve, Ousmane Diaw, Mamadou Ndiaye, Abdou Sarr, Firmin Sylva Barboza, Awa Ndiaye-Sy i Guata Yoro Sy. "Activité cicatrisante in-vivo d’une pommade à base de vaseline et d’une fraction méthanolique de feuilles d’Elaeis guineensis sur un modèle de brûlure du second degré profond chez le rat". Journal Africain de Technologie Pharmaceutique et Biopharmacie (JATPB) 2, nr 3 (20.12.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.57220/jatpb.v2i3.141.
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Introduction : En milieu traditionnel, les feuilles d’Elaeis guineensis sont utilisées pour la prise en charge des plaies. L’objectif de cette étude était de mettre en évidence l'activité cicatrisante des feuilles de cette plante, sur un modèle de brûlure expérimentale de second degré profond, chez le rat de souche Wistar.
Matériel et méthodes : Le matériel végétal était constitué d’une poudre de feuilles d’E. guineensis récoltées en Casamance, dans la région Sud du Sénégal. Des rats de souche Wistar provenant de l’animalerie du Laboratoire de Pharmacologie de la Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d’Odonto-Stomatologie de l’Université Cheikh Anta DIOP de Dakar ont été utilisés pour l’étude pharmacologique. La vaseline officinale pure a servi d’excipient, le benzoate de sodium est ajouté comme conservateur. La Sulfadiazine a été utilisée comme cicatrisant de référence.
La poudre de feuilles d’E. guineensis a été extraite avec des solvants de polarité différente (Hexane/Acétate d’éthyle/Méthanol). Une caractérisation de groupes phytochimiques majeurs de la fraction méthanolique a été réalisée sur tube. A partir de la poudre de la fraction méthanolique des feuilles d’E. guineensis, deux pommades à 3 et 10 % dans la vaseline ont été préparées (Qsp 50 g). Le benzoate de sodium a été utilisé à raison de 1,5 g pour 1000 g de pommade. Le benzoate de sodium et la poudre de la fraction méthanolique ont été triturés dans un mortier à l’aide d’un pilon. La vaseline officinale pure a été ajoutée progressivement en triturant légèrement jusqu’à homogénéisation du mélange. L’étude pharmacologique a été menée sur un modèle in-vivo de brûlure expérimentale du second degré profond chez le rat de souche Wistar. Les brûlures expérimentales ont été induites à l'aide d’un cylindre métallique de 3 cm de diamètre et chauffé pendant 3 min. Le cylindre a été appliqué pendant 10 secondes en appuyant un peu sur la surface de la peau rasée des rats, sous anesthésie, afin de provoquer une brûlure de second degré profond. Les pommades ont été appliquées quotidiennement pendant 28 jours. L’activité cicatrisante a été évaluée selon la méthode de KAMOSHIDA avec des scores allant de 1 à 5 selon l’importance de la brûlure et confirmée par des coupes histologiques.
Résultats : La caractérisation phytochimique a mis en évidence la présence de composés phénoliques tels que les flavonoïdes et les tanins dans la fraction méthanolique. L’application quotidienne de la vaseline seule ne s’associe pas à une réparation tissulaire. Celle de la pommade à 3 % correspond à un score de 2 à J14 c’est-à-dire, une reconstruction tissulaire des lésions. La cicatrisation est effective au 25ème jour de traitement avec un score de 0,5. La réparation tissulaire est complète au bout de 20 jours d’application et la ré-épithélialisation est complète est observée après 18 jours de traitement.
Conclusion : Les feuilles d’E. guineensis sont cicatrisante sur des modèles in-vivo. Ces effets pourraient être dus aux flavonoïdes et tanins présents dans cette fraction.
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Vali, P. S. N. Masthan, i Murali G. "Experimental Study on Thermal Management of Nano Enhanced Phase Change Material Integrated Battery Pack". ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 29.11.2023, 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4064155.
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Abstract In recent years, lithium-ion batteries have grown in popularity. Because of their extended cycle life and high energy density. A hexagon-shaped 18650 lithium-ion cylindrical cell battery pack was created using paraffin wax (PA) as a Phase change material (PCM) and nano-enhanced phase change material (Ne-PCM). However, the PCM's low thermal conductivity is a main challenge to the improvement of electrical vehicles (EVs). The highest temperature in the cylindrical cell battery pack is attained in the mid-region, resulting in an uneven temperature distribution across the cells. In order to overcome the constraints and achieve efficient battery module performance, phase change with nanomaterials was placed in the center of four cells using graphene platelet nano powder (GPN), multi-wall carbon nano tubes (MWCNTs), and graphite-synthetic powder (GSP). Studies on the battery module were conducted without, with PCM, and Ne-PCM cooling. The investigation found that the battery pack with Ne-PCM performed well by keeping the temperature under 50 °C at different discharge rates of 1C, 2C, and 3C and maintaining a uniform temperature variation within cells. Ne-PCM decreases the temperature differential between the modules at 1, 2, and 3 C discharge rates by 85.49, 91.47, and 84.21%, respectively, in comparison to PCM.
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Nordenstam, Eric, i Benjamin Young. "Correlations for the Novak process". Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science DMTCS Proceedings vol. AR,..., Proceedings (1.01.2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/dmtcs.3070.
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International audience We study random lozenge tilings of a certain shape in the plane called the Novak half-hexagon, and compute the correlation functions for this process. This model was introduced by Nordenstam and Young (2011) and has many intriguing similarities with a more well-studied model, domino tilings of the Aztec diamond. The most difficult step in the present paper is to compute the inverse of the matrix whose (i,j)-entry is the binomial coefficient $C(A, B_j-i)$ for indeterminate variables $A$ and $B_1, \dots , B_n.$ Nous étudions des pavages aléatoires d'une region dans le plan par des losanges qui s'appelle le demi-hexagone de Novak et nous calculons les corrélations de ce processus. Ce modèle a été introduit par Nordenstam et Young (2011) et a plusieurs similarités des pavages aléatoires d'un diamant aztèque par des dominos. La partie la plus difficile de cet article est le calcul de l'inverse d'une matrice ou l’élément (i,j) est le coefficient binomial $C(B_j-i, A)$ pour des variables $A$ et $B_1, \dots , B_n$ indéterminés.
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Guo, Zhanshe, Yang Liu, Fuqiang Zhou, Peiran Zhang, Zhipeng Song i Haishu Tan. "Design of Hexapod Robot Equipped with Omnidirectional Vision Sensor for Defect Inspection of Pipeline's Inner Surface". Measurement Science and Technology, 30.07.2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ad6922.
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Abstract Defect detection of inner surface of precision pipes is a crucial aspect of ensuring production safety. Currently, pipeline defect detection primarily relies on recording video for manual recognition, with urgent need to improve automation, quantification and accuracy. This paper presents a hexapod in-pipe robot with carrying capacity designed to transport the omnidirectional vision sensor to specified location within unreachable pipelines. The feasibility of the robot’s mechanical design and sensor load-carrying module is analyzed using theory calculations, motion simulations and finite element method. To address the challenges of small pixel ratio and weak background changes in panoramic images, a tiny defect segmentor (TDS) based on ResNet is proposed for detecting tiny defects on the inner surface of pipelines. The hardware and software systems are implemented, and the motion performance of the pipeline robot is validated through experiments. The results demonstrate that the robot achieves stable movement at a speed of over 0.1m/s and can adapt to pipe diameter ranging from of 110 to 130 mm. The novelty of the robot lies in providing stable control of the loaded vision sensor, with control precision of the rotation angle and the displacement recorded at 1.84% and 0.87%, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed method achieves a detection accuracy of 95.67% for tiny defects with a diameter less than 3 mm and provides defect location information. This pipeline robot serves as an essential reference for development of in-pipe 3D vision inspection system.
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Yulia, Andriani Pratiwi i Sasa Ani Arnomo. "Sistem Edukasi Pengenalan Rumus Matematika Menggunakan Aughmented Reality Berbasis Android". Jurnal Sistim Informasi dan Teknologi, 1.07.2022, 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37034/jsisfotek.v4i2.133.
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The introduction of spatial media, especially in mathematics, is still often applied to learning module media such as books or whiteboard media as happened. In this case it is less effective because students are less able to absorb what is conveyed by the teacher because the media is still in the form of 2D images. This study aims to build learning augmented reality with markerless method based on android. With the application of augmented reality objects in the recognition of spatial shapes can be used as 3D images. The spatial applications that will be made are cubes, blocks, triangular prisms, triangular pyramids, rectangular pyramids, cones, spheres and regular hexagon prisms. The final result obtained is an educational application for the introduction of mathematical formulas, especially in building spaces using Android-based augmented reality, and in the form of a marker book. It is possible that this technology can be used as a tool for more innovative methods of introducing mathematical geometric formulas. By shining on the rear camera on the marker book, users can immediately see in 3D on the smartphone screen the shape of the shapes and formulas that exist in real time. This will be an interesting lesson, especially for fifth graders at SDIT At Taubah Batam.
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Biswas, Saikat. "Research and development of scintillation detectors for the study of cosmic ray". Virginia Journal of Business, Technology, and Science, nr 1 (7.07.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.51390/vajbts.v1i1.18.
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At Bose Institute Prof. Debendra Mohan Bose and his co-workers made globally recognised contributions in the field of cosmic rays including the first recording of mu-meson tracks. Prof. D. M. Bose and Dr. Biva Choudhury did their cosmic ray experiments at the Darjeeling campus of Bose Institute (along with Sandakphu and Pharijong). Presently the Darjeeling campus hosts a National facility for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science. In Kolkata also there is a Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS). In these two campuses, we are still working on the R\&D of plastic scintillation detectors for the study of the cosmic rays to preserve the legacy of Prof. D. M. Bose.
The only cosmic ray air shower array in the eastern part of India, consisting of seven plastic scintillator detectors is commissioned at an altitude of about 2200~meters above sea level (a.s.l.) in the Eastern Himalayas (Darjeeling) at the end of January 2018. The cosmic ray air shower array has a hexagon shape with six detectors kept at the vertices ofthe hexagon and one at the center of it. The distance between two consecutive detectors is 8 meters. Each detectorelement is made up of four plastic scintillators of dimension 50~cm~$\times$~50~cm~$\times$~1~cm thereby forming a totalactive area of 1~m$^2$. These scintillators are fabricated indigenously in the Cosmic RayLaboratory (CRL), TIFR, Ooty, India. All four scintillators of a detector are coupled with a singlePhoto Multiplier Tube (PMT) using wavelength shifting (WLS) fibers. A custom-built module withseven inputs is used to generate a multi-fold trigger. Measurement of the number of cosmic ray airshower is going on since the end of January 2018. The secondary cosmic ray flux and its variation overtime are also recorded at the laboratory in Darjeeling using a three-fold coincidence technique withplastic scintillators. All the details of the experimental setup, techniques of measurement are reported earlier. The updates in the results are presented in this article.
In this review article, the details of the R\&D program of plastic scintillation detectors carried out during the last five years, for the study of cosmic ray is reported.
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Jadhav, Subhash V., Prashant M. Pawar i Babruvahan P. Ronge. "Effect of Pin-Fin Geometry on Microchannel Performance". Chemical Product and Process Modeling 14, nr 1 (21.08.2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cppm-2018-0016.
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Abstract Purpose A numerical analysis is carried out to study the effect of pin fin geometry on the performance of microchannel heat sinks. Design/methodology/approach A three-dimensional numerical analysis is carried out using the conjugate heat transfer module of COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS software. Initially, the study is carried out for a microchannel heat sink with elliptical pin fins of 500 µm fin height, and the results of the same are validated with the results obtained from the literature. Further, the effect of different pin fin shapes and pin fin heights is investigated in terms of Nusselt number and pressure drop. The analysis is carried out with different pin fin shapes viz. ellipse, circle, square and hexagon. The pin fin height for all channels is varied from 300 µm to 700 µm. The total surface area of the channel coming into contact with coolant is kept constant for different coolant inflow velocities. Findings Higher values of Nusselt numbers are obtained for fin pins at larger height and high coolant inlet velocities. At coolant inlet velocity of 1 m/s, as pin fin height increases from 300 µm to 700 µm, the channel with circular pin fins shows a maximum increment of 66 % and elliptical pin fins shows a minimum increment of 40 % in terms of Nusselt number. A maximum value of Nusselt number observed is 21.36 with square pin fins of 700 µm fin height and a minimum of 6.03 Nusselt number with circular fins of 300 µm fin height. OriginalityOriginality/Value This study is useful in appropriate selection of pin fin geometry for enhancing the performance of microchannel heat sink.
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Al-Fazari, Ameera Ali, Mahra Said Ahmed Al-Risi i Rasha AbdulWahhab. "Green Home: New Application for Monitoring Indoor Air Quality Using Arduino Platform". Journal of Student Research, 11.07.2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47611/jsr.vi.929.
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Air pollution is one of the most serious problems facing the atmosphere on the planet. Air pollution is defined as a collection of harmful chemicals and an organic material from factories are emitted in the atmosphere layer and causes many different diseases such as cough, eye irritation and even death. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of deaths per year due to pollution from gases is about 3.5 million. The main objective of this research is to develop a real time air pollution monitoring web application able to detect indoor toxic gases titled Aircom. The proposed application has a special feature in which IoT technology is embedded in one of its units. The main purpose of using such technology is to help individual to check and get real time information about air’s parameters such as Methane, Ethanol, Toluene, CO2, CO, Alcohol, Acetone, LPG, NH4, Benzene and Hexane along with the temperature, humidity and dust. Aircome will be implemented as an integrated pollution monitoring application which consist of MQ-2, MQ-3, MQ-135, MQ-9, GP2Y1010AU0F, GPS,DHT11, ESP8266 Wi-Fi, Arduino Uno board and web server. All the collected data form the suggested sensors are transmitting using Wifi technology to IoT module and in an online database. Moreover, the collected data later can be viewed using web browser which is installed in any of electronic media. The retrieved data will be displayed in the form of tables and graphs. An alert will be send by Aircom instantly in case the level of air‘s parameters reach above normal level. Generally speaking, Aircom will be developed by using different languages such as C++, Arduino, Java, Java script, PHP, html and MySQL. For further verification of our proposal, we employed a quantitative study to check if what we proposed will have positive impact among different samples in the society. The outcome of the survey indicates that using such application helps to protect individuals from the bad air quality and decreases the potential health problems.
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Lu, Chunzhe, Christos Batianis, Edward Ofori Akwafo, Rene H. Wijffels, Vitor A. P. Martins dos Santos i Ruud A. Weusthuis. "When metabolic prowess is too much of a good thing: how carbon catabolite repression and metabolic versatility impede production of esterified α,ω-diols in Pseudomonas putida KT2440". Biotechnology for Biofuels 14, nr 1 (20.11.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13068-021-02066-x.
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Abstract Background Medium-chain-length α,ω-diols (mcl-diols) are important building blocks in polymer production. Recently, microbial mcl-diol production from alkanes was achieved in E. coli (albeit at low rates) using the alkane monooxygenase system AlkBGTL and esterification module Atf1. Owing to its remarkable versatility and conversion capabilities and hence potential for enabling an economically viable process, we assessed whether the industrially robust P. putida can be a suitable production organism of mcl-diols. Results AlkBGTL and Atf1 were successfully expressed as was shown by oxidation of alkanes to alkanols, and esterification to alkyl acetates. However, the conversion rate was lower than that by E. coli, and not fully to diols. The conversion was improved by using citrate instead of glucose as energy source, indicating that carbon catabolite repression plays a role. By overexpressing the activator of AlkBGTL-Atf1, AlkS and deleting Crc or CyoB, key genes in carbon catabolite repression of P. putida increased diacetoxyhexane production by 76% and 65%, respectively. Removing Crc/Hfq attachment sites of mRNAs resulted in the highest diacetoxyhexane production. When the intermediate hexyl acetate was used as substrate, hexanol was detected. This indicated that P. putida expressed esterases, hampering accumulation of the corresponding esters and diesters. Sixteen putative esterase genes present in P. putida were screened and tested. Among them, Est12/K was proven to be the dominant one. Deletion of Est12/K halted hydrolysis of hexyl acetate and diacetoxyhexane. As a result of relieving catabolite repression and preventing the hydrolysis of ester, the optimal strain produced 3.7 mM hexyl acetate from hexane and 6.9 mM 6-hydroxy hexyl acetate and diacetoxyhexane from hexyl acetate, increased by 12.7- and 4.2-fold, respectively, as compared to the starting strain. Conclusions This study shows that the metabolic versatility of P. putida, and the associated carbon catabolite repression, can hinder production of diols and related esters. Growth on mcl-alcohol and diol esters could be prevented by deleting the dominant esterase. Carbon catabolite repression could be relieved by removing the Crc/Hfq attachment sites. This strategy can be used for efficient expression of other genes regulated by Crc/Hfq in Pseudomonas and related species to steer bioconversion processes.
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Van Khanh, Nguyen, Do Thi Nhai, Bui Thanh Tung i Nguyen Thanh Hai. "The Effect of Different Extraction Procedures on Antioxidant Activity of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Essential Oil". VNU Journal of Science: Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 36, nr 3 (25.09.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1132/vnumps.4213.
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This paper studies the effect of different extraction procedures such as soxhlet extraction using n-hexane, distillation method and supercritical extraction (SFE) on the physicochemical properties of garlic essential oil. The yield of garlic essential oil by soxhlet extraction, steam distillation and SFE-CO2 methods was approximately 0.441, 0.124 and 0.465 %, respectively. The results of the oil analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method show the presence of five major compounds, including diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, 3-vinyl-1,2-dithiacyclohex-4-ene, 3-vinyl-1,2-dithiacyclohex-5-ene and diallyl trisulfide. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil obtained by the SFE-CO2 method was significantly higher than by the distillation method, but was lower than the acid ascorbic one.
Keywords
Garlic essential oil, SFE, GC-MS, antioxidant activity, extraction.
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