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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „MOBILITY PATTERN OF HUMANS”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 11 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "MOBILITY PATTERN OF HUMANS"

MAITI, RAJIB RANJAN, ARUN MALLYA, ANIMESH MUKHERJEE i NILOY GANGULY. "UNDERSTANDING THE CORRELATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF HUMAN MOVEMENT PATTERNS". Advances in Complex Systems 17, nr 06 (listopad 2014): 1450019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525914500192.

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Mobility of humans plays an important role in shaping the performance of various services in mobile and location dependent networks. In this paper, we amalgamate and summarize the parameters reported in various trace analyses, and explore the inter-dependencies among the parameters using a layered approach. We then identify using an experimental setup (a) several roadblocks in generating an intended synthesis model, (b) the changes in the mobility patterns with variation in inputs (e.g., the underlying map), and (c) the changes in efficiency of a given service (here we have considered simple broadcasting) with change in the input parameters. Interestingly, we note that the efficiency of the service does not necessarily depend on the mobility pattern and one needs to be extremely careful before drawing a direct correlation between the two.

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Boyer, Denis, Margaret C. Crofoot i Peter D. Walsh. "Non-random walks in monkeys and humans". Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, nr 70 (26.10.2011): 842–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0582.

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Principles of self-organization play an increasingly central role in models of human activity. Notably, individual human displacements exhibit strongly recurrent patterns that are characterized by scaling laws and can be mechanistically modelled as self-attracting walks. Recurrence is not, however, unique to human displacements. Here we report that the mobility patterns of wild capuchin monkeys are not random walks, and they exhibit recurrence properties similar to those of cell phone users, suggesting spatial cognition mechanisms shared with humans. We also show that the highly uneven visitation patterns within monkey home ranges are not entirely self-generated but are forced by spatio-temporal habitat heterogeneities. If models of human mobility are to become useful tools for predictive purposes, they will need to consider the interaction between memory and environmental heterogeneities.

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He, Wenwen, i Fu Ren. "Predicting the Place Visited of Floating Car: A Three-Layer Framework Using Spatiotemporal Probability". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, nr 10 (1.10.2021): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100663.

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Human-flow pattern can reflect the urban population mobility and the urban operating state. Understanding the trajectory of urban-population moving patterns can improve the effectiveness of urban-management measures. While most of the existing studies on human moving have placed a huge emphasis on location forecasting through the types of activities humans take part in and urban land-use types, this type of forecasting research is limited to relying on specific activity types and land-use types. The urban-population moving pattern has spatial and temporal characteristics, and this feature greatly affects the prediction of where humans will visit. This study aimed to predict the possible places to visit by using the spatiotemporal model. We analyzed the itinerary characteristics of urban taxis and proposed a model based on the taxi itinerary characteristics to predict the drop-off locations. This model can be used to predict the possible arrival locations of urban taxis. We selected three grids of travel data from each period in another day to test the prediction accuracy of the proposed model. The results show that the model can predict the destination of urban taxis to a certain degree.

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Taverna, Simona, Alessandro Tonacci, Maria Ferraro, Giuseppe Cammarata, Giuseppina Cuttitta, Salvatore Bucchieri, Elisabetta Pace i Sebastiano Gangemi. "High Mobility Group Box 1: Biological Functions and Relevance in Oxidative Stress Related Chronic Diseases". Cells 11, nr 5 (1.03.2022): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11050849.

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In the early 1970s, a group of non-histone nuclear proteins with high electrophoretic mobility was discovered and named high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is the most studied HMG protein that detects and coordinates cellular stress response. The biological function of HMGB1 depends on its subcellular localization and expression. It plays a critical role in the nucleus and cytoplasm as DNA chaperone, chromosome gatekeeper, autophagy maintainer, and protector from apoptotic cell death. HMGB1 also functions as an extracellular alarmin acting as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). Recent findings describe HMGB1 as a sophisticated signal of danger, with a pleiotropic function, which is useful as a clinical biomarker for several disorders. HMGB1 has emerged as a mediator in acute and chronic inflammation. Furthermore, HMGB1 targeting can induce beneficial effects on oxidative stress related diseases. This review focus on HMGB1 redox status, localization, mechanisms of release, binding with receptors, and its activities in different oxidative stress-related chronic diseases. Since a growing number of reports show the key role of HMGB1 in socially relevant pathological conditions, to our knowledge, for the first time, here we analyze the scientific literature, evaluating the number of publications focusing on HMGB1 in humans and animal models, per year, from 2006 to 2021 and the number of records published, yearly, per disease and category (studies on humans and animal models).

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Richards, Michael P., Marcello A. Mannino, Klervia Jaouen, Alessandro Dozio, Jean-Jacques Hublin i Marco Peresani. "Strontium isotope evidence for Neanderthal and modern human mobility at the upper and middle palaeolithic site of Fumane Cave (Italy)". PLOS ONE 16, nr 8 (24.08.2021): e0254848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254848.

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To investigate the mobility patterns of Neanderthals and modern humans in Europe during the Middle-to-Upper Palaeolithic transition period, we applied strontium isotope analysis to Neanderthal (n = 3) and modern human (n = 2) teeth recovered from the site of Fumane Cave in the Monti Lessini region of Northern Italy. We also measured a large number of environmental samples from the region, to establish a strontium ‘baseline’, and also micromammals (vole teeth) from the levels associated with the hominin teeth. We found that the modern humans and Neanderthals had similar strontium isotope values, and these values match the local baseline values we obtained for the site and the surrounding region. We conclude that both groups were utilizing the local mountainous region where Fumane Cave is situated, and likely the nearby Lessini highlands and Adige plains, and therefore the strontium evidence does not show differening mobility patterns between Neanderthals and modern humans at the Fumane site.

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Ariani, Nofa Martina, i Sudharto P. Hadi. "Sistem Sosial Ekologi Masyarakat pada Kawasan Kota Baru Mandiri Bukit Semarang Baru (BSB)". JURNAL PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH & KOTA 12, nr 2 (29.12.2016): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/pwk.v12i2.12896.

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The spatial pattern of Semarang illustrate how the pattern that separates the production zone with consumption zone. Consumption zone is where we live, while the production zone is where we work, shop, school prayer, and recreation. The condition causes the townspeople have to commute (nglajo) every day from the residence to the production zone. Patterns of community life of the city brought in a mechanical rhythm of having to use a motor vehicle. Be they as a community-based automobile (Hadi, 2001: 100-101). The existence of these problems lead to the birth of the Self-reliant New Town BSB Semarang. Bukit Semarang Baru (BSB) as an Self-reliant New Town is an integrated spatial planning, where the provision of shelter is equipped with facilities meeting the needs which are within the scope of one area or also called mixed use zoning. To examine changes in activity and mobility of people in urban space integrated pattern which in this case is the Self-reliant New Town BSB then used a socio-ecological systems approach. Socio-ecological systems see the extent of the interaction between different systems. The link between humans and the environment is realized through a variety of physiological processes, psychological and cultural (Lawrence, 2003). The method used in this study is a mix methods with quantitative and qualitative approaches. A quantitative approach is used to analyze the activity and mobility patterns, and a qualitative approach to explain the socio-ecological system of the community. Results from this study that of the five regular activity performed, shopping activities and religious activities have high interaction, because most people have been doing the activity in the region, while for other activities such as the activity of work, school and activity in leisure time is still done in BSB outside the region. The use of public transport modes BSB still choose a long private vehicle.

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Oliveira, Erika Aparecida, Rebeca Louise de Araujo Brabosa, Wanderley José Mantovani Bittencourt, Laura Cristina Jardim Porto Pimenta, Luciano José Pereira, Elaine Maria Seles Dorneles i Ana Paula Peconick. "In silico selection of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS) and their receptors in humans". Research, Society and Development 11, nr 10 (7.08.2022): e452111032838. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i10.32838.

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Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are intracellular molecules released into the extracellular environment after injury. These are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and activate the innate immune system, triggering an inflammatory response. The most commonly studied DAMPs are S100 proteins, Thermal Shock Proteins (HSPs) and High Mobility Box Group 1 (HMGB1). Among the PRRs are the Toll-like Receptor (TLRs), the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGEs), Nod-like Receptor (NLRs) and the Absent Receptor in Melanoma 2 (AIM-2). DAMPs are intimately involved in the etiopathogenesis of chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, liver disease, heart disease and neurodegenerative diseases. It is very important to select molecular markers that enable the assembly of biological assays, with a view to elucidating the evaluation of the immune response. The present study evaluated different human DAMPs and their receptors in order to find molecular markers associated with diseases using bioinformatics tools. The screening of messenger RNA (mRNA) amino acid sequences was performed on the NCBI database using the nucleotide tool. Secondary mRNA prediction using RNAStructure and RNA foldWebServer software, epitope antigenicity prediction using the Immune Epitope Database Analysis Resource software and primer design using the Primer-BLAST Platform were evaluated. Considering the best predictions of secondary mRNA from receptors and DAMPs, 104 epitopes and 83 molecular marker candidates were predicted. The results presented are promising and could be used as immunomodulators or as diagnostic and prognostic platforms in various diseases.

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Barchiesi, Daniele, Tobias Preis, Steven Bishop i Helen Susannah Moat. "Modelling human mobility patterns using photographic data shared online". Royal Society Open Science 2, nr 8 (sierpień 2015): 150046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150046.

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Humans are inherently mobile creatures. The way we move around our environment has consequences for a wide range of problems, including the design of efficient transportation systems and the planning of urban areas. Here, we gather data about the position in space and time of about 16 000 individuals who uploaded geo-tagged images from locations within the UK to the Flickr photo-sharing website. Inspired by the theory of Lévy flights, which has previously been used to describe the statistical properties of human mobility, we design a machine learning algorithm to infer the probability of finding people in geographical locations and the probability of movement between pairs of locations. Our findings are in general agreement with official figures in the UK and on travel flows between pairs of major cities, suggesting that online data sources may be used to quantify and model large-scale human mobility patterns.

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Goude, Gwenaélle, Francesca Castorina, Estelle Herrscher, Sandrine Cabut i Mary Anne Tafuri. "First Strontium Isotope Evidence of Mobility in the Neolithic of Southern France". European Journal of Archaeology 15, nr 3 (2012): 421–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1461957112y.0000000017.

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This study presents the first 87Sr/ 86Sr isotope results obtained on Neolithic humans from Southern France. These analyses aimed at exploring patterns of mobility in the Languedoc and Garonne areas, at sites dated to the Middle Neolithic (c. 4500–3500 cal BC). Strontium isotope analysis of tooth enamel and bone are a useful geochemical tracer to investigate the origin and residential mobility of ancient people. Strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/ 86Sr) of material from five sites located in two geographic areas were measured. Results obtained do not support our hypothesis of mobility for a number of individuals considered as outsiders in a previous study. On the other hand, the difference recorded between teeth and bone suggests mobility of other individuals between childhood and the last years of adult life. This preliminary study highlights the importance of combining multi-isotope analysis to discuss human subsistence economy and mobility.

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Zhang, Qi, Hengshu Zhu, Peng Wang, Enhong Chen i Hui Xiong. "Hierarchical Wi-Fi Trajectory Embedding for Indoor User Mobility Pattern Analysis". Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7, nr 2 (12.06.2023): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3596237.

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The recent advances in smart building technologies have enabled us to collect massive Wi-Fi network based trajectory data, which provide an unparalleled opportunity for understanding the indoor user mobility pattern and enabling a wide range of business applications. While some previous studies have explored the Wi-Fi positioning of users, there still lacks a systematic and effective solution for indoor user mobility pattern analysis based on Wi-Fi trajectory data. To this end, in this paper, we propose a unified framework for modeling Wi-Fi trajectory data, namely HWTE, which can empower various tasks of indoor user mobility pattern analysis, such as user classification, next location prediction and schedule estimation. Specifically, we first propose a session trajectory construction module to extract the spatio-temporal semantic information from the Wi-Fi trajectories of users. Then, we devise a pre-training module to learn the unified representation of Wi-Fi trajectories. In particular, a session position embedding technique and a position query task is introduced to enhance the representation ability of the whole trajectory. Moreover, we further propose a hierarchical Transformer-based fine-tuning module to support various application tasks with time and space efficiency. Finally, we validate our framework on a real-world dataset with all three kinds of downstream tasks.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "MOBILITY PATTERN OF HUMANS"

Williams, Matthew James. "Periodic patterns in human mobility". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/56804/.

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The recent rise of services and networks that rely on human mobility has prompted the need for tools that detect our patterns of visits to locations and encounters with other individuals. The widespread popularity of location- and encounter-aware mobile phones has given us a wealth of empirical mobility data and enabled many novel applications that benefit from automated detection of an individual’s mobility patterns. This thesis explores the presence and character of periodic patterns in the visits and encounters of human individuals. Novel tools for extracting and analysing periodic mobility patterns are proposed and evaluated on real-world data. We investigate these patterns in a range of datasets, including visits to public transport stations on a metropolitan scale, university campus WLAN access point transitions, online location-sharing service checkins, and Bluetooth encounters among university students. The methods developed in this thesis are designed for decentralised implementation to enable their real-world deployment. Analysing an individual’s visit and encounter events is a challenging problem since the data are often highly sparse. In order to study visit patterns we propose a novel inter-event interval (IEI) analysis approach, which is inspired by neural coding techniques. The resulting measure, IEI-irregularity, quantifies the weekly periodic patterns of an individual’s visits to a location. To detect encounter patterns we propose and compare methods based on IEI analysis and periodic subgraph mining. In particular, we introduce the novel concept of a periodic encounter community; that is, a collection of individuals that share the same periodic encounter pattern. The decentralised algorithms we develop for periodic encounter community detection are of particular relevance to human-based opportunistic communication networks. We explore these communities in terms of their opportunistic content sharing performance. Our findings show that periodic patterns are a prominent feature of human mobility and that these patterns are algorithmically detectable.

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Yang, Yingxiang S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Understanding human mobility patterns from digital traces". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82863.

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Thesis (S.M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 93-102).
Our current digital age is characterized by the shift from traditional industry to an economy based on the information computerization. The sweeping changes brought about by digital computing have provided new data sources for transportation modeling. In this thesis, two mainstream trends in utilizing digital traces in transportation modeling are explored. The first approach is to incorporate mobile phone records and digital map point of interests into commuting flow prediction models such as the gravity model and the radiation model. An extension to the radiation model is proposed to adjust to the different degrees of homogeneity of opportunities when the scale of the study region changes. The density of the point of interests is a suitable proxy for commuting flow attraction rates at all the scales. Moreover, the parameter a in the extension to the radiation model is predictable given the size of the study region. When traditional data sources are not available, mobile phone records is shown to be an ideal alternative. Home and work locations can be inferred at individual level and then aggregated to show its equivalence to the census data. This method is applied to Rwanda, Dominican Republic and Portugal. The second approach is using low-frequency bus GPS records to evaluate transit service. The analysis under such data scarcity requires careful data handling. This thesis demonstrates that how the data pre-processing procedure, namely map-matching and kernel density estimation, step by step turns the raw GPS data into information for service evaluation. Bus service quality is analyzed by measuring statistics of headway and in-vehicle travel time. The headway analysis helps to identify bottlenecks caused by the road network layout and passenger volumes while the comparison of peak vs. off-peak hour travel speed helps to identify bottlenecks caused by traffic conditions. To sum up, the thesis explores new digital data sources and methods in transportation modeling. The purpose is to provide analysis procedures that are of lower costs, higher accuracy and are readily applicable to different countries in the world.
by Yingxiang Yang.
S.M.in Transportation

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Ji, Yan Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Understanding human mobility patterns through mobile phone records : a cross-cultural study". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66867.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-100).
In this thesis, I present a cross-cultural study on human's trip length distribution and how it might be influenced by regional socio-economic factors, such as population density, income and unemployment rate. Mobile phone records contain very detailed calling information of the spatiotemporal localization of hundreds of thousands of users, which can be used as proxies for human trips. The traveling behaviors of 24 autonomous regions in San Francisco (5 regions), Dominican Republic (3 regions) and a European country (16 regions) are studied through these rich mobile phone data sets. We found that people in different regions have very heterogeneous aggregate traveling patterns (trip length distribution) which can be generally grouped into four distinct families. The result of Self-organizing map shows that the trip length distribution has a certain degree of correlation to population density, which sparks our interests to conduct a thorough research on factors such as population density and income that can potentially influence the trip length distribution and human's traveling behavior. Using a double exponential function to fit the radius of gyration distribution (i.e. a proxy to the trip length distribution), we are able to characterize human's traveling behavior with four parameters. By applying principle component analysis, the parameter space is transformed orthogonally and two principal components which contribute most to the variance of sample set are extracted. We tempted to find the regression relationship between population density and each of the components. However, the R² is not enough high for estimation purposes. With the extensive information source regarding household income, median age, unemployment rate, we were able to conduct a multiple regression analysis in San Francisco Bay area. Using radius of gyration as regressand, population density, income, age, and unemployment rate as regressors, we found the R² is over 30%, which is sufficiently good for cross-sectional data analysis. Additionally, the significant estimated coefficients indicate that people living in wealthier and unpopulated areas tend to travel more frequently and make long distance trips. Furthermore, descriptive comments are provided for the connection between parameters in the fitting function and population density and income.
by Yan Ji.
S.M.

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Silva, Cristiano Martins. "Centralidade e mobilidade: uma análise do padrão de deslocamento dos pacientes atendidos pelo SUS em Goiás, 2010". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4618.

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The development of the Brazilian urban networks followed the social and economical development of the regions, which at the same time resulted in a differential pattern in the articulation of the same networks, verifying the functional specificities of the urban centers, the polarizing role of the same and the degree of internal and external articulation of each network. In the same way, the regional inequalities reflect in the inequalities of access to health services. In this way, to understand the possibilities of the access of the population of the state of Goiás to public health equipment becomes important disposing about the spatial distribution of the same, because as said by Levy (2002) mobility becomes an important social capital, thus as Villaça (1998) classifies the location in the same way. The spatialization of the health public equipments comes to reflect these differences, as far from the point of view of the resources destined to the municipalities, as the spatial organization of the structures. In this sense, the reflection proposed in this work is to understand the factors of dispersion and the concentration of health and service equipments in the state of Goiás. Especially, to examine about this offering and demand resulting from the aglutination in the core municipalities. For both, it is intended to analyze the behavior of the displacements originated from the hospitalization during the year of the research comparatively to the patient’s local residence and the municipality of hospitalization, intending to identify the flow used by the users of SUS (Unified Health System known as Sistema Único de Saúde). Furthermore, to identify and to analyse a pattern of mobility of the patients in search of hospital and ambulatory treatment. Simultaneously, as support of our analysis, we aim to identify the conditioning factors of the access to health services, as characterizing the users of SUS, having the mobility as fundamental dimension for the existence of a more fair access and equitative of the health services. By the established considerations along this master thesis, it was recognized an excessive concentration of health services offering specialized in few municipalities, with great highlight for Goiânia. This expressive concentration alerts for the risk that the resident population in vast areas of the state needy of these services have major difficulties of access to more complex procedures in the necessary cases.
O desenvolvimento das redes urbanas brasileiras acompanhou o desenvolvimento socioeconômico das regiões, o que concomitantemente resultou em um padrão diferencial na articulação das mesmas, verificando as especificidades funcionais dos centros urbanos, o papel polarizador dos mesmos e o grau de articulação interna e externa de cada rede. De maneira homóloga, as desigualdades regionais se refletem nas desigualdades de acesso aos serviços de saúde na rede SUS. Desta forma, para compreender as possibilidades de acesso da população de Goiás aos equipamentos de saúde pública, torna-se importante dispor da distribuição espacial dos mesmos, pois como já afirmou Levy (2002) à mobilidade torna-se um importante capital social, assim como Villaça (1998) classifica a localização da mesma forma. A espacialização dos equipamentos de saúde pública vem a refletir tais disparidades, tanto do ponto de vista dos recursos destinados aos municípios, como da organização espacial das estruturas. Nesse sentido, a reflexão proposta neste trabalho é compreender os fatores da dispersão e a concentração dos equipamentos e serviço de saúde no estado de Goiás. Sobretudo, examinar a respeito dessa oferta e demanda resultantes da aglutinação nos municípios polos. Para tanto, pretende-se analisar o comportamento dos deslocamentos originados pelas internações hospitalares no decorrer do ano da pesquisa comparativamente ao local de residência do paciente e o município de internação, visando identificar o fluxo utilizado pelos usuários do SUS. Ademais, identificar e traçar um padrão de mobilidade dos pacientes em busca de atendimento hospitalar e ambulatorial. Simultaneamente, como suporte desta análise, identificar os fatores condicionantes do acesso aos serviços de saúde, bem como caracterizar os usuários do SUS, tendo a mobilidade como dimensão fundamental para a existência de um acesso mais justo e equitativo dos serviços de saúde. A partir das considerações estabelecidas ao longo desta dissertação, reconheceu-se que uma excessiva concentração da oferta de serviços de saúde especializados em poucos municípios, com grande destaque para Goiânia. Essa expressiva concentração alerta para o risco de que a população residente em vastas áreas do estado desprovidas desses serviços tenha maiores dificuldades de acesso a procedimentos mais complexos nos casos necessários.

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Li, Chen. "Automatic extraction of behavioral patterns for elderly mobility and daily routine analysis". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2018. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/510.

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The elderly living in smart homes can have their daily movement recorded and analyzed. Given the fact that different elders can have their own living habits, a methodology that can automatically identify their daily activities and discover their daily routines will be useful for better elderly care and support. In this thesis research, we focus on developing data mining algorithms for automatic detection of behavioral patterns from the trajectory data of an individual for activity identification, daily routine discovery, and activity prediction. The key challenges for the human activity analysis include the need to consider longer-range dependency of the sensor triggering events for activity modeling and to capture the spatio-temporal variations of the behavioral patterns exhibited by human. We propose to represent the trajectory data using a behavior-aware flow graph which is a probabilistic finite state automaton with its nodes and edges attributed with some local behavior-aware features. Subflows can then be extracted from the flow graph using the kernel k-means as the underlying behavioral patterns for activity identification. Given the identified activities, we propose a novel nominal matrix factorization method under a Bayesian framework with Lasso to extract highly interpretable daily routines. To better take care of the variations of activity durations within each daily routine, we further extend the Bayesian framework with a Markov jump process as the prior to incorporate the shift-invariant property into the model. For empirical evaluation, the proposed methodologies have been compared with a number of existing activity identification and daily routine discovery methods based on both synthetic and publicly available real smart home data sets with promising results obtained. In the thesis, we also illustrate how the proposed unsupervised methodology could be used to support exploratory behavior analysis for elderly care.

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Tanawongsuwan, Rawesak. "Impact of speed variations in gait recognition". Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04072004-180217/unrestricted/tanawongsuwan%5Frawesak%5F200312%5Fphd.pdf.

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Samal, Savyasachi. "Mobility Pattern Aware Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34984.

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A mobile ad hoc network is a collection of wireless nodes, all of which may be mobile, that dynamically create a wireless network amongst them without using any infrastructure. Ad hoc wireless networks come into being solely by peer-to-peer interactions among their constituent mobile nodes, and it is only such interactions that are used to provide the necessary control and administrative functions supporting such networks. Mobile hosts are no longer just end systems; each node must be able to function as a router as well to relay packets generated by other nodes. As the nodes move in and out of range with respect to other nodes, including those that are operating as routers, the resulting topology changes must somehow be communicated to all other nodes as appropriate. In accommodating the communication needs of the user applications, the limited bandwidth of wireless channels and their generally hostile transmission characteristics impose additional constraints on how much administrative and control information may be exchanged, and how often. Ensuring effective routing is one of the greatest challenges for ad hoc networking. As a practice, ad hoc routing protocols make routing decisions based on individual node mobility even for applications such as disaster recovery, battlefield combat, conference room interactions, and collaborative computing etc. that are shown to follow a pattern. In this thesis we propose an algorithm that performs routing based on underlying mobility patterns. A mobility pattern aware routing algorithm is shown to have several distinct advantages such as: a more precise view of the entire network topology as the nodes move; a more precise view of the location of the individual nodes; ability to predict with reasonably accuracy the future locations of nodes; ability to switch over to an alternate route before a link is disrupted due to node movements.
Master of Science

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Wahlund, Thomas. "Emotional resilience in humans as an effect of hippocampal pattern separation". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19925.

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Pattern separation is the means by which the brain discriminates similar experiences. It enables retrieval of individuated memories without confusing them with other memories. It is the reason one remembers where one parked the car today and does not mix it up with where one parked it previously. Adult neurogenesis refers to the ongoing production of neurons in the mature brain. One of the likely roles of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus is facilitating pattern separation. Induced reduction of adult neurogenesis in non-human animals is associated with depression- and anxiety-like behaviors. One possible explanation is that reduced neurogenesis leads to reduced pattern separation, further leading to overgeneralization of threat situations. Instead of perceiving threats where it should, the animal risks perceiving threats everywhere. Emotional resilience is the ability to recover from adversity with a minimum of lingering negative effects such as depression or anxiety. This thesis investigates whether pattern separation in the human hippocampus supports emotional resilience. I performed a systematic review of studies that used the Mnemonic Similarity Task – a memory task commonly used to measure human pattern separation – to investigate the relationship between pattern separation and anxiety. The results are inconclusive but suggest a possible interaction effect whereby pattern separation and high-arousal states like stress predict anxiety. Together with the evidence from the non-human animal studies, this suggests that reduced pattern separation as caused by reduced neurogenesis could make one vulnerable to developing anxiety disorders.

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Zalaite, Indre. "Exploring chalcolithic diet and mobility of humans and animals from Perdigões site". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/20586.

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Chalcolithic diet at Perdigões (Reguengos de Monsaraz) was investigated using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of human bone collagen. Strontium isotopes of faunal dental enamel were used to establish the site local range and to distinguish the presence of non-local individuals. ATR-FTIR and EA analysis were used to determine the degree of bone diagenesis and to evaluate the reliability of the stable isotopic composition for paleodietary reconstruction. The individuals from which paleodietary results were obtained had a diet based on C3 terrestrial resources and some animal protein. Data from Perdigões site, was compared with the published data from other Iberian Chalcolithic populations. Site comparison revealed that diet through Iberian Peninsula have mainly maintained terrestrial dietary focus consistent with animal husbandry and farming on C3 plants with occasional intake of freshwater or marine resources. Strontium isotopic composition of enamel revealed that some of the individuals from Perdigões site were non-local; Resumo: A dieta de indivíduos do período Calcolítico dos Perdigões (Reguengos de Monsaraz) foi investigada através de análise de isótopos estáveis de carbono e azoto no colagénio ósseo. Isótopos de estrôncio do esmalte dentário de fauna foram utilizados para estabelecer o sinal local dos Perdigões, permitindo distinguir a presença de alguns indivíduos e fauna não-locais. A avaliação da diagénese óssea foi efectuada através de análises realizadas com analisador elementar e com ATR-FTIR, de forma a validar dos resultados isotópicos obtidos. Os indivíduos para os quais foi possivel obter resultados isotópicos de carbono e azoto apresentam uma dieta baseada em recursos terrestres, plantas C3, e alguma proteína animal. A comparação efectuada com outros sitios arqueológicos da Peninsula Ibérica revelaram que a dieta das populações é sobretudo feita à base de plantas C3, com ingestão de alguma proteina animal e ingestão ocasional de produtos marinhos ou provenientes de água doce.

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LACERDA, Thiago de Barros. "Supporting real-time mobility services with scalable flock pattern mining". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18700.

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Pattern mining in spatio-temporal datasets is a really relevant subject in the academia and the industry nowadays, due to its wide applicability in helping to solve real-world problems. Many of them can be found in the context of Smart Cities, like Traffic Management, Surveillance and Security and City Planning, to name a few. Among the various spatio-temporal patterns that one can extract from a spatio-temporal dataset, the flock pattern is one that has gained a lot of attention, because of its intrinsic relation with the aforementioned problems. A lot of work has been done in the academia, in order to provide algorithms able to identify the flock pattern. However, none of them could perform that task efficiently nor be able to scale well when a large dataset was the analysis target. Additionally, we found that there was no system architecture proposal that could be simple and modular enough to be used in that spatio-temporal pattern detection problem. Given that context, this dissertation proposes a modular system archicture designed to help solving flock pattern mining problems and possibly be reused to other spatio-temporal mining experiments. We then use such architecture as the infrastructure to implement an efficient flock detection algorithm, aiming at achieving considerable gains in execution time without compromising accuracy, thus targeting real-time deployment and on-line processing in Smart Cities. Last, but not least, we remodel our algorithm in order to take advantage of multi-core architectures present in modern computers. Our results indicate that our proposal outperforms the current state-of-the-art techniques, by achieving 99% CPU time improvement. Moreover, with our multi-thread model, we were able to reduce the processing time of our proposed algorithm by 96% in some cases. We prove the efficiency of our solution by performing evaluation with both real and synthetic large datasets.
Detecção de padrões em dados espaço-temporais tem se mostrado um tema de muita relevância nos dias atuais, tanto na academia quanto na indústria, devido a sua vasta aplicabilidade em auxiliar a solucionar problemas enfrentados na sociedade. Muitos desses problemas podem ser classificados no conexto de Cidades Inteligentes (Smart Cities), como Gerenciamento de Tráfego, Segurança e Planejamento de Cidades. Dentre os vários padrões espaço-temporais que podem ser extraídos de uma base de dados, o padrão de flock é um que vem atraindo muita atenção, devido a sua relação intrínseca com os problemas mencionados anteriormente. Muitas pesquisas vêm sendo feitas na academia, visando desenvolver algoritmos capazes de identificar esse padrão de movimentação. Porém, nenhum deles foi capaz de executar tal tarefa eficientemente, nem conseguiu escalar de maneira aceitável quando uma base de dados de grande tamanho foi analisada. Além disso, não foi encontrado nos trabalhos relacionados uma arquitetura de software que conseguisse ser simples e modular o suficiente para ser usada no problema de detecção de padrões de flock em dados espaço-temporais. Com isso em mente, essa dissertação propõe uma arquitetura de software modular, direcionada para solucionar problemas de detecção desse padrão e possivelmente ser utilizada para outros experimentos envolvendo mineração de padrões em dados espaço-temporais. Tal arquitetura foi então usada como base na implementação de um algoritmo de detecção de flock, focando em alcançar grandes ganhos em tempo de processamento, sem comprometer a precisão, visando então cenários de aplicações de tempo real em Cidades Inteligentes. No fim, nós propomos uma remodelagem no nosso algoritmo para poder utilizar ao máximo o poder de processamento oferecido pelas arquiteturas multi-core dos processadores modernos. Nossos resultados mostraram que nossa solução conseguiu superar propostas do estado da arte, alcançando 99% de redução no tempo de processamento total. Além disso, nossa remodelagem multi-thread conseguiu melhorar os resultados da nossa solução em até 96% em alguns casos. A eficiência e performance da nossa proposta foi comprovada com avaliações feitas com bases de dados geradas sinteticamente e coletadas em experimentos reais.

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Książki na temat "MOBILITY PATTERN OF HUMANS"

Jukka, Springare, i SpringerLink (Online service), red. Haptics: Perception, Devices, Mobility, and Communication: International Conference, EuroHaptics 2012, Tampere, Finland, June 13-15, 2012 Proceedings, Part II. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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Jukka, Springare, i SpringerLink (Online service), red. Haptics: Perception, Devices, Mobility, and Communication: International Conference, EuroHaptics 2012, Tampere, Finland, June 13-15, 2012. Proceedings, Part I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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C, Schwab Eileen, i Nusbaum Howard C, red. Pattern recognition by humans and machines. Orlando, Fla: Academic Press, 1986.

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lil-Iḥṣāʼ, Kuwait Idārah al-Markazīyah, red. The Changing pattern of migration in Kuwait. Kuwait: Central Statistical Office, 1987.

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H, Barnard, Wendrich Willemina i Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at UCLA., red. The archaeology of mobility: Old world and new world nomadism. Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute Of Archaeology, University Of California, 2008.

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Gallinaro, Marina. Mobility and pastoralism in the Egyptian Western Desert: Steinplätze in the Holocene regional settlement patterns. Sesto Fiorentino (FI): All'insegna del giglio, 2018.

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Moeslund, Thomas B. Visual Analysis of Humans: Looking at People. London: Springer-Verlag London Limited, 2011.

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Preston, Paul Richard, 1974- editor of compilation i Schörle, Katia, editor of compilation, red. Mobility, transition and change in prehistory and classical antiquity: Proceedings of the Graduate Archaeology Organisation Conference on the fourth and fifth of April 2008 at Hertford College, Oxford, UK. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2013.

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Chui, Ernest Wing-tak. Social mobilization amidst social political turbulence: Pattern of social conflict in Hong Kong in the period 1980 to 1991. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999.

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lil-Iḥṣāʼ, Kuwait Idārah al-Markazīyah, red. Migration and non-national labour in G.C.C. countries: An analysis of trends, pattern of employment, and problems. Kuwait: Central Statistical Office, 1987.

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Części książek na temat "MOBILITY PATTERN OF HUMANS"

Khoroshevsky, Faina, i Boaz Lerner. "Human Mobility-Pattern Discovery and Next-Place Prediction from GPS Data". W Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 24–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59259-6_3.

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Adhya, Anirban, i Philip D. Plowright. "Mobility". W Urban Design Made by Humans, 104–7. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003254935-34.

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Adhya, Anirban, i Philip D. Plowright. "Pattern". W Urban Design Made by Humans, 66–69. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003254935-22.

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Feasel, Kevin. "Humans Are Pattern Matchers". W Finding Ghosts in Your Data, 23–41. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-8870-2_2.

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Sassone, Susana María. "Latin American Migration, Residential Patterns, and Social Cohesion in Argentina Cities". W Global Change and Human Mobility, 95–113. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0050-8_6.

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O’Toole, Alice, i Massimo Tistarelli. "Face Recognition in Humans and Machines". W Advances in Pattern Recognition, 111–53. London: Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-385-3_5.

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Godenau, Dirk, i Ana López-Sala. "Migration and Borders: Empirical Patterns and Theoretical Implications in the Case of Spain". W Global Change and Human Mobility, 37–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0050-8_3.

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Niu, Hongting, Junming Liu, Yanjie Fu, Yanchi Liu i Bo Lang. "Exploiting Human Mobility Patterns for Gas Station Site Selection". W Database Systems for Advanced Applications, 242–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32025-0_16.

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Dovidio, John F., i Steve L. Ellyson. "Pattern of Visual Dominance Behavior in Humans". W Power, Dominance, and Nonverbal Behavior, 129–49. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5106-4_7.

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Singh, Ravinder, Yanchun Zhang i Hua Wang. "Exploring Human Mobility Patterns in Melbourne Using Social Media Data". W Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 328–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92013-9_28.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "MOBILITY PATTERN OF HUMANS"

Wu, Shangbin, Xu Yan, Xiaoliang Fan, Shirui Pan, Shichao Zhu, Chuanpan Zheng, Ming Cheng i Cheng Wang. "Multi-Graph Fusion Networks for Urban Region Embedding". W Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/321.

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Learning the embeddings for urban regions from human mobility data can reveal the functionality of regions, and then enables the correlated but distinct tasks such as crime prediction. Human mobility data contains rich but abundant information, which yields to the comprehensive region embeddings for cross domain tasks. In this paper, we propose multi-graph fusion networks (MGFN) to enable the cross domain prediction tasks. First, we integrate the graphs with spatio-temporal similarity as mobility patterns through a mobility graph fusion module. Then, in the mobility pattern joint learning module, we design the multi-level cross-attention mechanism to learn the comprehensive embeddings from multiple mobility patterns based on intra-pattern and inter-pattern messages. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments on real-world urban datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed MGFN outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by up to 12.35% improvement. https://github.com/wushangbin/MGFN

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Yang, Yang, Bowen Du i Xiao Jiang. "A Human Trajectory Estimate Based on Individual Mobility Pattern Library". W 2013 IEEE International Conference on Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Internet of Things(iThings) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing(CPSCom). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/greencom-ithings-cpscom.2013.205.

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"Deriving Basic Law of Human Mobility using Community - Contributed Multimedia Data". W International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004256405430546.

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Shemetev, Aleksandr, Marek Feurich i Helena Mitwallyová. "Regional disparities in Covid and mobility in the Czech Republic (with patterns for employment)". W XXIV. mezinárodního kolokvia o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9896-2021-25.

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The research question is if an increase in pandemics corresponds with significant changes in mobility (supported by the public stay-at-home orders and willing decrease of movements) by the spheres of economic activities (parks (leisure time spending), grocery stores, workplaces, pharmacies, transportation stations, retail, recreation, and home) in the Czech Republic. The additional research question is if this pattern correlates with a high decrease in salaries and employment. This paper aims to answer these research questions. This research applies the graphical analysis and fixed-effects regression methods for high-frequency data for answering these questions. The main result is that an increase in the number of infected people significantly decreases human mobility and increases their visits to pharmacies and staying at homes. At the same time, the government support measures can be effective, because there is no huge drop in salaries and employment in the Czech Regions. This pattern contradicts the expectations based on the US patterns. The output of the regression analysis is that 2-5 thousand new infections a day can paralyze mobility in the entire region.

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Lee, Junyeop, Sun-Kyum Kim, Jinhee Jo, Ji-Hyun Yoon i Sung-Bong Yang. "Short paper: A human mobility pattern-based routing protocol for delay tolerant networks". W 2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wf-iot.2014.6803146.

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Ayu, Vittalis. "Revisiting Mobile Crowdsensing: An Open Challenge". W 3rd International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2021). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.111509.

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Mobile crowdsensing has become a new paradigm that enables citizens to participate in the sensing process by voluntarily gathering data from their smartphones to accomplish some given task. However, performing the sensing task generate lots of data resulting in various quality of the sensed data and high sensing cost in term of resource consumption. This matter became a significant concern in mobile crowdsensing as the mobile nodes which act as crowd sensors have limited resources. Moreover, an opportunistic mobile crowdsensing mechanism does not require user involvement, so the data collection process must be autonomous and intelligent to sense the data in the proper context. That is why context-awareness is also essential in opportunistic crowdsensing to maintain the sensed data quality. In this mini-review, we revisit the possibility of enhancing the mobile crowdsensing mechanism. We argue that improving the data collection process, including context-awareness, can optimize in-node data availability and sensed data quality. Besides, we also argue that finding optimization on inter-node data exchange mechanisms will increase the quality of the in-node data. Furthermore, smartphones that are related to humans as their owners reflect humans' physical and social behavior. We believe that considering contexts such as human social relationships and human mobility patterns can benefit the optimization strategies.

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Choi-Rokas, Hyegjoo, Edward Hennessy, Stephanie Brown i Linda Desimone. "Assessment of Commercial Off the Shelf (COTS) Sports Brassieres for the U.S. Army Tactical Brassiere (ATB) Program". W 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001910.

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In an effort to develop a U.S. Army tactical brassiere (ATB), a three-step study was designed and executed. Commercial off the shelf (COTS) sports brassieres were assessed to investigate the effects of different design features on fit, mobility (i.e., breast support, interference), and comfort (subjective rating) relative to the wearer’s anthropometric characteristics (Step 1). Based on the results from the first step of the study, an ATB sizing system was developed (Step 2). Then, the fit model was selected and the accommodation envelope was constructed to develop the brassiere pattern per size based on the ATB sizing system (Step 3). The current study summarizes the results of the first step of the study and includes the relationship between overall coverage, design features, anthropometric characteristics, and their pros and cons as they relate to Soldier mobility.A total of 19 test participants (TPs) volunteered. Data collection sessions were executed following COVID restriction guidelines. Seven configurations (six COTS brassieres and U.S. Army standard issue brassiere as a baseline) were assessed and compared to each other. The six COTS configurations were a combination of three brassiere cup designs (compression, encapsulation and hybrid (more than 1 configuration of cup design)) and two strap designs (straight and racer back). To capture the anthropometric characteristics, a total of 24 traditional dimensions were measured and seven derived dimensions were computed from traditional dimensions. Four additional dimensions were extracted from three-dimensional scan images captured by a Cyberware 3D whole-body scanner. For the mobility assessments, six tasks (Extend and Flex, The Rower, Windmill, Quadraplex, Mountain Climber, and High Jumper) were selected from an Army physical training guide. TPs’ subjective ratings (5-point Likert scale) for support, discomfort and interference on each mobility task were collected upon completion of each task for each test configuration. At the end of the mobility session, TPs provided overall ratings on the attributes of the test configuration. Once data collection on all seven configurations were completed, TPs ranked all test configurations, including their own personal preferred sport brassiere. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA along with Scheffé tests was performed on all applicable anthropometric dimensions. Correlation analyses between anthropometric dimensions and subjective ratings on mobility tasks were conducted to investigate the relationship between design features and mobility. Descriptive statistics, as well as graphical visualization, were produced to compare subjective ratings on mobility tasks between configurations. In all, different brassiere designs had an effect on all compared anthropometric measurements. Each configuration showed distinctive anthropometric characteristics, and those anthropometric differences were often correlated with TPs’ subjective ratings on discomfort and breast support. A detailed investigation for the metrics as well as the comparison of results are further discussed in this paper.

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Kim, Jisun, Henrietta Howarth, Joy Richardson i John Preston. "User-centred generation of early-concept Mobility-as-a-Service interface designs aimed at promoting greener travel". W Intelligent Human Systems Integration (IHSI 2023) Integrating People and Intelligent Systems. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002884.

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With the increasing focus on sustainable travel, there is a particular need for easier journey planning that connects people in areas of current high car dependency with employment and other activities using greener transport modes. Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS), which may be accessed from a mobile application (app), allows integration of various transport modes along with booking and payment functions into a single mobility service. Careful consideration of a MaaS app interface design is required for it to encourage active and sustainable travel amongst users. This study applied the Design with Intent tool with the aim of generating novel MaaS interface design concepts to support and encourage sustainable journeys in five design workshops involving 23 participants. Participants used 22 design cards each showing a design pattern and applied example from another field as inspiration. They worked in groups to discuss a range of MaaS design ideas that may encourage more frequent use of public transport and active travel. General topics discussed within the workshops included design ideas for: providing relevant information that assists easy and efficient journey planning and execution relating to the use of sustainable travel; promoting achievement of goals and pursuit of value; helping habit formation through positive reinforcement; and enabling personalisation of information to better suit users’ specific needs in travel. Further work is needed to determine which of the resulting design ideas could be implemented within a MaaS app.

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Teixeira, Douglas do Couto, i Jussara M. Almeida. "An Empirical Study of Human Mobility Patterns". W Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbrc.2018.2411.

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This paper documents our efforts towards understanding which factors are more relevant in human mobility prediction. Our work is divided into two phases. First, we characterize a dataset consisting of more than 200,000 user check-ins in the Foursquare social network, inferring important patterns in human mobility. Second, we use factorial design to quantify the importance of several types of contextual information in human mobility prediction. Our results show that the proximity of the users possible next check-in to his or her home and work location are the most important factors (among the ones we analyzed) to be used by mobility prediction models.

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Kanaya, T., A. Hiromori, H. Yamaguchi i T. Higashino. "HumanS: A Human Mobility Sensing Simulator". W 2012 5th International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security (NTMS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ntms.2012.6208740.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "MOBILITY PATTERN OF HUMANS"

Razdan, Rahul. Unsettled Topics Concerning Human and Autonomous Vehicle Interaction. SAE International, grudzień 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2020025.

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This report examines the current interaction points between humans and autonomous systems, with a particular focus on advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), the requirements for human-machine interfaces as imposed by human perception, and finally, the progress being made to close the gap. Autonomous technology has the potential to benefit personal transportation, last-mile delivery, logistics, and many other mobility applications enormously. In many of these applications, the mobility infrastructure is a shared resource in which all the players must cooperate. In fact, the driving task has been described as a “tango” where we—as humans—cooperate naturally to enable a robust transportation system. Can autonomous systems participate in this tango? Does that even make sense? And if so, how do we make it happen?

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Brigham, William E., Anthony R. Kovscek i Yuandong Wang. A Study of the Effect of Mobility Ratios on Pattern Displacement Behavior and Steamlines to Infer Permeability Media, SUPRI TR-115. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/9327.

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Fernández de la Reguera Ahedo, Alethia. Working paper PUEAA No. 17. Asylum seeking African families in transit through Mexico: between border controls and international protection. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa Universitario de Estudios sobre Asia y África, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/pueaa.002r.2023.

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African migrants in Mexico are migratory flows that have been less studied than migration from Latin America (Cinta Cruz, 2020). In the last five years, migrants from 35 different African countries were detained in Mexico. Although arrests of African persons are much lower than in the case of Central American countries, on average, between 6 and 19 African persons are detained per day. It is essential to know their mobility patterns, identify their international protection needs, and the main obstacles they face, whether to cross into the United States or to remain in Mexico as refugees (Narváez Gutiérrez, 2015). In addition, these populations are often highly stigmatized and exposed to face racism and institutional violence when they contact Mexican authorities (Immigration, 2021). In this working paper, my objective is to present some data on the migration of African people in Mexico after the arrival of caravans in 2018 and to reflect on the impact of a global discourse that stereotypes migrants as criminals or sick people in the access to human rights of African asylum seekers in Mexico and on the effects of a growing tendency to treat migrants as beneficiaries of temporary humanitarian aid rather than as subjects of rights.

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Aromi, J. Daniel, María Paula Bonel, Julián Cristia, Martín Llada i Luis Palomino. Socioeconomic Status and Mobility during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Eight Large Latin American Cities. Inter-American Development Bank, czerwiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003315.

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This study analyzes mobility patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic for eight large Latin American cities. Indicators of mobility by socioeconomic status (SES) are generated by combining georeferenced mobile phone information with granular census data. Before the pandemic, a strong positive association between SES and mobility is documented. With the arrival of the pandemic, in most cases, a negative association between mobility and SES emerges. This new pattern is explained by a notably stronger reduction in mobility by high-SES individuals. A comparison of mobility for SES decile 1 vs decile 10 shows that, on average, the reduction is 75% larger in the case of decile 10. According to estimated lasso models, an indicator of government restrictions provides a parsimonious description of these heterogeneous responses. These estimations point to noticeable similarities in the patterns observed across cities. We also explore how the median distance traveled changed for individuals that travel at least 1 km (the intensive margin). We find that the reduction in mobility in this indicator was larger for high-SES individuals compared to low-SES individuals in six out of eight cities analyzed. The evidence is consistent with asymmetries in the feasibility of working from home and in the ability to smooth consumption under temporary income shocks.

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Chalmers, Seth. Reducing Human Driver Error and Setting Realistic Expectations with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, lipiec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2023016.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Thousands die or are injured each year in automobile crashes. Reducing the number of these tragedies requires reframing our approach to vehicle- and human-based transportation mobility and depends on whether the mobility industry and individual human drivers take a more aggressive approach to saving lives and preventing injuries. Bringing automated driving systems technologies into the advanced driver assist systems (ADAS) and connected vehicle space will help humans drive more safely and better prepare us for automated vehicles (AVs). </div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>Reducing Human Driver Error and Setting Realistic Expectations with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems</b> discusses the recent Partnership for Analytics Research in Traffic Safety report which shows that ADAS can indeed work. The path forward requires combining ADAS and ADS implementation with infrastructure engineering, law enforcement, education, emergency response, and public policy, with the goal of reaching zero deaths and serious injuries. It also requires fully embracing the US Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration’s Safe System approach, backed by the addition of public policies that incorporate and expand ADAS’s role in achieving that safe system.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank">Click here to access the full SAE EDGE</a><sup>TM</sup><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"> Research Report portfolio.</a></div></div>

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Savedoff, William D., Laura Goyeneche, Luis Alberto Soler, Pedro Bernal, Mariángela Chávez, Jaime Cardona i Luis Tejerina. Disruption and Rebound: Healthcare and Telemedicine in Colombia during the COVID-19 Pandemic for Chronic Care Patients. Inter-American Development Bank, maj 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004865.

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The COVID-19 pandemic led to declines in in-person consultations and substantial increases in telemedicine use in many countries. This paper investigates whether this pattern occurred in Colombia using data for people with particular health conditions prior to the pandemic (rheumatoid arthritis, hemophilia, chronic kidney disease, HIV, and cancer). The study shows that healthcare utilization by people in Colombia with these conditions dropped significantly during the first months of the pandemic relative to the average of the previous two years. However, by the end of 2020, the rate of healthcare utilization had almost reached pre-pandemic levels. While the number of services fell for people in both the contributive and subsidized scheme, the share of people who had any contacts with healthcare providers each month declined substantially for those in the subsidized scheme and by a statistically insignificant amount for those in the contributive scheme. Declines in utilization and contacts for in-person consultations were partially offset by the increased use of telemedicine services which accounted for almost one-fifth of healthcare contacts by December 2020. Of the main explanations for healthcare disruptions, the diversion of healthcare resources to treat COVID-19 patients does not seem to have been as significant as changes in social mobility and government lockdown policies. These findings have a variety of implications for public policy, including: the need to address the causes of healthcare utilization declines among individuals in the subsidized scheme; the importance of incorporating better social communication and adjustments to lockdown policies when planning for future health emergencies; the value of expanding telemedicine, not only during emergencies but also during normal times; and the potential benefits from improving the quality and availability of administrative data so that future research can contribute more effectively to policies that promote greater equity and effectiveness in Colombian healthcare services.

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