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Escorihuela, Maria José. "Estimation de l'humidité du sol à partir de données radiométriques en bande-L : préparation de la mission SMOS". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7541/1/escorihuela1.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaKhazâal, Ali. "Reconstruction d'images pour la mission spatiale SMOS". Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/917/.
Pełny tekst źródłaSynthetic aperture imaging radiometers are powerful sensors for high-resolution observations of the Earth at low microwave frequencies. Within this context, the European Space Agency is currently developing the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission devoted to the monitoring of SMOS at global scale from L-band space-borne radiometric observations obtained with a 2-D interferometer. This PhD is concerned with the reconstruction of radiometric brightness temperature maps from interferometric measurements through a regularization approach called Band Limited Regularization. More exactly, it concerns with the reduction of the systematic error (or bias) in the reconstruction of radiometric brightness temperature maps from SMOS interferometric measurements. It also extends the concept of "band-limited regularization approach" to the case of the processing of dual and full polarimetric data. Also, two problems that may affect the quality of the reconstruction are investigated. First, the impact of correlators and receivers failures on the reconstruction process is studied. Then, the calibration of MIRAS antenna's voltage patterns, when the instrument is in orbit, is also studied where a general approach is proposed to estimate this antenna's patterns
Leroux, Delphine. "Analyses statistiques et modèles d'inversion pour la validation des données d'humidité des sols de la mission SMOS". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00776536.
Pełny tekst źródłaEscorihuela, Maria Jose. "Estimation de l'humidité du sol à partir de données radiométriques en bande-L: préparation de la mission SMOS". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00168766.
Pełny tekst źródłaEscorihuela, Maria José Kerr Yann. "Estimation de l'humidité du sol à partir de données radiométriques en bande-L préparation de la mission SMOS /". Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2007. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000419.
Pełny tekst źródłaGabarró, Prats Carolina. "Study of salinity retrieval errors for the SMOS mission". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6390.
Pełny tekst źródłaLa sensibilitat de la temperatura de brillantor (el què el radiòmetre mesura) a la salinitat és màxima a la freqüència de 1.4GHz, encara que aquesta no és gaire gran. Per altra banda la sensibilitat a la temperatura superficial del mar i a la rugositat és del mateix ordre de magnitud. Això implica que per tal de recuperar la salinitat amb una certa precisió, cal també conèixer aquests altres paràmetres anomenats auxiliars.
La recerca feta en aquesta tesi esta gairebé tota basada en dades experimentals de diferents campanyes que s'han realitzat utilitzant diferents radiòmetres en banda L, més boies i altres instruments per mesurar les variables in situ.
S'ha fet un estudi sobre els diferents models d'emissivitat que hi ha a l'actualitat. Aquests models tant teòrics com semi-empírics, s'han utilitzat per recuperar la salinitat de la temperatura de brillantor mesurada. Aquesta salinitat recuperada s'ha comparat amb les dades de salinitat adquirides in situ. Els resultats han demostrat que els models semi-empírics recuperen millor la salinitat que no pas els teòrics que s'han analitzat en aquest treball.
Els models actuals descriuen la rugositat del mar en funció únicament del vent actual. En alguns casos això no és correcte (mar de fons, mars no desenvolupats totalment). Així analitzant aquestes limitacions, l'autora proposa un nou model semi-empíric, derivat de dades de la campanya WISE. Aquest model descriu la temperatura de brillantor deguda a la rugositat del mar amb dos paràmetres: la velocitat del vent i l'alçada significativa de l'ona. Aquest nou model resulta ser el que recupera salinitat amb més qualitat a partir de dades radiomètriques de tres campanyes diferents, que s'han realitzat amb diferents instruments i en diferents condicions del mar.
Errors en els paràmetres auxiliars introdueixen força error en la salinitat recuperada, especialment els errors en la velocitat del vent. En aquesta tesi, diferents fonts de vent i onatge s'han utilitzat per recuperar la salinitat: models meteorològics i oceanogràfics i dades de satèl·lit. Utilitzant com a paràmetres auxiliars dades obtingudes de models la salinitat es recupera amb millor qualitat (probablement, perquè aquests tenen més ressolució espaial i temporal que no pas les mesures des de satèl·lit). De totes maneres aquesta conclusió no es pot extrapolar, ja que això només s'ha provat en una zona geogràfica (la Mediterrània occidental).
L'autora proposa obtenir aquests paràmetres auxiliars de les mateixes mesures radiomètriques, així com es fa amb la salinitat. Degut a la configuració de SMOS, cada pixel serà vist des de diferents angles d'incidència. Això ens permetrà poder recuperar més d'una variable, ja que estem tractant un sistema sobredeterminat. Així doncs el mètode d'inversió és capaç de recuperar salinitat, velocitat del vent, onatge i la temperatura superficial del mar. Ara bé, quan utilitzem mètodes d'inversió amb restriccions s'obtenen millors resultats. Així doncs, cal donar al sistema un valor de referència per cada paràmetre i el seu error. Amb aquest mètode l'error en la salinitat recuperada és de l'ordre de 0.2 psu mentre que el vent recuperat té un error d'aproximat de 1 m/s, precisió que no és possible obtenir amb cap model ni satèl·lit, simultani al pas de SMOS.
Grizard, Bernard. "Le defi de l'urbanisation en Afrique et ses implications missionnaires". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.
Pełny tekst źródłaSinha, Prashant. "The SLS-2 mission : effects of spaceflight on static ocular counterrolling". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39068.
Pełny tekst źródłaIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 47-48).
by Prashant Sinha.
M.Eng.
Zorn, Jean-François. "Le grand siècle d'une mission protestante : l'action, la pensée et l'organisation de la Société des Missions évangéliques de Paris de ses origines (1822) à la première guerre mondiale". Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040043.
Pełny tekst źródłaAfter the Berlin African Conference (1884-85) that legitimized the colonial entreprise and the Christian missionary undertaking,the Paris Evangelical Missionary Society (PEMS) saw its sphere of activity considerably widened. .
Pablos, Hernández Miriam. "Earth remote sensing with SMOS, Aquarius and SMAP missions". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/403991.
Pełny tekst źródłaEls primers tres d'una sèrie de satèl·lits de nova generació funcionant a la banda L han sigut llançats a l'última dècada. La banda L es molt sensible a la presència d'aigua a l'escena observada, sent considerada òptima per mesurar la humitat del sòl (SM) i la salinitat del mar (SSS) de manera global a la superfície de la Terra. Monitoritzar aquestes dues variables climàtiques essencials es necessari per millorar el nostre coneixement dels cicles de l'aigua i l'energia. La teledetecció a banda L també ha sigut útil per monitoritzar l'estabilitat de les capes de gel i mesurar el gruix de gel marí. La missió Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS, 2009-2017) de l'ESA és la primera específicament llançada per monitoritzar SM i SSS. Porta un nou radiòmetre d'apertura sintètica amb capacitat multiangular i polarització completa. La missió Aquarius (2011-2015) de la NASA va ser la segona, dedicada a monitoritzar SSS amb un sistema de radiòmetre/escateròmetre d’apertura real que permet corregir la rugositat de la superfície del mar. La missió Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP, 2015-2018) de la NASA és la segona dedicada a mesurar SM. Porta un radiòmetre d'apertura real i polarització completa i un radar d'apertura sintètica (SAR) per una millor resolució espaial i detecció de congelació/descongelació. Aquesta tesi està enfocada en analitzar la informació geofísica que pot obtenir-se de les observacions a banda L d'SMOS, Aquarius i SMAP. La seva investigació està estructurada com: -Intercomparació de temperatures de brillantor en zones seleccionades. Es proposa un nou mètode per mesurar la consistència entre les dades radiomètriques d'SMOS i Aquarius sobre el rang dinàmic complet d'observacions (terra, gel, oceà). Això permet detectar diferències espaials/temporals o biaixos sense limitacions latitudinals ni creuaments. Aquest pas es necessari per combinar observacions de diferents instruments en un llarg conjunt de dades per estudis mediambientals, hidrològics o climatològics. -Efecte de gruix de gel en teledetecció de gel continental a l'Antàrtida. S'explora la relació entre les variacions espaials del gruix de gel antàrtic i els canvis detectats a les mesures d'SMOS i Aquarius. L'emissivitat de l'Antàrtida es analitzada per discernir el rol de les contribucions geofísiques (capes de gel a diferents profunditats i llacs subglacials) al senyal observat. S'avalua l'estabilitat del senyal a banda L sobre la zona est de l'altiplà antàrtic, lloc per calibratge/validació de satèl·lits de microones. -Sinèrgia de microones/òptic per teledetecció de SM multiescala. S'avalua la correlació entre la SM i la temperatura de la superfície del sòl (LST) per entendre millor la relació SM-LST a través de processos físics d'evapotranspiració i inèrcia tèrmica. Es proposa un nou mètode per mesurar la humitat crítica utilitzant sèries temporals de SM i LST de satèl·lit. S'analitza l'ús de la SM de SMOS amb la LST de teledetecció per refinar algorismes de desagregació de SM. -Comparació de paràmetres passius i actius de microones relatius a la vegetació. Recent investigació ha mostrat que l'opacitat, sensible a la biomassa i el contingut d'aigua, i l'albedo, relacionat amb l'estructura, poden ser recuperats d'observacions passives a banda L. S'exploren les relacions entre aquests dos paràmetres i estimadors de vegetació derivats de radar utilitzant les observacions d'avió de l'experiment de validació d'SMAP 2012 (SMAPVEX12). Les relacions obtingudes podrien permetre millors recuperacions de SM en sistemes actius/passius i estimar les propietats de la vegetació a alta resolució utilitzant mesures de SAR. La tesi s'ha desenvolupat dins les activitats del Barcelona Expert Centre (BEC). Els resultats presentats contribueixen a l'ús de la banda L a diferents disciplines científiques com la climatologia, la criosfera, la hidrologia i l'ecologia.
Balkwill, Michael David. "Changes in human horizontal angular VOR after the spacelab SLS-1 mission". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42524.
Pełny tekst źródłaEldridge, Edward D. "Maximizing the inter-service SOF handshake". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2188.
Pełny tekst źródłaWerneck, Paulo De Lacerda. "Missão aduana brasileira, sob a ótica empresarial". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/3444.
Pełny tekst źródłaAn investigation about the mission of brazilian customs, mainly on its relationship with the economic activity, complemented by historical aspects ans views of other stackholders.
Investigação sobre a missão da Aduana brasileira, sob a ótica de sua inserção na atividade econômica empresarial, complementada por considerações históricas e contemporâneas de outros atores.
Rodriguez-Ferreira, Julian. "Étalonnage au sol de l’instrument SIMBIO-SYS à bord de la mission ESA/BEPICOLOMBO". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112011/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaBepiColombo is one of the cornerstones of the scientific program of ESA. It will study the planet Mercury with two spacecrafts in orbit around the planet. One of the two spacecrafts, the Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO), will be dedicated to the study of the surface and interior of the planet. The mission is scheduled for launch in 2016 and arrival at Mercury in January 2024. IAS is responsible for the calibration of the imaging system SIMBIO-SYS (Spectrometers and Imagers for MPO BepiColombo Integrated Observatory-SYStem) which consists of a high-resolution camera (HRIC), a stereoscopic camera (STC) and a visible and near-infrared hyperspectral imager (VIHI). These instruments should deeply change our understanding of the composition and geomorphology of Mercury surface. My research subject allowed me to participate in all the activities concerning the definition, implementation and validation of the calibration facilities at the IAS. These facilities are divided into different sub-systems: a thermal vacuum chamber containing the instrument during all the calibration campaign that shall simulate the environmental conditions (temperature and pressure), an optical bench with optical components and radiometrically calibrated sources reproducing the observational conditions as it will be seen by the instrument once placed in Mercury’s orbit, mechanical interfaces allowing the positioning and guidance of the instrument when placed inside the vacuum chamber with the required precision and accuracy, thermal interfaces facilitating the thermal excursion of the detectors, software interfaces so as to automatize and control the entire system. I developed a radiometric model of the calibration system and instrument to refine the calibration sources. In parallel, I performed several measurements of some subsystems so as to validate the optical assembly and to improve its control. Finally as a result of a close collaboration with the three Italian scientific teams of the instrument, I elaborate the fully package of the calibration sequences and the detailed instrument configuration that will be used during the calibration campaign
Bathurst, Ty D. Eldridge Edward D. "Maximizing the inter-service SOF handshake /". Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FBathurst.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaHamadi, Alia. "Analyse et prédiction comportementales du radar GPR polarimétrique de la mission spatiale EXOMARS". Limoges, 2010. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/5b5b0e86-7d66-4a1d-8275-367b39fb1def/blobholder:0/2010LIMO4043.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study is a part of the ExoMars space mission, in collaboration with LATMOS (Laboratoire Atmosphères, milieux, observations, spatiales). The objectives are to explore the signs of life on Mars planet in the past or in the present time, as well as the study of the distribution of subsurface water and the study of the geology of Mars. This aim of this mission is to send on the Mars surface an automatic vehicle equipped with scientific measuring instruments intended for the search of life traces. Our research activity is focused on the WISDOM instrument (Water Ice Subsurface Deposits Observation On Mars) which is a GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) where the main scientific objectives are to probe the subsurface of Mars up to several meters in order to study the geological structures. Our work have been proceeded in three phases. The first was to find a broadband radiating model of modelling the radiation pattern for the GPR antennas. The second was to develop tools for simulation scenes of different compositions by optimizing the computing time. The third phase of this thesis permits to develop two techniques for rough surfaces characterization. Thus this approach will be exploited for the development of two methods for the determination of the permittivity of the ground in time and frequency domain
Monerris, Belda Alessandra. "Experimental estimation of soil emissivity and its application to soil moisture retrieval in the SMOS Mission". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6940.
Pełny tekst źródłaL'emissivitat del sòl depén de la interacció de molts paràmetres propis del sòl i de la coberta de vegetació que hi ha al damunt, com per exemple la humitat, la temperatura, i la rugositat del sòl, i l'atenuació i la dispersió que introdueix la vegetació. A cadascuna de les campanyes de mesura que es presenten a aquesta tesi doctoral s'ha tractat un d'aquests factors:
· MOUSE 2004: efecte de la textura en els perfils d'humitat i temperatura del sòl, en l'emissivitat, i en l'algoritme de recuperació d'humitat del sòl a partir de les mesures multiangulars adquirides per LAURA.
· T-REX 2004/2006: efecte de la rugositat en l'emissivitat. Les mesures es comparen amb prediccions teòriques i semi-empíriques dels models existents, els quals tenen en compte de manera diferent l'efecte del paràmetre de rugositat efectiva.
· SMOS REFLEX 2003/2006: efectes de les vinyes i de la fracció de pedres. S'estudia la dependència de l'emissivitat amb l'humitat del sòl i amb l'angle d'observació. Aquests experiments es van dur a terme a la Valencia Anchor Station, una regió que ha estat seleccionada per a dur a terme activitats de cal/val de SMOS durant els sis mesos posteriors al llançament.
· TuRTLE 2006: efecte de la topografia a les mesures adquirides des d'un sensor a terra.
Els resultats mostren que el processador de SMOS hauria de tener en compte un model de constant dielèctrica diferent en funció de la textura, ja que els errors a la recuperació d'humitat poden variar en un 5% segons el tipus de sòl. La rugositat té un impacte important a l'emissivitat, sobre tot a sòls secs. Els models de rugositat segueixen el comportament de les mesures a sòls secs i H-pol, però divergeixen al cas de sòl humit. L'atenuació i dispersió de les vinyes és independent de la polarització. L'error en la recuperació d'humitat sobre camps de vinyes va ser del 2.3%, menor que el 4% requerit per SMOS. L'impacte de la topografia en les mesures és important i no pot modelar-se tenint en compte només la vegetació.
Although water hold by soils represents a small fraction of the Earth's water budget, soil moisture plays an important role in climate models. In the near future, two space missions will measure soil moisture at global scale: ESA' SMOS and NASA's SMAP. The present Ph.D. Thesis has been performed in the context of the SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) mission pre-launch activities over land. An important feature of SMOS is that a given pixel on the Earth is imaged at various observation angles as the satellite moves over it, so multi-angular information of each pixel will be available.
A description of the field campaigns over land carried out by the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya and of their results is provided in this PhD Thesis. Radiometric measurements were acquired using the UPC L-band Automatic Radiometer (LAURA), which has a working frequency of 1.4 GHz, the same as SMOS payload MIRAS. The execution of these experiments, the data processing, and the physical interpretation of measurements constitute the core of this PhD Thesis. The emissivity of land surfaces depends upon the interaction of several soil and vegetation characteristics such as soil moisture, roughness, and temperature, and vegetation opacity and albedo. Each of the experiments focused on one of the parameters affecting the emission from soils:
· MOUSE 2004: impact of soil texture on soil moisture and temperature profiles, soil emissivity, and the impact on the soil moisture retrieval using multi-angular dual-polarisation radiometric observations.
· T-REX 2004/2006: impact of soil roughness on the brightness temperature. Data collected during the T-REX experiments are compared to theoretical simulations using various models for the effective soil roughness.
· SMOS REFLEX 2003/2006: effects of rock-fraction and vines. The brightness temperature dependence on soil moisture and observation angle is studied, and soil moisture retrieval is discussed. The experiment site in Valencia has already been selected as a SMOS calibration and validation site.
· TuRTLE 2006: impact of topography on soil emissivity at L-band.
Results suggest that the SMOS Level 2 soil moisture processor should select the soil dielectric constant model as a function of soil texture, since the root mean squared error can vary from 2% to 7% depending. Soil roughness was found to have a strong impact on land brightness temperature, especially for dry soils. In general, all semi-empirical land emission models follow the trend of dry soils measurements at H-pol, whereas discrepancies exist for wet soils. On the other hand, vines opacity and albedo were found to be independent on the polarisation. The error between ground-truth and estimated soil moisture over vineyards was 2.3%, better than the 4% required for SMOS. Topography effects are important and cannot be accounted for in the models only by the introduction of the vegetation canopy.
Hérique, Alain. "Reconstruction et interprétation d'images géoradar : application aux tests en Antarctique du radar de la mission Mars'98". Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0031.
Pełny tekst źródłaWu, Lin. "Contribution to spatial bias mitigation in interferometric radiometers devoted to Earth observation : application to the SMOS mission". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/144655.
Pełny tekst źródłaTzortzi, Eleni. "Sea surface salinity in the Atlantic Ocean from the SMOS mission and its relation to freshwater fluxes". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/377301/.
Pełny tekst źródłaVillarino, Villarino Ramón María. "Empirical Determination of the Sea Surface Emissivity at L-band: A contribution to ESA's SMOS Earth Explorer Mission". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6884.
Pełny tekst źródłaCon objeto de mejorar los modelos de emisión del mar en banda L y de estudiar la recuperación de la salinidad mediante medidas radiométricas multiangulares, la ESA aprobó el experimento WISE (WInd and Salinity Experiment) que se realizó a lo largo de dos campañas, durante los últimos meses de los años 2000 y 2001 en la plataforma petrolífera Casablanca, situada 50 Km mar adentro frente a las costas de Tarragona. En dichas campañas participaron cinco grupos de científicos de diferentes países (España, Francia y Estados Unidos).
La finalidad de los experimentos fue el estudio de la temperatura de brillo del mar teniendo en cuenta la influencia de su estado provocado por el viento, la espuma, el mar de fondo, etc. Para ello se utilizó un radiómetro de apertura real tipo Dicke completamente polarimétrico, diseñado y construido en la UPC (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya) a tal efecto.
La tercera campaña, FROG (Foam, Rain, Oil slicks and GPS reflectometry) fue patrocinada por el Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología y se realizó durante la primavera del año 2003, junto a la desembocadura del Río Ebro. Ésta consistió en determinar la contribución en la variación de la temperatura de brillo debida a algunos de los efectos ya mencionados tales como: la espuma, la lluvia y las manchas de aceite. Las medidas de la temperatura de brillo se realizaron variando la concentración salina a voluntad, desde 0 psu hasta 38 psu y, estudiando separadamente cada uno de estos efectos.
Lallement, Guénolé. "Extension of socs mission capabilities by offering near-zero-power performances and enabling continuous functionality for Iot systems". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0573.
Pełny tekst źródłaRecent developments in the field of low voltage integrated circuits (IC) have paved the way towards energy efficient electronic devices in a booming global network called the internet-of-things (IoT) or the internet-of-everything (IoE). However, the sustainability of all these inter- connected sensors is still undermined by the constant need for either an on-board battery – that must be recharged or replaced – or an energy harvester with very limited power efficiency. The power consumption of present consumer electronic systems is fifty times higher than the energy available by cm 2-size harvester or limited to a few months on a small battery, thus hardly viable for lifetime solutions. Upcoming systems-on-chip (SoCs) must overcome the challenge of this energy gap by architecture optimizations from technology to system level. The technical approach of this work aims to demonstrate the feasibility of an efficient ultra-low-voltage (ULV) and ultra-low-power (ULP) SoC using exclusively latest industrial guidelines in 28 nm and 22 nm fully depleted silicon on insulator (FD-SOI) technologies. Several multi-power-domain SoCs based on ARM cores are implemented to demonstrate wake up strategies based on sensors inputs. By optimizing the system architecture, properly selecting and designing compo- nents with technology features chosen adequately, carefully tuning the implementation, a fully energy-optimized SoC is realized
Levin, Suzanne. "Défendre une République de droit naturel : Prieur de la Marne et ses missions, 1792-an III". Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://bdr.parisnanterre.fr/theses/intranet/2019/2019PA100081/2019PA100081.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaPierre-Louis Prieur, known as Prieur of the Marne (1756-1827) was a major actor in the French Revolution, whose political career spanned the entirety of its natural rights phrase, from 1789 to the Year III (1795). A member of the Constituent Assembly, of the Convention, of the “great” Committee of Public Safety; several times a representative on mission; one of the last Montagnards, Prieur, through his trajectory with its aspects at once exceptional and typical, provides an entry into the political project of the Mountain, which was both collective and protean. This thesis therefore seeks to uncover the specificities of Prieur’s defense and implementation of a republican, democratic and natural rights program over the course of his mandate in the National Convention, both among his colleagues and on the ground, during his numerous missions. Through Prieur, it interrogates the relationship between individual and collective action, as well as the permanent tension between principles and practices, particularly in a context of foreign and civil war. Studying the example of Prieur allows for a better comprehension of Montagnard politics, in their limitations but also their possibilities and concrete achievements
Monjid, Younès. "Concept de corrélation dans l'espace fréquentiel de Fourier pour la télédection passive de la terre : application à la mission SMOS-Next". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30224/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAperture synthesis is an interferometric technique similar to Earth rotation synthesis employed in radio astronomy in which the signals received by a pair of small antennas are processed in a way to synthesize a single large antenna. The aperture synthetic concept used in radioastronomy was readapted to Earth remote sensing for large thermal sources. Thanks to this technique, limitations on antenna size in passive microwave remote sensing have been overcome. The correlation, or visibility, function obtained by cross-correlating the signals received by the antennas of an interferometric system using aperture synthesis is linked to the brightness temperature map of the observed scene by means of a Fourier-transform law. This is know as the standard form of the Van Cittert-Zernike theorem for fixed observers with respect to sources of temperature. This stan- dard formulation is derived by cross-correlating the instantaneous temporal components of the measured electric fields by different antennas. A new concept based on a passive spatio-temporal interferometry was proposed as the new generation to follow the well-known SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) mission successfully operating since November 2, 2009. The aim of the proposed concept is a jump in the current achieved geometric resolution to orders capable of meeting the stringent users' needs for the study of hydrological applications in the local scale where sub-kilometric resolutions are required. This interferometric concept is based on the idea of integrating the displacement of the observer (satellite's antenna), and hence the time variable, in the calculation of the correlation function, which yields the creation of virtual baselines between the positions of antennas at different instants, in addition to the physical ones formed between the instantaneous antennas' spatial positions. Sadly, the additional information due to the virtual baseline was shown to be exactly canceled by the induced Doppler shift due to the observer's motion. We show furthermore that when using the aforementioned spatio-temporal interferometric system combined with a revolutionary Fourier Correlation Imaging (FouCoIm) procedure, consisting in cross-correlating, at slightly different frequencies, the Fourier components of the fluctuations of the re- ceived electric fields by a pair of antennas separated by a distance Δr on board of a satellite flying at height h, the 2D position-dependent brightness temperature can be reconstructed. Besides, the analytical derivation of the correlation function gives rise to a relationship linking the measured cor- relations to the position-dependent brightness temperatures by means of a Highly Oscillatory Integral (HOI) kernel. Interestingly, the analytical study of the HOI kernel showed the remarkable property that a corre- lation between both antenna-signals remains within a small frequency interval (different frequencies) outside the simple auto-correlation (same frequency). As a matter of fact, while existing systems had, until now, only considered the simple 1D information contained in the auto-correlation, it appears that the resulting correlation function from this concept bears a 2D information for the measurement of the position-dependent brightness temperature. Based on this, one is capable of reconstructing 2D bright- ness temperatures starting from a simple 1D geometry (two antennas arranged perpendicularly to the flight direction)
Meyer, Ross H. "SOF regional engagement : an analysis of the effectiveness of current attempts to shape future battlefields /". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Jun%5FMeyer.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaLawrence, Heather. "MODÉLISATION DE L'EFFET DE LA RUGOSITÉ DE SURFACE ET DE LA LITIÈRE DES COUVERTS NATURELS SUR LES OBSERVATIONS MICRO-ONDES PASSIVES - APPLICATION AU SUIVI GLOBAL DE L'HUMIDITÉ DU SOL PAR LA MISSION SMOS". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01024075.
Pełny tekst źródłaCastillo, betancourt Juan Pablo. "Thermo-mechanical properties of a regolith simulant of the mars insight mission site". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2023. https://these.univ-paris-est.fr/intranet/2023/TH2023ENPC0035.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe NASA Mars InSight mission is a Discovery mission aiming at to investigating the interior of the red planet to support the understanding of its formation process and that of other rocky planets. One of the many study fronts faced by the InSight Mission Science Team is the study of the properties of the material in direct contact with the lander and its instruments, some of which were deployed on the surface of the planet by using a robotic arm. This endeavour is the key objective of the Near Surface Working Group (NSWG), and the main goal of the different works and results presented in this document is related to this research goal. The lander uses three main instruments: the first one is the Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS), a highly accurate seismometer resulting from decades of work by French institutions including Centre National des Études Spatiales CNES and Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris IPGP; this instrument is the most relevant for this work. The second one is the Heat and Physical Properties Package (HP3), a thermal probe designed to drill inside the Martian surface to depths of up to 5m. The last one is the Rotation and Interior Structure Experiment or RISE antenna, which studies the interior structure of the planet aided by the rotation movement of Mars, tracking the position of the lander and the shifting of the planets north pole to propose models of its moment of inertia.This work is aimed at characterising the surface regolith properties at the site of the Mars InSight lander, landed on Elysium Planitia since November 2018. This comprises experimental investigations on a Martian Regolith Simulant together with some complementary activities. The key questions addressed were the interaction of the SEIS with the Martian regolith in direct contact with its three feet, its very small strain stiffness (in the elastic range), as well as the thermal conductivity and the mechanical effect of atmospheric pressure fluctuations. The experimental work conducted concerns the poorly explored field of soil mechanics under very low stresses and strains (down to 1.75 kPa). Sample preparation is another question explored, since the loosest possible densities of the regolith analogue are utilised to mimic the Martian regolith.The thesis was developed within a joint supervision between the Universidad de los Andes (Bogota, Colombia) and the École des Ponts ParisTech (France). Experimental work was conducted at the facilities of both institutions. A collaborations with PhD student Maria Juliana Chaparro (Los Andes) also helped assess the dynamic properties of the regolith simulant
Souffran, Gwenaëlle. "Dimensionnement de la chaîne de traction d'un véhicule électrique hybride basé sur une modélisation stochastique de ses profils de mission". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782511.
Pełny tekst źródłaMaire, Anne-Lise. "Caractérisation des exoplanètes par imagerie depuis le sol et l'espace : Application à la mission SPICES et à l'instrument VLT/NaCo". Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00750252.
Pełny tekst źródłaMaire, Anne-Lise. "Caractérisation des exoplanètes par imagerie depuis le sol et l'espace : application à la mission SPICES et à l'instrument VLT/NaCo". Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012OBSP0210.
Pełny tekst źródłaDirect imaging is currently the only available method to characterize the atmosphere of long-period exoplanets (≥1UA). This technique is difficult to carry out because it requires high contrasts at short angular separations (10⁶-10¹⁰ à∼0,2"). During my PhD thesis, I focused on two instruments : the SPICES mission and the VLT/NaCo instrument. SPICES (SpectroPolarimetric Imaging and Characterization of Exoplanetary Systems) is a project of space coronograph which aims to characterize in spectropolarimetry cold exoplanets and faint circumstellar disks (≥1 zodi). I determined the science performance of the mission using numerical simulations. SPICES could characterize Jupiters at separations ≤5UA and distances ≤10pc, super-Earths at 1-2AU for a few stars within 4-5pc and possibly Earths around α Cen A. Considering all stellar types, I estimated an amount of ∼ 300 potential targets. In the second part of my PhD thesis, I analyzed images taken in coronographic and differential imaging modes of the NaCo instrument. The objective was to search for gas giant planets as cool as 500-1300 K at separations of 5-10UA around a selected sample of young and nearby stars (<200Myr, <25pc). Median detection limits give contrasts of ∼10̄⁵ at 1", corresponding to effective temperatures and masses of 1100K and 10Mj, and complement statistical studies based on radial velocities
NJOH, ALEXANDRE. "Analyses des systemes, outil d'aide decisionnel au service de l'expert-comptable dans le cadre de ses missions". Caen, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CAEN0501.
Pełny tekst źródłaHessinger, Felix. "Automation of Operation and Testing for European Space Agency's OPS-SAT Mission". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Rymdteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-76282.
Pełny tekst źródłaNtihinyuzwa, Thaddée. "Le Réveil évangélique est-africain et ses origines anglo-saxonnes : les paradoxes du religieux et du politique". Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR20043.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe East African Revival (EAR) is rooted in Anglo-American protestant spirituality. Following the teachings of English missionaries influenced by the movement of total sanctification -a heritage of the XVIIIth and XIXth centuries Anglo-American Revivals-, the EAR begins in Rwanda in 1933 and then spreads to Great Lakes Africa, (Uganda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania and Congo-Kinshasa). After the Second World War, the EAR pursues its internationalisation towards Europe, America and Asia. Through the work of zealous teams of African and English "saved ones" (abarokore), the EAR has become an important tool of Anglo-American indluence in Great Lakes Africa. Nevertheless, it also holds complex relations with African culture. The EAR spreads beyond the borders of its body of origin, the Anglican Church, and influences other sub-Saharan African protestant Churches, in which it maintains a spirituality advocating a new conduct of life and a new social order. Also the EAR has become a solid foundation on which have been created the new Churches that have invaded the religious field of Great Lakes African since the 1980's. Concerning the political evolution in East Africa, the EAR claims to be non-political. However, through its teaching of obedience to political authorities, it puts forward an ambivalent strategy that could be interpreted as complicity with authoritarian regimes. Also, as the end of our research reveals, the EAR teachings on temperance and ethnic reconciliation have constructive social influences, helping to face the two plaques that have struck Great Lakes Africa : AIDS and civil wars. In the latter case, Rwanda, that underwent a genocide in 1994, supplies an interesting field of observation
Kini, Akshatha Jagannath. "Implementation of a Trusted I/O Processor on a Nascent SoC-FPGA Based Flight Controller for Unmanned Aerial Systems". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82666.
Pełny tekst źródłaMaster of Science
SOUFI, FATMA. "Asterosismologie des etoiles en rotation en vue de l'interpretation theorique des resultats des missions au sol et spatiales". Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077333.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuise, Antoinette. "Thérèse de Lisieux et ses miracles : recomposition du surnaturel (1898-1928)". Paris, EPHE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPHE5014.
Pełny tekst źródłaAmmar, Adel. "Restitution de la salinité de surface de l'océan à partir des mesures SMOS : une approche neuronale?" Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/475/.
Pełny tekst źródłaUsing neural networks to retrieve the sea surface salinity from the observed Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) brightness temperatures (TBs) is an empirical approach that offers the possibility of being independent from any theoretical emissivity model. We prove that this approach is applicable to all pixels over ocean, by designing a set of neural networks with different inputs. Besides, we demonstrate that a judicious distribution of the geophysical parameters in the learning database allows to markedly reduce the systematic regional biases of the retrieved SSS, which are due to the high noise on the TBs. An equalization of the distribution of the geophysical parameters, followed by a new technique for boosting the learning process, makes the regional biases almost disappear for latitudes between 40°S and 40°N, while the global standard deviation remains between 0. 6 psu (at the center of the swath) and 1 psu (at the edges)
Herve, Yann. "Le radar WISDOM à bord du Rover de la mission ExoMars : Caractérisation et préparation du retour scientifique". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV071/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe main objective of European ExoMars (ESA-Roscosmos) mission is to search for signs of past or present life on Mars. The mission, to be launched in summer 2020, will deliver a rover on the surface of Mars. This rover accommodates instruments designed to investigate the close subsurface and, in particular, a drill that will collect samples at depth ranging from 0.5 m to 2 m. This thesis manuscript relates the preparation of the scientific return of the WISDOM (Water Ice and Subsurface Deposits Observation on Mars) radar experiment whose main objective is to characterize, before drilling, the shallow subsurface of Mars.Data obtained by WISDOM will shed the light on geological structures in the subsurface and therefore help trace back the history of the investigated Martian sites. Furthermore, they will help to identify the most promising locations to collect samples without jeopardizing the drill. The objective of this thesis was to efficiently pave the way to data interpretation and appraise WISDOM’s potentiality.In order to reach the ambitious scientific and technologic objectives (especially in terms of resolution and sensitivity) of WISDOM, we have developed tools that rely on a deep understanding of the instrument. The ultimate goal of these tools is to provide a reliable representation of the shallow subsurface and quantitative interpretation in terms of thickness and orientation of underground layers, roughness at interfaces, distribution of buried rocks and geoelectrical constant for each geological unit detected.This thesis manuscript describes the signal processing chain and tools developed in order to prepare WISDOM’s scientific return. When possible, approaches based on automatic detection were preferred. This work relies both on theoretical and practical investigations, including an accurate (analytical and numerical) modeling of the instrument operations and test on experimental data acquired during field campaigns on potential Martian analogs
Hireche, Chabha. "Etude et implémentation sur SoC-FPGA d'une méthode probabiliste pour le contrôle de mission de véhicule autonome Embedded context aware diagnosis for a UAV SoC platform, in Microprocessors and Microsystems 51, June 2017 Context/Resource-Aware Mission Planning Based on BNs and Concurrent MDPs for Autonomous UAVs, in MDPI-Sensors Journal, December 2018". Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0067.
Pełny tekst źródłaAutonomous systems embed different types of sensors, applications and powerful calculators. Thus, they are used in different fields of application and perform various simple or complex tasks. Generally, these missions are executed in nondeterministic environments with the presence of random events that can affect the mission's progress. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly assess the health of the system and its hardware and software components in order to detect failures using Bayesian Networks.Subsequently, a decision is made by the mission planner by generating a new mission plan that ensures the mission in response to the detected event. This decision is made using the Markov Decision Process model based on constraints such as the mission objective, the health status of sensors and embedded applications, the mission policy "safety policy" or "mission first policy", etc. As autonomous systems perform different tasks that require different performance, it is necessary to consider the use of hardware accelerators on SoC-FPGA in order to meet high-performance computing constraints and unload the CPU if needed
Zermani, Sara. "Implémentation sur SoC des réseaux Bayésiens pour l'état de santé et la décision dans le cadre de missions de véhicules autonomes". Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0101/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAutonomous vehicles, such as drones, are used in different application areas to perform simple or complex missions. On one hand, they generally operate in uncertain environmental conditions, which can lead to disastrous consequences for humans and the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously monitor the health of the system in order to detect and locate failures and to be able to make the decision in real time. This decision must maximize the ability to meet the mission objectives while maintaining the security requirements. On the other hand, they are required to perform tasks with large computation demands and performance requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to think of dedicated hardware accelerators to unload the processor and to meet the requirements of a computational speed-up.This is what we tried to demonstrate in this dual objective thesis. The first objective is to define a model for the health management and decision making. To this end, we used Bayesian networks, which are efficient probabilistic graphical models for diagnosis and decision-making under uncertainty. We propose a generic model based on an FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis). This analysis takes into account the different observations on the monitors and the appearance contexts. The second objective is the design and realization of hardware accelerators for Bayesian networks in general and more particularly for our models of health management and decision-making. Having no tool for the embedded implementation of computation by Bayesian networks, we propose a software workbench covering graphical or textual Bayesian networks up to the generation of the bitstream ready for the software or hardware implementation on FPGA. Finally, we test and validate our implementations on the Xilinx ZedBoard, incorporating an ARM Cortex-A9 processor and an FPGA
Périgo, Daniel Marques. "Avaliação de sistemas de gestão de desempenho e criação de valor social em negócios sociais sob a perspectiva do Social Enterprise Balanced Scorecard". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/24146.
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O aumento da competitividade, o cenário macroeconômico e a importância crescente dos aspectos sociais e ambientais, associados ao esgotamento dos modelos de negócios convencionais focados prioritariamente na busca de lucro econômico, estimulam o surgimento de novos modelos de negócio, baseados na obtenção de ganho econômico e no atendimento às expectativas sociais. Os negócios sociais surgem como alternativas aos modelos de negócio tradicionais, ao harmonizar a busca pelo impacto positivo na sociedade e as atividades comerciais de geração de renda, combinando a lógica de mercado com a necessidade filantrópica, a fim de atingir uma missão social; no entanto, seu caráter híbrido carrega tensões intrínsecas do esforço de equilibrar esses dois aspectos. Sistemas de mensuração e gestão de desempenho podem ter um papel importante neste contexto, ao permitir a avaliação da adesão da organização aos objetivos sociais, por meio de métricas financeiras e sociais alinhadas à sua estratégia. Entender de que modo a adoção desses sistemas pode influenciar a gestão e orientar a criação de valor social nesses empreendimentos é o objetivo deste trabalho. Para isso, o Social Enterprise Balanced Scorecard (SEBC), uma versão do Balanced Scorecard de Kaplan e Norton, foi utilizado como modelo de análise. O estudo foi efetivado por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, baseada no estudo de casos múltiplos e em entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com representantes de cinco negócios sociais brasileiros, de naturezas jurídicas diversas. Os dados coletados foram consolidados e os indicadores analisados e distribuídos segundo as perspectivas do SEBC. O trabalho demonstrou que, das cinco organizações, três possuíam sistemas de mensuração implementados, com uma tendência maior de adoção nos negócios do terceiro setor. No entanto, a avaliação das métricas demonstrou uma predominância da medição de outputs, uma medição limitada de outcomes mais generalistas e a ausência de medição de impacto, sugerindo um potencial desalinhamento entre as métricas de desempenho e a missão social da organização. Outro ponto constatado foi a vinculação da missão social à figura do empreendedor, caracterizando uma abordagem mais pessoa-dependente e menos processo-dependente. Por fim, os resultados do trabalho apontam para a potencial aplicabilidade do Social Enterprise Balanced Scorecard como mecanismo de mensuração e gestão no contexto dos negócios sociais, ao proporcionar uma visão mais equilibrada do seu desempenho.
The increase in competitiveness, macroeconomic scenario and the growing importance of social and environmental aspects, associated with the exhaustion of conventional business models focused primarily on economic profit, stimulate the emergence of new business models, focused on obtaining economic gain and meeting the social expectations. Social businesses emerge as alternatives to traditional business models, by harmonizing the search for positive impact on society and commercial income-generating activities, combining market logic with philanthropic need in order to achieve a social mission; however, its hybrid character carries intrinsic tensions in the effort to balance these two aspects. In this context, performance measurement and management systems can play an important role by allowing the assessment of the organization's adherence to its social objectives, by using financial and social metrics aligned with its strategy. Understanding how the adoption of these systems influences the management and creation of social value in these enterprises is the main objective of this work. The Social Enterprise Balanced Scorecard (SEBC) - a version of the Balanced Scorecard of Kaplan and Norton - was used as the analysis model. The study was carried out through a qualitative, exploratory research, based on the study of multiple cases and semi-structured interviews with representatives of five Brazilian social businesses, of different legal natures. The data collected were consolidated and the indicators analyzed and distributed according to the perspectives of the SEBC model. The study showed that three out of the five organizations surveyed had implemented measurement systems, with a greater tendency of adoption in the third sector businesses. However, the evaluation of the metrics demonstrated a predominance of output measurements, a limited measurement of generic outcomes and the absence of business impact measurement, suggesting a potential misalignment between performance metrics and the organization's social mission. Another point observed was a strong association of the social mission to the figure of the entrepreneur, characterizing a more person-dependent and less process-dependent approach. Finally, the results of the study point out to the potential applicability of the Social Enterprise Balanced Scorecard as a measurement and management mechanism in the context of social businesses by providing a more balanced view of their performance.
Merlin, Olivier. "Synergie des observations multispectrales : application en hydrologie". Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30209.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis aims to use the synergy of multispectral remote sensing data for hydrological applications. To begin with, different approaches using data in the red, near infrared and thermal infrared bands are tested to estimate surface fluxes at the optical scale. Optical bands are next combined with the microwave data of the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission. A downscaling method of the 40 km resolution SMOS surface soil moisture from 1 km resolution optical data is developed and applied to the aircraft-based microwave data of the Southern Great Plains '97 and Monsoon '90 experiments. Finally, the prediction of evapotranspiration by assimilating the disaggregated data into a land surface model illustrates the performance of the approach at both optical and microwave scales
Vagnat, Stéphanie. "Le comité d'éducation sanitaire et sociale de la pharmacie française : un outil au service du pharmacien pour ses missions d'éducation pour la santé". Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2P005.
Pełny tekst źródłaRiga, Christopher N., i Philip L. Mahla. "An operational concept for the transformation of SOF into a fifth service". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/952.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis defines the strategic utility of Special Operation Forces (SOF), identifies why SOF only provide limited strategic utility, and presents an operational concept for the reorganization, alignment, and employment of SOF to overcome these shortf alls. The thesis is presented in a deductive manner that argues that SOF were designed for strategic purposes, and leads the reader to conclude that reformation must occur for SOF to provide strategic utility and meet their intent. SOF would be in an optimal position to meet their organizational intent by becoming a fifth armed service within the Department of Defense (DoD). Through the creation of mission-based units and a holistic employment strategy, SOF would become a strategic instrument capability of assisting national decision -makers in blending the elements of national power. Finally, the thesis concludes with additional required areas for research to make this concept become a reality, but that are beyond the scope of this study.
Major, United States Army
Murphy, Christopher John. "SOEs Missing Dimension : An examination of the support organisation and broader internal relations within the Special Operations Executive, 1940-1946". Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506070.
Pełny tekst źródłaMcGregor, Otis W. III. "Command and control of Special Operations Forces missions in the US Northern Command Area of Responsibility". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2198.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe need for a well thought out, planned, and rehearsed command and control organization to conduct special operations in the US Northern Command Area of Responsibility is vital to success in defending the Homeland. Currently, USNORTHCOM does not have an apportioned or assigned command and control structure for the conduct of special operations. This thesis analyzes three courses of action to fulfill this requirement: use the current USNORTHCOM battle staff command structure including the integration of the Standing Joint Force Headquarters-North; rely on the newly formed US Special Operations Command's Joint Task Force Structures; and establish a Theater Special Operations Command North assigned to USNORTHCOM. Through the conduct of analysis and research this thesis recommends that The Joint Staff direct the reorganization required to establish a Theater Special Operations Command North to exercise command and control of special operations forces conducting operations in the USNORTHCOM AOR.
Lieutenant Colonel, United States Army
Kolie, Joachim. "L'initiation kpellè et le christianisme depuis l'époque coloniale (1912) jusqu'à la période de l'indépendance (1958) et ses conséquences : étude historique et théologique de la pastorale sociale de l'Eglise en Guinée forestière". Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040060.
Pełny tekst źródłaI endeavoured to analyse,from an historical and cultural point of view,the rituals of 'Polon' (men's initiation) and 'Hanin' (women's initiation),which take place among the Kpellè's who live in Forest Guinea. .
Besnaci-Lancou, Fatima. "Les missions du Comité international de la Croix-Rouge (CICR) pendant la guerre d'Algérie et ses suites (1955-1963) en Algérie, au Maroc et en Tunisie". Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040229.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis examines the missions of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) during the Algerian War and its aftermath. The ICRC intervenes both in wars between states and in non-international armed conflicts, in an attempt to ensure the respect of humanitarian rules. During the “events” in Algeria, mass arrests of members and militants of the FLN (Algerian National Liberation Front) led to overcrowding in the prisons and was a factor in the establishment of internment camps. Immediately after independence, thousands of Muslim auxiliaries in the French army were interned in camps; many were subsequently imprisoned. This study looks at the main initiatives taken by the ICRC to ensure that the rules of humanitarian law were applied to the people involved during the seven and a half year of guerrilla warfare and after Algeria’s independence. It focuses on prisons and internment camps in which its delegates inspected material conditions and the treatment and discipline applied to nationalists and, later, to Europeans known to be pro French Algeria, who were arrested from the beginning of 1961, and former auxiliaries, interned between February and August 1963. It also examines initiatives taken by the ICRC to gain access to French prisoners in the hands of the FLN and, to a lesser degree, various humanitarian actions to help refugees in Morocco and Tunisia as well as people forcibly displaced by the French army and grouped together in camps
Besnaci-Lancou, Fatima. "Les missions du Comité international de la Croix-Rouge (CICR) pendant la guerre d'Algérie et ses suites (1955-1963) en Algérie, au Maroc et en Tunisie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040229.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis examines the missions of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) during the Algerian War and its aftermath. The ICRC intervenes both in wars between states and in non-international armed conflicts, in an attempt to ensure the respect of humanitarian rules. During the “events” in Algeria, mass arrests of members and militants of the FLN (Algerian National Liberation Front) led to overcrowding in the prisons and was a factor in the establishment of internment camps. Immediately after independence, thousands of Muslim auxiliaries in the French army were interned in camps; many were subsequently imprisoned. This study looks at the main initiatives taken by the ICRC to ensure that the rules of humanitarian law were applied to the people involved during the seven and a half year of guerrilla warfare and after Algeria’s independence. It focuses on prisons and internment camps in which its delegates inspected material conditions and the treatment and discipline applied to nationalists and, later, to Europeans known to be pro French Algeria, who were arrested from the beginning of 1961, and former auxiliaries, interned between February and August 1963. It also examines initiatives taken by the ICRC to gain access to French prisoners in the hands of the FLN and, to a lesser degree, various humanitarian actions to help refugees in Morocco and Tunisia as well as people forcibly displaced by the French army and grouped together in camps
Choplin, Cédric. "La représentation des peuples exotiques et des missions dans Feiz ha Breiz (1865-1884)". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370510.
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