Artykuły w czasopismach: „Miscarriage”

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Mahmoud, Remaz B., Sara A. Saeed i Rana N. Mustafa. "Risk factors of miscarriage among pregnant women attending Omdurman maternity hospital". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 10, nr 4 (29.03.2023): 1287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20230901.

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Background: Around 56 million miscarriages are performed each year in the world, with about 45% are done unsafely. Miscarriage poses great risks and complications that contribute to long-term physical and psychological problems. Good knowledge and practice related to pregnancy follow-up and avoiding the causes of miscarriage will reduce its risks significantly. Aim of current study was to determine and identify the rate and risk factors of miscarriage and the common causes of miscarriage among women in Omdurman Maternity Hospital, Sudan. In addition, to evaluate the level of awareness of the risks and complications of miscarriage among women attending the maternity hospital, Sudan. Methods: A quantitative, cross sectional study using questionnaires (N=100) was used in this study to determine the risk factors of miscarriage in women attending the maternity hospital in Omdurman, Sudan Results: The study revealed that miscarriages were not very frequent, and there was no significant family history of miscarriages. However, those who had a miscarriage were in the first trimester of pregnancy. One of the main causes of miscarriage is the presence of severe stress from work, illness and food poisoning. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest different interventions to reduce the risks of miscarriages such as educating mothers about antenatal care and to take precautions during the first trimester to avoid miscarriages and educating families about the risks of being in consanguineous relationships. In addition, raising awareness about contraceptive methods to reduce the rates of induced miscarriages.

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Unanyan, Ara L., Laura G. Pivazyan, Araksya A. Zakaryan, Archil A. Siordiya i Anatoliy I. Ishchenko. "Treatment of habitual pregnancy miscarriage of various origins". V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, nr 1 (15.01.2022): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2313-8726-2022-9-1-13-21.

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Habitual pregnancy miscarriage is one of the serious problems of reproductive health in the modern world. Habitual miscarriage is defined as the spontaneous termination of two or more pregnancies before the fetus reaches viability from conception to 24 weeks of pregnancy. However, some differences of opinion are determined among specialists in habitual miscarriage. Some experts in their clinical practice for habitual miscarriages use the definition of three or more consecutive miscarriages. Habitual miscarriage occurrence varies from 0.5 to 2.3%, but the exact prevalence is very difficult to estimate, which depends on the used definition. The pathogenesis of habitual miscarriage is determined based on the age of the mother and the gestational age of the fetus. Habitual miscarriage can be caused by chromosomal errors, autoimmune disorders, endometrial dysfunction, endocrinopathies, hormonal and metabolic disorders, infections, and uterine anatomical defects. Currently available treatments target suspected risk factors for miscarriage, although the effectiveness of many medical interventions appears to be controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments for habitual miscarriage of various origins, such as antiphospholipid syndrome, subclinical hypothyroidism, and idiopathic habitual miscarriage.

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Al Kubaisy, W. A., A. D. Niazi i K. Kubba. "History of miscarriage as a risk factor for hepatitis C virus infection in pregnant Iraqi women". Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 8, nr 2-3 (15.06.2002): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2002.8.2-3.239.

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Sera from 3491 pregnant women were screened for the presence of HCV antibodies [anti-HCV]. HCV genotyping was also performed on the sera of 94 women. The overall anti-HCV seroprevalence was 3.21%. Anti-HCV seroprevalence was significantly positively correlated with the number of miscarriages. Miscarriage was a significant risk factor for the acquisition of HCV infection from the first miscarriage up to the fifth, the risk increasing with increasing number of miscarriages. A higher proportion of women with a history of miscarriage harboured HCV-1b compared to those with no miscarriage.

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Al-Alami, Zina, Rana Abu-Huwaij, Shereen Hamadneh i Esra’ Taybeh. "Understanding Miscarriage Prevalence and Risk Factors: Insights from Women in Jordan". Medicina 60, nr 7 (26.06.2024): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina60071044.

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Background and Objectives: Miscarriage is a complication that is influenced by many risk factors that have been reported in different studies and that vary among countries. Despite the influence of various known risk factors for miscarriage, 30% to 50% of miscarriages are from unidentified causes. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of miscarriages in Jordan and the associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Jordan among married women to investigate the prevalence of miscarriages and identify potential risk factors. Results: Women (n = 704) were surveyed, and 17.9% reported a history of miscarriage. The identified risk factors were being an active smoker during pregnancy, having more than four children, having a family history of miscarriage, having fertility problems, receiving medical assistance for conception, and traveling by air during pregnancy. Conclusions: The results suggest that there are both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for miscarriages in Jordan and that a proportion of these may be preventable. The findings can be used to enhance patient awareness and inform policy development to decrease the incidence of miscarriage in the country.

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Ravneet, Gulshan. "Overview on current approach on recurrent miscarriage and threatened miscarriage". Clinical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 3, nr 2 (30.11.2020): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.cjog.1001070.

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Miscarriage is a frequent outcome of pregnancy, with major emotional implications to the couple experiencing such an event. Threatened miscarriage is the commonest complication of early pregnancy and affects about 20% of pregnancies. It presents with vaginal bleeding with or without abdominal cramps. On the other hand recurrent miscarriages are post implantation failures in natural conception. Increasing age of women, smoking, obesity or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and a previous history of miscarriage are risk factors for threatened miscarriage. The pathophysiology has been associated with changes in levels of cytokines or maternal immune dysfunction. Clinical history and examination, maternal serum biochemistry and ultrasound findings are important to determine the treatment options and provide valuable information for the prognosis. Many surgical and non-surgical interventions are used in the management of threatened and recurrent miscarriages. In this review, we present available evidence-based guidance on the incidence, pathophysiology, investigation and clinical management of recurrent miscarriage and threatened miscarriage, focusing mainly on the first trimester of pregnancy and primary healthcare settings. The review is structured to be clinically relevant. We have critically appraised the evidence to produce a concise answer for clinical practice.

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Ravneet, Gulshan. "Overview on current approach on recurrent miscarriage and threatened miscarriage". Clinical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 3, nr 2 (30.11.2020): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.cjog.1001070.

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Miscarriage is a frequent outcome of pregnancy, with major emotional implications to the couple experiencing such an event. Threatened miscarriage is the commonest complication of early pregnancy and affects about 20% of pregnancies. It presents with vaginal bleeding with or without abdominal cramps. On the other hand recurrent miscarriages are post implantation failures in natural conception. Increasing age of women, smoking, obesity or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and a previous history of miscarriage are risk factors for threatened miscarriage. The pathophysiology has been associated with changes in levels of cytokines or maternal immune dysfunction. Clinical history and examination, maternal serum biochemistry and ultrasound findings are important to determine the treatment options and provide valuable information for the prognosis. Many surgical and non-surgical interventions are used in the management of threatened and recurrent miscarriages. In this review, we present available evidence-based guidance on the incidence, pathophysiology, investigation and clinical management of recurrent miscarriage and threatened miscarriage, focusing mainly on the first trimester of pregnancy and primary healthcare settings. The review is structured to be clinically relevant. We have critically appraised the evidence to produce a concise answer for clinical practice.

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K. K., Reshma Sajan, Mumtaz P., Chandrika C. V., Abdul Vahab i Hassan Sheikh Imrana. "Expectant management of incomplete miscarriage, anembryonic pregnancy and early fetal demise: a comparative study". International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, nr 8 (23.07.2020): 3144. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20203100.

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Background: Expectant management as first line management of early pregnancy miscarriages is less accepted due to failure and increased complications reported in few studies. Proper selection of cases improves outcome of expectant management. Aim of this study was to compare success rate and complications in expectant management in three groups of early pregnancy miscarriages- Incomplete miscarriage, anembryonic pregnancy and early fetal demise.Methods: Prospective observational study conducted in tertiary care centre for 3 years, including 107 patients with USG confirmed pregnancy miscarriage <13 weeks. Patients preferring expectant management were managed as outpatient without intervention for 2 weeks after which repeat USG was done to ascertain complete miscarriage. Failed expectant management patients underwent planned surgical uterine evacuation. Emergency admission and evacuation was done, if symptomatic during waiting period. Success rate and complications like emergency evacuation, vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, limitation of physical activity and patient satisfaction were assessed and compared in subgroups of anembryonic pregnancy, early fetal demise and incomplete miscarriage. Statistical analysis was done by chi-square test.Results: Incomplete miscarriage group had highest success rate of 88.46%. followed by anembryonic pregnancy (72.5%) and EFD (47.83%) p value = 0.007. Complication rate was highest in EFD, followed by anembryonic and the least in incomplete miscarriage all of which was statistically significant except vaginal bleeding.Conclusions: Expectant management should be offered as first line choice for all types of early pregnancy miscarriages. Proper selection of case as to type of miscarriage especially incomplete miscarriage and selected cases of anembryonic pregnancy and EFD ensures higher success rate with lesser complications. Reserving medical and surgical management for unsuitable/failed cases.

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Mahmood, Sara, i Chro Fattah. "ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ANTI-THYROID PEROXIDASE ANTIBODY AND RECURRENT MISCARRIAGE". JOURNAL OF SULAIMANI MEDICAL COLLEGE 13, nr 2 (21.06.2023): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jsmc.10407.

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Background Thyroid disease is the second most commonly affected disease in childbearing women, after diabetes, and thyroid autoimmunity in pregnancy has been connected with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage, recurrent miscarriage, preterm birth, and low intelligence. Objectives The study seeks to determine whether there is a significant correlation between anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and unexplained recurrent miscarriages. Patients and MethodsA Case-control study was conducted on 124 participants, 62 women who had experienced unexplained recurrent miscarriage and 62 healthy women without a history of miscarriage, from 11.9.2021 until 10.6.2022 in the outpatient and emergency department of Sulaimani Maternity Teaching Hospital and some private clinics in Sulaimani City/Kurdistan Region /Iraq, and screening for TSH and anti–thyroid peroxidase antibody are done for both groups. ResultsThe prevalence of positive anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody in women with recurrent miscarriage was 19.4 %, while in women without miscarriage was 6.5% (which is considerably higher in cases than in women without recurrent miscarriage with a p-value of 0.03 and an odd ratio of 3.48 (95% CI; 1.06-11.48). ConclusionThere is a statistically significant relationship between anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and recurrent miscarriage. We recommend screening for TSH and thyroid antibodies for women with recurrent miscarriages and further studies on the effect of levothyroxine therapy for euthyroid women with antibody positive.

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Kakushkin, N. "Miscarriage therapy". Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 5, nr 5 (7.08.2020): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd55467.

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Wildenschild, Cathrine, Anders H. Riis, Vera Ehrenstein, Elizabeth E. Hatch, Lauren A. Wise, Kenneth J. Rothman, Henrik T. Sørensen i Ellen M. Mikkelsen. "Fecundability among Danish women with a history of miscarriage: a prospective cohort study". BMJ Open 9, nr 1 (styczeń 2019): e023996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023996.

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ObjectiveTo examine the association between history of miscarriage and fecundability (the cycle-specific probability of conception).DesignNationwide prospective cohort study using web-based questionnaires.SettingDenmark, 2007–2012.Participants977 women attempting to conceive, not using fertility treatment, and with a reproductive history of only miscarriage or only live birth.Exposure and outcome measuresInformation on previous pregnancy outcomes, including miscarriage, came from self-report or from relevant registries. Participants were followed for up to 12 months or until they reported a pregnancy, stopped trying to conceive or started fertility treatment, whichever came first. We used Kaplan-Meier methods to estimate cumulative probabilities of conception for women whose reproductive history included only miscarriage or only live birth. Using proportional probabilities regression modelling, we computed fecundability ratios (FR) with 95% CI comparing women with a history of only miscarriage with women with a history of only live birth.ResultsAfter adjustment for potential confounders, the cumulative probabilities of conception within 12 cycles of follow-up were 85% (95% CI 81% to 89%) for women with a history of 1 miscarriage, 85% (95% CI 73% to 92%) for women with a history of ≥2 miscarriages and 88% (95% CI 87% to 89%) for women whose reproductive history included only live birth. Adjusted FRs were 0.87 (95% CI 0.71 to 1.07) and 0.65 (95% CI 0.36 to 1.17) for women with a history of 1 and ≥2 miscarriages, respectively.ConclusionsOur results indicate that women with a history of miscarriage may have slightly reduced fecundability compared with women with a history of only live birth. The reduction in fecundability was greater for women with repeated miscarriages, although the estimates were imprecise. Despite a potential delay in conception, women with previous miscarriage may have similar probability of pregnancy by 12 cycles of attempts to women with proven fertility.

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Arge, Lise A., Siri E. Håberg, Allen J. Wilcox, Øyvind Næss, Olga Basso i Maria C. Magnus. "The association between miscarriage and fecundability: the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study". Human Reproduction 37, nr 2 (18.11.2021): 322–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deab252.

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Abstract STUDY QUESTION Is fecundability associated with miscarriage history and future miscarriage risk? SUMMARY ANSWER Prior miscarriage was associated with lower fecundability, and participants with a history of subfertility (time-to-pregnancy (TTP) ≥12 months) were at a higher risk of subsequent miscarriage. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Although miscarriage and low fecundability share common risk factors, prior studies have reported both lower and higher fecundability after miscarriage. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION In this study, we examined two related associations: one, between miscarriage history and subsequent fecundability and, two, between fecundability and miscarriage risk in the subsequent pregnancy. The study is based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). In addition, the outcome of the pregnancy after the MoBa index pregnancy was obtained by linking information from three national health registries: the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, the Norwegian Patient Registry and the general practice database. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We examined the association between number of prior miscarriages and fecundability in 48 537 naturally conceived, planned pregnancies in participants with at least one prior pregnancy. We estimated fecundability ratios (FRs) and 95% CIs using proportional probability regression. We further estimated the relative risk (RR) of miscarriage in the subsequent pregnancy as a function of TTP in the MoBa index pregnancy for 7889 pregnancies using log-binomial regression. Multivariable analyses adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy maternal BMI, smoking status, cycle regularity, income level and highest completed or ongoing education. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Fecundability decreased as the number of prior miscarriages increased. The adjusted FRs among women with one, two and three or more prior miscarriages were 0.83 (95% CI: 0.80–0.85), 0.79 (95% CI: 0.74–0.83) and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.67–0.82), respectively, compared with women with no prior miscarriages. Compared to women with a TTP of <3 months, the adjusted RR of miscarriage in the subsequent pregnancy was 1.16 (0.99–1.35) with TTP of 3–6 months, 1.18 (0.93–1.49) with TTP of 7–11 months and 1.43 (1.13–1.81) with TTP of 12 or more months. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Information on TTP and prior miscarriages was obtained retrospectively, and TTP was self-reported. MoBa is a pregnancy cohort, and findings may not be generalizable to all women. We were unable to examine the effect of changing partners between pregnancies, as well as other paternal factors such as seminal parameters. We also did not know what proportion of our participants had changed partners between their prior pregnancies and the index pregnancy. Furthermore, it is likely that many early miscarriages are not recognized. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The association between miscarriage and fecundability may reflect a contribution of occult pregnancy losses to TTP, as well as shared underlying causes for reduced fecundability and miscarriage. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The study was funded by the Research Council of Norway through its Medical Student Research Program funding scheme (project number 271555/F20), its Centres of Excellence funding scheme (project number 262700) and through the project ‘Women's fertility – an essential component of health and well-being’ (project number 320656). M.C.M. has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement number 947684). A.J.W. is supported by the Intramural Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences at the National Institutes of Health, USA. The authors report no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.

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Fernlund, Anna, Ligita Jokubkiene, Povilas Sladkevicius i Lil Valentin. "Predictors of complete miscarriage after expectant management or misoprostol treatment of non-viable early pregnancy in women with vaginal bleeding". Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 302, nr 5 (7.07.2020): 1279–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00404-020-05672-6.

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Abstract Purpose To identify predictors of complete miscarriage after expectant management or misoprostol treatment of non-viable early pregnancy in women with vaginal bleeding. Methods This was a planned secondary analysis of data from a published randomized controlled trial comparing expectant management with vaginal single dose of 800 µg misoprostol treatment of women with embryonic or anembryonic miscarriage. Predefined variables—serum-progesterone, serum-β-human chorionic gonadotropin, parity, previous vaginal deliveries, gestational age, clinical symptoms (bleeding and pain), mean diameter and shape of the gestational sac, crown-rump-length, type of miscarriage, and presence of blood flow in the intervillous space—were tested as predictors of treatment success (no gestational sac in the uterine cavity and maximum anterior–posterior intracavitary diameter was ≤ 15 mm as measured with transvaginal ultrasound on a sagittal view) in univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Results Variables from 174 women (83 expectant management versus 91 misoprostol) were analyzed for prediction of complete miscarriage at ≤ 17 days. In patients managed expectantly, the rate of complete miscarriage was 62.7% (32/51) in embryonic miscarriages versus 37.5% (12/32) in anembryonic miscarriages (P = 0.02). In multivariable logistic regression, the likelihood of success increased with increasing gestational age, increasing crown-rump-length and decreasing gestational sac diameter. Misoprostol treatment was successful in 80.0% (73/91). No variable predicted success of misoprostol treatment. Conclusions Complete miscarriage after expectant management is significantly more likely in embryonic miscarriage than in anembryonic miscarriage. Gestational age, crown-rump-length, and gestational sac diameter are independent predictors of success of expectant management. Predictors of treatment success may help counselling women with early miscarriage.

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Gyamtsho, Sonam. "Clinico-Demographic profile of incomplete miscarriage at National Referral Hospital, Bhutan". Bhutan Health Journal 9, nr 2 (29.11.2023): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47811/bhj.157.

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Introduction: Miscarriage is a leading health concern that causes maternal morbidity and mortality. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the incidence of miscarriage is 39 per 1000 women aged between 15-49 years. There is no reliable information regarding miscarriage in Bhutan. This investigation attempts to study the clinical and demographic profile of incomplete miscarriages and their outcome at the Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital (JDWNRH), Bhutan. Methods: An observational study was carried out from February 2020 to February 2021 including 132 women with incomplete miscarriage at JDWNRH. Purposive sampling was done and patient with incomplete miscarriage presenting to the JDWNRH was interviewed using structured questionnaire after diagnosis or before they were discharged from hospital. Results: The study found that the proportion of incomplete miscarriage was 25.4 per 1000 pregnant women at JDWNRH. The common age group was 21-30 years with a mean age of 29.9 years. Of them, 65.91% were married, 55.3% had a stable job and 90% were gravida 2 and above. Nearly 80% reported that it was an unplanned pregnancy and 73.5% due to lack of awareness of contraceptive use. Nearly 92% required hospital admission and 88.64% received surgical management. Conclusions: Women with incomplete miscarriages had mostly unintended pregnancies. The majority had surgical management with no mortality.

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S, Chhabra. "Community Based Prospective Study of Miscarriages in Context of Biomass Fuel use by Tribal Women of Rural Remote Region". Open Access Journal of Gynecology 6, nr 4 (2.11.2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajg-16000228.

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Background: Miscarriage is one of most prevalent negative reproductive outcomes which affects women’s health globally. Knowing occurrence, causes, prevention of recurrence are great challenges. Exposure to air pollutant may be responsible for higher risk of miscarriage. Objective: Community based prospective study was carried out to know about the occurrence of miscarriages in context of Biomass fuel use by rural tribal, pregnant women. Setting: Villages and Dr. Sushila Nayar Hospital, Utavali, Melghat, Amravati Maharashtra. Methods: After approval of the institute’s ethics committee, study was conducted in 100 villages. After base information, villages were divided into 50 study, 50 controls, subdivided into 40 study villages with advocacy for protection from ill effects of Biomass fuel, 40 non-advocacy controls and 10 study villages where in addition to advocacy Chimneys were fixed on roofs of huts with no windows, for exit of smoke and 10 controls where neither advocacy was done nor Chimneys were fixed. Main Outcome Measures: Change in occurrence of miscarriage with Biomass fuel use. Results: In 50 study villages, of 1005 pregnancies, 2.8% reported miscarriages and in 50 controls, of 1097 pregnancies 3.1% had miscarriage. Of 2700 pregnancies in 40 Advocacy study villages 6.6%, of 40 controls of 2700 pregnancies, 10.5% had miscarriages. In 10 villages with Advocacy as well as Chimneys, of 700 pregnancies, 2.4% had miscarriages in 10 controls, of 700 pregnancies 5.6% ended in miscarriages. In first year it could have been underreporting. Conclusion: In rural tribal women miscarriages were not more than globally known, but Biomass fuel did affect occurrence of miscarriages.

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Krishnaswamy, Priyanka, i Rohit Arora. "Recurrent pregnancy loss". InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice 13, nr 7 (29.10.2019): 402–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1755738019883326.

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Miscarriage is defined as the spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before the fetus reaches viability; it includes all pregnancy losses from the time of conception until 24 weeks of gestation. Early miscarriages are common, occurring in 10–20% of all pregnancies, with 2% of second-trimester pregnancies being miscarried before 24 weeks of gestation. Recurrent miscarriage, defined as the loss of three or more consecutive pregnancies, affects 1% of couples trying to conceive with the chance of having two consecutive miscarriages being 5%. Clinical studies show that 3 in 4 women will have a successful pregnancy with supportive care alone. Therefore, couples should be given reassurance about their chances of a successful pregnancy in the future. In this review we look at the epidemiological factors influencing rates of miscarriage, acquired and inherited thrombophilia, genetic, anatomical, endocrine, immune, infective and male factors for recurrent miscarriage. Despite these potential causes, the majority (around 50%) of recurrent pregnancy losses remain unexplained.

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Coomarasamy, Aravinthan. "Can We Really Make a Difference in Reducing Miscarriage?" Fertility & Reproduction 05, nr 04 (grudzień 2023): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318223740493.

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Many miscarriages occur due to chromosomal problems, and may not be preventable. But there are many miscarriages that result from the loss of euploid embryos. Why are these pregnancies lost? Where is the problem, and what can be done? There is a pervasive and harmful idea that miscarriages are nature’s way of dealing with an abnormal pregnancy, and therefore they cannot really be prevented, and we do not need to try to prevent them. This idea ignores the fact that there are several steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of miscarriage. This lecture asks the questions: what can a woman or couple do to reduce their risk of miscarriage? What can a healthcare provider do to reduce the risk of miscarriage? What is evidence? What are the limitations in the evidence? The recently updated evidence-based NICE, RCOG and ESHRE guidelines form the foundation of this lecture.

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Visser, Jantien, Veli-Matti Ulander, Frans Helmerhorst, Katja Lampinen, Laure Morin-Papunen, Kitty Bloemenkamp i Risto Kaaja. "Thromboprophylaxis for recurrent miscarriage in women with or without thrombophilia". Thrombosis and Haemostasis 105, nr 02 (2011): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th10-05-0334.

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SummaryRecurrent miscarriage affects 1–2% of women. In more than half of all recurrent miscarriage the cause still remains uncertain. Thrombophilia has been identified in about 50% of women with recurrent miscarriage and thromboprophylaxis has been suggested as an option of treatment. A randomised double-blind (for aspirin) multicentre trial was performed among 207 women with three or more consecutive first trimester (<13 weeks) miscarriages, two or more second trimester (13–24 weeks) miscarriages or one third trimester fetal loss combined with one first trimester miscarriage. Women were analysed for thrombophilia. After complete work-up, women were randomly allocated before seven weeks’ gestation to either enoxaparin 40 mg and placebo (n=68), enoxaparin 40 mg and aspirin 100 mg (n=63) or aspirin 100 mg (n=76). The primary outcome was live-birth rate. Secondary outcomes were pregnancy complications, neonatal outcome and adverse effects. The 0.92–1.48] was found for enoxaparin and placebo and 65% [RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.83–1.39] for enoxaparin and aspirin when compared to aspirin alone (61%, reference group). In the whole study group the live birth rate was 65% (95% CI 58.66–71.74) for women with three or more miscarriages (n=204). No difference in pregnancy complications, neonatal outcome or adverse effects was observed. No significant difference in live birth rate was found with enoxaparin treatment versus aspirin or a combination of both versus aspirin in women with recurrent miscarriage.

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Tetruashvili, N. K., i E. V. Shih. "Efficacy of Dydrogesterone in Threatened Miscarriage: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". Doctor.Ru 21, nr 5 (2022): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31550/1727-2378-2022-21-5-53-61.

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Objective of the Review: To review all studies using dydrogesterone in threatened miscarriage and to evaluate the effect of dydrogesterone treatment on miscarriage rates in women with miscarriage. Key points. Many years of experience in many clinical studies confirm that progestogens contribute to the preservation of pregnancy in the event of a threatened miscarriage. Dydrogesterone and progesterone are the most suitable progestogens for pregnant women. The high result of dydrogesterone in high-risk pregnancy is due to its chemical structure. This systematic review and meta-analysis includes data only from randomized trials, in particular those based on comparisons of dydrogesterone with placebo. The results demonstrate that in the group of patients treated with dydrogesterone, the frequency of miscarriages was statistically significantly lower than in the group of patients treated with placebo. These findings correlate with previous data from meta-analyses and reviews of randomized clinical trials in 2017–2021, where dydrogesterone also significantly reduced the risk of pregnancy loss in threatened and recurrent miscarriage. Moreover, the largest direct comparative randomized study IPD LOTUS (2020) demonstrated a higher efficacy of dydrogesterone compared to micronized vaginal progesterone. Conclusion. According to the results of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials based on the comparison of dydrogesterone with placebo, in the group of patients who received dydrogesterone, the frequency of miscarriages was statisticallysignificantly lower than in the group of patients who received placebo. The use of dydrogesterone is not only justified, but an essential component of the treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss. Keywords: miscarriage, recurrent pregnancy loss, habitual miscarriage, progestagens, dydrogesterone, progesterone.

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Demakakos, Panayotes, Eleni Linara-Demakakou i Gita D. Mishra. "Adverse childhood experiences are associated with increased risk of miscarriage in a national population-based cohort study in England". Human Reproduction 35, nr 6 (1.06.2020): 1451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deaa113.

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Abstract STUDY QUESTION Is there an association between adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and the risk of miscarriage in the general population? SUMMARY ANSWER Specific ACE as well as the summary ACE score were associated with an increased risk of single and recurrent miscarriages. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY There is scarce evidence on the association between ACE and miscarriage risk. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We conducted a retrospective national cohort study. The sample consisted of 2795 women aged 55–89 years from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Our study was population-based and included women who participated in the ELSA Life History Interview in 2007. We estimated multinomial logistic regression models of the associations of the summary ACE score and eight individual ACE variables (pertaining to physical and sexual abuse, family dysfunction and experiences of living in residential care or with foster parents) with self-reported miscarriage (0, 1, ≥2 miscarriages). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Five hundred and fifty-three women (19.8% of our sample) had experienced at least one miscarriage in their lifetime. Compared with women with no ACE, women with ≥3 ACE were two times more likely to experience a single miscarriage in their lifetime (relative risk ratio 2.00, 95% CI 1.25–3.22) and more than three times more likely to experience recurrent miscarriages (≥2 miscarriages) (relative risk ratio 3.10, 95% CI 1.63, 5.89) after adjustment for birth cohort, age at menarche and childhood socioeconomic position. Childhood experiences of physical and sexual abuse were individually associated with increased risk of miscarriage. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Given the magnitude of the observed associations, their biological plausibility, temporal order and consistency with evidence suggesting a positive association between ACE and adverse reproductive outcomes, it is unlikely that our findings are spurious. Nevertheless, the observed associations should not be interpreted as causal as our study was observational and potentially susceptible to bias arising from unaccounted confounders. Non-response and ensuing selection bias may have also biased our findings. Retrospectively measured ACE are known to be susceptible to underreporting. Our study may have misclassified cases of ACE and possibly underestimated the magnitude of the association between ACE and the risk of miscarriage. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our study highlights experiences of psychosocial adversity in childhood as a potential risk factor for single and recurrent miscarriages. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of childhood trauma in miscarriage and add an important life course dimension to the study of miscarriage. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) ELSA is currently funded by the National Institute on Aging in USA (R01AG017644) and a consortium of UK government departments coordinated by the National Institute for Health Research. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the article. The authors have no actual or potential competing financial interests to disclose.

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Ago, Boniface, Enya Okpani, Sylvester Abeshi i Lawson Ekpe. "Raised First Trimester Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies May Predict First Trimester Miscarriage: A Case Control Study". Prague Medical Report 125, nr 1 (2024): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23362936.2024.3.

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Miscarriages constitute a significant aspect of failed pregnancies and a source of worry for the patient and caregiver. Some of the causes of miscarriages remain unknown. Immunological conditions such as thyroid autoimmunity could play significant roles. Our objective was to determine the relationship between raised thyroid peroxidase antibodies and first trimester miscarriages in a low resource setting. This was a case control study at the Gynaecological Clinic of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria; from 14th February 2020 to 13th January 2021, involving 145 cases who had first trimester miscarriages, and their matched controls who had apparently normal pregnancies, at same gestational ages. Sera of venous blood from both participants and controls were analysed for thyroid peroxidase antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and analysed using SPSS version 20, and GraphPad Prism 8.4.3 statistical software. Being a civil servant and low social status had significant odds for first trimester miscarriage. Raised thyroid peroxidase antibodies in the first trimester had 10-fold odds for miscarriage. Odds ratio 10.34, 95% CI: 3.22 to 32.98, P-value = 0.0001. The test had a sensitivity of 89.66% and specificity of 54.41%. The positive predictive value was 17.93%, while the negative predictive value was 97.93% and a likelihood ratio of 1.966. Rising thyroid peroxidase antibodies in early pregnancy could be a predictor for miscarriage. This is so because patients with raised thyroid peroxidase antibodies in the first trimester had a 10-fold risk of having a first trimester miscarriage.

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Manzoor, Asma, Shagufta Nasreen, Aliyah Ali i Syed Faisal Hashmi. "Psychological Effects Of Recurrent Miscarriage On Women". Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 8, nr 1 (8.03.2014): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v8i1.331.

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This study tries to explore the psychological, social and emotional experiences of the women who have gone through the recurrent miscarriages. Although miscarriage is seen as common and occurs frequently in otherwise healthy women and in most of the cases the reasons are never known. The phenomenon of miscarriage does not qualify as a disease or even a medical condition. The purpose of this study is to gain a more comprehensive view of the psychological and emotional experiences, the behavioural changes and both supportive and unsupportive factors following miscarriage.

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Asaad Abdallah. "Etiology of recurrent spontaneous abortion". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 19, nr 3 (30.09.2023): 029–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.3.1724.

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Spontaneous abortion and miscarriage are synonymous terms. In medical literature, spontaneous abortion is most often used, while in clinical practice and among the general population miscarriage is the preferred term. Spontaneous abortion or miscarriage is defined as the involuntary end of pregnancy before 20 weeks of gestation. Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), also known as recurrent miscarriages, is defined by the consecutive loss of two or more pregnancies with the same partner and having no more than one living child. The aim of this review is to highlight the most common Etiology of Recurrent spotonus abortion.

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Zubair, Hina, Amber-u.-Nissa Soomro, Shafqat Mukhtar i Aurooj Fatima. "Spontaneous Miscarriage in Women Having More Than Three Miscarriages and Advanced Maternal Age". Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, nr 8 (26.08.2021): 2172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211582172.

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Background: Miscarriages are negative outcomes of a pregnancy. Their ratio increases in women with recurrent miscarriages. Objective: To identify the role of age and recurrent miscarriages in spontaneous abortions. Study Design: Comparative analytical study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College Mir Pur, Azad Kashmir from 1st October 2020 to 31st March 2021. Methodology: One hundred and twenty pregnant women between the age group of 19-40 years. The clinical history of recurrent miscarriages and demography was noted. Results: The mean age was 29.85±4.71 years with 42% of previous miscarriage occurred in pregnant women at their first trimester. The highest number of recurrent miscarriages (>4) was noted in 36-40 years of age group. Conclusion: The rate spontaneous miscarriages increases with increasing age and recurrent history of miscarriages Key words: Spontaneous miscarriage, Advanced maternal age, Recurrent

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Sanchez Ortiz, Sara, Consuelo Huerta, Ana Llorente-García, Paloma Ortega, Paloma Astasio i Lucía Cea-Soriano. "A Validation Study on the Frequency and Natural History of Miscarriages Using the Spanish Primary Care Database BIFAP". Healthcare 9, nr 5 (18.05.2021): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9050596.

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(1) Background: There is a major gap of knowledge towards the natural history of miscarriages in electronic medical records. We aimed to calculate the frequency of miscarriages using data from BIFAP database. (2) Methods: We identified all pregnancy losses and carried out a multistep validation exercise. Potential cases with positive predictive values (PPV) of miscarriage confirmation <85% or those confirming other pregnancy loss were excluded. Kaplan–Meier figures and incidence rates (IRs) of miscarriage with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) expressed by 1000 person-weeks were calculated. Stratifying analysis by age, specific high-risk groups, and drug exposure within the pre-pregnancy period were performed restricted to women with recording last menstrual period (LMP). (3) Results: Women with confirmed miscarriage (N = 18,070), tended to be older, with higher frequency of comorbidities and drug utilization. Restricting to women with LPM recorded, IR of miscarriage was 10.89 (CI 95% 10.68–11.10) per 1000 women-weeks, with a median follow-up of 10 weeks (IQR: 8–12). The IR according to age was: 2.71 (CI 95% 2.59–2.84) in those aged <30 years compared to 9.11 (CI 95% 8.55–9.70) in women aged ≥40 years. Advanced maternal age (Hazard Ratio (HR, 95% confidence interval) CI 95%: 3.34 (3.08–3.62)), use of antihypertensives (1.49 (1.21–1.84), and use of drugs classified as D or X during pregnancy (1.17 (1.07–1.29)) showed to be positive predictors associated with increased risk of miscarriages. (4) Conclusion: BIFAP database can be used to identify women suffering from miscarriages, which will serve to further study risk factors associated with miscarriages with special attention to drug utilization.

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Fang, Zhenzhen, Di Che, Shuang Qing, Qingfeng Li, Hui Men, Lianxiong Yuan, Li Li i Xiaoqiong Gu. "The lncRNA SOX2OT rs9839776 C>T Polymorphism Indicates Recurrent Miscarriage Susceptibility in a Southern Chinese Population". Mediators of Inflammation 2019 (16.11.2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9684703.

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Genetic susceptibility may be involved in the onset of recurrent miscarriage. Previous studies have shown that some genetic polymorphisms that regulate cell migration are associated with susceptibility to recurrent miscarriage. The SOX2 overlapping transcript (SOX2OT) may regulate the migration and invasion of multiple tumor cells and is related to susceptibility to various diseases. However, whether lncRNA SOX2OT polymorphisms are related to recurrent miscarriage susceptibility is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the lncRNA SOX2OT rs9839776 C>T polymorphism and recurrent miscarriage susceptibility. We recruited 570 subjects with recurrent miscarriage and 578 healthy control subjects from a population in southern China and used the TaqMan method for genotyping. We found a significant association between the rs9839776 CT genotype in the SOX2OT gene and an increased risk for recurrent miscarriage (CT vs CC: adjusted OR=1.357, 95%CI=1.065−1.728, P=0.0134). However, we did not observe any significant associations between the recurrent miscarriage risk and the number of miscarriages in different age groups. In conclusion, our study indicated that the rs9839776 CT genotype may contribute to an increased risk of recurrent miscarriage in the southern Chinese population and that rs9839776 may act as a prognostic biomarker in recurrent miscarriage patients. However, an experiment-based study with a larger sample size should be performed to confirm these results.

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Mashinnikova, N. O. "ABUSE OF THE RIGHT AND JUDICIAL ERRORS IN THE EXERCISE OF DISCRETION BY THE JUDGE IN THE CONSIDERATION OF CRIMINAL CASES WITH THE CONSENT OF THE ACCUSED WITH THE CHARGE BROUGHT AGAINST HIM". Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 31, nr 3 (8.06.2021): 459–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2021-31-3-459-472.

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The article examines the categories of "abuse of law" and" miscarriage of justice", as well as the factors contributing to their occurrence, reveals the mechanism of occurrence of miscarriages of justice, the sources and causes of their occurrence. The author substantiates the claim that the defect of interest, as an aspect of law enforcement, causes the occurrence of abuse and can cause a miscarriage of justice. The main characteristics of a miscarriage of justice, as well as the signs that distinguish a miscarriage of justice from abuse, are revealed. The definition of "abuse of the right" is given, its properties and features are revealed. The article analyzes the peculiarities of committing judicial errors and abuses under a special procedure of judicial proceedings.

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Yan, Ting, i Roger Tourangeau. "Detecting underreporters of abortions and miscarriages in the national study of family growth, 2011–2015". PLOS ONE 17, nr 8 (3.08.2022): e0271288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271288.

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This paper draws on individual-level data from the National Study of Family Growth (NSFG) to identify likely underreporters of abortion and miscarriage and examine their characteristics. The NSFG asks about abortion and miscarriage twice, once in the computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) part of the questionnaire and the other in the audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI) part. We used two different methods to identify likely underreporters of abortion and miscarriage: direct comparison of answers obtained from CAPI and ACASI and latent class models. The two methods produce very similar results. Although miscarriages are just as prone to underreporting as abortions, characteristics of women underreporting abortion differ somewhat from those misreporting miscarriages. Underreporters of abortions tended to be older, poorer, less likely to be Hispanic or Black, and more likely to have no religion. They also reported more traditional attitudes toward sexual behavior. By contrast, underreporters of miscarriage also tended to be older, poorer, and more likely to be Hispanic or Black, but were also more likely to have children in the household, had fewer pregnancies, and held less traditional attitudes toward marriage.

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Navabinejad, Shokouh, Amelia Rizzo i Fethiye Kiliçaslan. "Exploring The Psychological Impact of Miscarriage on Women". Psychology of woman journal 5, nr 2 (2024): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.61838/kman.pwj.5.2.9.

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Objective: This study aims to provide a comprehensive qualitative analysis of the psychological impact of miscarriage on women, highlighting their emotional responses, physical experiences, social and relational impacts, and coping strategies. Methods and Materials: A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews with 28 women who have experienced one or more miscarriages. Participants were selected through purposive sampling to encompass a diverse range of ages, socioeconomic statuses, and backgrounds. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and thematic analysis was conducted to identify and explore key themes and subthemes. Findings: The study revealed four main thematic categories: Emotional Response, Physical Experience, Social and Relational Impact, and Coping Mechanisms. Participants reported a spectrum of emotional responses, including grief, anxiety, and isolation, compounded by physical recovery challenges. Social and relational dynamics were significantly affected, with changes in relationships and a noted lack of support. Women employed a variety of coping mechanisms, from seeking information and resources to relying on professional support. The findings underscore the complexity of the miscarriage experience and the varied strategies women use to navigate their recovery. Conclusion: Miscarriage exerts a significant psychological toll on women, affecting their emotional well-being, physical health, social relationships, and coping abilities. This study emphasizes the need for holistic support systems that address the multifaceted nature of miscarriage's impact. Healthcare providers and support networks play a crucial role in offering compassionate care and understanding, tailored to the individual experiences and coping styles of women.

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Chigbu, CO, AK Onyebuchi, BU Odugu i CO Ifebi. "Pregnancy Outcome Following Treatment of Premalignant Lesion of the Cervix in Southeast Nigeria; A Retrospective Case-Control Study". Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 27, nr 2 (luty 2024): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_624_23.

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ABSTRACT Background: Treatment of cervical pre-cancers involves ablative and excisional therapies, and these have the potential to affect future pregnancy outcomes of women. Understanding the impact of the various treatment modalities on the outcome of pregnancies can motivate the development of interventions to improve pregnancy outcomes in women who had cervical pre-cancer treatment. Aim: We aimed to the effect of cervical pre-cancer treatment on second-trimester miscarriages and preterm births. Materials and Methods: Matched case-control study in which 373 women who had a pregnancy after cervical pre-cancer treatment were matched with 373 controls. McNemar Chi-square was used to compare the prevalence of second-trimester miscarriage and preterm birth between the study group and the matched controls. Conditional logistic regression analysis was done to determine the risk factors for second-trimester miscarriage and preterm birth. Results: Second-trimester miscarriages and preterm births were higher in women who had cervical pre-cancer treatment (AOR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.174 – 3.693, p: 0.01) and (AOR: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.591 – 4.902, p: 0.0001) respectively. In addition, large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) of the cervix increased the odds of second-trimester miscarriage (AOR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.034 – 1.441, p: 0.019) and preterm birth (AOR: 2.98, 95% CI: 1.793 – 3.965, p: 0.001). Cryotherapy and thermocoagulation were not associated with increased miscarriage and preterm birth. Treatment to pregnancy interval of ≥ 12 months decreased the odds of second-trimester miscarriage (AOR: 0.605, 95% CI: 0.502 – 0.808, p: 0.031) and preterm birth (AOR: 0.484, 95% CI: 0.317 – 0.738, p: 0.001). Conclusion: There is an increased odds of second-trimester miscarriage and preterm birth in women treated with LLETZ. A treatment-to-pregnancy interval of ≥ 12 months reduces this odd. Ablative therapies do not increase the odds of miscarriages and preterm births. This information could guide decisions on the choice of method of treatment for cervical pre-cancer in women of childbearing age.

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Wallenius, Marianne, Kjell Å. Salvesen, Anne K. Daltveit i Johan F. Skomsvoll. "Miscarriage and Stillbirth in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis". Journal of Rheumatology 42, nr 9 (15.07.2015): 1570–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.141553.

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Objective.To examine the risk of pregnancy loss in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.Cumulative numbers of early miscarriages (before gestational Week 12), late miscarriages (weeks 12–22), and stillbirths reported to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway in the period 1999–2009.Results.There were 1578 women with RA and 411,130 reference women included in the study. Relative risks of early and late miscarriage in women with RA versus references were 1.2 (95% CI 1.1–1.3) and 1.4 (95% CI 1.1–1.7), respectively. There was no difference in stillbirth.Conclusion.The risk of miscarriage was slightly higher among women with RA than in references.

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Poels, Eline M. P., Astrid M. Kamperman, Annabel Vreeker, Janneke Gilden, Marco P. Boks, René S. Kahn, Roel A. Ophoff i Veerle Bergink. "Lithium Use during Pregnancy and the Risk of Miscarriage". Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, nr 6 (11.06.2020): 1819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9061819.

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Recent studies have provided new data on the teratogenicity of lithium. Less is known about the risk of miscarriage after lithium use during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between lithium use during pregnancy and miscarriage. Participants were women with bipolar I disorder and one or more pregnancies, of which information on medication use and pregnancy outcome was available (n = 443). The unadjusted odds ratios for miscarriage after lithium use during pregnancy was calculated. Multilevel logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio, adjusted for the age at conception and the clustering of pregnancies per woman. Miscarriages occurred in 20.8% of the lithium-exposed pregnancies (16/77), compared with 10.9% of the unexposed pregnancies (40/366) (OR = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.13–4.06). The adjusted odds ratio of miscarriage after lithium use during pregnancy was 2.94 (95% CI: 1.39–6.22). Lithium use during pregnancy may increase the risk of miscarriage.

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Ahmad, Riaz, i Farah Naz Aziz. "BLEEDING IN EARLY PREGNANCY;". Professional Medical Journal 24, nr 04 (6.04.2017): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.04.1459.

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Objectives: (1) To determine various ways of presentation of bleeding in earlypregnancy. (2) To classify the different causes of bleeding in early pregnancy. Study Design:A descriptive observational study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was done in AzizBhatti Hospital Gujarat attached with Nawaz Sharif Medical College (U.O.G) for a period ofone year during 2014-15. Methodology: The patients who presented with the complaint ofbleeding in early pregnancy before twentieth weeks of gestation were included in the study.The patients who presented after this gestational age and the patients with DUB or any otherincidental cause were excluded. Results: Majority of the patients presented between the agesof 21 to 30 years, and the miscarriage was in the embryonic period. The other ways were painand passage of vesicles (4%). Shoulder tip pain and fainting attacks were the other associatedsymptoms, twenty two percent presented with disappearance of pregnancy symptoms, only4% patients presented with loss of fetal movements. The important predisposing factors werehistory of I.U.C.D, spontaneous miscarriage; E&C and 6% with history of recurrent miscarriages,diabetes, UTI. The most common were incomplete miscarriages. Second commonest werethreatened. Two important diagnostic aids were U.S.G. (TVS) and vaginal examination to classifythe causes of bleeding. Conclusion: Bleeding is the commonest complaint with which thepregnant population presents. The commonest cause is incomplete miscarriage followed bythreatened miscarriage; ultrasonography is of utmost importance for diagnosis. The expectantmanagement of complete miscarriage in selected cases when not bleeding heavily should beconsidered. The patients with inevitable abortion should be evacuated under aseptic conditions.The most serious causes e.g. ectopic pregnancy, molar pregnancy, missed miscarriage andincidental local causes should always be kept in mind.

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Jelita, Reynaldis, i Henny Juaria. "GAMBARAN PEKERJAAN IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER I DENGAN KEJADIAN ABORTUS DI RSIA KIRANA SIDOARJO". Midwiferia 1, nr 2 (11.10.2016): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/mid.v1i2.354.

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Working outside for the first trimester pregnant women is actually a high risk that causing an abortion or miscarriage. In a first trimester of pregnancy, the reproductive organs have not been able to hold the conception because placenta unformed completely yet. If the first trimester pregnant women become too tired and less of rest, it can be happened a miscarriages. Miscarriage is a threats or the unintentional expulsion of the conception before it is viable. It is so unfortunate, if a wanted pregnancy has to end with miscarriage. Based on the survey, most of the first trimester pregnant women in RSIA KiranaSidoarjo on 2013 is a career women 89,44%. This research is undertaken to know the effects of working to the first trimester pregnant women with the incident ofmiscarriage in the RSIA Kiranasidoarjo on 2013. This study was descriptive research and used total sampling. The population was taken from 161 people of all the first trimester pregnant women who undergo a miscarriage. The research showed that career women more experience a miscarriage (79,17%) than no career women (64,7%). A working first trimester pregnant women is highly risked a miscarriage.

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Wyatt, Michelle A., Sarah C. Baumgarten, Amy L. Weaver, Chelsie C. Van Oort, Bohdana Fedyshyn, Rodrigo Ruano, Chandra C. Shenoy i Elizabeth Ann L. Enninga. "Evaluating Markers of Immune Tolerance and Angiogenesis in Maternal Blood for an Association with Risk of Pregnancy Loss". Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, nr 16 (14.08.2021): 3579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163579.

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Pregnancy loss affects approximately 20% of couples. The lack of a clear cause complicates half of all miscarriages. Early evidence indicates the maternal immune system and angiogenesis regulation are both key players in implantation success or failure. Therefore, this prospective study recruited women in the first trimester with known viable intrauterine pregnancy and measured blood levels of immune tolerance proteins galectin-9 (Gal-9) and interleukin (IL)-4, and angiogenesis proteins (vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) A, C, and D) between 5 and 9 weeks gestation. Plasma concentrations were compared between groups defined based on (a) pregnancy outcome and (b) maternal history of miscarriage, respectively. In total, 56 women were recruited with 10 experiencing a miscarriage or pregnancy loss in the 2nd or 3rd trimester and 11 having a maternal history or miscarriage. VEGF-C was significantly lower among women with a miscarriage or pregnancy loss. Gal-9 and VEGF-A concentrations were decreased in women with a prior miscarriage. Identification of early changes in maternal immune and angiogenic factors during pregnancy may be a tool to improve patient counseling on pregnancy loss risk and future interventions to reduce miscarriage in a subset of women.

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Ruqaya K. Abbas, Amani M. Jasim i Qater Al-nada A. Al-Ibady. "Assessment of Some Biochemical Parameters in Iraqi Women with Recurrent Miscarriage". Journal of Techniques 4, nr 33 (15.11.2022): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.51173/jt.v4i33.850.

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Miscarriage a is pregnancy loss that occurs within the first 23 weeks. The risk factors that increase miscarriage is multivariate. Spontaneous loss of a conception before the 20th week of pregnancy is known as a miscarriage. There are two types of miscarriage: spontaneous and recurrent, one or more sporadic miscarriages affects approximately 25 – 50 percent of all women. Recurrent miscarriage, on the other hand, affects about 1% of couples trying to conceive. There are a number of things that can cause a miscarriage, such as inflammatory and immune system diseases. This study aims to compare the levels of calcium, Zinc, lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the serum of women who have experienced a miscarriage with those of women who are pregnant and healthy. The study included 140 blood samples of women who suffered from a miscarriage and a healthy pregnant group. Calcium and Zinc were evaluated in serum of miscarriage and healthy control group, serum Malondialdehyde MDA, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, serum SOD, antioxidant enzyme, and superoxide dismutase. The calcium concentration was low in aborted women compared with the healthy pregnant control group. Serum zinc levels were lower in women who had an abortion compared to those who were pregnant and healthy. The level of serum SOD and MDA in aborted women raveled differences significantly compared with the healthy pregnant group, a decrease in the mean level of SOD was noticed in aborted women in contrast to the healthy pregnant group. At the same time, MDA showed it enhanced among the aborted group compared with healthy delivered women.

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Zhuk, S. I., i I. V. Us. "Use of progestagens to preserve pregnancy: modern approaches". REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY, nr 69 (29.09.2023): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18370/2309-4117.2023.69.36-40.

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Review objectives: to summarize current and clinical data on the role of progesterone support in women at risk of miscarriage and premature pregnancy according to the standards of evidence-based medicine. Control of plasma progesterone levels is a fundamental tool for managing the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies. The association of a low level of serum progesterone with lower rates of current pregnancy and live birth in cycles of assisted reproductive technologies was revealed. Patients with low serum progesterone on the day of embryo transfer need individualized support of the luteal phase, which involves adding additional doses of progesterone to standard regimens. Vaginal micronized progesterone is currently believed to be the only progestogen that increases the likelihood of a live birth in women with bleeding in early pregnancy which has one or more miscarriages. Vaginal progesterone can be considered for patients with a high risk of miscarriage in the following modes: with vaginal bleeding and a history of one or more miscarriages (threatened miscarriage) – 400 mg twice a day, starting with the detection of vaginal bleeding up to 16 full weeks of pregnancy; with a history of three or more pregnancy losses of unknown etiology (habitual miscarriage) – asymptomatic patients вЂ” 200 mg twice a day up to 12 full weeks of pregnancy; patients with vaginal bleeding – 400 mg 2 times a day up to 16 weeks of pregnancy. Currently, there is no evidence of the effectiveness other forms of progesterone and other doses. Conclusions. Vaginal micronized progesterone demonstrated: high efficiency as a standard of luteal phase support; increasing the chance of a live birth in women with a double risk factor for miscarriage (vaginal bleeding in the 1st trimester and в‰Ґ1 previous miscarriage); the absence of safety problems for the fetus and the health of newborns when used in the early and late stages of pregnancy.

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Lata, Kusum, Pinaki Dutta, Subbiah Sridhar, Minakshi Rohilla, Anand Srinivasan, G. R. V. Prashad, Viral N. Shah i Anil Bhansali. "Thyroid autoimmunity and obstetric outcomes in women with recurrent miscarriage: a case–control study". Endocrine Connections 2, nr 2 (czerwiec 2013): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-13-0012.

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ObjectivesThyroid antibody positivity during pregnancy has been associated with adverse outcomes including miscarriage and preterm delivery. The aim of the study is to evaluate the obstetric outcome in pregnant women with recurrent miscarriage and their response to levothyroxine (l-T4) therapy.Study design and methodsAll pregnant and non-pregnant women between 21 and 35 years of age with a history of two or more consecutive miscarriages were included in the study. A third group comprising 100 pregnant women without a history of miscarriage were taken as healthy controls. Thyroid autoimmunity, prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism and maternal and foetal complications were analysed in all the groups with appropriate statistical methods.ResultsThe mean age of the patients included in the study was 27.0±3.1 years. Of 100 pregnant patients with previous recurrent miscarriage, thyroid autoimmunity (thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb+) >34 U/ml) was found in 31% of the cases. The incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism was higher in TPOAb+ group than in TPOAb− group (52 vs 16%; P=0.0002). There was no difference in the prevalence of miscarriage or obstetric outcomes between recurrent miscarriage and healthy pregnant women group irrespective of TPO status.ConclusionsThe prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity was higher in pregnant women with a history of recurrent abortion compared with healthy pregnant control population. Following l-T4 treatment, there was no difference in prevalence of miscarriage between hypothyroid and euthyroid individuals in TPOAb+ women.

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Zhang, Yingying, Xi Yan, Jianhua Tan, Jifan Tan, Chunsheng Liu, Pan Yang, Yanping Xian i Qiong Wang. "Exposure of Reproductive-Aged Women to Multiple Metals and its Associations with Unexplained Recurrent Miscarriage". Toxics 11, nr 10 (30.09.2023): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11100830.

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Exposure to heavy metals exerts toxic effects on female reproduction and embryo development. This study examined the exposure of patients with unexplained recurrent miscarriage (uRM) to multiple metals and the correlations among exposures to different metals. A total of 275 participants were enrolled, including 43 healthy women without previous miscarriage (the control group) and 232 uRM women (the case group); among these uRM women, 159 had two miscarriages (2M), 42 had three miscarriages (3M) and 31 had four or more miscarriages (≥4M). A total of 22 elements were measured in serum samples via inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. The levels of calcium (104.37 mg/L vs. 92.65/93.02/92.61/92.47 mg/L) and selenium (131.85 µg/L vs. 117.80/118.04/115.88/124.35 µg/L) were higher in the controls than in the total uRM group and the 2M, 3M and ≥4M subgroups. The level of vanadium was significantly lower in the controls than in the total uRM group (0.15 µg/L vs. 0.23 µg/L), and the level of lead was lower in the controls than that in the total uRM group and the 2M, 3M and ≥4M subgroups (0.01 µg/L vs. 0.28/0.18/0.63/0.34 µg/L). After adjusting for age, body mass index and education level, calcium and selenium exposure were consistently negatively associated with miscarriage, while lead exposure was positively associated with miscarriage. In addition, the correlations among exposures to different metals slightly differed between the control and uRM groups. Therefore, changes in some metal elements in the blood might be related to the risk of uRM.

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Soomro, Lubna, Parvasha Memon, Muniza Malik i Saira Almas. "MISCARRIAGES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH DEPRESSION & QUALITY OF LIFE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY". Journal of University Medical & Dental College 11, nr 4 (16.12.2020): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37723/jumdc.v11i4.439.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Quality of life describes the way of perception of an individual’s position in life. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of miscarriages on quality of life and depression in women with or without miscarriages. METHODOLOGY: Descriptive Cross sectional study was conducted at different hospitals of Hyderabad, Sindh in six months among 200 participants (100 without miscarriage & 100 with miscarriages). The age range of the participants was 18–40 years. Demographic information was taken to get information about the participants like age, family system, education. Two validated, structured questionnaire namely; Quality of Life (QOL) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 23.0, independent sample t-test was applied to observe difference of depression and quality of life among women with or without miscarriages. RESULTS: In the sample among women with miscarriages 42 % were in the age range of 18-30 years and 58 % were of age 31-40 years. Among females without miscarriages 63% were aged 18-30 years and 37% were 31-40 years. Females without miscarriages have education up to masters (20%) and graduation (23%) and most females with miscarriages have primary education (38%). The independent sample mean differences revealed females with miscarriages more depressive (t = 24.407, p<0.05) than females without miscarriages (women without miscarriage =27.52±5.43; women with miscarriage =8.08±5.82). Females with miscarriages feel hopeless 73.3%, guilty 70.3%, highly self-blaming 68.3, and have feeling of complete failure 88.1%. 98% females reported that they don’t cry even they want to, on the other hand only 3% females without miscarriages reported this feeling. The perceived quality of life is higher in women without miscarriages (t =11.75, p= .000), 58.1% females with miscarriages have emotional problems, feeling nervous 59.4% and lack of cheerfulness 63.8%. CONCLUSION: Depression is increasing rapidly in the women that loss their fetus. They feel high sadness, grief and low quality of life as compared to women without miscarriages.

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Edwards, Dr Kate, Vivian Lee i Melanie Keep. "IDENTIFYING THE CURRENT PRACTISE IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ADVICE GIVEN TO WOMEN FOLLOWING A MISCARRIAGE AND THEIR ATTITUDES TOWARDS PHYSICAL ACTIVITY". Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology 13, s2 (1.05.2024): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.346.

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INTRODUCTION & AIMS Miscarriage is the most common adverse pregnancy outcome, with up to 36% of women reporting a miscarriage by 40-45 years old. While physical activity is known for its benefits on physical and mental health in various population, the evidence in women following a miscarriage is lacking. Therefore, the aim of the study is to identify current practice and advice on physical activity following a miscarriage, assess current physical activity levels and to identify women’s attitudes to physical activity following a miscarriage. Women’s willingness to participate in future studies on the benefits of physical activity following miscarriage was also examined. METHODS A cross-sectional survey consisting of 21 questions across 5 subsections including demographics, pregnancy loss experience, physical activity advice, physical activity participation and research participation was used. Participation was opened to all Australian women who had ever experienced a miscarriage. RESULTS A total of 77 surveys were complete and suitable for analysis. Most participants (82%, n=63) reported receiving no physical activity guidance following their miscarriages and said they would like physical activity advice specific to their experiences (84%, n=65). The proportion of women who do not meet the recommended physical activity guideline increase from pre-pregnancy (32%) to following a miscarriage (83%) and continues to be higher (58%) than it was pre-pregnancy. The most frequently identified barriers to physical activity was feeling mentally/emotionally unprepared (34%, n=51). Majority of participants (68%, n=52) were willing to participate in future studies on the benefits of physical activity for women post-miscarriage. CONCLUSION This study strongly supports the need for further research into appropriate physical activity guidelines for women following a miscarriage. There is a clear unmet need in this population who are being disadvantaged by the current lack of support and guidance.

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Kanki1, Kazuyoshi, Masaaki Ii, Yoshito Terai, Masahide Ohmichi i Michio Asahi. "Bone Marrow-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells Reduce Recurrent Miscarriage in Gestation". Cell Transplantation 25, nr 12 (grudzień 2016): 2187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/096368916x692753.

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Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been shown to contribute to not only angiogenesis in ischemic tissue but also neovascularization in uterine endometrium formation. Reduced neovascularization and elevation of serum soluble Flt1, a functional blockage of VEGF, in the development of placenta is thought to be one of the major causes of repeated miscarriages in gestation. We then examined whether transfusion of VEGF-expressing extrinsic EPCs prevented frequent miscarriage via its promotional effect on neovascularization with a VEGF–eNOS signaling pathway in a mouse miscarriage model. The results showed that systemic EPC transfusion significantly reduced the rate of miscarriage, and EPCs were frequently observed in the miscarriage placenta. In contrast, only a few EPCs were detected in the placenta of normal gestation. The vascular pattern was irregular, and vessel size was small in the miscarriage placenta compared with that of normal gestation. The placental vascular pattern in miscarriage tended to be normalized with increased vessel size up to a similar level as normal gestation by EPC recruitment. For the mechanistic insight, since soluble Flt1 inhibits EPC functions, it was suggested that the increased soluble Flt1 could suppress the recruited EPC functional activity in the miscarriage placenta. In vitro experiments by soluble Flt1 treatment in cultured EPCs suggested that the vascular abnormality could be partly due to the inhibition of eNOS expression by the increased amounts of soluble Flt1. These findings from animal experiments indicated that autologous EPC therapy may be a novel therapy to prevent miscarriage in high-risk pregnancies, such as preeclampsia.

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Hamal, Sharadha, Yogendra B. Gurung, Bidhya Shrestha, Prabin Shrestha, Nanda Lal Sapkota i Vijaya Laxmi Shrestha. "Factors associated with miscarriage in Nepal: Evidence from Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys, 2001–2016". PLOS ONE 19, nr 4 (29.04.2024): e0302001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302001.

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Background Miscarriage is a major public health concern in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Nepal. This study aims to examine the factors associated with miscarriage among pregnant women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in the past 15 years. Methods There were a total of weighted sample of 26,376 cross-sectional pregnancy data from Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHS) 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016 combined together, which was used in the study. Multilevel logistic regression analysis that adjusted for cluster and survey weights was used to identify factors associated with miscarriage among pregnant women of reproductive age in Nepal. Results The results showed that maternal age, contraception, tobacco smoking, wealth index, respondents’ educational status, and, caste/ethnicity were found to be strong factors of miscarriage in Nepal. The likelihood of having a miscarriage among older women (≥40 years) was more than 100% (aOR = 2.12, 95% CI [1.73, 2.59]), among non-users of contraception was 88.9% (aOR = 1.88, 95% CI [1.68, 2.11]) (p<005) and non-smoking women had a 19% lower odds of miscarriage (aOR = 0.81, 95% CI [0.69, 0.95]). Respondents from the richest wealth index had 50% (aOR = 1.50, 95% CI [1.22, 1.85]) higher likelihood of miscarriage. Mothers with only primary education had a 25% higher chance of miscarriage (aOR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.09, 1.44]) compared to those with secondary and higher secondary education. In relation to caste/ethnicity, Dalits had 13% lesser likelihood (aOR = 0.87, 95% CI [0.74, 1.02]) and Janajatis had 26% lower chances of a miscarriage than Brahmin/Chettri (aOR = 0.74, 95% CI [0.64, 0.85]). Conclusion Findings from this study show that miscarriages are associated with maternal age, use of contraception, smoking, wealth index, caste, and ethnicity. Interventions aimed to improve use of contraceptives, avoiding smoking and pregnancy planning on the basis of maternal age, are needed to prevent miscarriage. Also, women from Brahmin ethinicity and those with the highest income index require greater attention when it comes to miscarriage prevention strategies in Nepal.

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Fadhilah, Maisarah, Bobby Indra Utama i Tofrizal Tofrizal. "DIFFERENCES OF FIBRONECTIN LEVELS IN FIRST TRIMESTER NORMAL PREGNANCY AND MISCARRIAGE". Andalas Obstetrics And Gynecology Journal 8, nr 1 (30.01.2024): 648–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/aoj.8.1.647-652.2024.

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Introduction: Miscarriage is a reflection of the low quality of health in pregnant women. The incidence of miscarriage in the world accounts for 23 million (15%) of the 130 million births per year and up to 80% of miscarriages occur in the first trimester of pregnancy. Miscarriage will affect a woman's social, physical, and psychological. The complexity of the negative impact of miscarriage makes it necessary to pay special attention. Biomarker examination is needed to more accurately identify pregnancies at risk of miscarriage before the appearance of clinical symptoms. The use of fetal fibronectin (fFN) levels have been used as a marker of unexpected labor and as evidence of premature rupture of the fetal membranes. Normally fFN can be detected in cervical and vaginal secretions at <20 weeks gestation. The presence of fFN at >22 weeks gestation indicates disruption of the uteroplacental surface. Therefore, if screening for fibronectin levels using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test can be carried out in the first trimester of pregnancy, there is a high possibility that miscarriage can be prevented.Method: The type of research is analytical observational research with a cross-sectional research design. The stored samples were examined for fibronectin levels using the ELISA test, which included 21 blood serum samples from normal pregnancy patients in the first trimester and 21 miscarriage samples.Results: The results of the ELISA test produced an average first-trimester normal pregnancy fibronectin level of 118.8 Â± 18.4 ng/mL while the miscarriage fibronectin level was 208.2 Â± 152.0 ng/mL. Data analysis using the Mann-Whitney test obtained a p-value = 0.138, which means there was no significant difference in fibronectin levels between normal pregnancy in the first trimester and miscarriage.Conclusion: This study concludes that fibronectin levels are not specific biomarkers in detecting miscarriage in the first trimester of pregnancy.

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Weber, F. "About the treatment of miscarriage". Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 11, nr 9 (22.12.2020): 1090–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd1191090-1091.

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The question of how to deal with miscarriage in all its different phases is extremely important for the practitioner. Meanwhile, the opinions of prominent obstetricians about the treatment of miscarriages are very different. Abel, on the basis of 200 abortion cases successfully used in his clinic, is trying to give a guiding thread that should be used by the practitioner. The longest he stops on the treatment of abortus imperfectus, that is, those cases where a patient, after having committed an incomplete miscarriage, comes to the doctor with complaints of bleeding, and both the external and internal pharynx are already closed for the most part.

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Ng, Karen, Pui Wah Jacqueline Chung, Sze Man Law, Patricia Nga Ping Ip i Tin Chiu Li. "#87 : Intrauterine Adhesion in Ultrasound-Guided Manual Vacuum Aspiration (USG-MVA) Versus Electric Vaccum Aspiration (EVA): A Randomized Controlled Trial". Fertility & Reproduction 05, nr 04 (grudzień 2023): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318223742832.

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Background and Aims: Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is a possible complication after uterine surgery, especially after sharp curettage for miscarriages as it destroys the endometrial stratum basalis. This study aimed to determine and compare the IUA in women who underwent ultrasound-guided manual vacuum aspiration (USG-MVA) as opposed to traditional surgical evacuation (EVA) for the management of their first-trimester miscarriage. Methods: This was a prospective single-centre, randomised controlled trial conducted in a university-affiliated tertiary hospital. Chinese women aged [Formula: see text]18 years with a delayed miscarriage [Formula: see text]12 weeks of gestation or incomplete miscarriage attending the hospital were randomized to either USG-MVA or EVA for the management of their miscarriage. They were invited to come back for a hysteroscopic assessment for IUA at 6-20 weeks post-surgery to assess the incidence of IUA. Patients were contacted by phone at 6 months to assess their menstrual and reproductive outcomes. Results: 303 patients underwent surgical evacuation, of whom 152 were randomized to the ‘USG-MVA’ and 151 patients to the ‘EVA’. 126 from the USG-MVA group and 125 from the EVA group returned and completed the hysteroscopic assessment. The incidence of the IUA from USG-MVA was 19.0% (n=24/126) and was significantly lower compared to EVA, which was at 32.0% (n=40/125). There was no significant difference in menstrual outcomes at 6 months postoperatively between the two groups, but more patients had miscarriages in the EVA group with IUA. Conclusions: IUAs are a possible complication of USG-MVA. However, USG-MVA is associated with a lower incidence of IUA postoperatively at 6-20 weeks. USG-MVA is a feasible, effective, and safe alternative surgical treatment with less IUA for the management of first-trimester miscarriage.

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Liang, Chen, Hsin-Fang Chung, Annette J. Dobson i Gita D. Mishra. "Infertility, Miscarriage, Stillbirth, and the Risk of Stroke Among Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Stroke 53, nr 2 (luty 2022): 328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.121.036271.

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Background and Purpose: Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality, and women are impacted more from stroke than men in terms of their absolute number and in having worse outcomes. A growing number of studies have explored the association between pregnancy complications, pregnancy outcomes, and stroke. Limited studies, however, have investigated links involving infertility, miscarriage, and stillbirth, which could plausibly be associated via a background of endocrine conditions, endothelial dysfunction, and chronic systematic inflammation. This review aims to summarize current evidence and provide up-to-date information on the associations of infertility, miscarriage, and stillbirth, with stroke incidence. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted for cohort and case-control studies on associations between infertility, miscarriage, stillbirth, and stroke up to September 26, 2020. Seven databases were searched: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CINIHL, PsyclNFO, Wanfang, and CNKI. Random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. Results: Sixteen cohort studies and 2 case-control studies enrolling 7 808 521 women were included in this meta-analysis. Women who had experienced miscarriage or stillbirth were at higher risk of stroke (miscarriage: HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.00–1.14]; stillbirth: HR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.11–1.71]) than other women. The HRs of stroke for each additional miscarriage and stillbirth were 1.13 (95% CI, 0.96–1.33) and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.06–1.49), respectively. In subgroup analysis, increased risk of stroke was associated with repeated miscarriages and stillbirths (miscarriage ≥3: HR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.05–1.90]; stillbirth ≥2: HR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.04–1.26]). Associations between infertility and stroke were inconsistent and inconclusive (HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 0.87–1.32]). Conclusions: Miscarriage and stillbirth are associated with increased risk of stroke among women, which could be used as a contributing risk factor to help identify women at higher risk of stroke.

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Pedachenko, N. Y., N. P. Goncharuk, E. F. Chaikivska, T. F. Tatarchuk i T. M. Tutchenko. "Progestagens in high-risk pregnancy. What we know today". REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY, nr 68 (30.06.2023): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18370/2309-4117.2023.68.22-28.

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Miscarriage remains an important global problem: 23 million miscarriages are registered annually in the world, i.e. 44 pregnancy losses every minute, and the total risk of miscarriage is 15.3% of all pregnancies. Effective methods of pregnancy preservation (in case of idiopathic miscarriage and threatened miscarriage) include lifestyle modification and progestagen therapy. Progesterone is the main hormone necessary to maintain pregnancy.The effectiveness of progestogens among medical methods that increase the chances of pregnancy preservation has been proven by numerous studies. Effectiveness and safety of various types of progestogens during pregnancy have been studied. As a result, progesterone and dydrogesterone became the only progestogens approved for use in obstetrics – micronized progesterone and dydrogesterone reduce the frequency of miscarriage in women with clinical diagnoses of threatened miscarriage and idiopathic recurrent miscarriage. In addition, the progestogens safety has been carefully studied in modern randomized studies, prospective trials and meta-analyses and the same safety profile of dydrogesterone and micronized progesterone for pregnant women and the fetus has been proven.Studies have shown that oral dydrogesterone has relatively low antagonistic activity at glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors compared to progesterone and therefore well tolerated. Oral dydrogesterone due to the peculiarities of structure has improved bioavailability compared to progesterone, which allows a woman to avoid the inconvenience and discomfort associated with the intravaginal or intramuscular use of progesterone. In addition, dydrogesterone has a 1.5 times higher affinity for progesterone receptors compared to micronized progesterone and a pronounced anti-inflammatory and immunomodulation effect, which provides certain clinical advantages for patients after recurrent pregnancy losses.Thus, progestogens are indicated for all patients with recurrent pregnancy losses from the moment of receiving a positive pregnancy test, as they reduce the risk of miscarriage. It is important that the use of progestagen drugs during the first and second trimester of pregnancy is not associated with side effects

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Zubair, Hina, Lubna Riaz, Fartash Zahra, Sara Saeed Malik i Rabail Javed. "Comparison of Various Progesterone Drugs in Reducing Miscarriages". Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, nr 5 (30.05.2021): 971–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs21155971.

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Background: Threatened abortion is a common complication of pregnancy. In order to prevent miscarriage progesterone in various forms is administered in patients. This is done to allow pregnancy to proceed further beyond twenty week of gestation. Aim: To compare gravibinan (injected) with utrogestan/cyclogest (intra vaginal administration) in reduction of miscarriages. Study design: Case control study Place and duration of study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecologiy, Mohtrama Benzair Bhutto Shaheed Medical College Mirpur and Department of Pediatric, Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore from 1st April 2020 to 30th September 2020. Methodology: Pregnant women, who had vaginal bleeding until 20 weeks of their pregnancy, were assessed for inclusion. Participants were divided into three groups. Group A was given gravibinan, Group B was given utrogestan and Group C was given cyclogest. Results: Women infested with gravibinan had 20% those who still had miscarriage while the number of miscarriages significantly decreased to 14.2% in utrogestan group and 13.63% in cyclogest group (p<0.005). Conclusion: Cyclogest proved a better drug of choice for reducing miscarriages. Keywords: Miscarriages, progesterone, pregnancy

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Begtrup, Luise Moelenberg, Ina Olmer Specht, Paula Edeusa Cristina Hammer, Esben Meulengracht Flachs, Anne Helene Garde, Johnni Hansen, Åse Marie Hansen, Henrik Albert Kolstad, Ann Dyreborg Larsen i Jens Peter Bonde. "Night work and miscarriage: a Danish nationwide register-based cohort study". Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, nr 5 (25.03.2019): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-105592.

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ObjectiveObservational studies indicate an association between working nights and miscarriage, but inaccurate exposure assessment precludes causal inference. Using payroll data with exact and prospective measurement of night work, the objective was to investigate whether working night shifts during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.MethodsA cohort of 22 744 pregnant women was identified by linking the Danish Working Hour Database (DWHD), which holds payroll data on all Danish public hospital employees, with Danish national registers on births and admissions to hospitals (miscarriage). The risk of miscarriage during pregnancy weeks 4–22 according to measures of night work was analysed using Cox regression with time-varying exposure adjusted for a fixed set of potential confounders.ResultsIn total 377 896 pregnancy weeks (average 19.7) were available for follow-up. Women who had two or more night shifts the previous week had an increased risk of miscarriage after pregnancy week 8 (HR 1.32 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.62) compared with women, who did not work night shifts. The cumulated number of night shifts during pregnancy weeks 3–21 increased the risk of miscarriages in a dose-dependent pattern.ConclusionsThe study corroborates earlier findings that night work during pregnancy may confer an increased risk of miscarriage and indicates a lowest observed threshold level of two night shifts per week.

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Sucker, Christoph, Christof Geisen i Ursula Schmitt. "Hypofibrinogenemia and miscarriage: report of a first successful pregnancy under fibrinogen substitution and short review of the literature". Archive of Clinical Cases 9, nr 3 (24.09.2022): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.22551/2022.36.0903.10211.

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Disorders of fibrinogen have been reported to be associated not only with bleeding and thrombosis but also with miscarriage. Here, we report the case of a woman with genetically determined hypofibrinogenemia and recurrent miscarriages who had a first successful pregnancy under fibrinogen substitution. Current knowledge on fibrinogen disorders and recurrent miscarriages is briefly summarized and discussed.

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