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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Minorities”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 30 lipca 2024

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1

Wingrove-Haugland, Erik, i Jillian McLeod. "Not “Minority” but “Minoritized”". Teaching Ethics 21, nr 1 (2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/tej20221799.

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Rather than referring to “minorities,” “members of minority groups” or “underrepresented minorities,” we should refer to such individuals as “minoritized.” Using “minoritized” makes it clear that being minoritized is about power and equity not numbers, connects racial oppression to the oppression of women, and gives us an easy way to conceive of intersectionality as being a minoritized member of a minoritized group. The term “minoritized” reveals the fact that white males and other dominant groups minoritize members of subordinated groups rather than obscuring this agency, describes microaggressions better than the term ‘microaggressions,’ and helps explain the need for solidarity within minoritized groups. It gives us a powerful way to promote racial justice by appealing to the common experience of being excluded. While using “minoritized” risks creating a false equivalence that sees all instances of being minoritized as equal and discounting unique forms of oppression by subsuming them under a single term, using this term carefully can ensure that its advantages outweigh these risks.

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Pereira, Alexius. "Does Multiculturalism Recognise or ‘Minoritise’ Minorities?" Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism 8, nr 2 (wrzesień 2008): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9469.2008.00026_1.x.

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Fox, Jonathan, Patrick James i Yitan Li. "Religious Affinities and International Intervention in Ethnic Conflicts in the Middle East and Beyond". Canadian Journal of Political Science 42, nr 1 (marzec 2009): 161–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423909090064.

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Abstract. This study asks questions that are important for both theory and policy: Do ethnoreligious minorities attract more intervention than other ethnic minorities? Do Middle Eastern and Islamic ethnic minorities attract more international intervention than ethnic minorities living elsewhere, and if so, why? The Minorities at Risk database, which contains information on intervention in all ethnic conflicts between 1990 and 1995, is used to answer these questions. The findings show that Middle Eastern and Islamic minorities do, in fact, attract more international intervention than other minorities. This is due to a larger pattern where states, especially Islamic ones, rarely intervene on behalf of ethnic minorities with which they share no religious affinities. The results also show that ethnoreligious minorities are more likely to attract political intervention than other ethnic minorities. These results confirm the importance of religious affinities in spite of a general disposition in the field of international relations to minimize their effects.Résumé. Cette étude répond à des questions d'importance théorique et pratique. Est-ce que les minorités ethnoreligieuses attirent plus d'interventions internationales que les autres types de minorités? Est-ce que les minorités ethniques islamiques et du Moyen-Orient attirent plus d'interventions internationales que les minorités ethniques d'ailleurs et si oui, pour quelle raison? La banque de données du programme Minorities at Risk, qui répertorie les interventions dans tous les conflits ethniques survenus entre 1990 et 1995, est outillée pour répondre à ces questions. Les résultats de recherche démontrent que les minorités ethniques islamiques et du Moyen-Orient attirent, en effet, plus d'interventions internationales que les autres minorités. Cela s'explique par le fait que les États, et plus particulièrement les États islamiques, interviennent rarement en faveur des minorités avec lesquelles ils ne partagent aucune affinité religieuse. Les résultats démontrent également que les minorités ethnoreligieuses ont tendance à attirer plus d'interventions étrangères à caractère politique que les autres types de minorités. Les conclusions de recherche confirment donc l'importance que revêt l'affinité religieuse pour les interventions internationales dans les conflits ethniques, à l'encontre de l'opinion générale des experts en relations internationales, qui tendent à minimiser son rôle.

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4

Ghanea, N. "Are Religious Minorities Really Minorities?" Oxford Journal of Law and Religion 1, nr 1 (11.01.2012): 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ojlr/rwr029.

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SCHRAUB, DAVID. "The Distinctive Political Status of Dissident Minorities". American Political Science Review 114, nr 4 (3.08.2020): 963–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055420000659.

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“Dissident minorities” are members of marginalized groups who dissent from the consensus group position on matters seen as critical to their group’s collective liberation. This paper articulates the distinctive political status—powers, vulnerabilities, and obligations—of dissident minorities. Dissident minorities may be especially vulnerable to slurs or ostracism as “self-hating.” But they also can wield significant public influence by positioning themselves as exceptional and exemplary members of their group. Both the powers and vulnerabilities of dissident minorities, in turn, converge around the prospect of “tokenization”—the use of the dissident minority’s dissident opinion by majority group actors as a means of discharging a stipulated obligation to engage with the minority group writ large. While dissident minorities should be free to hold and advocate for their divergent positions in public spaces, they retain a distinctive obligation to not offer themselves out as adequate replacements for engagement with the broader group.

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Hennessy, Maurice N., C. E. J. Caldicott, Brian Mackey i Patrick Loughrey. "Minorities". Books Ireland, nr 127 (1988): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20626084.

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van Doorn-Harder, Nelly. "Minorities in Islam; Muslims as Minorities". Muslim World 104, nr 3 (lipiec 2014): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/muwo.12053.

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Browers, Michaelle. "Minorities in Islam/Muslims as minorities". Contemporary Islam 8, nr 3 (27.04.2014): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11562-014-0299-6.

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Zhao, Fei, Lu Song, Zhiyan Peng, Jianqin Yang, Guize Luan, Chen Chu, Jieyu Ding, Siwen Feng, Yuhang Jing i Zhiqiang Xie. "Night-Time Light Remote Sensing Mapping: Construction and Analysis of Ethnic Minority Development Index". Remote Sensing 13, nr 11 (28.05.2021): 2129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13112129.

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Using toponym data, population data, and night-time light data, we visualized the development index of the Yi, Wa, Zhuang, Naxi, Hani, and Dai ethnic groups on ArcGIS as well as the distribution of 25 ethnic minorities in the study area. First, we extracted the toponym data of 25 ethnic minorities in the study area, combined with night-time light data and the population proportion data of each ethnic group, then we obtained the development index of each ethnic group in the study area. We compared the development indexes of the Yi, Wa, Zhuang, Naxi, Hani, and Dai ethnic groups with higher development indexes. The results show that the Yi nationality’s development index was the highest, reaching 28.86 (with two decimal places), and the Dai nationality’s development index was the lowest (15.22). The areas with the highest minority development index were concentrated in the core area of the minority development, and the size varied with the minority’s distance. According to the distribution of ethnic minorities, we found that the Yi ethnic group was distributed in almost the entire study area, while other ethnic minorities had obvious geographical distribution characteristics, and there were multiple ethnic minorities living together. This research is of great significance to the cultural protection of ethnic minorities, the development of ethnic minorities, and the remote sensing mapping of lights at night.

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10

Grigoryan, Arman. "Concessions or Coercion? How Governments Respond to Restive Ethnic Minorities". International Security 39, nr 4 (kwiecień 2015): 170–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00200.

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Destabilized multiethnic states and empires are environments that are highly susceptible to violent ethnonationalist conflict. Conflicts between states built on the ruins of such empires and their minorities are especially common. James Fearon has famously argued that these conflicts are the result of minorities' rational incentives to rebel, which in turn are the result of newly independent states' inability to guarantee that these minorities will not be discriminated against if they acquiesce to citizenship, as well as expectations that over time the balance of power will shift against minorities as states consolidate their institutions. States can, however, take steps to reassure their minorities. The puzzle is why they often fail to do so. In fact, states often adopt policies that confirm minorities' worst fears, pushing them toward rebellion. Such action may be precipitated by a state's belief that a minority is motivated by a separatist agenda rather than by the desire to have its concerns and grievances satisfactorily addressed. If secession is a minority's primary objective, then concessions intended to demobilize the minority will only make the state more vulnerable to future demands and separatist bids. The existence of third parties with incentives to support minority separatism exacerbates the problem. The violent and nonviolent minority disputes in post-Soviet Georgia illustrate these findings.

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11

Khalik, Subehan, Mohamad Khadafi Hj Rofie i Ummi Farhah Usman. "Challenging Islamophobia by Action (An Overview of the Islamic Activist Movement in America from A Fiqh Aqalliyāt Perspective)". Jurnal Adabiyah 24, nr 1 (27.06.2024): 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/jad.v24i1a3.

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The issue of Islamophobia and the treatment of minorities is deeply rooted in the culture of Muslim societies. Throughout history, Islamic constitutional law has focused on the treatment of minority groups. However, the meaning of "minority" has evolved and shifted from referring to non-Muslim minority groups to Muslim minority groups. This research employs a qualitative methodology with an Islamic law and legal sociology approach, relying on empirical data. The article aims to emphasize the need for reassessing "minorities" and setting new standards in combating Islamophobia through a sociological approach by advocating fiqh al-Aqalliyāt as a tool to promote inclusivity among the Muslim majority. The results show that the movement against Islamophobia, based on the study of maqashid al-shariah with an emphasis on fiqh al-aqalliyat, is the main choice for American Muslim minorities. Abstrak Isu Islamofobia dan perlakuan terhadap minoritas berakar kuat dalam budaya masyarakat Muslim. Sepanjang sejarah, hukum konstitusional Islam telah berfokus pada perlakuan terhadap kelompok minoritas. Namun, makna "minoritas" telah berevolusi dan bergeser dari merujuk pada kelompok minoritas non-Muslim menjadi kelompok minoritas Muslim. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dengan pendekatan hukum Islam dan sosiologi hukum, dengan mengandalkan data empiris. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menekankan perlunya menilai kembali "minoritas" dan menetapkan standar baru dalam memerangi Islamofobia melalui pendekatan sosiologis dengan mengadvokasi fiqh al-Aqalliyāt sebagai alat untuk mempromosikan inklusivitas di antara mayoritas Muslim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gerakan melawan Islamofobia yang didasarkan pada kajian maqashid al-syariah dengan penekanan pada fiqh al-aqalliyat menjadi pilihan utama bagi minoritas Muslim Amerika.

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12

Brink, Chris. "On Minorities". South African Journal of Philosophy 24, nr 3 (styczeń 2005): 153–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajpem.v24i3.31422.

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Katz, Anne. "Invisible Minorities". Oncology Nursing Forum 41, nr 4 (26.06.2014): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1188/14.onf.343.

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Smith, Elsie M. J. "Ethnic Minorities". Counseling Psychologist 13, nr 4 (październik 1985): 537–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000085134002.

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Salla, Michael Emin. "Dedicated minorities". Peace Review 6, nr 2 (czerwiec 1994): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659408425800.

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Moran, Leslie J. "`Invisible minorities'". Criminology & Criminal Justice 7, nr 4 (listopad 2007): 417–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895807082065.

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Bassili, John N., i Allison Provencal. "Perceiving Minorities". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 14, nr 1 (marzec 1988): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167288141001.

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Barrett, C. K. "What minorities?" Studia Theologica - Nordic Journal of Theology 49, nr 1 (styczeń 1995): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00393389508600158.

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Watson, Michael A. "Researching Minorities". Market Research Society. Journal. 34, nr 4 (lipiec 1992): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147078539203400405.

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Bauder, Harald. "Book Review: Minorities within minorities: equality and diversity". Progress in Human Geography 30, nr 6 (grudzień 2006): 827–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132506071544.

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Dee, Edward Christopher, Joseph A. Paguio, J. Seth Yao, Jasmine Lim i Gideon Lasco. "Asian minorities in Asian countries: intersecting disparities affecting minoritised groups". Lancet Oncology 22, nr 9 (wrzesień 2021): e381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00350-8.

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Fox, Jonathan. "Are Religious Minorities More Militant than other Ethnic Minorities?" Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 28, nr 1 (styczeń 2003): 91–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030437540302800104.

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Rahman, Bobbi Aidi. "The Existence and Dynamics of Muslim Minorities in Southeast Asia". Ishlah: Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin, Adab dan Dakwah 5, nr 2 (20.12.2023): 279–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.32939/ishlah.v5i2.268.

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Southeast Asia has the largest Muslim population in the world, although in this region the majority of the population is Muslim, but in some areas, there are also Muslim minority populations who are under non-Muslim rule, causing conflicts and disputes between groups that lead to intimidation, attacks, and mass killings. The purpose of this paper is to find out and analyze the conditions and development of Muslim minorities in Southeast Asia and the government's efforts to reduce conflicts that occur with a focus on three countries, namely Thailand, the Philippines and Myanmar. The condition of Muslim minorities under non-Muslim governments is certainly different from the condition of the Muslim-majority population under the rule of Muslim governments. This research is qualitative research, which collects various data and sources related to the study, both sourced from literature in the form of journal articles, books, and from the mass media using historical methods, namely heuristics, verification, interpretation and historiography. As for the findings of this study, the condition of Muslim minorities in Thailand and the Philippines despite pressure from the authorities, slowly began to be a concern of the government. However, in contrast to the condition of Muslim minorities in Myanmar, especially in Rohingya, they have not yet received recognition of their identity as citizens from the government and the Muslim side has always been concerned. Asia Tenggara merupakan penduduk Muslim yang terbesar di dunia, meskipun di wilayah ini penduduknya mayoritas Muslim, akan tetapi di sebagian wilayah terdapat juga penduduk minoritas Muslim yang berada dibawah pemerintahan non-Muslim, sehingga menimbulkan konflik dan pertikaian antar kelompok yang berujung pada intimidasi, serangan, dan pembunuhan massal. Adapun tujuan dari tulisan ini untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis kondisi dan perkembangan minoritas Muslim di Asia Tenggara serta upaya pemerintah dalam meredam konflik yang terjadi dengan fokus terhadap tiga negara, yakni Thailand, Filipina dan Myanmar. Kondisi minoritas Muslim dibawah pemerintahan non-Muslim tentunya berbeda dengan kondisi penduduk yang mayoritas Muslim di bawah kekuasan pemerintahan Muslim. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, yakni mengumpulkan berbagai data dan sumber yang terkait dengan kajian, baik yang bersumber dari literatur-literatur berupa artikel jurnal, buku, maupun dari media massa dengan menggunakan metode sejarah, yaitu heuristik, verifikasi, interpretasi dan historiografi. Adapun hasil temuan kajian ini, bahwa kondisi minoritas Muslim di Thailand dan Filipina meskipun mendapat tekanan dari penguasa, namun dengan perlahan mereka mulai menjadi perhatian dari pemerintah. Akan tetapi, berbeda dengan kondisi minoritas Muslim di Myanmar, khususnya di Rohingya, mereka sama sekali belum mendapatkan pengakuan identitas sebagai warganegara dari pemerintah dan pihak Muslim selalu mengalami konflik yang tak kunjung selesai, meskipun beberapa organisasi internasional menjadi pihak penengah, namun konflik dan pertikaian tetap saja dialami oleh minoritas Muslim

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MORRIS, DIANA L., i MAY L. WYKLE. "Minorities in Nursing". Annual Review of Nursing Research 12, nr 1 (styczeń 1994): 175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0739-6686.12.1.175.

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Szönyi, Istvän. "Minorities and NATO". Comparative Southeast European Studies 42, nr 11-12 (1.11.1993): 667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/soeu-1993-4211-1204.

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Weaver, Delores, Jacqueline Dandridge i Janice L. Matthew. "Identifying Gifted Minorities". Gifted Child Today Magazine 16, nr 5 (wrzesień 1993): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107621759301600505.

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Young, David. "Licensing and Minorities". Business and Professional Ethics Journal 4, nr 3 (1985): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/bpej198543/417.

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Otto, Karl F. "Minorities and Materials". Die Unterrichtspraxis / Teaching German 25, nr 2 (1992): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3531909.

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Feder, Toni. "Minorities in physics". Physics Today 68, nr 1 (styczeń 2015): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.2652.

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Maume, David. "Minorities in Management". ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 639, nr 1 (15.12.2011): 198–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716211420230.

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Scholars differ on whether the increase in minority managers represents real or vacuous progress toward the elimination of racial bias in the labor market. This study uses the National Study of the Changing Workforce to examine racial differences in work outcomes across the authority divide. On balance, this study finds more support for the pessimistic view of the minority presence in management, in that racial wage inequality is as large among supervisors as among nonsupervisors, and minority supervisors get less challenging job assignments and are more vulnerable to layoffs than white supervisors. Among subordinates, this study finds support for “bottom-up ascription” processes, in that minority workers who report to a minority boss earn less despite being more committed workers. The article concludes with a brief discussion of the implications of these findings and the need for further research on minorities in management.

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Pedersen, Morten B. "BURMA'S ETHNIC MINORITIES". Critical Asian Studies 40, nr 1 (marzec 2008): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14672710801959133.

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Jones, Lovell A., i Carl Mansfield. "Minorities and Cancer". American Journal of Clinical Oncology 14, nr 1 (luty 1991): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000421-199102000-00020.

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Nickens, H. "Minorities and health". Academic Medicine 64, nr 3 (marzec 1989): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001888-198903000-00008.

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Mango, Andrew. "Remembering the minorities". Middle Eastern Studies 21, nr 4 (październik 1985): 118–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00263208508700644.

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Mango, Andrew. "Minorities and majorities". Middle Eastern Studies 23, nr 4 (październik 1987): 512–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00263208708700723.

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Lacalle, S. d. "324 million minorities". Science 353, nr 6297 (21.07.2016): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf8874.

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White, Patricia A., i William O. Faustman. "PTSD in Minorities". Psychiatric Services 40, nr 1 (styczeń 1989): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ps.40.1.86.

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Petersdorf, R. G., K. S. Turner, H. W. Nickens i T. Ready. "Minorities in medicine". Academic Medicine 65, nr 11 (listopad 1990): 663–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199011000-00001.

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Fennell, E. G. "Minorities in Medicine". Academic Medicine 66, nr 5 (maj 1991): 269–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199105000-00007.

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Bitter, Gary G. "Technology and Minorities:". Computers in the Schools 9, nr 1 (marzec 1992): 7–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j025v09n01_02.

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Koshland, D. E. "Minorities in Science". Science 262, nr 5136 (12.11.1993): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.262.5136.971.

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Papper, Bob. "Women and Minorities". Electronic News 6, nr 4 (grudzień 2012): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1931243112469932.

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Beran, Nancy J., Connie Claybaker, Cory Dillon i Robert J. Haverkamp. "Attitudes Toward Minorities:". Journal of Homosexuality 23, nr 3 (29.10.1992): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j082v23n03_05.

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RAWLS, REBECCA L. "MINORITIES IN SCIENCE". Chemical & Engineering News 69, nr 15 (15.04.1991): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v069n015.p020.

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Silvers, Anita. "Metaphysics for Minorities". Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 100, nr 1 (styczeń 2020): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/phpr.12665.

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Evans, Patricia E. "Minorities and AIDS". Health Education Research 3, nr 1 (1988): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/3.1.113.

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HEYLIN, MICHAEL. "Women and Minorities". Chemical & Engineering News 73, nr 17 (24.04.1995): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v073n017.p005.

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Reiterer, Albert F. "Minorities in Austria". Patterns of Prejudice 27, nr 2 (październik 1993): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0031322x.1993.9970110.

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King, Elisabeth, i Cyrus Samii. "Minorities and mistrust". Journal of Peace Research 55, nr 3 (22.08.2017): 289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343317707803.

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An enduring debate in the conflict management literature concerns the wisdom of recognizing versus avoiding reference to ethnic identities in institutions to manage ethnic conflict. Understanding why ethnic recognition occurs is crucial for informing this debate. We develop a theory based on functional and political mobilization effects of recognizing ethnic groups. Contrary to reasoning that minority leaders would be most interested in recognition, the theory suggests that recognition consistently favors the interests of leaders from larger, plurality groups, whereas minority leaders face a ‘dilemma of recognition’ between functional gains and mobilization threats. We use mixed methods to test our theory. For our quantitative analysis, we draw on an original coding of recognition in constitutions and comprehensive political settlements from 1990 to 2012. We find that for cases with leaders from plurality groups, recognition is adopted 60% of the time. With leaders from minority groups, the rate is about 40 percentage points lower, even after accounting for many background factors. Additional quantitative tests and a qualitative analysis present more detailed evidence to show that the processes correspond to the logic of our theory. Answering these questions about when and why recognition is adopted is a crucial step in evaluating its effects on conflict.

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Trimble, Brian, i Lewis B. Morgenstern. "Stroke in Minorities". Neurologic Clinics 26, nr 4 (listopad 2008): 1177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ncl.2008.05.010.

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