Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Minorities – Medical care – Great Britain

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Minorities – Medical care – Great Britain”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 25 lipca 2024

Data aktualizacji: 26 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Minorities – Medical care – Great Britain"

Ghalehsari, Nima, Pragnan Kancharla, Neil S. Nimkar, Anita Mazloom, Farah Ashraf, Angelica Singh i Mendel Goldfinger. "An Institutional Retrospective Study on Recognizing the Delay in Multiple Myeloma Diagnosis". Blood 134, Supplement_1 (13.11.2019): 3430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-127625.

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Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is the abnormal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow often resulting in debilitating symptoms ranging from ostealgia to pathological fractures from bone destruction. According to American Cancer Society, MM accounts for 1-2% of cancers and approximately 17% of hematological malignancies in the United States each year (1). Fifty percent of patients with symptomatic MM have three or more primary care visits before they are referred to a specialist, which is greater than any other cancer (5). It has been shown that a delay in diagnosing multiple myeloma negatively impacts the clinical course of the disease and hence the outcome in patients (2). Patients with longer diagnostic intervals also experience shorter disease free survival and more complications from treatment (4). Herein, a retrospective analysis was performed to determine the average delay in diagnosis of MM. Methods This is a retrospective electronic chart review of all indexed newly diagnosed MM cases between 1/1/2014 through 12/31/2018 at New York-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital (NYP BHM). NYP BMH is a Weill Cornell Medical College-affiliated hospital in Brooklyn, NY whose patient population includes those with private insurance, uninsured and Medicare/Medicaid. Data abstraction from the electronic medical record (EMR) was uniform and involved baseline characteristics such as age, gender and race. International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10-CM code (C90.00) was used for extraction of data which identified 492 patients. After excluding patients with MGUS or a prior diagnosis of multiple myeloma, 104 patients were included in the final study. We calculated the number of days between the date of first abnormal laboratory value seen on bloodwork for a myeloma related sign (at least 90 days prior to diagnosis) to the date of bone marrow biopsy that confirmed the diagnosis. The inclusion criteria were anemia defined as hemoglobin <12gm/dl, Hypercalcemia defined by corrected calcium >10, kidney dysfunction with a creatinine >1.5 and total protein >8. Results Of the 104 patients with newly diagnosed MM, 69 patients were diagnosed within 90 days of the first abnormal lab value recorded in our electronic medical record (EMR). Thirty-five patients (34%) had a delay in diagnosis at least 90 days with a mean delay of 38 months. Isolated anemia was the most common abnormal lab finding with 29/104 (28%) having documented anemia at least 90 days prior to diagnosis of myeloma. The mean delay in diagnosis for patients with anemia was 41 months. There were four patients with anemia and elevated creatinine with an average delay of 23 months. Five patients had anemia and elevated calcium with an average delay of 21 months. Nine patients had anemia and elevated total protein with an average delay of 38 months. Conclusion: In the current era where we have effective therapies for MM it is now more important than ever to avoid a delay in diagnosis. We demonstrate that 34% of patients receiving care at an Urban Teaching Hospital had at least a 90 day delay in their diagnosis of MM. Our cohort consisted of 64% African Americans, suggesting that minorities are more commonly affected by this. There is a need for more awareness amongst clinicians to consider the diagnosis of MM in the workup of anemia. References: 1. Kariyawasan, C. C., D. A. Hughes, M. M. Jayatillake, and A. B. Mehta. 2007. "Multiple Myeloma: Causes and Consequences of Delay in Diagnosis." QJM: Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians 100 (10): 635-40. 2. Siegel, Rebecca L., Kimberly D. Miller, and Ahmedin Jemal. 2019. "Cancer Statistics, 2019." CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21551. 3. Vélez R, Turesson I, Landgren O, Kristinsson SY, Cuzick J. Incidence of multiple myeloma in Great Britain, Sweden, and Malmö, Sweden: the impact of differences in case ascertainment on observed incidence trends. BMJ Open. 2016;6:e009584. 4. Kariyawasan CC, Hughes DA, Jayatillake MM, et al. Multiple myeloma: causes and consequences of delay in diagnosis. QJM 2007;100:635-40. 10.1093/qjmed/hcm077 5. Lyratzopoulos G, Neal RD, Barbiere JM, et al. Variation in number of general practitioner consultations before hospital referral for cancer: findings from the 2010 National Cancer Patient Experience Survey in England. Lancet Oncol 2012;13:353-65. 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70041-4 Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Balarajan, R., P. Yuen i D. Machin. "Socioeconomic differentials in the uptake of medical care in Great Britain." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 41, nr 3 (1.09.1987): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.41.3.196.

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Viziriakina, O. "The need to train competent specialists in the field of health care with experience in some aspects of international models". Health-saving technologies, rehabilitation and physical therapy 3, nr 1 (10.10.2022): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.58962/hstrpt.2022.3.1.15-18.

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The article examines the experience of the health care system, in particular medical rehabilitation: Germany, the Netherlands, Great Britain, which work with the application of the international Classification of Functioning. The measures and principles of the organization of the rehabilitation process as medical care are presented, which indicates the need to use new forms and approaches in the professional education of relevant specialists.

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Humphreys, H., i K. J. Towner. "Impact of Acinetobacter spp. in intensive care units in Great Britain and Ireland". Journal of Hospital Infection 37, nr 4 (grudzień 1997): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-6701(97)90144-4.

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Noland, Robert B., i Mohammed A. Quddus. "Improvements in medical care and technology and reductions in traffic-related fatalities in Great Britain". Accident Analysis & Prevention 36, nr 1 (styczeń 2004): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-4575(02)00132-x.

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Colgrove, James. "Reform and Its Discontents: Public Health in New York City During the Great Society". Journal of Policy History 19, nr 1 (styczeń 2007): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.2007.0000.

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The health-care system was one of the most visible and contentious battlegrounds on which the social conflicts of the 1960s unfolded. To an unprecedented extent, health status—especially the stark disadvantage in access and outcomes for racial and ethnic minorities and the poor—became an object of public and governmental concern during the Great Society era, as clinicians, community activists, politicians, and policymakers sought to create new models of medical care that were more equitable and efficient than those of the past. The social science theories that informed the ambitious programs of Lyndon Johnson's administration gave an imprimatur to the idea that illness was both cause and consequence of the “cycle of poverty.”

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Yargin, Sergey V. "On medical insurance: considerations based on foreign experience". Health Care of the Russian Federation 60, nr 4 (24.05.2019): 214–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0044-197x-2016-60-4-214-216.

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The health care organization in Russia is similar to the same in Great Britain where exists public medical care system. At the same time, Russian health care, being insurance, bear resemblance with German health care. The significant characteristic of insurance medicine in Germany is availability of mechanism ofprice ofpoint that is shortly discussed in this article. The application of this mechanism leads to that in overall country the price of medical service is approximately the same independently of insurer. Accordingly, most of private medical practitioners and medical organizations receive all insured patients. The similar mechanism can successfully function only on the assumption of conscientiousness and higher level of professional knowledge of physicians who are not to prescribe pharmaceuticals and diagnostic procedures without sufficient indications. The adoption of mechanism ofpoint price by Russian health care would permit to redirect part of patients insured by mandatory medical insurance to private medical centers and private medical practitioners.

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Tavares, Jane, Marc Cohen i Ann Hwang. "Tracking Progress on Person-Centered Care for Older Adults: Are We Doing Right by Racial and Ethnic Minorities?" Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (1.12.2021): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2098.

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Abstract Person-Centered care is integral and necessary to high-quality systems of care, providing a holistic approach and addressing the needs and preferences of individuals. Analyzing the 2014 and 2016 Health and Retirement Survey we measure the extent to which the health care system provides person-centered care, to whom and how its receipt affects satisfaction levels and service utilization. About one-third of individuals’ report that their preferences were only rarely or sometimes takes account. Results vary greatly by race, highlighting great disparities in person-centered care. One in four Hispanics and one in six Blacks report never having their preferences taken into account compared to roughly one in ten Whites. When people report that their preferences are ignored, they are more likely to forgo medical care and report lower satisfaction with the system. Strategies exist to strengthen and assure advancements in person-centered care, something particularly needed for people of color and low-income populations.

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Seston, Elizabeth Mary, Ellen Ingrid Schafheutle i Sarah Caroline Willis. "“A little bit more looking…listening and feeling” A qualitative interview study exploring advanced clinical practice in primary care and community pharmacy". International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 44, nr 2 (22.11.2021): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-021-01353-9.

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AbstractBackground Growing demands on healthcare globally, combined with workforce shortages, have led to greater skill mix in healthcare settings. Pharmacists are increasingly moving into complex areas of practice, a move supported by policy and education/training changes. Aim To understand the nature of extended roles for pharmacists practising at an advanced level in primary care and community pharmacy settings, to explore how clinical and physical examination was incorporated into practice and to understand the impact of providing such examination on practice and on patient relationships. Method Telephone interviews (N = 15) were conducted with a purposive sample of pharmacists using clinical and physical examination in their practice in Great Britain. The sample included primary care pharmacists (N = 5), community pharmacists (N = 4), pharmacists working across settings (N = 5) and one working in another primary care setting. Participants were recruited through professional networks, social media and snowballing. Results Primary care pharmacists and community pharmacists were utilising clinical and physical examination skills in their practice. Some community pharmacists were operating locally-commissioned services for low acuity conditions. Incorporating such examinations into practice enabled pharmacists to look at the patient holistically and enhanced pharmacist/patient relationships. Barriers to practise included lack of timely sharing of patient data and perceived reluctance on the part of some pharmacists for advanced practice. Conclusion With growing opportunities to provide patient-focussed care, it remains to be seen whether pharmacists, both in Great Britain and elsewhere, are able to overcome some of the organisational, structural and cultural barriers to advanced practice that currently exist in community pharmacy.

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Waisel, David B. "The Role of World War II and the European Theater of Operations in the Development of Anesthesiology as a Physician Specialty in the USA". Anesthesiology 94, nr 5 (1.05.2001): 907–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200105000-00031.

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World War II was a time of growth and development of anesthesia as a physician specialty. Wartime training exposed neophyte physician-anesthetists to role models who showed the potential of anesthesiology and to the richness of practicing anesthesia. Wartime anesthesia required dexterity, imagination, and pluck, and surgeons and other physicians were suitably impressed. Drawing historical conclusions about cause and effect is hazardous. Recognized and unrecognized biases, preconceived notions, and the quality and type of resources available affect writers. With this in mind, consider how the effects of World War II on the growth of physician anesthesia loosely parallel the growth of anesthesia in Great Britain during the 19th century. Anesthesia became a medical profession in Great Britain because of the interest and support of physicians and the complexity of administering chloroform anesthesia. Similarly, World War II physician-anesthetists showed they could provide complex anesthesia care, such as pentothal administration, regional anesthesia, and tracheal intubation, with aplomb and gained the support of surgical colleagues who facilitated their growth within a medical profession. They returned to a medium ready to support their growth and helped to establish the medical profession of anesthesiology in the United States.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Minorities – Medical care – Great Britain"

Grubb, Penelope Ann. "The impact of information technology upon primary health care in Great Britain". Thesis, University of Hull, 1991. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:4567.

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This is a study of the impact of information technology on health care in Great Britain. Its major aim is to identify means by which information technology may improve the quality of health care in specific areas within the health services.The study concentrated upon general practice and was split into three stages. The first was a survey of general practice computing, conducted to give an overview of the use of computers in general practice. Following this, was a more detailed study of general practice miniclinics. The final stage was an in-depth investigation into the use of computers in the care and treatment of diabetes.

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Beniuk, Kathleen. "Integrating evidence-based medicine and service design : a study of emergency department crowding". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610514.

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Carter, Holly R. "The Effects of Age, Sex, and Class Stratification and the Use of Health Care Services among Older Adults in the United Kingdom". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2256/.

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As the population ages, providing health services for the growing number of older people will become an increasingly difficult problem. In countries where the health services are provided by the government, these problems are involved with complicated issues of finance and ethics. This is the case of the National Health Service, the government institution providing health care for the citizens of the United Kingdom. Knowing what social factors influence health care usage can be a link to match usage and funding. Literature has shown that health care utilization can be predicted by social factors, as well as the medical model, and from this orientation social variables were drawn from the 1994 General Household Survey. Social factors were analyzed to determine relationships that exist between certain types of health care use and these factors. Age, sex, and class, the three main factors shown in literature to affect usage, were then analyzed to determine if services are allocated on the basis of these factors or the basis of need from illness and disability. Results of the study show that of the predisposing variables, age, sex, and class, are associated with most types of health care use. From the enabling variables, both source of income and visits from friends and relatives are associated with most types of health care. Of the illness determinants, disability, limiting illness, restricted activity days and eyesight difficulty were all related to health care use. When intervening control variables were introduced, the intervening control variables of difficulty with activities of daily living and difficulty with instrumental activities of daily living had an explanatory effect on the use of home help, district nursing, consultations with a general practitioner at home, consultations with a general practitioner at a surgery or health clinic, and inpatient stays. These services were offered more according to need than the factors of age, sex, and class.

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McCormack, Brendan. "An exploration of the theoretical framework underpinning the autonomy of older people in hospital and its relationship to professional nursing practice". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670229.

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Ritch, Alistair Edward Sutherland. "Medical care in the workhouses in Birmingham and Wolverhampton, 1834-1914". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5910/.

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This study of the medical role of the urban workhouses of Birmingham and Wolverhampton after the New Poor Law addresses the following questions: what were the standards of medical and nursing practice and what treatments were used to alleviate inmates’ suffering? It considers the nature of illnesses encountered covering acute non-infective illnesses, infectious disease and chronic disability, and highlights the important role the workhouse played in providing institutional care, especially in the isolation of epidemic diseases. Birmingham workhouse had a well-developed medical service prior to the New Poor Law and this continued until the mid-nineteenth century. By comparison, Wolverhampton workhouse did not meet satisfactory levels of medical and nurse staffing until near the end of the century. The study provides a new perspective on medical care in workhouse infirmaries by showing how standards varied over time within the same institution and how medicalisation of the workhouse began in the early years after the New Poor Law. Medical care in workhouses has been viewed as important only in the context of the development of the National Health Service but this study demonstrates that it provided significant, and at times high quality, medical treatment for the poor.

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White, Christopher P. "NHS resource allocation 1997 to 2003 with particular reference to the impact on rural areas". Thesis, St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/825.

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Humphris, Rachel Grace. "New migrants' home encounters : an ethnography of 'Romanian Roma' and the local state in Luton". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3af69cfa-2cd7-4972-afb2-14d92238d25a.

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This ethnographic study explores how 'Romanian Roma' migrants in the UK, without previous relationships to their place of arrival, negotiate their identity to make place in a diverse urban area. The thesis argues that state forms are (re)produced through embedded social relations. The restructuring of the UK welfare state, coupled with processes of labelling, means that the notion of public and private space is changing. Migrants' encounters with state actors in the home are increasingly important. I lived with three families between January 2013 and March 2014, during a period of shifting labour market regulations and the end of European Union transitional controls in January 2014. Through mapping families' relationships and connections, I identify encounters in the home with state actors regarding children as a defining feature of place-making. The thesis introduces the term 'home encounter' to trace the interplay of discourses and performances between state actors and those they identified as 'Romanian Roma'. Due to the restructuring of UK welfare, various roles assume different 'faces of the state'. These include education officers, health visitors, sub-contracted NGO workers, charismatic pastors and volunteers. The home encounter is presented as a public 'state act' (Bourdieu 2012) where negotiations of values take place in private space determining access to membership and welfare resources. In addition, blurring boundaries between welfare regulations and immigration control mean that these actors' seemingly small decisions have far-reaching consequences. The analysis raises questions of how to understand practices of government in diverse urban areas; the affect of labelling, place and performance on material power inequalities; and processes of discrimination and othering.

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Murphy, Richard. "Health professionals and ethnic Pakistanis in Britain : risk, thalassaemia and audit culture". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2802.

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The central theme or 'red-thread' that I consider in this thesis is the concept of risk as it is perceived by and affects the two sides of the medical encounter -in this instance ethnic Pakistanis and Health Professionals- in Britain. Each side very often perceives risk quite distinctively, relating to the balance between the spiritual and temporal realms. This is particularly germane in matters to do with possible congenital defects within the prenatal realm for the ethnic Pakistani, and predominantly Muslim, side of this encounter. Thus one of the factors considered in this thesis is how senses of Islam impact upon the two sides. By ethnic Pakistanis Islam is seen as central to all life decisions, whilst Health Professionals view Islam with some considerable trepidation, little understanding it or its centrality to the former's decision-making processes. This is particularly significant with regard to attitudes to health and health care. In the initial stages of the project I had thought first cousin marriage (FCM), seen by ethnic Pakistanis as desirable and by Health Professionals as putting ethnic Pakistanis at-risk to be central to the argument, but concluded that concerns around FCM were a 'red herring', merely a trope for the tensions between the two sides -at once both British and at-risk from audit culture. Although no longer central, FCM remains a viable touchstone in consideration of the two sides' perceptions of genetic risk. In this thesis the medical encounter between ethnic Pakistanis and Health Professionals is performed within the realm of the so called New Genetics. Here the respective understandings of the New Genetics are informed by the enculturation processes that shape the two sides' world view. Furthermore, I will agree with Lord Robert Winston's and others' concern that any attempt to eradicate an adaptive genetic mutation, in this instance, thalassaemia, from the gene pool is not only undesirable in the short term, but also that such eradications may have an adverse, and far reaching, effect on whole population groups in the future. The main thrust of my argument is that audit culture not only compounds risk for both sides, but also perpetuates institutional racism within the National Health Service (NHS), by promulgating what I have called the language myth. That is to say that much institutional racism is the unwanted by-product of the NHS's attempts to become more patient centred and its continuing efforts to develop systems of best practice. This professionalisation process within the NHS can be seen to impact most strongly in relation to communication -particularly the claimed language barrier between the two sides. This 'barrier' has worrying policy implications for any meaningful communication between the two sides, notably relating to obtaining informed consent from ethnic Pakistani patients -with a resultant increase in risk for the two sides and clear economic consequences for the NHS.

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康詠儀 i Wing-yee Veronica Hong. "A comparative study of healthcare financing systems in US, UK and HK". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41709858.

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Bland, Rosemary. "Senior citizens, good practice and quality of life in residential care homes". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/70.

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This thesis is an examination of the definition and implementation of ‘good practice’ in residential care for senior citizens. The central contention is that ‘good practice’ is a term that has been variously defined. Different groups define it in different ways, and their definitions have changed over time. This reflexive qualitative study explores ‘good practice’ in local authority, voluntary and private residential care homes in Scotland from the perspective of policy, practice and the experience of senior citizens who live in them. The study is based on analysis of policy documents, historical studies, and reanalysed interview and survey data from two earlier studies conducted by the author and colleagues. The thesis shows that the notion of ‘good practice’ that emerges in policy and practice documents is a confused and often conflicting set of ideas. Historically, the earliest were driven by concerns over cost. In more modern times, statements about ‘good practice’ have had a more benevolent intent but are frequently flawed by paternalistic and ageist assumptions. It is shown that staff in residential homes typically adopt a different set of attitudes: their preoccupation is with safety and the avoidance of risk. Although benevolent in intention, these interpretations of ‘good practice’ are also at variance with what residents themselves actually want. Two particular models or styles of care are examined in detail. One of these is the use of ‘keyworkers’, often implemented in ways that fail to realise its potential. The other is the ‘hotel’ model of care. The potential of this model as an alternative to the statutory model is explored. The thesis concludes that it is a model that can realise the goal of enabling residents to exercise independence, choice and privacy while meeting their needs in residential care.

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Książki na temat "Minorities – Medical care – Great Britain"

Ghada, Karmi, red. The ethnic health handbook: A factfile for health care professionals. Cambridge, Mass., USA: Blackwell Science, 1996.

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McNaught, Allan. Race and health care in the United Kingdom. London: Health Education Council, 1985.

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McNaught, Allan. Health action and ethnic minorities. London: Published for The Resource by Bedford SquarePress, 1987.

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author, Rasheed Elizabeth, red. BTEC health and social care level 2 asssessment guide: Equality and diversity in health and social care. London: Hodder Education, 2013.

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Hussain, Yasmin. South Asian disabled young people and their families. Bristol: Policy Press, Joseph Rowntree Association, 2002.

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Pearson, Maggie. Generations of an invisible minority: The health and well being of the Irish in Britain. Liverpool: University of Liverpool, Institute of Irish Studies, 1991.

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Pearson, Maggie. Generations of an invisible minority: The health and well being of the Irish in Britain : a preliminary survey. Liverpool: Institute of Irish Studies, University of Liverpool, 1991.

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Michie, Val. Health and social care. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes, 2006.

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Ann, Brechin, red. Care matters: Concepts, practice, and research in health and social care. London: Sage Publications, 1998.

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Richards, Judy. A-Z handbook: Health & social care. Wyd. 3. Deddington: Philip Allan Updates, 2010.

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Części książek na temat "Minorities – Medical care – Great Britain"

Smart, George A. "Medical Education, Care, and Research in Britain (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)". W Ciba Foundation Symposium 21 - Medical Research Systems in Europe, 27–39. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720042.ch4.

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Parsons, Jordan A., i Elizabeth Chloe Romanis. "Legal and policy restrictions on telemedical early medical abortion in the United States during COVID-19". W Early Medical Abortion, Equality of Access, and the Telemedical Imperative, 147–60. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780192896155.003.0009.

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In this chapter, we outline the failures of the federal and state governments in the US to enable remote abortion care during the COVID-19 pandemic. First, federal requirements that people must attend an abortion clinic for early medical abortion to be dispensed to them have constituted an absolute barrier to the establishment of telemedical provision nationwide, which the Supreme Court inadequately failed to recognise and enjoin. Second, there remain state barriers to telemedical early medical abortion that would have presented an obstacle even if federal requirements were lifted that must be addressed. Finally, we highlight how some state executives monopolised on the COVID-19 crisis to erect yet more barriers to abortion care. Whilst abortion access improved in Great Britain due to the pandemic because of telemedical provision, it is, unfortunately, a very different story in the US, in which people (especially vulnerable minorities) were effectively denied their constitutional right to privacy.

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Stevens, Rosemary. "Governments and Medical Care: Comparing the U.S. and Great Britain in 1977". W The Public-Private Health Care State, 157–71. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315134369-8.

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Parsons, Jordan A., i Elizabeth Chloe Romanis. "The legal and policy response to abortion care in the United Kingdom during COVID-19". W Early Medical Abortion, Equality of Access, and the Telemedical Imperative, 127–46. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780192896155.003.0008.

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In this chapter, we consider the changes to abortion law introduced in Great Britain in March 2020 in response to access concerns related to the COVID-19 pandemic. These changes allowed, for the first time in Great Britain, home use of mifepristone. This meant people could access abortion entirely remotely, and thus safely, from their homes. Before these changes, remote abortion care was unlawful because it was not lawful for persons to receive abortion medications without attending a clinic nor for them to administer mifepristone at home. This chapter outlines how these changes came to fruition, the substantive detail of the changes, and what they mean for abortion care in Great Britain. We also consider why these changes have not been made, and the impact of this, in Northern Ireland. We argue that these changes to the law should be made permanent in order to address socio-legal barriers to care.

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Mazur, Dennis J. "Medical-legal aspects of evidence-based choice and shared decision-making". W Shared Decision-Making in Health Care, 165–70. Oxford University PressOxford, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199546275.003.0023.

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Abstract Evidence-based patient choice and shared decision-making may begin to have medical – legal consequences as they enter into the patient care arena. These two emerging contemporary approaches to information in patient care will have to face the long history of the judge-made law of consent and informed consent that has evolved in the high courts around the world. In this chapter, I will describe the different ways shared decision-making may be viewed medico – legally, using particular examples available from the courts of Great Britain, the United States, Canada, and Australia in relation to the patient – physician relationship and the duties of care and disclosure owed by physicians to their patients.

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"Families, Health Care, and Social Services". W Family Change and Family Policies in Great Britain, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States, redaktorzy Sheila B. Kamerman i Alfred J. Kahn, 160–77. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198290254.003.0012.

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Abstract Early in this century, voluntary organizations and municipal governments provided social services for low-income families and others unable to cope without assistance. Medical services delivered by physicians in private practice and hospitals were often unaffordable for the poor. By the 1930s, the cost of public welfare expenses was shared among three levels of government. After the 1930s Depression, when charities were stretched to the limit, municipalities went bankrupt paying unemployment benefits, and doctors worked without payment, many Canadians came to believe that the federal government had a larger role to play in funding health and social services.

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Parsons, Jordan A., i Elizabeth Chloe Romanis. "Abortion exceptionalism and the law in the United Kingdom and United States". W Early Medical Abortion, Equality of Access, and the Telemedical Imperative, 13–30. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780192896155.003.0002.

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In this chapter, we outline the legal frameworks that govern abortion provision in the UK (including Great Britain and Northern Ireland) and the US. We argue that abortion is ‘exceptionalised’ within these frameworks such that abortion care in both jurisdictions is distinguished from other aspects of healthcare. This ‘abortion exceptionalism’, which is the use of unique rules to place limitations on why, where, and how abortion care can be provided, has the effect of labelling abortion care as ‘nonessential’, even though abortion is increasingly being appropriately recognised as essential healthcare. This has resulted in abortion being subject to increased regulation, supervision, and limitations on decision-making.

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Rostow, W. W. "Population and the Stages of Growth". W The Great Population Spike and After. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195116915.003.0006.

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Hamish McRae's The World in 2020 begins its discussion of population with this blunt sentence: "Of all the forces that will change the world over the next generation, demography is probably the most important." 1 agree. After all, men, women, and children determine the demand for things; men and women determine the size of the workforce; and if the supply of goods and services they produce and export is not adequate, people go hungry, lack medical services, and all too often perish too young. The rhythm of human life is such that those who are born now will, by and large, live through the middle of the next century. We owe them some things. However, as this chapter argues, the future is complicated by more than simply the rate of increase of the population. There are those who do not trace the beginning of modern economics to David Hume, Adam Smith, and their colleagues in the Scottish Enlightenment of the 18th century. They prefer the "Political Arithmeticians"— the statisticians—of the late 17th century, the greatest of whom was William Petty. Petty ranged widely over the field of economics including some wise and subtle reflections on the role of minorities in international trade. In 1695, Gregory King estimated the national accounts of England and Wales as of 1688. He used, essentially, a modern balance-sheet method, demonstrating the relationships between output and expenditure for five sectors of the economy. But it was John Gaunt as early as 1662 who cast the longest shadow on the future with his estimates of death rates in London based on the bills of mortality. His work is the beginning of modem demography. What stirred these late-17th-century inquiries? It was not a precocious academic interest in measuring population and national income; it was a sense that the nations of Europe were emerging from the feudal past and its internal struggles for power into an international arena of hostility and combat. In the following century, Britain and France, for example, were at war for more than 43 years.

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Bonner, Thomas Neville. "Toward New Goals for Medical Education, 1830-1850". W Becoming a Physician. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195062984.003.0011.

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The years around 1830, as just described, were a turning point in the movement to create a more systematic and uniform approach to the training of doctors. For the next quarter-century, a battle royal raged in the transatlantic countries between those seeking to create a common standard of medical training for all practitioners and those who defended the many-tiered systems of preparing healers that prevailed in most of them. At stake were such important issues as the care of the rural populations, largely unserved by university-trained physicians, the ever larger role claimed for science and academic study in educating doctors, the place of organized medical groups in decision making about professional training, and the role to be played by government in setting standards of medical education. In Great Britain, the conflict over change centered on the efforts of reformers, mainly liberal Whigs, apothecary-surgeons, and Scottish teachers and practitioners, to gain a larger measure of recognition for the rights of general practitioners to ply their trade freely throughout the nation. Ranged against them were the royal colleges, the traditional universities, and other defenders of the status quo. Particularly sensitive in Britain was the entrenched power of the royal colleges of medicine and surgery— “the most conservative bodies in the medical world,” S. W. F. Holloway called them—which continued to defend the importance of a liberal, gentlemanly education for medicine, as well as their right to approve the qualifications for practice of all other practitioners except apothecaries. Members of the Royal College of Physicians of London, the most elite of all the British medical bodies, were divided by class into a small number of fellows, almost all graduates of Oxford and Cambridge, and a larger number of licentiates, who, though permitted to practice, took no part in serious policy discussions and could not even use such college facilities as the library or the museum. “The Fellows,” claimed a petition signed by forty-nine London physicians in 1833, “have usurped all the corporate power, offices, privileges, and emoluments attached to the College.”

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Wadsworth, Michael E. J. "Prediction of Adult Disease". W The Epidemiology Of Childhood Disorders, 498–517. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195075168.003.0018.

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Abstract The notion that childhood provides the basis of the adult’s intellectual and moral status is extremely old. However, with the exception of studies of height growth, the idea that the foundation of adult health is prepared in the early years of life has been slower to develop. In Britain the findings of the Boer War recruiting medical examinations (MacKenzie & Matthew, 1904) and the Interdepartmental Committee on Physical Deterioration (British Parliamentary Papers, 1904) raised anxieties about the health of the nation’s young people. Although the outcome was of great value in terms of the public health care of mothers and infants (Dwork, 1987), the implications for epidemiologic studies of etiology were recognized much more slowly.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Minorities – Medical care – Great Britain"

Samkharadze, Sophio, Marika Zurmukhtashvili, Eka Kokhreidze, Elene Kharashvili i Sesili Beriashvili. "Availability of Dental Services for Medical Students in Georgia". W Socratic Lectures 8. University of Lubljana Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55295/psl.2023.ii5.

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Oral health is important issue in field of public health and can be negatively affected by psycho-emotional factors. Foreign medical students can be subjected to oral disease risk factors and therefore be in significant need for regular dental care, but there is a lack of in-formation how good students access the dental clinics. Study aimed to evaluate the acces-sibility to dental care for foreign medical students in Georgia. We conducted an online survey in duration of two weeks in October – November 2022. Study sample were medical undergraduate students, they answered 12 questions about frequency and type of dental visits, about availability and quality of dental care they received in Georgia. Overall from 270 medical undergraduate students aged between 18-45 years, 70% were male and 30% female. 70% were from Jordan, Iran - 15%, Egypt - 4%; Great Britain - 4%, France - 4% and Rwanda - 4%. In their countries 50% of students used to visit dental clinics every 6 months for regular check-up (70%); professional cleaning (31%) and dental pain (27%). 81.48% of interviewed students have never visited a dental clinic in Georgia. Among them who vis-ited, the purpose was check-up (65%) and dental pain (30%). For the source of information about dental clinics the students named internet (60%). Access to dental care was rated as medium (37.50%), while overall satisfaction was rated as normal (47.62%). The study showed very low rate of referral to the dentist. However, among those who visited the clin-ic, their evaluations were satisfactory. We can estimate the lack of information as an im-portant barrier for students. In addition, some students arrived in Georgia only a few months before the study started, so there might be no need to visit dentist in the time inter-val studied. Further research is needed to clearly identify possible barriers for dental care for medical students. Keywords: Oral health; Dental care; Accessibility of dental care; Medical students

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