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1
Popov, S. O., R. A. Timchenko i O. O. Yerina. "IRON ORE MINING GEOMECHANICAL PROBLEMS IN UKRAINE". ACADEMIC JOURNAL Series: Industrial Machine Building, Civil Engineering 2, nr 49 (17.10.2017): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/znp.2017.49.836.
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The paper deals with problems in Ukrainian iron ore mining industry resulted from enterprises reaching deep levels of mining. There are also described main causes of hazardous situations due to geomechanical factors at such depths, dynamic forms of excessive rock pressure manifestations, and types of external factors affecting the state and behavior of load-bearing elements of mining and technological objects below the surface to enable mining operations. The paper provides recommendations on creating a specialized geomecanics support system for mining enterprises which is based on labour safety risk-management principles as well as it presents geomechanics tasks to be solved by the system.
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Sashourin, A. D., i V. V. Melnik. "Relationship between Geomechanics and Subsoil Use from the Perspective of the Legislative Definition of the Term 'Subsoil'". Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), nr 1S/2022 (16.03.2022): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-100-104.
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The article presents a historical overview of the development of Geomechanics as a science in the re-search school of the Institute of Mining of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A par-ticular attention is given to research into the stress-and-strain state of the rock mass and its changes in the course of operating the mining facilities, which plays a crucial role in securing the stability of struc-tures, mining safety, and prevention of major accidents. To ensure the safety of mining, a complex of research methods is used, including theoretical studies, physical and computer modeling, geophysical sensing of rock masses, ground-surface and satellite geodetic studies of the deformation processes. Geomechanical studies carried out at the Institute of Mining helped to gain new insights into the struc-ture of rock masses, variability of the stress-and-strain state, its mosaic structure as determined by the self-organization process within hierarchical block mass, to reveal the sources of emergencies and cat-astrophic events in mining. Current geomechanical research at the Institute is dedicated to the development of a scientific approach and execution of territory zoning using the criterion of technogenic and natural disasters in mining, studying regularities in the self-organization processes within the rock mass, development of technology to select favorable locations for hazardous and critical mining facili-ties. A special role is played by the prediction of possible changes in the stressandstrain state over time. The Geomechanics Department of the Institute of Mining uses field studies of the rock mass structure, geodetic studies of its mobility, remote sensing using satellite interferometry, and computer simulation of the properties and processes that take place within the rock mass.
3
Nguyen, V. U. "Some fuzzy set applications in mining geomechanics". International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 22, nr 6 (grudzień 1985): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(85)90002-6.
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Aleksandr P., Gospodarikov, Morozov Konstantin V. i Revin Ilia E. "Analysis of the time series of seismic and deformation monitoring, obtained from closed works at the Kirovsky mine of JSC "Apatite"". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 9, nr 2 (1.07.2020): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v9i2.29888.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the time series, obtained from seismic and deformation monitoring from closed works of Kukisvumchorr deposit JSC "Apatite". The objective of this study is to develop a method for assessing the results of monitoring geomechanical processes in the rock mass on the example of the Kirov mine JSC "Apatit". As a result of closed works, rock masses are changing its natural state of stress. This article has consistently outlined the use of machine learning algorithms in applied problems of geomechanics and geoinformatics. By comparing the schedule of mining operations and seismic activity data with time series of deformations, it is possible to obtain a functional relationship that predicts the distribution of deformations in the rock massif. The results of a computational experiment illustrating the possibility and feasibility of using machine learning algorithms in solving geomechanics problems are presented.
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Kozyrev, Anatoliy A., i Victor I. Panin. "Development of geomechanic studies in the Mining Institute of the KSC RAS." Transaction Kola Science Centre 11, nr 6-2020 (25.12.2020): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5252.2020.6.19.003.
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The paper demonstrates the principal development stages of geomechanics as a basic Earth science and its role in providing safe and cost-efficient development of mineral deposits. The main achievements of geomechanics are determined by demands of mining-engineering practice and logic of scientific knowledge evolution and are shown in different publications.
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Miroshnikova, L. K., A. Yu Mezentsev, G. A. Kadyralieva i M. A. Perepelkin. "Experience of CAE Fidesys application in numerical geomechanical modelling of Zhdanovskoe deposit". Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), nr 6/2021 (15.01.2022): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2021-6-94-98.
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The Zhdanovskoe copper-nickel sulfide ores deposit is located in the north-west of the Murmansk region and is a mineral raw material source for JSC «Kola MMC». The main mining method used is sublevel caving. In some areas, due to the complex shape of the ore bodies, the open stoping mining method is used which requires determining stable parameters of stopes and pillars. It is necessary to study the stress-strain state of the deposit to ensure safe mining conditions. One of the possible solutions is the modeling of the stress-strain state of rock mass using the finite element method, for example, CAE Fidesys, which is FEMbased software. The use of CAE Fidesys for solving geomechanics tasks allows creating models of individual excavation units to determine the stability of stopes and pillars, and large-scale models that include several ore bodies and areas of the host rock mass. The article considers solutions of both types of geomechanic tasks using CAE Fidesys for conditions of the Zhdanovskoe deposit.
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Gusat, Dorel, i Ioan Bud. "ROCK MECANICAL ASSPECTS SIMULATIONS IN THE FUTURE OPEN PIT DEVELOPMENT". Scientific Bulletin Series D : Mining, Mineral Processing, Non-Ferrous Metallurgy, Geology and Environmental Engineering 34, nr 1 (2020): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37193/sbsd.2020.1.04.
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The proposed mining in a Porphyry copper deposit appears primarily restricted by the geometry/geomechanics of the deposit and secondly by mining methods and technology. The geometry/geomechanics of one deposit can be divided into three sections including western block and middle and eastern block. The greatest width has so far been discovered in the an middle block; all available information indicates that this will not change when the pit/mine is deepened. Assuming more or less continuous conditions within the three blocks towards the northern (rock will be added in the model) and southern rock) neighboring rock the greatest depth of the pit (> 511 m depth) will be reached in the middle block.
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Sashourin, Anatoly, Andrey Panzhin, July Konovalova i Vladimir Ruchkin. "The role of modern geodynamic movements in the formation of geomechanical problems in subsoil use". E3S Web of Conferences 56 (2018): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185602010.
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The paper describes the role of geomechanical processes and phenomena in the development and manifestation of hazardous situations in the development of mineral deposits, threatening the working personnel and the surrounding population. The studies of the Ural Scientific School of geomechanics functioning in the Institute of Mining of Ural Branch of RAS have established that the basis for the formation of hazardous geomechanical processes and phenomena are the fundamental properties of the rock mass - hierarchical blocking and constant mobility caused by the recent geodynamical movements. The constant mobility of hierarchical block medium of rock mass under the influence of trend and short-term recent geodynamical movements gives rise to the phenomenon of the secondary structuring. The recent geodynamical movements concentrate at the borders of the secondary structures and result in the deformations exceeding by 2 - 5 times the intrablock and integral deformations and representing the main source of the hazardous impact on the mining objects and on the surrounding population. The technology of the geological environment diagnostics for the forecast of hazardous mining situations is aimed at the identification of the boundary zones of secondary structures, the estimation of the hazard level of deformation processes and the adoption of proactive measures.
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Bondarenko, Volodymyr, Iryna Kovalevska, Hennadii Symanovych, Mykhailo Barabash i Ildar Salieiev. "Principles for certain geomechanics problems solution during overworking of mine workings". E3S Web of Conferences 280 (2021): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128001007.
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This paper deals with two relevant and interrelated directions of coal mining development. Firstly, the resource-saving complete extraction of reserves, and secondly, the intensification of mining activity through mining operations conducted on several seams. The objective of overworking of mine workings with a real representation of mining-and-geological and mining-engineering conditions has been formulated. Five peculiarities of the geomechanical models construction for overworking of mine works have been revealed and substantiated. The technology for performing a series of computational experiments is proposed. The task of the protecting pillar influence, which is located in overlying coal seam, on the state of mine working placed in the underlying coal seam has been solved. An optimal scheme for its maintenance is proposed.
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Sashurin, A. D., i A. A. Panzhin. "Current problems and objectives in geomechanics". Mining informational and analytical bulletin, nr 3-1 (20.03.2020): 188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.25018/0236-1493-2020-31-0-188-198.
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The authors discuss one of the key objectives of geomechanics as a mining science. It consists on the investigation of deformation processes phenomena in rock mass and ground surface toward safe and efficient subsoil management as a type of economic activity, as well as for safe and sustainable operation of permanent underground and surface facilities of subsoil use. The emphasis is laid on the fact that subsoil facilities are not only the permanent structures meant for mineral mining and haulage but also the city and industry infrastructure, transportation lines, power generation and water bodies, high-rise structures, etc. for which underground rock mass and ground surface are the integral geotechnical component. All these subsoil use facilities are subject to risk of instability in case of natural and man-made disasters caused by deformation processes in rock masse and on ground surface. The current advances of geomechanics in the stress-strain analysis of rock mass, revealing its discreteness, mosaic structure and variability of stress and strain patterns in time, have offered a new insight into the sources and causes of natural and man-made catastrophes at the subsoil use objects and make it possible to push the limits of modern problems and objectives of geomechanics.
11
Malashkevych, Dmytro, Vadym Sotskov, Volodymyr Medyanyk i Dmytro Prykhodchenko. "Integrated Evaluation of the Worked-Out Area Partial Backfill Effect of Stress-Strain State of Coal-Bearing Rock Mass". Solid State Phenomena 277 (czerwiec 2018): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.277.213.
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The paper gives information on the engineering solution concerning the extraction of thin coal seams with partial backfill of the worked-out area. Geomechanical model of coal-bearing rock mass has been substantiated. A technique to carry out computational experiment aimed at the processes of coal-bearing rock mass displacement within a zone of extraction influence has been represented. Curves of rock pressure stress components distribution (i.e. horizontal stresses, vertical stresses, and stress intensity) within the front bearing pressure and worked-out area for traditional methods (if roof is controlled by means of complete rockfall) and for selective mining with partial backfill have been plotted. Relying upon the carried out studies of stress-strain state of coal-bearing rock mass, overall conclusion has been made on the advantage of selective mining with partial backfill from the viewpoint of geomechanics of the rock mass behaviour.
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Coulthard, M. A., i G. Beer. "Research at CSIRO on numerical modelling for mining geomechanics". Computers and Geotechnics 5, nr 2 (styczeń 1988): 81–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-352x(88)90040-7.
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Mirenkov, Valery. "CAUCHY PROMLEMS IN GEOMECHANICS". Interexpo GEO-Siberia 2, nr 4 (2019): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-2-4-176-181.
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Proposal about linear stress field of virgin solid and necessity for calculation stress-strain behavior near workings at actual mining cause to development analytical and numerical methods of the calculations. One-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional models of solids with relaxations, which are placed to the class of Couchy problems, for which Cauchy initial data are formulated, has been occurred. It is related to the fact that in rock mechanics plane with relaxation or space with cavity, for which there are infinitely remote points, are considered. There are known solutions, when boundary conditions represented by constants, determined by initial stress field adopted for concrete solid, are formulated on the infinity. In condition of numerical calculation, the software usually gives some result, accuracy of which does not control. Worldwide scientific schools represent same results which are in antimony with theory of equals of mathematical physics, which have outlined class of Cauchy problems for that with cancelled out boundary condition on the infinity. In the work, problems of rock mechanics for the plane relaxed with random holes are considered. The necessity to carry out points of the theory is proved. Method of solving of such problem class based on getting so-called additional solution formulated in class of Cauchy problem is proposed.
14
Suchowerska Iwanec, A. M., J. P. Carter i J. P. Hambleton. "Geomechanics of subsidence above single and multi-seam coal mining". Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 8, nr 3 (czerwiec 2016): 304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2015.11.007.
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Voznesenskii, A. S., H. Rueter, M. Will, E. Raekers, W. Klokmann, U. Müllers i U. Neidereichholtz. "Accuracy of seismoacoustic methods of experimental geomechanics and mining geophysics". Journal of Mining Science 31, nr 6 (listopad 1995): 471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02052558.
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Lorig, L. J., C. Darcel, B. Damjanac, M. Pierce i D. Billaux. "Application of discrete fracture networks in mining and civil geomechanics". Mining Technology 124, nr 4 (29.07.2015): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743286315y.0000000021.
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Voloshyn, Oleksii, i Oleh Riabtsev. "Some important aspects of rock mechanics and geomechanics". E3S Web of Conferences 109 (2019): 00114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910900114.
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This work considers the analysis of important aspects of rock mechanics, such as the variability of the mechanical properties of rocks under the samples testing, the continuity of the rock mass and the deformation beyond the elastic limit, which have a great influence on the accuracy and reliability when conducting geomechanical studies of the rock mass during coal mining. The main methods for solving geomechanical problems are shown.
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Vorobev, Sergey A. "Technical Advisory Group for Geomechanics in College of Mining, NUST MISIS". Voprosy Filosofii, nr 8 (2021): 210–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2021-8-210-212.
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Zheng, Jian Ming, Feng Yu Ren i Lie Xian Tang. "Geomechanics Research with Critical Depth Prediction and Surface Subsidence Range Controlling". Advanced Materials Research 952 (maj 2014): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.952.155.
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Traditional subsidence range prediction by stagger angle doesn’t adapt to production situation in deep mining, the angle is usually large. Analyze the lateral support force of the moving bulk solid in the subsidence pit based on maintaining sidewall rock stability of subsidence pit. While bulk solid thickness of subsidence pit is not less than critical bulk solid column, the active pressure and passive pressure of bulk solid prevent the scaling of sidewall rock together. By analyzing the measured data of subsidence range of Xishimen mine, the height of critic bulk solid column relates to stability of rock, sidewall angle of goaf, internal friction angle, and rock loose coefficient. In deep mining, that filling subsidence pit with waste rock can lower the critical depth and control surface subsidence range.
20
Zhang, Qiang Yong, Wei Shen Zhu, Yong Li i X. H. Guo. "Development of New-Type Similar Materials of Geomechanics Models Test for Geotechnical Engineering". Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (grudzień 2006): 1781–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.1781.
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Geomechanics model test can simulate the real excavation process of geotechnical engineering and the mechanics deformation properties of the rockmass prototype on the condition of meeting the similar principles. In order to conducting geomechanics model test, similar material which can meet similar mechanical properties must be used. It is only after conducting a massive mechanics experiments that a new-type similar materials called iron crystal sand is developed in this paper. This material consists of iron ore powder, blanc fix, quartz sand, gypsum powder and rosin alcohol solution which are evenly mixed in certain proportion and pressed together. The iron ore powder, blanc fix and quartz sand among them are main materials. The rosin alcohol solution is the cementing agent and gypsum powder the regulator. The material mechanics experiments show that this material has following outstanding characteristics: high volume-weight, wide variable mechanical parameters, stable performance, low price, quick drying, simple processing and innocuity. It can simulate most rockmass material from soft to hard ones and can be widely used in geomechanics model tests in fields of energy sources, transportation, water conservancy and mining.
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Liang, Weiguo, Yangsheng Zhao, Jishan Liu, Derek Elsworth, Zijun Feng i Jianchao Cai. "Advances in in-situ modified mining by fluidization and in unconventional geomechanics". Advances in Geo-Energy Research 5, nr 1 (16.11.2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.46690/ager.2021.01.01.
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Zhang, Zhi Yu, Long Fa Luan, Ji Yao, Jian Bin Xie i Xiang Long Li. "Study on the Influence of Stability for Higher Precipitous Open Pit Slope under Mining Blasting". Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (maj 2011): 3822–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.3822.
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Based on the hydrological, geologies and slope features of Jianshan phosphate mine in Yunnan province, the geomechanics model of slope was established. Then the static stability of different elevations in mining section was studied by using methods such as the rigid body limit equilibrium method, finite element method, continuum large deformation Lagrange element method. According to the supervise data of the mining blasting, the dynamic response of the slope in blasting was studied by continuum large deformation Lagrange element method, and some suggestions were proposed for following mining blasting. The research results show that the slope was in the stable status before blasting vibration. Current mining blasting vibration has little effect on the stability of slope, but would reduce the safety factor of the top of the slope. Single blasting would enlarge the instantaneous acceleration of the top of the slope in a ratio of 8.8% and 10.8%.
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Yutiaev, Evgeny, Anatoly Meshkov, Anton Popov i Arcady Shabarov. "Allocation of the geo-dynamically hazardous zones during intensive mining of flat-lying coal seams in the mines of SUEK-Kuzbass JSC". E3S Web of Conferences 134 (2019): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913401022.
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Hazardous and ineffective mines were closed, and a number of underground and strip mines of a modern technological level were built as a result of the restructuring of the coal industry in Russia. However, safety in the coal mines continues to be one of the urgent issues nowadays. In underground coal mining, the main types of risks are processes occurring in the rock mass as a result of mining operations. It is necessary to realize timeous and the most accurate prediction of harmful events, which occur during a development of coal fields, to increase the efficiency and reduce the cost of coal mining. The most optimal and, at the same time, comprehensive approach to predicting possible natural hazardous events in the process of modern coal mining are considered in this article. The results of implementation of integration of different methods of geodynamic and geomechanics researches are presented in this paper.
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Takhanov, Daulet, Berikbol Muratuly, Zhuldyz Rashid i Adilzhan Kydrashov. "Geomechanics substantiation of pillars development parameters in case of combined mining the contiguous steep ore bodies". Mining of Mineral Deposits 15, nr 1 (2021): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/mining15.01.050.
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Purpose. Determining the actual dimensions of the protecting and crown pillars of ore bodies by seismic survey and assessing the possibility of rock mass collapse and fracturing at the lower levels of the Zhairemskoye field. Methods. An integrated approach is used, which involves the analysis of complete ore bodies development during the combined mining. To determine the geological strength index (GSI) and rock mass rating (RMR), the mass structure is studied, as well as the survey is executed of rock fracturing on the contours of mine workings at levels of +288, +240, +192, +144 m. In addition, the physical and mechanical properties of rocks are refined using the RocLab software. Using the numerical modelling of the self-caving process, when mining the protecting and crown pillars, the processed results of numerical modelling are analysed and the possible zones of the mass deformation are assessed based on the Phase2 software. Findings. It has been determined that during the mining of ore bodies 4 and 6, protecting pillars between the quarry and the underground mine, crown pillars between the levels up to the level of +144 m, the rock displacements are possible along glide surfaces. It has been revealed that the haulage workings of levels +240 and +192 m fall into the zone of possible displacements influence, and the rock pillar between ore bodies 4 and 6 will be exposed to inelastic deformations during the mining of crown pillars to the level of +144 m. It has been found that after the crown pillar development between the levels of +240 and +192 m for ore body 6, the rock pillar destructions are possible between ore bodies 4 and 6, since during the modelling, displacements of more than 2 mm are observed. In this case, the destruction processes are possible in the rock pillar upper part. Originality.A geomechanical assessment of the rocks tendency to caving is given and problem areas of stability during the mining of ore bodies 4 and 6 in the Zhairemskoye field are identified. Practical implications. The stable parameters of protecting and crown pillars have been substantiated, which is an important aspect in the design/efficient technology of mining the contiguous ore bodies. Keywords: engineering seismic, ore body, pillar, level, iron, manganese
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Viktorov, S. D., V. M. Zakalinsky, I. E. Shipovskiy i R. Ya Mingazov. "Concept of synergetic interaction between rock breakage and geomechanics processes in mineral mining". Mining Informational and analytical bulletin 3 (2019): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25018/0236-1493-2019-03-0-113-124.
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POLOVOV, Boris Dmitrievich, Maksim Nikolaevich VOLKOV i Dmitriy Vyacheslavovich PRISHCHEPA. "Geotechnical monitoring of mining facilities in the system for assessing and ensuring the quality of geomechanical solutions". NEWS of the Ural State Mining University 1, nr 2 (15.06.2020): 138–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/2307-2091-2020-2-138-158.
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Relevance of the research. Effective monitoring of mining facilities is an essential component of the quality assurance system for geomechanical solutions. Modern systems that regulate monitoring of mining facilities are characterized by good elaboration and efficiency, however, the systems do not provide for formalization of monitoring, which excludes the optimization of monitoring in money and kind Purpose of research. The main reason for this situation is the lack of methods to make a reasonable quantitative assessment of the quality of observations, the potential damage from the effects of deformations and to formalize criteria and models for monitoring optimization taking into account the quality of observations, significance and features of the objects. Research methods. Quality of observations - the initial objective assessment of the quality of monitoring as a whole is defined as the product of three probabilities of detecting predetermined threshold levels of the state of a mining facility: functions of accuracy, frequency of observations and the number of control points. Knowing the quality of observations allows us to move on to formalizing monitoring itself based on the relationship of monitoring reliability (probability of detecting a dangerous situation) with information costs, levels of geomechanical risk, and geomechanical significance (potential damage from the effects of deformations). The latter means that the damage assessment should reflect the negative consequences of mining and construction, including hazard levels for working personnel and the population in the area of the monitoring object. A quantitative pre-drilling estimate of the reliability or probability of detecting dangerous deformations is established in the final phase of monitoring the forecasting of specific conclusions based on observations made about the state of mining facilities and their future trends. Three classes of methods are involved in forecasting: extrapolation, modelling, and examination. In addition to the classical extrapolation techniques based on the theory of time series, new procedures have been developed: for groups of control stations, sequential forecasting under conditions of instability of forecast horizons, forecast horizon correction for planned lead periods, nonparametric forecasting with guarantee coefficients. The possibilities of physical modelling in the aspect of forecasting the consequences of mining reserves in the non-working side of an active quarry with a collapsing system are investigated. For mining structures with increased levels of responsibility (tailing dams, developed areas under development, etc.), the possibilities of combining numerical and simulation modelling with extrapolation forecasting are shown, starting from “preventive” monitoring with the transition to the project forecast in phases of latent and active deformations. The domestic expert system of the All-Russian Research Institute of Mining Geomechanics and Survey has been digitalized in combination with simulation modelling, which ensures the reliability of assessments of the status of horizontal and inclined workings and chambers. Results and their application. Methods for quantitative monitoring performance monitoring are implemented in 12 programs and 33 text files. Typical monitoring models are presented that demonstrate the effectiveness of the adopted approach. The correspondence and convergence of the forecasting results with the results of practical use are shown. Conclusions. Criteria and models for monitoring mining structures are formalized taking into account the quality of observations, the significance and characteristics of the observed objects. Formalization of monitoring with access to its optimization is an obligatory component of the system of assessments and ensuring the quality of geomechanical solutions and is of independent importance.
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Kong, Lingyun, Mehdi Ostadhassan, Siavash Zamiran, Bo Liu, Chunxiao Li i Gennaro G. Marino. "Geomechanical Upscaling Methods: Comparison and Verification via 3D Printing". Energies 12, nr 3 (25.01.2019): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030382.
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Understanding geomechanical properties of rocks at multiple scales is critical and relevant in various disciplines including civil, mining, petroleum and geological engineering. Several upscaling frameworks were proposed to model elastic properties of common rock types from micro to macroscale, considering the heterogeneity and anisotropy in the samples. However, direct comparison of the results from different upscaling methods remains limited, which can question their accuracy in laboratory experiments. Extreme heterogeneity of natural rocks that arises from various existing components in them adds complexity to verifying the accuracy of these upscaling methods. Therefore, experimental validation of various upscaling methods is performed by creating simple component materials, which is, in this study, examining the predicted macroscale geomechanical properties of 3D printed rocks. Nanoindentation data were first captured from 3D printed gypsum powder and binder rock fragments followed by, triaxial compression tests on similar cylindrical core plugs to acquire modulus values in micro and macroscale respectively. Mori-Tanaka (MT) scheme, Self-Consistent Scheme (SCS) method and Differential Effective Medium (DEM) theory were used to estimate Young’s modulus in macroscale based on the results of nanoindentation experiments. The comparison demonstrated that M-T and SCS methods would provide us with more comparable results than DEM method. In addition, the potential applications of 3D printed rocks were also discussed regarding rock physics and the geomechanics area in petroleum engineering and geosciences.
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A.G., Shabambayeva, Khassenova Zh.O. i Mazhitova Zh.S. "A.Zh. Mashanov (1906—1997): biography pages and scientific and pedagogical activity". Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series 108, nr 4 (30.03.2022): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2022hph4/181-188.
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The article analyses individual pages of Akzhan Zhaksybekovich Mashanov’s biography as well as his research and pedagogical activity. He was born in village No. 1 of the Karkaraly district of the Berkala volost; in 1924, as an excellent student, he entered the Karkaraly Pedagogical College, and later in 1934, the Kazakh Mining and Metallurgical Institute. A.Zh. Mashanov is one of the founders of geomechanics in the Soviet Union, the founder of Kazakh science fiction. He was one of the first Kazakh engineers-mine surveyors who had the degree of doctor of geological and mineralogical sciences. A.Zh. Mashanov developed and practically applied a new method for studying the structure of ore fields, which was subsequently applied in studying the structure of the vast majority of mineral deposits and the geological structure of individual regions. On the basis of archival documents and memoirs of students, many of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the authors consider the scientific and pedagogical activity of A.Zh. Mashanov, his great contribution to the development of a new scientific direction in mining, i.e., geomechanics. An extensive research outlook, knowledge of the Arabic language allowed A.Zh. Mashanov to open the great scholar Abu Nasyr Al-Farabi to the world community. A.Zh. Mashanov in his works was able to prove that the main primary source of science in Kazakhstan were the works of Al-Farabi. He created a scientific school of engineers-mine surveyors of Kazakhstan.
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Kopytov, Aleksandr, i Vladimir Pershin. "Development of the Digital Model for the Selection of Mine Working Support in Complex Mining and Geological Conditions". E3S Web of Conferences 134 (2019): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913401009.
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The methodological basis for the development of a multi-factor digital model for selecting efficient and safe mine working support for given mining and geological conditions on the basis of the assessment of rock mass stability conditions depending on its fracturing and stress state when mining iron ore deposits of Gornaya Shoria is presented. The need to solve fundamentally new problems related to the application of various types of support systems is due to the changeover of mines to ore mining at great depths and classifying deposits as liable to rock-bumps. It is a very important factor, because a decrease in the stability of workings is associated with a high level of stresses in the deep levels being worked out, increased by bearing pressure, which ultimately leads to an increase in the cost of maintaining them. The developed multi-factor digital model “EvrazrudaKrep”, which is based on the results of the analysis of guidelines and instructions of the institutes such as All-Russian Research Institute of Mining Geomechanics and Survey, East Research Institute of Ore Mining, Mining Institute of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, T.F. Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University, as well as the mine working support experience in Russia and abroad, allows to quickly solve the problem of choosing a support and improving mining safety in complex mining and geological conditions.
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Han, Bao Shan. "Principle of Well-Net Design for Coalbed Methane Exploitation in Coal Mine Area". Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (marzec 2014): 3967–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.3967.
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There are abundant CBM (Coalbed Methane) in China. These CBM has caused a remarkable problem to the coal-mining in China. In order to improve the structure of Chinese energy and eliminate the risk of coal mine gas, the relevant industries and sections have implemented many explorations in CBM enriched areas. With great achievements, there are many important problems in the actions of CBM exploitation. The disadvantageous interaction of the surface CBM well and the later coal mining has been ignored at all. There are many disadvantages and defects. To solve these problems and eliminate or weaken the disadvantageous, the scientific and reasonable design of surface CBM well location is an important step. With the thinking of surface condition, coal mining plan, the arrangement of coal mine laneway, the direction and scale of the in-situ stress, and thinking more about the negative influence to and of surface CBM well, according to the theories of mining dynamics, mining engineering, mining geomechanics, and the CBM engineering, the design theory of the surface CBM well net can be studied. Finally, the arrangement principle of CBM product well in coal field is presented. The existing or future coal pillar will be a critical location for the surface CBM well location.
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Shinkevich, M. V., i M. S. Plaksin. ""RELATIONSHIP OF GEOMECHANICS AND METHANE CONTENT OF MINE WORKINGS WHEN PERFORMING UNDERGROUND MINING OPERATIONS "". Vestnik of Kuzbass State Technical University 1, nr 5 (2017): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26730/1999-4125-2017-5-15-23.
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Kovalevska, Iryna, Hennadii Symanovych, Jacek Jarosz, Mykhailo Barabash i Oleksandr Husiev. "Geomechanics of overworked mine working support resistance in the laminal massif of soft rocks". E3S Web of Conferences 201 (2020): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020101003.
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The relevant issues of ensuring trouble-free mining operations on the underlying horizons, which are partially or fully overworked are studied in this paper. The problem has been solved using the example of a laminal massif of the Western Donbas soft rocks; complicating factors were taken into account: water-cut, fracturing, and the rheological properties manifestation. The model, proposed for calculation, has been substantiated in view of geomechanics, as well as the finite element method has been chosen to obtain the stress-strain state of the adjacent massif and support. At the first stage, mine observations of the state of mine working planned for overworking have been conducted and analysed. At the second stage, a computational experiment has been conducted in the most difficult areas. The stresses fields have been analysed according to vertical, horizontal and stresses intensity components of the soft rocks laminal massif, as well as their distribution curves for the recommended and basic fastening options. It has been proved that the recommended parameters of the fastening structure provide repair-free mine working maintenance for the entire exploitation period with account of overworking. Recommendations have been developed for mining the seam C6 in M.I. Stashkova Mine, DTEK Pavlohradvuhillia PJSC.
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Golik, Vladimir I. "CONTROLLING STRESS-DEFORMED TALNAKH ARRAYS BY STRESS UNLOADING". Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering 334, nr 7 (28.07.2023): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2023/7/4074.
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Link for citation: Golik V.I. Controlling stress-deformed Talnakh arrays by stress unloading. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 7, рр. 59-65. In Rus. Relevance. Underground mining of rock massifs of powerful deposits on deep horizons is accompanied by geomechanical phenomena, which are prevented by the construction of artificial structures made of solid mixtures in the developed space. Controlling geomechanics of the massif increases the completeness of subsoil use and is an actual direction of mining production. Objective: detailing the array state management technology by rationally regulating the voltages in the array. Object: arrays of deposits of the Talnakh ore node. Methods: modeling and experiment, the results of which are the basis for the development of a model and recommendations. Results. The paper introduces the assessment of the behavior of natural and artificial massifs differentially for the main deposits of the ore node. The regularities of combining options for unloading arrays from critical stresses are established: with overworking and with a protective layer underworking. The principles of optimization of ore mining technology taking into account the geomechanical features of the arrays are summarized. Measures to increase the volumetric compression of filling mixtures for variants of chamber systems of development are recommended. The results of modeling the influence of the volumes of rock inclusions on the efficiency of field development are presented. A model of ecological and economic assessment of technologies is proposed, taking into account the costs of creating protective layers and reducing the dilution of ores. Unloading of arrays from stresses provides an opportunity to regulate the stress level with a decrease in deformations, including during selective excavation of ores with the abandonment of rock layers in the bowels. Conclusions. Unloading arrays from operating stresses is an effective measure to solve the main problems of subsurface use at the same time. The implementation of this direction in the conditions of localization of the Talnakh ore deposits can be carried out by advanced excavation of the soil layer. The efficiency of working out stress-deformed arrays is achieved by the rational interaction of natural and technological factors of development.
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Emad, Muhammad Zaka, Hani Mitri i Cecile Kelly. "Effect of blast-induced vibrations on fill failure in vertical block mining with delayed backfill". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 51, nr 9 (wrzesień 2014): 975–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2013-0305.
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Numerical modelling has long been used as a powerful tool for geomechanics mine design and analysis of such problems as ore dilution. Open stoping mining method with delayed backfill is generally employed for mining steeply dipping tabular ore deposits. Several authors reported that consideration of production blast vibrations on adjacent, exposed backfill faces is crucial for the effective backfill design for minimum ore dilution due to fill failure. In this study, it is shown that blast vibrations can be characterized with dynamic numerical modelling. A FLAC3D dynamic numerical model has been developed for a typical layout of a secondary stope that is being mined next to a previously mined and backfilled primary stope. The numerical simulations are validated by comparing predicted failure geometry with laser-surveyed stope profiles obtained with a cavity monitoring system. It is shown that blast-induced vibrations can be a primary cause for wedge-type failure of the backfill face.
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Tan, J. K., i J. D. St George. "Geomechanics of underground coal mining under very weak overburden rocks at Huntly East Mine, New Zealand". Mining Science and Technology 9, nr 3 (listopad 1989): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-9031(89)90967-5.
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Lu, Cunjin, Jinpeng Xu, Qiang Li, Hui Zhao i Yao He. "Research on the Development Law of Water-Conducting Fracture Zone in the Combined Mining of Jurassic and Carboniferous Coal Seams". Applied Sciences 12, nr 21 (4.11.2022): 11178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122111178.
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The accurate prediction of the height of the water-conducting fracture zone is essential for the prevention of roof damage by water disasters in coal mines. The development law of water-conducting fracture zone in combined mining of Jurassic and Carboniferous coal seams is different from that of previous research results. This study constructed an engineering geomechanics model to carry out material simulation and numerical simulation. The changes of stress, displacement, and fracture propagation were analyzed and compared with the results of formula calculation and field measurement, revealing the combined action of Jurassic and Carboniferous coal seams on the development law of water-conducting fracture zone. The results show that: (1) stress concentration is formed in the middle of the goaf in Jurassic coal seam, resulting in the high height of water-conducting fracture zone and the fracture “closed”; (2) the mining of Carboniferous coal seams caused the second subsidence of Jurassic goaf, and closed fracture “activated”; (3) the height of the water-conducting fracture zone obtained by the empirical formula is small, which is quite different from the actual situation. These research results are of significance for determining the height of the water-conducting fracture zone in Jurassic and Carboniferous coal seams during combined mining and the prevention of coal roof water hazards.
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Kalashnik, Anatolii. "Multilevel integrated studies and monitoring of natural and technical objects of Kola region". Pskov Journal of Regional Studies 19, nr 2 (2023): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37490/s221979310025285-6.
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The relevance of research, diagnostics and study of natural and technical objects belonging to I–II hazard classes is shown. Methodological approaches to the application of interdisciplinary methods for a complex of observations and observation of such objects are proposed: visual observations and photodocumentation, geophysical survey, hydrological measurements, geomechanics methods, satellite geodesy, digital photography using UAVs, remote sensing, hydrogeomechanical modeling. Comprehensive natural observations of various incidents on the earth's surface: underground, explosive, high-altitude and satellite. The underground level includes hydrological measurements, seismic tomography and georadar sounding. At the surface level, geodetic surveys, horizontal and vertical measurements, geodetic referencing and precise positioning of objects are performed. Various types of digital aerial photography are used for the high-altitude level. The basis of the satellite level is the processing and analysis of multispectral and radar images (ERS). The data obtained as a result of field studies are used to develop hydrogeomechanical 3D models, with the help of which scenario modeling of various hydrogeological and geomechanical conditions is performed. Such an approach to solving monitoring problems, which consists in integrating interdisciplinary studies at various levels, makes it possible to control a natural and technical object in a hierarchy: from a structure as a whole to its individual structural elements and local sections. A description is given of examples of the application of multilevel integrated research and monitoring of natural and technical objects of mining enterprises in the Kola region.
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Volkov, Victor, i Nikita Volkov. "Use of the program and goal-oriented approach to observe the vertical displacements of the earth’s surface in Russia". E3S Web of Conferences 91 (2019): 07023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199107023.
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The paper considers the problematic issues of the special aspects of solution of the problems of modern geodynamics and technogenic geomechanics in oil and gas fields based on the results of re-levelling. The disadvantages and fundamental errors traditionally made by mining and land surveyors in organizing and performing re-levelling on the territories of oil and gas fields are given. The results of high precision levelling, obtained on the territory of an oil and gas field using the program and goal-oriented approach for its formulation, are presented. The representativeness and sufficient accuracy of obtaining the results of re-levelling allowed us to establish significant speeds of geodynamic and technogenic displacements of the earth’s surface (0.4 - 3.6 mm/year) in the shortest time possible with high economic efficiency.
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Golik, V. I., G. V. Stas, M. Yu Liskova i Ch B. Kongar-Syuryun. "Improvement of the Occupational Safety by Radical Isolation of Pollution Sources during Underground Ore Mining". Occupational Safety in Industry, nr 7 (lipiec 2021): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2021-7-7-12.
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One of the ways to protect the health of the employees in the mining enterprises is the improvement of the mine atmosphere by strengthening safety measures in the underground mining of minerals, especially those that pose a particular hazard. The aim of the study is to develop a technology for the radical protection of the employees from specific pollution. To achieve this goal, a set of tasks is being solved, one of which is the use of technogenic waste as materials for the preparation of hardening filling mixtures. It is experimentally established that the process of increasing the strength of the tailings of various concentration plants is adequate, the structures of which can be used to control the geomechanics of the ore-bearing massif. Classification of the strengthening mixtures that allow to increase strength can occur when unloading from the crushing and grinding mills. Use of tailings for the manufacture of insulating massifs is possible after extracting the remaining metals from them, for example, using one of the leaching methods. Air pollution with specific substances during underground mining of ore deposits can be radically reduced by isolating workings with artificial insulating massifs. Possibility of using tailings for the manufacture of insulating artificial massifs is substantiated experimentally by comparing the capabilities of mills of various types. The issues of atmospheric air pollution during underground mining, mainly of ore deposits, are considered. Quantitative values of hazard for development systems are given. The results of experiments confirming the possibility of using tailings for the manufacture of concrete insulating artificial massifs are presented. Quantitative values are obtained related to the capabilities of mills for obtaining a product of the same size with different granulometric composition of the starting material when used in industry.
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Golik, Vladimir I., Yury V. Dmitrak, Oleg Z. Gabaraev i Yuri I. Razorenov. "Use of residual rock strength in bearing structures in underground ore mining". RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches 20, nr 2 (15.12.2019): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8143-2019-20-2-193-203.
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The relevance of the study is explained by the need to improve technological processes with the increasing complexity of the development of ore deposits with an increase in the depth of development, the use of powerful technology and an increase in stresses in arrays of ore-bearing rocks. The need to minimize the risk of mining requires the development and use of tools for managing an array. The purpose of this study is to systematize information about the theory and practice of using the residual bearing capacity of destroyed rocks from the practice of underground mining to improve the methods used to control the geomechanics of ore-bearing arrays. The complex of research includes analytical, full-scale, laboratory and theoretical methods that are used to identify the phenomenon of the use of the residual carrying capacity of destroyed rocks. To achieve this goal information on the use of bearing floors made of intact and destroyed ores and rocks, as well as other materials, is systematized. A brief description of the scientific support of mining engineering tasks is given. The phenomenon of the use of residual bearing capacity of disturbed rocks in the structure arising in the mountain massif is characterized. A critical analysis of the concepts of array management is given. Considered alternative options for creating structures for solving problems of reducing the health risk of workers and improving the quality of ores. A new typification of structures using the residual strength of destroyed rocks is given. It has been proved that in underground mining there is an opportunity to realize the residual bearing capacity of the destroyed rocks to create structures with desired properties, which contributes to solving the tasks of labor protection and improving the quality of ores.
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Aleksandr, Liskovets, Tatsienko Viktor i Gogolin Viacheslav. "The effect of contact grouting on support load". Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Gornyi zhurnal 6 (15.09.2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2021-6-5-12.
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Introduction. The paper analyzes contemporary methods of frame support design in permanent workings and reveals that contact grouting has received little attention. Contact grouting makes the tight contact between the hardened cement grout and the surrounding rock possible, whereas it is impossible when applying concrete lagging. The paper employs analytical method of arch support, grouting layer, and the surrounding rock calculation considering their softening. Analytical formulae determining support load has been obtained. The formulae take into account strain and strength characteristics of the surrounding rock, hardened cement grout, and support. Support load was calculated under various values of the grouting layer thickness and linear strain modulus and the depth of mining. The dependencies between the support load and the indicated parameters have been obtained, which makes it possible to select the cement grout composition for various mining and geological conditions. Research objective is to determine the effect produced by grouting layer thickness and strain characteristics on arch support load value in order to check its strength in various mining and geological conditions. Methods of research are built upon the physically based analytical methods of geomechanics to solve the problem of interaction between the support, grouting layer, and surrounding rock mass. Results. The results of arched support load calculation are presented for various values of grouting layer thickness, its strain characteristics, and depth of mining. Conclusions. The presence of the grouting layer in the void behind the support has a significant effect on the methods of arch support design. The developed methods take account of the fact that a layer of soft rock develops in the rock mass between the grouting layer and undisturbed rock. When the rock is being broken, its volume in this layer increases, which, in its turn, results in support load transfer growth through the grouting layer. It has been determined that the increase in the hardened cement grout strain and grouting layer thickness reduces support load.
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Vityaz, P. A., I. I. Golovaty, V. Ya Prushak i D. A. Diulin. "Technology of performance of ice wall when sinking shafts at the example of the objects of the Petrikov mining". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Physical-Technical Series 64, nr 3 (6.10.2019): 366–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2019-64-3-366-377.
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Scientific-technical aspects of technology of use of the ice wall when shaft sinking in water-bearing rocks, using an example of objects under construction of the Petrikov mining and processing plant, are studied. The algorithm of process of freezing of the mountain massif is described. The method is developed of calculation of the main parameters of the ice barrier, based on classical scientific concepts in the field of geotechnology, geomechanics and mountain thermal physics, containing modified formulas of thickness and time of the ice wall formation. The high efficiency of the developed technique is confirmed by the results of the successful use of the obtained numerical values of the parameters of the fence in the implementation of the project of sinking shafts. It is shown the possibility of choosing a method of defrosting frozen rocks, based on the analysis of a real three-dimensional model of the ice barrier. The most important criterion for this choice is the uniformity of the thickness of the ice barrier along the circumference of the vertical cylinder. The conclusion is made about the high scientific and practical competence of Belarusian mine builders – scientists and specialists. The country has developed a reliable system of scientific and technical support for the technology of sinking vertical mine shafts using temporary ice fences. Effective methods of preliminary geological studies, calculation of parameters of ice-rock fences and freezing equipment, selection of technology of work have been created. The necessary material and technical base for fast and high-quality performance of all complex of works on a construction of mine trunks in the special way is created.
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Liu, Zhijun, Xiaobi Wei, Dongquan Wang i Liangliang Wang. "State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, School of Mechanics & Civil Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China". Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 16, nr 4 (2019): 2371–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2019119.
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Gao, Baobin, Chuangnan Ren, Qun Dong i Liwei Chen. "Study on Dynamic Behavior Law and Microseismic Monitoring in Stoping Process of Roadway with High Gas and Wide Coal Pillar". Shock and Vibration 2021 (25.06.2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5135964.
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In order to study the dynamic characteristics and microseismic distribution in the mining process of roadway with high gas and wide coal pillar, combined with the two dynamic events of N2105 working face in Yuwu Coal Industry, theoretical analysis and field measurement research were carried out. According to the theory of structural mechanics and geomechanics, the causes of dynamic appearance are analyzed. Combined with the specific situation, the influence of mining depth, coal pillar width, gas pressure, and content on the dynamic performance is analyzed. Stress monitoring and microseismic monitoring are carried out on one side of coal seam. The results show that, with the increase of the mining distance, the backside roof of the goaf is prone to unbalanced fracture due to the lack of lateral stress, and the impact pressure generated is used for the reserved protective coal pillar behind the goaf, causing the floor heave of coal seam. The combined stress generated by the anticlinal structure below the working face interacts with the abutment pressure of the working face to produce superposition effect, which promotes the occurrence of dynamic appearance. The critical depth of rock burst in Yuwu Coal Industry is about 600m. The increase of coal elastic energy caused by roof subsidence is more uniform with the increase of coal pillar width. The decrease of gas pressure in coal seam promotes the rock burst disaster. The vertical stress of coal seam at one side of the working face shows different evolution characteristics along the trend and strike. The vertical stress of coal seam in the lateral range of 53 m is adjusted to different degrees and tends to be stable until 300 m behind the working face. The active microseismic area in the middle of the working face was located 50 m in front of the working face, and the microseismic activity continued to 30–50 m behind the working face. The active microseismic area at the side of the roadway was located 30 m in front of the working face, and the microseismic activity continued to 100–180 m behind the working face. The inflection point, where the stress in the elastic area of coal pillar increases sharply, corresponds to the active microseismic area, which indicates that the dynamic characteristics in the mining process of roadway with high gas and wide coal pillar are related to the distribution law of microseismic. This study has a certain guiding significance for optimizing the width of reserved coal pillar, monitoring the coal seam stress/microseismic, and understanding the dynamic disaster of coal and rock under complex conditions.
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Younessi, Ahmadreza, i Vamegh Rasouli. "Rock engineering systems adopted for sanding prediction in perforation tunnels". APPEA Journal 50, nr 1 (2010): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj09039.
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Sand production is an important issue in reservoirs with weak or unconsolidated sand formations. Production of sand not only causes several problems in maintaining wellbore integrity but also is a problem during production where damages through the tubing and surface facilities are likely to occur due to the sand grains being transported along this path. The rock engineering systems (RES), initially introduced in mining and civil related geomechanics problems, is one approach to analysing the interrelationship between different parameters involved in a rock engineering project. This is the approach that was adopted in this work to study and predict the sanding potential in perforation tunnels. Sanding mechanism in perforation tunnels during production was reviewed and all effective parameters were identified. An interaction matrix was introduced to study the sanding mechanism through the interrelation between pairs of parameters. The interaction matrix was coded using a semi-quantitative rating approach to determine the interaction between each pair of parameters. The interaction intensity and dominance of each parameter in the system were studied through the cause-effect diagram to classify the parameters. This will assist in finding a better engineering action to mitigate or eliminate instabilities. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on a data set, and major parameters playing in sand production in a perforation tunnel were identified using analytical formulae. The results of sensitivity analysis were compared with the cause-effect diagram derived from the interaction matrix. A good agreement between the two methods was observed. This shows the usefulness of RES for identifying potential sanding solutions through the interaction matrix analysis.
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Bukowska, Mirosława, Urszula Sanetra i Mariusz Wadas. "Zonation of deposits of hard coals of different porosity in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin". Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi 32, nr 1 (1.03.2016): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gospo-2016-0009.
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Abstract The article presents the results of tests of porosity of the Upper-Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) hard coals. The porosity was determined for various lithotypes of hard coal, collected in different areas of the Upper-Silesian Coal Basin. Samples of hard coal were collected in 60 seams of 16 coal mines, from the depth of approximately between 350 and 1200 m. There are also presented differences in values of open porosity of coal depending on the depth of occurrence, as well as chronostratigraphic and tectonic correlation of a seam. Uniaxial compression strength of the tested coals falls in the strength class from very low to very high (from 8.1 to 51.5 MPa), open porosity is 0.68–12.5% and total porosity is 3.29–17.45%. With an increase in depth, in general, open porosity of coals decreases. There is an apparent decrease in open porosity correlated with the age of hard coals. It was observed that the lower and upper limits of open porosity ranges of variability shift towards lower values the older the coals are, from the Łaziskie Beds to the Jaklowieckie Beds. The older the coals the greater the average drop in the share of open porosity in total porosity from 60% for the youngest coals to merely several per cent for the oldest ones. The highest values of total porosity (over 10%) were observed in the youngest coals (Cracow sandstone series and siltstone series). Older coals reached more diversified values of total porosity (3.29–17.45%). Based on the conducted tests, zones correlated with tectonics of the basin and with deposition of lithostratigraphic beds of specific age, where values of porosity of hard coals differ, were determined in the area of the USCB. However, in spite of their correlation to a structural unit, the coals demonstrated a decrease in open porosity with an increase in their geologic age. Thus, there is an apparent influence of the deposition depth of coal within a given structural unit on open porosity following the age of coal, i.e. correlation to an older and older chronostratigraphic unit. Porosity tests of hard coal are published in scientific journals yet, most often, there is no information on the type of porosity. Such detailed characteristics of open porosity for coal of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, as in the article, have not been prepared yet, making our research novel. Such broad tests of porosity of hard coals, correlated with their strength and referring to the deposition depth of seams as well as a correlation to lithostratigraphic units within individual structural units in the USCB, had not been conducted yet. We believe it is a sufficient argument to start detailed research into the open porosity of hard coals. The results of the tests are important from both the research and practical points of view. Knowledge of coal porosity is indispensable in solving many engineering problems of geological engineering, mining geomechanics and mining e.g.: assessing behaviour of coal when it is mined and processed, assessing the possibility of capturing methane, which makes up over 90% of natural gas, from coal in the areas of methane-rich deposits; the possibility of storing various substances in abandoned hard coal mining areas (e.g. CO2 storage within the structure of coal), assessing risk of occurrence of certain natural hazards resulting from mining deposits (e.g. coal and rocks outburst hazard), as well as assessing the possibility of applying unconventional methods of mining hard coal deposits (e.g. underground coal gasification).
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Potapov, V. P., V. N. Oparin, L. S. Mikov i S. E. Popov. "Information Technologies in Problems of Nonlinear Geomechanics. Part II: New Methods, Metadata Models, Geodata Bases and Base Layers of Electronic Charts for a Typical Geoportal of Mining Regions in Siberia". Физико-технические проблемы разработки полезных ископаемых, nr 4 (2022): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15372/ftprpi20220413.
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Potapov, V. P., V. N. Oparin, L. S. Mikov i S. E. Popov. "Information Technologies in Problems of Nonlinear Geomechanics. Part II: New Methods, Metadata Models, Geodata Bases and Base Layers of Electronic Charts for a Typical Geoportal of Mining Regions in Siberia". Journal of Mining Science 58, nr 4 (sierpień 2022): 635–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1062739122040135.
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Shahani, Niaz Muhammad, Muhammad Kamran, Xigui Zheng, Cancan Liu i Xiaowei Guo. "Application of Gradient Boosting Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict Uniaxial Compressive Strength of Soft Sedimentary Rocks at Thar Coalfield". Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (1.11.2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2565488.
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The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of rock is one of the essential data in engineering planning and design. Correctly testing UCS of rock to ensure its accuracy and authenticity is a prerequisite for assuring the design of any rock engineering project. UCS of rock has a broad range of applications in mining, geotechnical, petroleum, geomechanics, and other fields of engineering. The application of the gradient boosting machine learning algorithms has been rarely used, especially for UCS prediction, and has performed well, based on the relevant literature of the study. In this study, four gradient boosting machine learning algorithms, namely, gradient boosted regression (GBR), Catboost, light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), were developed to predict the UCS in MPa of soft sedimentary rocks of the Block-IX at Thar Coalfield, Pakistan, using four input variables such as wet density (ρw) in g/cm3; moisture in %; dry density (ρd) in g/cm3; and Brazilian tensile strength (BTS) in MPa. Then, 106-point dataset was allocated identically for each algorithm into 70% for the training phase and 30% for the testing phase. According to the results, the XGBoost algorithm outperformed the GBR, Catboost, and LightGBM with coefficient of correlation (R2) = 0.99, mean absolute error (MAE) = 0.00062, mean square error (MSE) = 0.0000006, and root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.00079 in the training phase and R2 = 0.99, MAE = 0.00054, MSE = 0.0000005, and RMSE = 0.00069 in the testing phase. The sensitivity analysis showed that BTS and ρw are positively correlated, and the moisture and ρd are negatively correlated with the UCS. Therefore, in this study, the XGBoost algorithm was shown to be the most accurate algorithm among all the investigated four algorithms for UCS prediction of soft sedimentary rocks of the Block-IX at Thar Coalfield, Pakistan.
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Kozyrev, Anatolii, Iuliia Fedotova i Eduard Kasparyan. "Management of geomechanical processes - the basis for selecting the optimal technologies for the development of mineral deposits". E3S Web of Conferences 56 (2018): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185602005.
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When carrying out mining operations, a rock massif responds to technological impacts in the form of developing strains and fractures. Under certain conditions, this response occurs as dynamic and gas dynamic destructions of rocks with intensive release of energy, which creates threats to security and disrupts a working technology. To substantiate the optimal mining technology, which would be maximum adequate to the specific geological and geomechanical conditions of a deposit development, it is necessary to organize a comprehensive monitoring of geomechanical processes in rock massifs. The paper considers general principles to organize the geomechanical monitoring under conditions of the hierarchically-blocked rock massifs in the gravitational-tectonic field of the natural stress state. The authors give main recommendations for managing geomechanical processes in the rock mass for various mining methods.