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GOMES, C., i J. SILVA. "Minerals and clay minerals in medical geology". Applied Clay Science 36, nr 1-3 (kwiecień 2007): 4–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2006.08.006.
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Privett, K. D. "Clay minerals in engineering geology". Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 19, nr 3 (sierpień 1986): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.qjeg.1986.019.03.11.
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Pride, Douglas E. "Ores and minerals: Introducing economic geology". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54, nr 5 (maj 1990): 1526–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(90)90180-s.
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Hodgson, C. J. "Ore geology and industrial minerals: An introduction". Ore Geology Reviews 9, nr 3 (sierpień 1994): 260–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-1368(94)90015-9.
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Cameron, Eugene N. "Ore geology and industrial minerals: An introduction". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 57, nr 17 (wrzesień 1993): 4328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90332-q.
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Almukhametova, E. M., A. I. Valeev i N. Kh Gabdrakhmanov. "Geology of minerals of the Tevlinsko-Russinskoe deposit". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 723, nr 5 (1.03.2021): 052001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/723/5/052001.
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Christy, A. G. "Långban: The Mines, their Minerals, Geology and Explorers". Mineralogical Magazine 63, nr 4 (1999): 609–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1999.063.4.04.
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HUANG, DIYING, ZHIJUN ZHANG, CHENYANG CAI i TAIPING GAO. "Prof. Yong-Chong Hong: a Chinese pioneering palaeoentomologist". Palaeoentomology 2, nr 5 (31.10.2019): 404–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.5.1.
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Professor You-Chong Hong, a famous Chinese palaeoentomologist, was born in Nan’ao County, Shantou City, Guangdong Province on 5 November 1929 and passed away in Beijing on 4 July 2019. In 1953, Prof. Hong graduated from the Beijing College of Geology (China University of Geosciences, Beijing) and was assigned to the Laboratory of Ferrous Metal of the Department of Geology and Minerals of the Ministry of Geology. From 1957 to 1958, he worked in the Department of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. He studied fossil mollusks and later fossil insects in the Soviet Academy of Sciences from 1958 to 1960 (Fig. 1). He returned to the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences from 1960 to 1963; worked at the Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Ministry of Geology and Minerals from 1963 to 1984; and worked at the Beijing Museum of Natural History after 1984.
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Rudnickaitė, Eugenija. "A COLLECTION OF USEFUL MINERALS FOR NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION AT SCHOOL: TO A DIVISION FOR TEACHERS". Natural Science Education in a Comprehensive School (NSECS) 25, nr 1 (20.04.2019): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu/19.25.81.
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Thanks to the project "Providing Schools with Natural and Technological Sciences", for the implementation of which funds from the European Union Structural Funds and the state budget of the Republic of Lithuania were allocated, in 2018 685 schools received collections of useful minerals. The collection contains 14 useful minerals: sand, quartzose sand (silica sand), sand-gravel raw material, clay, sapropelithe (sapropelic coal), limestone, chalk marl (marlstone), dolomite, peat, earth oil (oil, petroleum, naphta), amber, flint (chert), gypsum, granite. The purpose of this article is to show: How the whole collection can be used in natural science lessons; As examples of individual useful minerals; How to use it to integrate into biology, natural and human, chemistry, physics, technology, mathematics, knowledge of the world, IT and other subjects. Available options for lessons are offered for each useful mineral. Keywords: museum of geology, Vilnius University, natural science education, geology, education, collection of useful minerals, division for teachers.
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Bodіuk, Adam. "Ground of concepts of mountain economy and economic geology". Problems of Innovation and Investment Development, nr 20 (listopad 2019): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33813/2224-1213.20.2019.13.
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Subject of research: natural and cost information that displays over-resourceobjects and processes of over-use. The purpose of this article is to substantiate theconcepts that theoretically determine the geological, industrial and cost aspects ofsupra-use, mining, economic geology, mining economics; generalization,systematization of their possible objects; determination of the main researchmethods and the importance of super-resources in the further development of theeconomy, the domestic mineral resource base, taking into account the requirementsfor scientific research and production needs for sub-resources. The researchmethodology consists in applying a set of methods: historical (processes of formationof minerals and their deposits in the distant past), comparative, abstract-logicalanalysis (definition of the concepts of economic geology and mining economics),generalization (substantiation of conclusions and proposals), legal analysis ( studyof the legal framework for substantiating definitions of economic geology andmining economics). The results of the work - it is justified that the concept ofsubsoil use should be considered as a cross-cutting scientific and economic activity,which covers the study of historical processes of mineral formation, a modern studyof the geology of the subsoil, exploitation of deposits, mining, preparation ofextracted minerals for further transfer through the sphere of commodity-moneyor barter exchange, their movement in space and time into the sphere of processingor directly production or th of application. The concept of requirements unitesminerals, mineral deposits, the processes of their exploration and exploitation. Inthe narrower case, the required processes are considered as a complex of processesand individual works on the study of deposits, mining and mineral processing, thatis, directly with minerals. Accordingly, we propose a mining economy to beconsidered as a scientific industry in a wide and narrow interpretation. Extraspecificexploration and mining production, infrastructure processes (storage, movementof minerals, etc.) are widely studied; in the narrow-mining. Conclusions-on alegal basis, summarized as objects of research in the mining economy, as objectsof economic relations for economic theory, it is proposed to take mineral deposits,minerals, processes and processors of subsurface exploitation, labor of enterprisepersonnel, which is used for exploration and production of sub-resources, thenthere are natural objects, living and embodied labor of enterprises. Economicgeology studies information and determines the cost estimates of explorationresearch and work.
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Cavalcante, Francesco. "Editorial for Special Issue “Clays, Clay Minerals, and Geology”". Minerals 11, nr 10 (28.09.2021): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11101057.
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Darragh, Thomas A. "George Ulrich’s contributions in German on Victorian geology, mining and mineralogy (1859–1864)". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 134, nr 1 (5.09.2022): 7–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs22001.
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Translations of four German publications on Victorian geology, mining and mineralogy by George Ulrich are provided. The hitherto unknown 1859 publication is the earliest detailed account of central Victorian geology and includes descriptions of the techniques for separating gold from quartz and comments on the loss of gold in the tailings and the inefficient mining practices of the time. Ulrich also discussed theories on the origin of auriferous quartz reefs and recorded 19 minerals occurring in the quartz reefs, as well as 14 in basalts with detailed descriptions of many of the minerals. The other three publications continue the geological and mineralogical topics raised in the first with new information gathered since the time of its publication.
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Khvostikov, A. V., D. M. Korshunov, A. S. Krylov i M. A. Boguslavskiy. "AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION OF MINERALS IN IMAGES OF POLISHED SECTIONS". International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-2/W1-2021 (15.04.2021): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-2-w1-2021-113-2021.
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Abstract. Automatic identification of minerals in images of polished section is highly demanded in exploratory geology as it can provide a significant reduction in time spent in the study of ores and eliminate the factor of misdiagnosis of minerals. The development of algorithms for automatic analysis of images of polished sections makes it possible to create of a universal tool for comparing ores from different deposits, which is also much in demand. The main contribution of this paper can be summed up in three parts: i) creation of LumenStone dataset (https://imaging.cs.msu.ru/en/research/geology/lumenstone) which unites high-quality geological images of different mineral associations and provides pixel-level semantic segmentation masks, ii) development of CNN-based neural network for automatic identification of minerals in images of polished sections, iii) implementation of software tool with graphical user interface that can be used by expert geologists to perform an automatic analysis of polished sections images.
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Post, Jeffrey E., Michael A. Wise, Russell C. Feather i Paul W. Pohwat. "The Smithsonian Institution's New Hall of Geology, Gems, and Minerals". Rocks & Minerals 73, nr 1 (styczeń 1998): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529809603060.
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Megaw, Peter K. M., i Mark D. Barton. "The Geology & Minerals of Cerro de Mercado, Durango, Mexico". Rocks & Minerals 74, nr 1 (styczeń 1999): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529909602510.
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Schimmrich, Steven Henry. "Exploring Geology on the World-Wide Web – Rocks and Minerals". Journal of Geoscience Education 44, nr 5 (listopad 1996): 600–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.5408/0022-1368-44.5.600.
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da Paixão, Mariana, Lauro Cézar Santos i Haroldo Lima. "AN OVERVIEW ON THE MINERALOGY AND CRISTALLOGRAPHY FIELD COURSE GUIDE AT THE SERIDÓ PEGMATITIC PROVINCE: A CONTRIBUTION FOR UNDERGRADUATE GEOLOGY STUDENTS OF THE FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF PERNAMBUCO, BRAZIL". Estudos Geológicos 32, nr 2 (13.12.2022): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18190/1980-8208/estudosgeologicos.v32n2p72-86.
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This report presents basic guidelines to help undergraduate first year geology students at the Federal University of Pernambuco Brazil. It reviews general aspects of the Mineralogy field trip presenting a comprehensive review on pegmatite classification, regional geology of the Seridó Pegmatitic Province (Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba states) as well as local geological aspects of three mines that are visited and locally mapped. During the field trip, the Dedego, Pendanga and Sítio Mulungu mines are visited, offering the opportunity to describe pegmatites and host rocks in one of the most famous regions that produce industrial minerals and gemstones for commercial purposes. During the visit, crystallographic and physical aspects of granitic pegmatite-related minerals are discussed, including didactical varieties of quartz, feldspars, mica, tourmaline, garnet and beryl crystals. Mining aspects on pegmatitic rocks in the region are also accessed, allowing the first-year student to have an early contact with mineral exploration and mining companies and their professionals, which will be of great importance for their development during the geology undergraduate course.
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SIEDIN, V., O. HRABOVETS, V. KOVBA, V. ULIANOV i V. MYKALO. "USING OF ROCKS OF FACING OF BUILDINGS PSACEA IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS". Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, nr 2 (23.08.2021): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.270421.88.755.
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Problem statement. The problem of improving the learning process can be solved by increasing the educational collections of minerals and rocks that can be found every day, but for various reasons, do not pay attention to them. The best samples of various stone materials were usually used for cladding. Similarly, in the external and internal cladding of the academy buildings were used varieties of rocks that differ in strength, color, texture, structure and inclusions of minerals and are the best examples of decorative building materials. Purpose of the article. All this diverse stone decoration of the Academy can be used in the educational process, in particular, for the study of minerals and rocks within the discipline “Engineering Geology”, which is read to all students of the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, as well as the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Ecology. Conclusion. All this diverse stone decoration of the Academy is quite possible to use in the educational process, in particular, for the study of minerals and rocks in the framework of teaching the discipline “Engineering Geology”, which is read to all students of the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, as well as the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Ecology. Thanks to the polished surface of large slabs of facing rocks, it is possible to visually and more fully identify rocks while studying the relevant disciplines, which is convenient for teaching students of all specialties. It is expedient to use facing materials of buildings of educational institution in the course of studying of geological disciplines, especially for students-architects for what it is necessary to provide target excursions on buildings of academy. Various rocks, with which the interior elements are faced, serve as a good addition to the existing educational collections of the Department of Engineering Geology and Geotechnics.
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Taylor, R. K., i T. J. Smith. "The engineering geology of clay minerals: swelling, shrinking and mudrock breakdown". Clay Minerals 21, nr 3 (wrzesień 1986): 235–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1986.021.3.01.
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AbstractSwelling, shrinking and physical breakdown processes are reviewed with reference to well-known mudrock and overconsolidated clay formations in the UK and USA. Swelling results from two processes: the equilibration of depressed porewater pressures following stress relief, and the physico-chemical (osmotic) response of component clay minerals. Expansion in Na-smectite, and to a lesser extent Ca-smectite, clays is governed by double-layer swelling, whereas in kaolinites it is purely a mechanical unloading phenomenon; illites show an intermediate response. Intraparticle swelling in mudrocks older than the Silurian in the UK, or Upper Mississippian in the USA, can be expected to be reduced because of the removal of expandable layers by burial diagenesis. Shrinkage, like mudrock breakdown, is restricted to the partly saturated zone. Suction pressure-moisture content curves of indurated mudrocks are shown to be different from mudrocks and clays with high proportions of expandable clay minerals. Classification of expansion potential based on activity ratio poses problems with indurated types, but with some modification of method reasonable predictions can be made. Controls on physical disintegration are identified as: (i) incidence of sedimentary structures and discontinuities, (ii) slaking (air breakage), (iii) expandable clay mineral content, especially smectite, and (iv) clay mineral fabric orientation. Exceptionally high exchangeable sodium percentages have been measured in Coal Measures rocks susceptible to breakdown.
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Nedbailo, O. M., i O. G. Chernyshyn. "Technological properties of clay raw materials". Кераміка: наука і життя, nr 4(49) (23.01.2021): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26909/csl.4.2020.1.
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The article summarizes and analyzes the technological characteristics of various clay raw materials. Recommendations on the feasibility of their use in various types of ceramic production are given. Their main characteristics are given, such as chemical composition, mineralogical and physical properties, which vary within extremely wide limits. They are most characterized by a layered structure. All clay minerals are considered as secondary geological formations that arose in deposits in which water was present as a product of changes in aluminosilicate rocks. Most clay minerals are the product of weathering and deposition, but they can also be formed in hydrothermal conditions.
In addition to basic clay minerals, clays also contain various amounts of other minerals that often affect their behavior when used. The most common such minerals are quartz, feldspar and minerals containing iron, lime, alkalis and soluble salts. The organic component is also found in many clay deposits. Different classifications of clays are based on their geology, mineralogy, composition, properties and uses, but none of them covers all possible diversity.
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Pastero, Linda. "Carbonates". Crystals 8, nr 11 (8.11.2018): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst8110423.
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Although the minerals belonging to the carbonate group are a widely discussed subject, their relevance remains unchanged due to their many applications in a wide range of disciplines, from mineralogy, geochemistry and geology, to biology, medicine, industry and waste remediation. [...]
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Тolstov, Alexander, i Nikolay Zinchuk. "The contribution of the TSNIGRI Diamond laboratory to the scientific treasury of Yakutia". Ores and metals, nr 2 (6.08.2022): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47765/0869-5997-2022-10008.
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Brief information is given on the main stages of scientific activity or the half-century history of the Research Geological Enterprise (NIGP) of PJSC ALROSA, confirming their inheritance from the initial stages of the enterprise (Diamond Laboratory, YaOKI, YaF and YANIGP TsNIGRI) in various scientific areas (geology, tectonics, stratigraphy, paleotectonics, paleogeography, petrophysics, petrography, petrology, petrochemistry, geophysics, geochemistry, complex study of primary and secondary minerals, etc.). Attention is focused on individual stages of such studies, caused by the expansion of the geography of research and the development of a modern set of methods for studying the material composition of rocks. Over the half-century period of activity of the Diamond Laboratory - NIGP PJSC ALROSA (PJSC) in Yakutia, the company’s scientists have transferred and implemented hundreds of forecast and methodological recommendations into geological exploration, published thousands of articles, published more than a hundred monographs on a wide range of areas of geology of solid minerals and, First of all, for diamonds.
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Miller, Randy F., i Diane N. Buhay. "19th to early 20th century geology lectures in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada". Atlantic Geology 51, nr 1 (28.10.2015): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2015.014.
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Saint John, New Brunswick, has a long history of popularization of geology dating back to lectures presented in the 1820s. The first lecture series that included geology and presented to a public audience in 1824 was followed by almost a century of public engagement and presentation of geology topics to a relatively small city of 20 000 to 30 000 people. Lectures were often very general about the science of geology, specific as to the nature of minerals and mining in New Brunswick, and leading edge concerning the first discoveries of significant fossils in the Province. Even though it was a relatively small community, Saint John had an abundance of knowledgeable people, and institutions for presentation and discussion at the Saint John Mechanics’ Institute and the Natural History Society of New Brunswick.
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Aldis, Margot, Maximilian Posch i Julian Aherne. "Normative Mineralogy of 1170 Soil Profiles across Canada". Minerals 13, nr 4 (12.04.2023): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13040544.
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Weathering of soil minerals provides base cations that buffer against acidity, and nutrients that support plant growth. In general, direct observations of soil minerals are rare; however, their abundance can be determined indirectly through soil geochemistry using normative-calculation procedures. This study compiled a data set of major oxide content from published and archived soil geochemical observations for 1170 sites across Canada (averaged over the soil profile [A, B, and C horizons], weighted by depth and bulk density to a maximum depth of 50 cm). Quantitative soil mineralogy (wt%) was systematically determined at each site using the normative method, ‘Analysis to Mineralogy’ (A2M); the efficacy of the approach was evaluated by comparison to X-ray Diffraction (XRD) mineralogy available for a subset of the study sites. At these sites, predicted A2M mineralogy was significantly related to estimated XRD, showing a strong linear relationship for plagioclase, quartz, and K-feldspar, and a moderate linear relationship for chlorite and muscovite. Further, the predicted A2M plagioclase content was almost identical to the estimated XRD soil mineralogy, showing no statistical difference. The Canada-wide predicted quantitative soil mineralogy was consistent with the underlying bedrock geology, such as in north-western Saskatchewan and north-eastern Alberta, which had high amounts of quartz due to the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. Other soil minerals (plagioclase, potassium feldspar, chlorite, and muscovite) varied greatly in response to changing bedrock geology across Canada. Normative approaches, such as A2M, provide a reliable approach for national-scale determination of quantitative soil mineralogy, which is essential for the assessment of soil weathering rates.
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Formoso, Milton L. L. "Some topics on geochemistry of weathering: a review". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 78, nr 4 (grudzień 2006): 809–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652006000400014.
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Weathering is a complex process comprising physical disaggregation, chemical and biological decomposition of rocks and minerals transforming complex structure minerals in simpler ones. Hydrolysis of silicates is perhaps the most important process but associated certainly to biological weathering. It is discussed the role ofwaters: activities/concentrations of chemical species, pH, Eh, importance of complexes. Weathering is not only a destructive process. It can concentrate chemical species and form mineral deposits (kaolin, bauxite, Fe, Mn, P, Nb, Au). Weathering studies are important in pedology, engineering geology, hydrogeology, paleoclimatology and ecology. The use of stonemeal is based upon the study of rock weathering.
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Kurylo, M. M., i O. V. Plotnikov. "SIGNIFICANCE OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND GEOLOGICAL – ECONOMIC RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENT AND RENEWAL OF DOMESTIC MINERAL BASE". Odesa National University Herald. Geography and Geology 19, nr 3(22) (3.04.2015): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2303-9914.2014.3(22).40424.
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The purpose of this paper is to summarize, systematize possible objects of studying in economic geology, to identify key research methods and their role in further development of domestic mineral base with regard to requirements of education and research institutions, mining and geological enterprises too.The object of economic geology is subsoil area that is characterized by the presence of minerals (components) and / or useful properties. The subjects of economic geology studying are geological, mining, technological, environmental and economic criteria that define commercial value of the subsoil area.Main research methods were identified: different methods of calculation and evaluation of mineral reserves and resources; geological, ecological and geotechnical studies that allow estimating mining risks.As results, it was defined object and subject of study, methods of teaching and scientific research in specialty “Economic Geology”. Main lines of geological and economic studies which are realized for development of domestic mineral resource base are described. The teaching experience in specialty “Economic Geology” of geological departments at domestic universities is summarized.
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Kerhin, Randall T. "Non-energy minerals and surficial geology of the continental margin of Maryland". Marine Geology 90, nr 1-2 (listopad 1989): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(89)90118-7.
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Huskić, Igor, i Tomislav Friščić. "Understanding geology through crystal engineering: coordination complexes, coordination polymers and metal–organic frameworks as minerals". Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 74, nr 6 (1.12.2018): 539–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520618014762.
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Recent structural studies of organic minerals, coupled with the intense search for new carbon-containing mineral species, have revealed naturally occurring structures analogous to those of advanced materials, such as coordination polymers and even open metal–organic frameworks exhibiting nanometre-sized channels. While classifying such `non-conventional' minerals represents a challenge to usual mineral definitions, which focus largely on inorganic structures, this overview highlights the striking similarity of organic minerals to artificial organic and metal–organic materials, and shows how they can be classified using the principles of coordination chemistry and crystal engineering.
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Heilimo, Esa, Sini Halonen, Satu Mertanen, Sami Niemi i Perttu Mikkola. "Hiekkapohja hydrothermal system – ore mineral, lithogeochemical and paleomagnetic evidence from the Paleoproterozoic Central Finland Granitoid Complex". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland 94, nr 2 (27.12.2022): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17741/bgsf/94.2.003.
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The Paleoproterozoic Svecofennian Central Finland Granitoid Complex (CFGC) has been regarded as an area of low mineralisation potential. The Hiekkapohja area, 20km north-east of the town of Jyväskylä, host a concentration of variable metalliferous showings. Samples from mineralised boulders and outcrops display variable combinations of anomalously high concentrations of Cu, Mo, Zn, Pb, W, Pb, Ag, As, and Au. The area is composed mainly of peraluminous and ferroan granitoids. The dominant porphyritic Hiekkapohja granodiorite (~1.88 Ga) is cross-cut by the equigranular Soimavuori granite of similar age. The porphyritic Lehesvuori granite on the western side of the study area represents marginally older (~1.89 Ga) magmatism. The paragenetic sequence of the ore minerals shows that the Hiekkapohja area has been affected by at least two separate stages of hydrothermal activity. The first mineralisation stage was widespread, crystallising typically chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, arsenopyrite, magnetite and Ag-bearing minerals. After the first stage, a low temperature oxidising phase formed hematite and marcasite. The second mineralisation stage enclosed low temperature minerals, such as marcasite and native Ag and Ag-minerals, as inclusions inside chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, and arsenopyrite. The mineralised samples typically display signs of K-metasomatism and less commonly signs of propylitic alteration. During the second mineralisation stage the fluid flow was controlled by the dominant 120°–135° trending shear zones. Both the hydrothermal activity and the regional geology indicate that porphyry type ore forming processes have occurred in the Hiekkapohja area. Paleoproterozoic resetting of the remanent magnetisation is further evidence for the role of the hydrothermal system.
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Salieva, R. N. "Regulatory support for the design and development of oil fields". Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University, nr 3 (15.05.2020): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2020.67.3.048-055.
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The article presents the results of the analysis of legislation and practice of its application in the sphere of legal regulation of relations on the design of oil field development, including fields with hard‑to‑recover minerals. It is noted that the definition of «hard‑to‑recover minerals «is not fixed in the regulatory documents. To develop the concept of «hard‑to‑recover mineral deposits», it is necessary to attract special knowledge from the field of Geology, Economics of the geological industry. Signs of oil deposits (as well as other minerals) located in specific geological conditions, for example, in shale formations; at great depths in the earth’s interior, and therefore requiring special technological and technical solutions for their extraction, it is advisable to fix at the level of law. In this regard, special design rules are required for deposits containing hard‑to‑recover minerals. In order to implement the main provisions of the Energy strategy, the state should ensure systematic and comprehensive legal regulation of economic (business) relations in the field of oil production by adopting a special law.
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Germakhanov, Aslambek A., Alexander I. Chernykh, Mikhail M. Girfanov, Valery A. Istomin i Andrey S. Svatkov. "The state and prospects of development of the mineral resource base of solid minerals of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela". Ores and metals, nr 4 (11.01.2023): 10–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47765/0869-5997-2022-10020.
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The status and prospects of the mineral resource base of solid minerals of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, as well as possibilities for developing the RussianVenezuelan cooperation in the field of geology and mineral resource management are considered. Venezuela has world's largest oil reserves and a wide range of solid minerals (gold, diamonds, nickel, bauxite, iron ores, tantalum and niobium, other rare and base metals, various industrial minerals), which resource base retains significant growth prospects. The main direction of intensification of the mining industry is associated with implementation of a large-scale Governmental program for the geological study and development of the Orinoco Mining Belt in the northern Bolivar State. Within the belt, a number of commercial mineral deposits and much significant potential resources of the solid minerals have been identified and localized, requiring a modern reassessment in order to increase their investment attractiveness for major foreign mining companies. A prominent place in the development of the mineral resource complex of Venezuela can be occupied by Russian mining companies in cooperation with organizations of the Russian Geological Survey.
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Makvandi, Sheida, Philippe Pagé, Jonathan Tremblay i Réjean Girard. "Exploration for Platinum-Group Minerals in Till: A New Approach to the Recovery, Counting, Mineral Identification and Chemical Characterization". Minerals 11, nr 3 (4.03.2021): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11030264.
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The discovery of new mineral deposits contributes to the sustainable mineral industrial development, which is essential to satisfy global resource demands. The exploration for new mineral resources is challenging in Canada since its vast lands are mostly covered by a thick layer of Quaternary sediments that obscure bedrock geology. In the course of the recent decades, indicator minerals recovered from till heavy mineral concentrates have been effectively used to prospect for a broad range of mineral deposits including diamond, gold, and base metals. However, these methods traditionally focus on (visual) investigation of the 0.25–2.0 mm grain-size fraction of unconsolidated sediments, whilst our observations emphasize on higher abundance, or sometimes unique occurrence of precious metal (Au, Ag, and platinum-group elements) minerals in the finer-grained fractions (<0.25 mm). This study aims to present the advantages of applying a mineral detection routine initially developed for gold grains counting and characterization, to platinum-group minerals in <50 µm till heavy mineral concentrates. This technique, which uses an automated scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer, can provide quantitative mineralogical and semi-quantitative chemical data of heavy minerals of interest, simultaneously. This work presents the mineralogical and chemical characteristics, the grain size distribution, and the surface textures of 2664 discrete platinum-group mineral grains recovered from the processing of 5194 glacial sediment samples collected from different zones in the Canadian Shield (mostly Quebec and Ontario provinces). Fifty-eight different platinum-group mineral species have been identified to date, among which sperrylite (PtAs2) is by far the most abundant (n = 1488; 55.86%). Textural and mineral-chemical data suggest that detrital platinum-group minerals in the studied samples have been derived, at least in part, from Au-rich ore systems.
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Hung, Khuong The. "Hydrothermal and Metasomatic Kaolin Resource Estimation in the Quang Ninh area, Northeastern Vietnam". Iraqi Geological Journal 54, nr 2E (30.11.2021): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.54.2e.12ms-2021-11-28.
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In northeastern Vietnam, hydrothermal‐metasomatic kaolinite-pyrophyllite from the secondary quartzite origin has been found in many places, including Pin Ho, Ban Ngai, Khe Khoai, Pec Sec Leng, Tan Mai ore occurrences, etc. They are exploited together with pyrophyllite, alunite, and high‐alumina quartzite as a byproduct. There were 810 chemical and mineral samples in the Quang Ninh area collected to investigate hydrothermal‐metasomatic kaolin resources. The ore minerals consist of kaolin-group minerals (kaolinite, dickite), pyrophyllite, quartz with minor sericite, alunite, diaspora, etc. They were identified by X-ray diffraction, and microscope and scanning electron microscope coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses. Chemical analyses of major oxides were carried out on clays and parent rock samples by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The similarity-analogy in ore geology and mineral resource estimation based on statistical methods are employed to estimate hydrothermal‐metasomatic kaolin resources from the Quang Ninh area in northeastern Vietnam. The mineral resource estimation based on statistical methods shows 2.21 million tons of kaolin obtained by the content of aluminum oxide over 28% of the Pec Sec Leng mine, accounting for 14.3% in total. The similarity-analogy in ore geology indicates 158.16 million tons of kaolinite-pyrophyllite ores, of which, 22.0 million tons are kaolin. These methods display that the Quang Ninh area contains mainly pyrophyllite rather than kaolin resources. Our study suggests that the Quang Ninh area can be considered as a potential pyrophyllite resource in northeastern Vietnam for future exploration. Furthermore, the one resource estimation based on similarity-analogy in ore geology method shows an overview of the prospect on kaolinite-pyrophyllite resources in the Quang Ninh area, northeastern Vietnam.
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ALEXANDER N., BARMIN, VALOV MIKHAIL V., SEREBRYAKOV OLEG I., BELYAEV DANIIL YU. i DEDOV KIRILL V. "GENERAL LANDSCAPE STUDIES AND GEOECOLOGY, GEOLOGY, HYDROGEOLOGY AND GEOLOGY OF OIL AND GAS AT ASTRAKHAN STATE UNIVERSITY". Geology, Geography and Global Energy 81, nr 2 (2021): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21672/2077-6322-2021-81-2-010-024.
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The purpose of the work is a historical review of the development of Earth Sciences at Astrakhan State University (ASU), key research issues in the field of landscape science, geoecology, geology, hydrogeology and oil and gas geology, as well as the consideration of scientific research of candidates and doctors of sciences who have contributed to the development of natural sciences at ASU. Methods. The paper uses: the method of complex scientific analysis, comparative analysis, statistical method, study and application of available literary and scientific materials. Results. The directions of the Earth Sciences, the study of which continues at the present time, are described. Scientific work on the study of various aspects of geology, exploration and development of natural minerals, hydrogeology and geology of oil and gas, landscape studies, urban studies, remote sensing of the earth, technosphere safety and hydrology at Astrakhan State University is active and diverse. Conclusions. New knowledge and discoveries are obtained based on the achieved results and traditions of the university, but at the same timewith the use of the latest technologies and equipment, which allows you to more fully explore many features of the region, especially valuable for improving the efficiency of the scientific industry.
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Joshua Samuel, S., M. R. Kannan, Y. Sheeba Sherlin i T. Vijayakumar. "Spectral Identification of Constituents of Rock Minerals". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1219, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1219/1/012021.
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Abstract The investigations of various planetary materials like mineral, organic, and biogenic materials, pre-solar grains, primitive meteoroids and soils from the moon and asteroids have been an effective research interest in planetary exploration. Spectroscopic analyses of terrestrial analog materials can give a best of understanding geology structure, chemical elements and processes on surfaces viz, valuable elements present in the earth and mars. The present work aims at understanding the identification of different types of rock minerals, its structure and chemical compositions, structural and micro-structural characterization. The rock sample is taken from the hills of Yelagiri located in the Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu. The samples were analyzed both as whole rocks and as fine powders as prepared similar to the ExoMars SPDS. The rock minerals are characterized using X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, FT Raman, X-ray Fluorescence.
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Pho, Nguyen Van, Pham Tich Xuan i Pham Thanh Dang. "Occurrence of supergene nickel ores in the Ha Tri Massive, Hoa An District, Cao Bang Province". VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 40, nr 2 (19.01.2018): 154–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/40/2/11676.
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Nickel (Ni) laterites are regolith materials derived from ultramafic rocks and play an important role in the world's Ni production. Ni-laterite deposits are the supergene enrichment of Ni formed from the intense chemical and mechanical weathering of ultramafic parental rocks. In Vietnam, the weathering profile containing Ni laterite was first discovered in the Ha Tri massive (Cao Bang). This profile develops on the Ha Tri serpentinized peridotite rocks classified to the Cao Bang mafic-ultramafic complex (North Vietnam) and exhibits thick weathered zone (10 - 15m). This work carried out a detailed study of the weathering profile at the center of Ha Tri massive. Samples from different horizons of the profile were collected and analyzed in detail by XRF, XRD and SEM-EDX methods to establish the relationship between the Ni-rich supergene products and the parental peridotites (lherzolite) rocks in Ha Tri massive. The results show that the saprolite horizon is most Ni-rich in the weathering profile in Ha Tri. In this horizon, Ni-silicate minerals of garnierite group such as pimelite, nepouite and other Mg-Ni silicates have been found. The appearance of minerals of garnierite group is due to the exchange of Mg by Ni during weathering of peridotite minerals, especially olivine, which leads to the enrichment of the supergene Ni. The occurrence of Ni silicates suggests the existence of the supergene Ni ore in the weathering profile of the Ha Tri massive.References Bosio N.J., Hurst J.V., Smith R.L., 1975. Nickelliferousnontronite, a 15 Å garnierite, at Niquelandia, Goias Brazil. Clays Clay Miner., 23, 400-403. Brand N.W., Butt C.R.M., Elias M., 1998. Nickel Laterites: Classification and features. AGSO Journal of Australian Geology & Geophysics, 17(4), 81-88. Bricker O.P., Nesbitt H.W. and Gunter W.D., 1973. The stability of talc. American Mineralogist, 58, 64-72. Brindley G.W. and Hang P.T., 1973. The nature of garnierites. Structures, chemical composition and color characteristics. Clay and Clay Minerals, 21, 27-40. Brindley G.W. and Maksimovic Z., 1974. The nature and nomenclature of hydrous nickel-containing silicates. Clay Minerals, 10, 271-277. Brindley G.W. and Wan H.M., 1975. Composition structures and thermal behavior of nickel containing minerals in thelizardite-ne´pouite series. American Mineralogist, 60, 863-871. Brindley G.W., Bish D.L. and Wan H.M., 1979. Compositions, structures and properties of nickel containing minerals in the kerolite-pimelite series. American Mineralogist, 64, 615-625. Cluzel D. and Vigier B., 2008. Syntectonic mobility of supergene nickel ores from New Caledonia (Southwest Pacific). Evidence from faulted regolith and garnierite veins. Resource Geology, 58, 161-170. Colin F., Nahon D., Trescases J.J., Melfi A.J., 1990. Lateritic weathering of pyroxenites at Niquelandia, Goais, Brazil: The supergene behavior ofnickel: Economic Geology, 85, 1010-1023. Das S.K., Sahoo R.K., Muralidhar J., Nayak B.K., 1999. Mineralogy and geochemistry of profilesthrough lateritic nickel deposits at Kansa,Sukinda, Orissa. Joural of Geoogical. SocietyIndia, 53, 649-668. Decarreau A., Colin F., Herbillon A., Manceau A., Nahon D., Paquet H., Trauth-Badaud D.,Trescases J.J., 1987. Domain segregation in NiFe-Mg-Smectites. Clay Minerals, 35, 1-10. Freyssinet P., Butt C.R.M. and Morris R.C., 2005. Oreforming processes related to lateritic weathering. Economic Geology, 100th aniversary volume, 681-722.Garnier J., Quantin C., Martins E.S., Becquer T., 2006. Solid speciation and availability of chromium in ultramafic soils from Niquelandia, Brazil. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 88, 206-209. Garnier J., Quantin C., Guimarães E., Becquer T., 2008. Can chromite weathering be a source of Cr in soils? Mineralogy Magazine, 72, 49-53. Gleeson S.A., Butt C.R. and Elias M., 2003. Nickel laterites: A review. SEG Newsletter, 54, 11-18. Gleeson S.A., Butt C.R., Wlias M., 2003. Nickellaterites: a review. SEG Newsletter, Society of Economic Geology, 54. Available from www.segweb.org. Golightly J.P., 1981. Nickeliferous laterite deposits. Economic Geology, 75th Anniversary volume, 710-735. Golightly J.P., 2010. Progress in understanding the evolution of nickel laterite. Society of Economic Geology, In Special Publication, 15, 451-485. Manceau A. and Calas G., 1985. Heterogeneous distribution of nickel in hydrous silicates from New Caledonia ore deposits. American Mineralogist, 70, 549-558. Nguyen Van Pho, 2013. Tropic weathering in Vietnam (in Vietnamese). Pubisher Science and Technology, 365p.Ngo Xuan Thanh, Tran Thanh Hai, Nguyen Hoang, Vu Quang Lan, S. Kwon, Tetsumaru Itaya, M. Santosh, 2014. Backarc mafic-ultramafic magmatism in Northeastern Vietnam and its regional tectonic significance. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 90, 45-60.Pelletier B., 1983. Localisation du nickel dans les minerais ‘‘garnieritiques’’ de Nouvelle-Caledonie. Sciences Ge´ologique: Me´moires, 73, 173-183.Pelletier B., 1996. Serpentines in nickel silicate ores from New Caledonia. In Grimsey E.J., and Neuss I. (eds): Nickel ’96, Australasian Institute of Miningand Metallurgy, Melbourne, Publication Series 6(9), 197-205. Proenza J.A., Lewis J.F., Galı´ S., Tauler E., Labrador M., Melgarejo J.C., Longo F. and Bloise G., 2008. Garnierite mineralization from Falcondo Ni-laterite deposit (Dominican Republic). Macla, 9, 197-198. Soler J.M., Cama J., Galı´ S., Mele´ndez W., Ramı´rez, A., andEstanga, J., 2008. Composition and dissolution kinetics ofgarnierite from the Loma de Hierro Ni-laterite deposit,Venezuela. Chemical Geology, 249, 191-202. Springer G., 1974. Compositional and structural variations ingarnierites. The Canadian Mineralogist, 12, 381-388. Springer G., 1976. Falcondoite, nickel analogue of sepiolite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 14, 407-409.Svetlitskaya T.V., Tolstykh N.D., Izokh A.E., Phuong Ngo Thi, 2015. PGE geochemical constraints on the origin of the Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide mineralization in the Suoi Cun intrusion, Cao Bang province, Northeastern Vietnam. Miner Petrol, 109, 161-180.Tran Trong Hoa, Izokh A.E., Polyakov G.V., Borisenko A.S., Tran Tuan Anh, Balykin P.A., Ngo Thi Phuong, Rudnev S.N., Vu Van Van, Bui An Nien, 2008. Permo-Triassic magmatism and metallogeny of Northern Vietnam in relation to the Emeishan plume. Russ. Geol. Geophys., 49, 480-491.Trescases J.J., 1975. L'évolution supergene des roches ultrabasiques en zone tropicale: Formation de gisements nikelifères de Nouvelle Caledonie. Editions ORSTOM, Paris, 259p.Tri T.V., Khuc V. (eds), 2011. Geology and Earth Resources of Vietnam. Publishing House for Science and Technology, 645p (in English). Villanova-de-Benavent C., Proenza J.A., GalíS., Tauler E., Lewis J.F. and Longo F., 2011. Talc- and serpentine-like ‘‘garnierites’’ in the Falcondo Ni-laterite deposit, Dominican Republic. ‘Let’s talk ore deposits’, 11th Biennial Meeting SGA 2011, Antofagasta, Chile, 3p.Wells M.A., 2003. Goronickel laterite deposit. New Caledonia. CRC LEME, p.3.
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DARBANDI, MAHBOOBEH PARVARESH, i JAFAR TAHERI. "USING SULFUR-CONTAINING MINERALS IN MEDICINE: IRANIAN TRADITIONAL DOCUMENTS AND MODERN PHARMACEUTICAL TERMINOLOGY". Earth Sciences History 37, nr 1 (1.01.2018): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-37.1.25.
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ABSTRACT Sulfur occurs naturally in the earth's crust as a pure element (native sulfur), as well as sulfide and sulfate minerals. From the biochemical point of view, sulfur is a vital element because it is a constituent of enzymes and other key proteins. In addition to modern uses of minerals, in old Iranian documents of traditional medicine, attention was paid to physico-chemical properties of minerals and the various methods of administration. In this review, the traditional usage of sulfur and sulfide minerals (e.g. orpiment, realgar and stibnite) and sulfate minerals (e.g. alum, jarosite, epsomite and melanterite) as documented in the Canon of Medicine of Avicenna (also known as Ibn Sina) and the Zakhireh Kharazmshahi of Jorjani, is compared with new findings about the advantages and disadvantages of these minerals in medical geology. The main conditions for the selection of mineral drugs was described first by Avicenna. There is a high correlation between old and modern pharmaceutical practices. The most important results concern the application of alum as a hemostatic agent (to inhibit hemorrhages), the use of jarosite as a method for treating osteoarthritis, the choice of melanterite for treating eczema, killing insects and as an anti-bacterial agent, the use of epsomite as an active ingredient in laxatives, homeostatics and mineral supplements, and the extensive use of sulfur in dermatology for its keratolytic effects and its supposed anti-microbial effects. In this review, newly developed pharmaceutical information about the use and effects on health of sulfide minerals will be compared to traditional pharmaceutical applications.
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Jiang, Yongguo, Yinliang Cui, Hongliang Nian, Changhua Yang, Yahui Zhang, Mingyong Liu, Heng Xu, Jinjun Cai i Hesong Liu. "The Origin of the Caiyuanzi Pb–Zn Deposit in SE Yunnan Province, China: Constraints from In Situ S and Pb Isotopes". Minerals 13, nr 2 (8.02.2023): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13020238.
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Located at the intersection of the Tethys and Pacific Rim metallogenic belts, the Laojunshan polymetallic metallogenic province in SE Yunnan Province hosts many large-scale W–Sn and Sn–Zn polymetallic deposits. The newly discovered Caiyuanzi medium-sized Pb–Zn deposit is located in the northern part of this province and has eight sulfide ore bodies. All the ore bodies occur in the siliceous rocks of the Lower Devonian Pojiao Formation (D1p). The ore bodies are conformable with stratigraphy and controlled by a lithologic horizon. The sulfide ores have banded or laminated structures. The ore minerals are mainly pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and galena. In this study, in situ sulfur and lead isotopes were used to constrain the origin of the Caiyuanzi Pb–Zn deposit. The results show that the in situ δ34S values of pyrite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite range from 0.1‰ to 6.0‰, with an average of 4.7‰. This δ34S signature reflects the mixing between magmatic-derived and reduced seawater sulfate sulfur. The in situ Pb isotopes characteristics of pyrite, galena, and sphalerite suggest that the sulfur and lead of ore minerals come from the upper crust. Integrating the data obtained from the studies including regional geology, ore geology, and S–Pb isotope geochemistry, we proposed that the Caiyuanzi Pb–Zn deposit is a hydrothermal deposit formed by sedimentary exhalative and magmatic hydrothermal superimposition.
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Udoratina, O. V., A. M. Shmakova, D. A. Varlamov i A. S. Shuisky. "Alkaline-ultrabasic rocks of Novobobrovsky ore field (Middle Timan): mineralogy, petrography". Proceedings of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences 3 (2021): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/1994-5655-2021-3-14-21.
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Minerals of disintegrated alkaline-ultrabasic dike rocks exposed by wells within the rare-metal–rare earth Novobo-brovsky ore field (Middle Timan) were studied. Microprobe studies were conducted in CCU "Geoscience" (Syktyvkar) and the Institute of Experimental Geology, RAS (Chernogolovka). Primary mineral parage-neses are difficult to diag-nose due to strong secondary alteration of rocks. The primary minerals are phlogopite (XMg = 0.64–0.89) and minerals of the chromespinelides group (the central parts are represented by chrompicotite, and the marginal zones – by ferrich-romite); the secondary minerals are represented by the chlorites group (talcochlorite, clinochlorite, pennine). The rock is saturated with numerous xenoliths of quartzite sandstones, and has also undergone fenitization processes, which is why the development of rare metal–rare earth mineralization is observed in the rock: columbite, rutile ↔ Nb-rutile ↔ ilme-norutil, monazite, Th-monazite, more rare phosphates (complex phosphates and hydroaluminophosphates of lead similar in composition to dragmanite, differing by the presence of Mn, Ba, K). The studied primary mineral parageneses are typical for the picrite-lamprophyre Chetlas dike complex developed here; the superimposed rare-metal–rare-earth mineralization is specific for dike rocks developed within the ore fields of the Kosyu ore cluster.
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Hussain, Sayed Mushahid, Syed Khaliq Hussain i Enayatollah Emami Meybodi. "PETROGRAPHIC AND PROVENANCE OF THE SANDSTONE OF RAWALPINDI GROUP IN LESSER HIMALAYAS". Earth Science Malaysia 5, nr 2 (29.12.2020): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/esmy.02.2021.93.103.
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In the present work, we deal with the petrographic and provenance of the sandstone of the Rawalpindi group in the lesser Himalayas. The formations present in the project area are Murree and Kamlial Formations of the Rawalpindi group. The petrological studies of Murree and Kamlial Formations determine the minerals composition prospect, which minerals have high proportion and which one is less proportion. Which aim to determine the petrological characteristic of these rock formations for the use of scientific studies or in engineering projects. Both of these two formations are Siwalik molasse deposits, the same orogeny correlation, same age from the same group. Determine the difference in such kind of similar rock formations are very important and also challenge in the field of geology. With highly advance petrographically analysis, it shows that Kamlial formation consists of heavy minerals such as garnet, tourmaline, etc., as compared with Murree formation consists of light minerals such as quartzite, Felice and feldspar, etc. And the provenance analysis of the sandstone of the Rawalpindi group is performed by the QFL ternary diagrams method. All the plots in the QFL diagram plot on recycled orogeny provenance field.
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Kunov, Angel. "Convergence of minerals with alunite-type structure (phosphates, phosphates-sulfates and sulfates), some cases from Bulgaria". Geologica Balcanica 29, nr 3-4 (30.12.1999): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.29.3-4.71.
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In the geology some cases of convergence are often established. The forming of same minerals under different conditions makes difficult the determination of their genesis as well as the processes responsible for their origin. In the nature many typomorphic minerals are known. The minerals with alunite-type structure (phosphate, phosphates with additional S04 groups, sulfates and arsenates) offer broad opportunities for studies on the convergence. In Bulgaria occur and are proved phosphates (plumbogummite, florencite), phosphates with additional S04 groups (corkite, hinsdalite, svanbergite, woodhauseite) and sulfates (alunite, jarosite, plumbojarosite, osarizawaite, beavearite). Most of them have been found related to ores and wall-rock alterations in localities with broad occurrence of hydrothermal-metasomatic and supergene processes. Based on main charactetistic features endogene and exogene alunites and jarosites are established. The so far found hinsdalite, plumbogummite, osarizawaite and beaverite are of supergene origin. The svanbergite and woodhauseite are found being of hydrothermal-metasomatic or undetermined origin. The correct genetic interpretations have an important practical and theoretical value. Therefore all data on the geological environment in which alunite and its structural analogues occur, the results of their experimental and theoretical modelling, and established relations between conditions of forming and minerals composition are valuable.
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Yakovlev, VL. "Essentiality of integrated supervision of efficient mineral mining in Northern and Northeastern Russia". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 991, nr 1 (1.02.2022): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/991/1/012009.
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Abstract The development strategy for deep structurally complex mineral mining and transition processes—a set of technical, technological and organizational measures to adapt geotechnical systems variable conditions of their functioning is defined. As mining is advanced and expands with the associate gain in information on geology and cost/performance, it critical to repeatedly estimate cut-off grades with regard to value of by-minerals and considering parameters of the main process flows involved in mineral extraction, pretreatment and processing. Features of the integrated mineral mining in Northern and Northeastern Russia are discussed in terms of complex concurrent development of the territories by means of creating a single infrastructure for a number of mines, including mines which extract minerals of different types.
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AWAD, Hamdy Ahmed Mohamed, i Aleksey Valer’evich NASTAVKIN. "Mineralogical and geochemical studies of gabbroids in the East Central Desert, Egypt". NEWS of the Ural State Mining University 59, nr 3 (15.09.2020): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/2307-2091-2020-3-41-51.
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Relevance of the work. The study area is limited to the Central-Eastern Desert of Egypt, represented by various rock units in addition to the gabbro rock containing iron oxides. Research Objective. This work is devoted to detailed studies of the geology of gabbroid rock minerals and iron oxides. Methodology. This work includes both field work (creation of a new geological map for various rock units in the study area) and laboratory work (preparation of thin sections for petrographic and mineralogical studies using a polarizing microscope and a scanning electron microscope SEM). Results and their application. Exploration and extraction of ore deposits and minerals in the eastern desert of Egypt is one of the most important goals for increasing the rate of mining in the country, which leads to economic recovery and meeting the needs of society. Previous work has focused on evaluating and studying economically mineral resources in the Central-Eastern Desert of Egypt. This place is considered one of the most promising mineral deposits in addition to the available iron oxide minerals. Geological studies show that the mineralization of iron oxide in the study area is mainly associated with gabbroid rocks, which carry iron oxide minerals in the form of groups and lenses in the lower part of the Earth’s layers, which is associated with magma rich in iron oxides. According to field studies, we found that iron minerals are represented by lenses up to 3 m thick, alternating with rock. Conclusions. The chemical analysis of minerals based on iron oxides was discovered using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) used to determine the chemical composition of these minerals, which are classified as minerals such as ilmenite and magnetite. Actually geochemical studies have shown that they have a high content of total iron oxides.
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Byrd, Christina. "Adaptation of Darwin Core Standards and Development of New Standards for Geologic Specimens". Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (15.06.2018): e25929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25929.
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The Darwin Core data standard has rapidly become the go-to standard for biological and paleontological specimens. In order to accommodate all of the timescale data for paleontology specimens, standards for geologic age were developed and incorporated into Darwin Core. At the Sternberg Museum of Natural History (FHSM), digitization of the paleontology collection has been a primary objective. The adoption of the Darwin Core standard for FHSM’s paleontology data spurred the idea to use Darwin Core for the geology collection as well. There are currently no widely accepted data standards for geology specimens, but there are some organizations who have uploaded their data management standards online. Even though Darwin Core was developed for the dissemination of biological information, many of the data fields are applicable to geology. FHSM is working to adopt and adapt Darwin Core standards for its geology collection. FHSM currently has 84 fields to record geology data. Approximately sixty percent of these data fields directly correspond with Darwin Core terms and have been adopted with the corresponding data format. Seven percent of the fields correspond with Darwin Core terms but require adaptation by adding new shared language within the term. These fields include the classification of rocks and minerals and the addition of “geologicSpecimen” for the Darwin Core term “Basis Of Record”. Fortunately, minerals have a classification system that loosely resembles animal taxonomy. For example, quartz is a mineral species that is part of a group called Tectosilicates, which is subsequently grouped into Silicates. One quarter of the FHSM fields are specific to geology and do not fit within the current Darwin Core data set. When determining terminology for these fields, FHSM staff utilized the terms and standards set by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), an international organization for making open standards for the global geospatial community. The terms adopted from the OGC come from a category called “EarthMaterial.” The remaining fields are specific to FHSM recordkeeping. In order to share these terms with others and hopefully start a larger conversation about data standards for this area of natural history, the terms and definitions will be made available on the FHSM website in the geology section. Using the same terms, formats, and overall standard across the disciplines at FHSM increases usability and uniformity of the different data sets, increases workflow efficiency, and simplifies development of the relational database for paleontological and geological specimens at FHSM.
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Vernikovsky, V. A., i V. S. Shatsky. "Current Issues of Tectonics, Paleogeography, Geodynamic Evolution, and Mineral Resources of the Continental Margins of the Russian Arctic". Russian Geology and Geophysics 63, nr 4 (1.04.2022): 321–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/rgg20214445.
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Abstract The special issue is focused on the problems of tectonics, paleogeography, geodynamic evolution, and mineral resources of the continental margins of the Russian Arctic. This topic is relevant, since the knowledge of the geologic structure of the Arctic Ocean and its formation and evolution can solve many global problems of geology and important regional problems, including the formation of oil- and gas-bearing sedimentary basins as well as prospecting for, and development of, diamonds and deposits of nonferrous, noble, rare-earth, and other minerals. In previous issues of Russian Geology and Geophysics, considerable attention was paid to the geology and oil and gas potential of the Arctic. In this special issue, emphasis is placed on the tectonics, stratigraphy, paleogeography, and petrology of the Arctic continental margins of Russia, the development of tectonic and geodynamic models for key structures, and diamond content and metallogeny of Arctic zones of the Siberian Platform, Chukotka, and the Kola Peninsula.
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Rennar-Potacco, Donna, Anymir Orellana i Rita Ramirez-Levine. "The Evolution of a Rocks and Minerals Challenge Game Design". International Journal of Designs for Learning 11, nr 2 (15.05.2020): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/ijdl.v11i2.24034.
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This design case describes design decisions and their impacts during three redesigns of an educational game called the “Rocks and Minerals Challenge.” This game was developed as a laboratory supplement for the rocks and minerals component of a university-based geology course. The game has evolved through three distinct design phases: Design 1, first designed as a challenge module in 2005; Design 2, redesigned as a game in 2012 for compatibility reasons; and Design 3, redesigned in 2015 to enhance instructional effectiveness. Following is a description of the game design factors that were implemented for each of the design phases: learning goals, levels of challenges, scaffold-ing, user control, feedback, and rules. The timing, rationale and impacts of these design decisions are discussed within the context of recommendations identified by existing educational game research.
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Pekov, Igor V. "Minerals from the Republic of Macedonia with an introduction to mineralogy". Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 32, nr 1 (15.06.2013): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2013.197.
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The reviewed monograph is the first extended work in which data on the minerals of the Republic of Macedonia have been described. This book is written in English to make the information on the mineralogy of the Republic of Macedonia accessible to a worldwide audience. The monograph contains a general introduction to mineralogy, which makes it useful for people starting their education in this science, i.e. students of geology, amateur mineralogists and mineral collectors in the Republic of Macedonia. Thus, the monograph is a dual-purpose book.
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Hafiza, Jana, i Fachrul Rozi Ramadhan. "IDENTIFIKASI MINERAL LOGAM LAYAK TAMBANG BERDASARKAN ANALISA SPECTROMETRI X-RAY FLUORESCENCE DAERAH ABAI BAGIAN UTARA, KECAMATAN SANGIR BATANG HARI, KABUPATEN SOLOK SELATAN, PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT". Rang Teknik Journal 6, nr 1 (14.01.2023): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31869/rtj.v6i1.3931.
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Solok Selatan is already known as an area that has potential precious metal, Gold. Local mining scale can be found on site certain areas in Abai Region, especially in the North, which was previously believed to exist the presence of these minerals. Based on the consideration of associated mineral associations gold, of course the presence of other precious metals deserves further investigation such as Copper (Cu), Silver (Ag), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn) and Titanium (Ti). Exploration activities and geochemical analysis need to be carried out to determine the characteristics of the associated metallic minerals of Gold in Abai Region. A series of explorations carried out with a direct mapping mechanism to determine the topography, morphology, local geology, distribution of lithology and type of gold deposit. The collected samples will be tested in a chemical laboratory to determine gold content, chemical composition, and other metallic minerals. This research is expected to be able to answer the characteristics of the material (mineral) based on the geochemistry of precious metal compounds and can recommend better management in the presence of other precious metals.
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XAVIER, Milson. "PROCEDIMENTOS PARA DETERMINAÇÃO DE DENSIDADE RELATIVA DOS MINERAIS: UMA VIVÊNCIA NOS LABORATÓRIOS DE MINERALOGIA DO MUSEU DE GEOCIÊNCIAS DA UFPA". BOLETIM DO MUSEU DE GEOCIÊNCIAS DA AMAZÔNIA 8 (2021), nr 1 (6.05.2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31419/issn.2594-942x.v82021i1a2mesx.
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The role of Mineralogy in society has an extraordinary and unique importance, to the point of verifying its presence both on the wall of the environment where the individual is, in times of pandemic, or on the unoccupied asphalt of the external environment. In the study of Mineralogy, the determination of the relative density of minerals is a constant assignment of professionals in the mineral industry, either for the purpose of identifying mineral substances or for solving storage and transportation issues. Therefore, knowing the equipment and which procedures for determining it are fundamental issues for solving these problems. In this way, descriptions of operational procedures of some equipment are presented, built with the purpose of determining the relative density of minerals, as a way to contribute to undergraduate students in Geology or similar sciences.
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Bredal, Tine, Udo Zimmermann, Merete Madland, Mona Minde, Alexander Ost, Tom Wirtz, Jean-Nicolas Audinot i Reidar Korsnes. "High-Resolution Topographic and Chemical Surface Imaging of Chalk for Oil Recovery Improvement Applications". Minerals 12, nr 3 (15.03.2022): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12030356.
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Chalk is a very fine-grained carbonate and can accommodate high porosity which is a key characteristic for high-quality hydrocarbon reservoirs. A standard procedure within Improved Oil Recovery (IOR) is seawater-injection which repressurizes the reservoir pore pressure. Long-term seawater-injection will influence mineralogical processes as dissolution and precipitation of secondary minerals. These secondary minerals (<1 micrometer) precipitate during flooding experiments mimicking reservoir conditions. Due to their small sizes, analysis from traditional scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy is not conclusive because of insufficient spatial resolution and detection limit. Therefore, chalk was analyzed with high-resolution imaging by helium ion microscopy (HIM) combined with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) for the first time. Our aim was to identify mineral phases at sub-micrometer scale and identify locations of brine–rock interactions. In addition, we wanted to test if current understanding of these alteration processes can be improved with the combination of complementary imaging techniques and give new insights to IOR. The HIM-SIMS imaging revealed well-defined crystal boundaries and provided images of excellent lateral resolution, allowing for identification of specific mineral phases. Using this new methodology, we developed chemical identification of clay minerals and could define their exact location on micron-sized coccolith grains. This shows that it is essential to study mineralogical processes at nanometer scale in general, specifically in the research field of applied petroleum geology within IOR.