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1
Mahfouz, Safi Mahmoud. "Tragedy in the Arab Theatre: the Neglected Genre". New Theatre Quarterly 27, nr 4 (listopad 2011): 368–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x11000686.
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In this article Safi Mahmoud Mahfouz investigates the current state of tragedy in the Arab theatre and suggests some of the reasons behind the lack of an authentic Arabic tragedy developed from the Aristotelian tradition. Through analyses of the few translations and adaptations into Arabic of Shakespearean and classical tragedy, he both confirms and questions the claims of non-Arabic scholars that ‘the Arab mind is incapable of producing tragedy’. While the wider theatre community has been introduced to a handful of the Arab world's most prominent dramatists in translation, many are still largely unknown and none has a claim to be a tragedian. Academic studies of Arabic tragedy are insubstantial, while tragedy, in the classical sense, plays a very minor role in Arab drama, the tendency of Arab dramatists being towards comedy or melodrama. Safi Mahmoud Mahfouz is Head of the Department of English Language and Literature at UNRWA University, Amman, Jordan. His research interests include American Literature, Arabic and Middle Eastern literatures, modern and contemporary drama, contemporary poetics, comparative literature, and synchronous and asynchronous instructional technology.
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Chaudhuri, Sukanta. "Shakespeare Comes to Bengal". Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance 27, nr 42 (23.11.2023): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2083-8530.27.03.
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India has the longest engagement with Shakespeare of any non-Western country. In the eastern Indian region of Bengal, contact with Shakespeare began in the eighteenth century. His plays were read and acted in newly established English schools, and performed professionally in new English theatres. A paradigm shift came with the foundation of the Hindu College in Calcutta in 1817. Shakespeare featured largely in this new ‘English education’, taught first by Englishmen and, from the start of the twentieth century, by a distinguished line of Indian scholars. Simultaneously, the Shakespearean model melded with traditional Bengali popular drama to create a new professional urban Bengali theatre. The close interaction between page and stage also evinced a certain tension. The highly indigenized theatre assimilated Shakespeare in a varied synthesis, while academic interest focused increasingly on Shakespeare’s own text.
Beyond the theatre and the classroom, Shakespeare reached out to a wider public, largely as a read rather than performed text. He was widely read in translation, most often in prose versions and loose adaptations. His readership extended to women, and to people outside the city who could not visit the theatre. Thus Shakespeare became part of the shared heritage of the entire educated middle class. Bengali literature since the late nineteenth century testifies strongly to this trend, often inducing a comparison with the Sanskrit dramatist Kalidasa. Most importantly, Shakespeare became part of the common currency of cultural and intellectual exchange.
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ROZHCHENKO, Zoya, i Amirreza MOLLAAKHMADI-DEKHAHI. "THE GREAT POET OF IRANIAN MODERNITY SIMIN BEHBAHANI AND SOME INTERPRETING PROBLEMS IN THE TRANSLATION OF PERSIAN GHAZAL INTO INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES". Folia Philologica, nr 2 (2021): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/folia.philologica/2021/2/6.
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Simin Behbahani is the most outstanding contemporary Iranian poet famous for her participation in political actions for civil freedoms such as women’s rights, against cruel forms of punishment and against Iran-Iraq war. She participated in the movement of mothers of political prisoners as well. But she became more famous in Iran for her lyrical poetry written in a traditional form of ghazal and not for her political activities. The aim of the article is to make the analyses of Simin Behbahani’s poetry and to consider the problems of its translation into different European languages. Such problems can be explained by the different ways of poetry in the eastern and western cultures: 1) the problem of keeping the metrics of ghazal; 2) the problem of keeping the sense of ghazal. Ghazal as the form originated in the Arabic literature was spread through the Near and Middle East culture and it was not known in Europe until 19th century. From the very beginning ghazal was performed against the backdrop of playing stringed musical instruments. According to the last researchers, ghazal became a base for the development of European sonnet. The authors of this article make a short review of the rhythmical features of ghazal and define its main components, such as bayt, matlaa, radif and others, that should be present at the translated text. It is important to keep these components in verse while translating because rhythmical characteristics of the ghazal are primary relatively to its sense. Scientific novelty. Simin Behbahani is known as a pioneer, who combined in her poetry genres and style of qasida and ghazal. This article deals with the translation of the ghazals by Simin Behbahani into different European languages, such as English and Romanian. Various poems by Simin Behbahani were translated by several interpreters who based their work on different reproduction principles of the original text. Metric and rhythmic of Persian verses were not kept even by the best translators into English. Farzane Milani used in her adaptation the free verse (vers libre) which had become the national form in the English poetry of the 20th century. This choise is good for translator who was born in Iran and now works at the University of Virinia. She made Persian verse understandable for native English speaker and focused at the main substance of poetry. In conclusion, Romanian translator reproduced metric and rhythmic features of the English translation but not of the Persian original. That’s why Ukrainian translators must take in account such experience and use the original text for reading.
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ROZHCHENKO, Zoya, i Amirreza MOLLAAKHMADI-DEKHAHI. "THE GREAT POET OF IRANIAN MODERNITY SIMIN BEHBAHANI AND SOME INTERPRETING PROBLEMS IN THE TRANSLATION OF PERSIAN GHAZAL INTO INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES". Folia Philologica, nr 2 (2021): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/folia.philologica/2021/2/6.
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Simin Behbahani is the most outstanding contemporary Iranian poet famous for her participation in political actions for civil freedoms such as women’s rights, against cruel forms of punishment and against Iran-Iraq war. She participated in the movement of mothers of political prisoners as well. But she became more famous in Iran for her lyrical poetry written in a traditional form of ghazal and not for her political activities. The aim of the article is to make the analyses of Simin Behbahani’s poetry and to consider the problems of its translation into different European languages. Such problems can be explained by the different ways of poetry in the eastern and western cultures: 1) the problem of keeping the metrics of ghazal; 2) the problem of keeping the sense of ghazal. Ghazal as the form originated in the Arabic literature was spread through the Near and Middle East culture and it was not known in Europe until 19th century. From the very beginning ghazal was performed against the backdrop of playing stringed musical instruments. According to the last researchers, ghazal became a base for the development of European sonnet. The authors of this article make a short review of the rhythmical features of ghazal and define its main components, such as bayt, matlaa, radif and others, that should be present at the translated text. It is important to keep these components in verse while translating because rhythmical characteristics of the ghazal are primary relatively to its sense. Scientific novelty. Simin Behbahani is known as a pioneer, who combined in her poetry genres and style of qasida and ghazal. This article deals with the translation of the ghazals by Simin Behbahani into different European languages, such as English and Romanian. Various poems by Simin Behbahani were translated by several interpreters who based their work on different reproduction principles of the original text. Metric and rhythmic of Persian verses were not kept even by the best translators into English. Farzane Milani used in her adaptation the free verse (vers libre) which had become the national form in the English poetry of the 20th century. This choise is good for translator who was born in Iran and now works at the University of Virinia. She made Persian verse understandable for native English speaker and focused at the main substance of poetry. In conclusion, Romanian translator reproduced metric and rhythmic features of the English translation but not of the Persian original. That’s why Ukrainian translators must take in account such experience and use the original text for reading.
5
Orsini, Francesca. "From Eastern Love to Eastern Song: Re-translating Asian Poetry". Comparative Critical Studies 17, nr 2 (czerwiec 2020): 183–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2020.0358.
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This essay explores the loop of translations and re-translations of ‘Eastern poetry’ from Asia into Europe and back into (South) Asia at the hands of ‘Oriental translators’, translators of poetry who typically used existing translations as their original texts for their ambitious and voluminous enterprises. If ‘Eastern’ stood in all cases for a kind of exotic (in the etymological sense of ‘from the outside’) poetic exploration, for Adolphe Thalasso in French and E. Powys Mathers in English, Eastern love poetry could shade into prurient ethno-eroticism. For the Urdu poet and translator Miraji, instead, what counted in Eastern poetry was oral, rhythmic and visual richness – song.
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Abdullayeva, Elnara. "ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF MEDIEVAL CLASSICAL AZERBAIJAN LITERATURE". Scientific Journal of Polonia University 54, nr 5 (26.12.2022): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/5401.
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Summary After the restoration of state independence in Azerbaijan, within 20–25 years, a rich translation literature covering various types and genres of our national word art was created in English. At the same time, books and monographs, literary-critical and theoretical-scientific articles were written in English about Azerbaijani literature. Many of the publications in English were published in the USA, Great Britain and other foreign countries, and some of them were published in Baku. At that time, it was impossible to fully cover the translation literature created by translating from our mother tongue within the framework of one article. The translated works we reviewed show that our literary examples translated from our mother tongue into English have been successfully presented. However, each of the translations we talked about in the form of a summary deserves a wider analysis and study from the point of view of translation studies. The purpose of the article. It is a comprehensive study of the relations of Azerbaijani literature in the context of world literature. Methodology and methods used. The methodological basis of the article is based on historical-comparative, comparative-typological, analytical-critical methods of approach. In the context of Azerbaijani-Western scientific-aesthetic thought, as well as in the level of scientific-theoretical parallels of Azerbaijani-English relations in the medieval period and XIX– XX centuries, in 1991–2011, the translation of examples of modern Azerbaijani literature into English and the study of these works in English-language literary studies were dedicated. The main scientific innovation put forward. In the presented article, the author made innovations in the field of translation studies and scientific-theoretical aspects of the problems of studying Azerbaijani literature in the English-language literary studies of 1991–2011. Here, the materials have been filtered by literary and critical analysis, and the adequacy of the same theory of translation has been evaluated. The scientific novelty of the research was also developed by the analysis of the problems of studying Azerbaijani literature in Englishlanguage literary studies. The following result was obtained in the article: Summarizing our analysis and research on the subject, we come to the following conclusions. 1) There is a history of approximately four hundred years of translation of a number of examples of classical and modern Azerbaijani literature into English and studying them in English-language literary studies. 2) Many examples of Azerbaijani literature in different types and genres have been translated into English and published separately as books. So, a rich material has been created for the study and research of the translated literature of the mentioned period. 3) Classical Azerbaijani literature, at different stages of historical development, has more or less established relations with a number of Eastern and Western literatures through more translations. The research conducted on existing translations has led to further expansion of our relations. Classical masterpieces of Azerbaijani artistic thinking have been the focus of English literary thought for many centuries, and hundreds of our ancient historical manuscripts have become rare exhibits of individual libraries, scientific centers, and museums of Great Britain. There is no doubt that the works of our rich literary treasure – especially the works of Nizami, Nasimi, Fuzuli, Vagif, Akhundzade, Mirza Jalil, Sabir, Jabbarli, Vurgun, Anar, Elchin have created a high aesthetic appeal in English literary circles, have given impetus to the translation of their works into English and the study of their creativity in the international world.
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Gibbs, Tanya. "Seeking economic cyber security: a Middle Eastern example". Journal of Money Laundering Control 23, nr 2 (4.05.2020): 493–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-09-2019-0076.
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Purpose The transformation of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) into an important global economic player has been accompanied by digitalization that has also left it at a risk to cybercrime. Concurrent with the rise in technology use, the UAE fast became one of the most targeted countries in the world. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the UAE has tried to cope with accelerating levels of cyber threat using legislative and regulatory efforts as well as public- and private-sector initiatives meant to raise cybersecurity awareness. Design/methodology/approach The paper surveys the UAE’s cybersecurity legislative, regulatory and educational initiatives from 2003 to 2019. Findings Because the human factor still remains the number one reason for security breaches, robust cyber laws alone are not enough to protect against cyber threats. Building public awareness and educating internet users about cyber risks and safety have become essential components of the UAE's efforts in building a more secure cyber environment for the country. Research limitations/implications The paper relies on English-language translations of primary sources (laws) originally in Arabic, as well as English-language studies from local media. This should not be considered a problem, as English is established as the language of business and commerce in the UAE. Practical implications The paper provides a detailed overview of the country’s cybersecurity environment to guide and aide practitioners with risk assessment and legal and regulatory compliance. Originality/value The paper presents a comprehensive overview of the UAE’s cybersecurity legislative, regulatory and educational environment. It also surveys government and private sector initiatives directed in protecting the country’s cyberspace.
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Baloyan, Varduhi. "Translations of English Children’s Literature in the Armenian Periodicals in India". Translation Studies: Theory and Practice 2, nr 2 (4) (20.12.2022): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/tstp/2022.2.2.048.
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Translations had a significant role both in the popularization of Eastern Armenian and the establishment of literary and cultural ties between the Armenian community and the British. The purpose was to further the international outlook, understanding and emotional experience of foreign environments and cultures, on the one hand, next was to make more literature available to children and to contribute to the development of the readers’ set of values.
It should be noted that literary relations first of all contributed to the emergence of bilingual dictionaries. Shmavonian published an English-Armenian dictionary which was intended “for the entertainment of studious children” (Mkhitaryan 2016:81).
19th century was marked by social political changes and created conditions for the development of new Armenian literature which was so important for shaping the mind set and behavior of the Armenian children. Thus, Armenian translators translated literature in connection with social and economic forces.
The Armenian printing business in India operated for a century and published almost 200 books, booklets and more than ten periodicals. In this article some translations published in Azdarar (The Intelligencer, 1794, Madras), Azgaser (the Patriot, 1845, Calcutta), Azgaser Araratian (Patriot Araratian, 1848. Calcutta), and Hayeli Kalkatian (Mirror of Calcutta, 1820, Calcutta) are examined.
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Byrne, Aisling. "From Hólar to Lisbon: Middle English Literature in Medieval Translation, c.1286–c.1550". Review of English Studies 71, nr 300 (9.09.2019): 433–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/res/hgz085.
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Abstract This paper offers the first survey of evidence for the translation of Middle English literature beyond the English-speaking world in the medieval period. It identifies and discusses translations in five vernaculars: Welsh, Irish, Old Norse-Icelandic, Dutch, and Portuguese. The paper examines the contexts in which such translation took place and considers the role played by colonial, dynastic, trading, and ecclesiastical networks in the transmission of these works. It argues that English is in the curious position of being a vernacular with a reasonable international reach in translation, but often with relatively low literary and cultural prestige. It is evident that most texts translated from English in this period are works which themselves are based on sources in other languages, and it seems probable that English-language texts are often convenient intermediaries for courtly or devotional works more usually transmitted in French or Latin.
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Turk, Thomas N. "Search and Rescue: An Annotated Checklist of Translations of Gray's Elegy". Translation and Literature 22, nr 1 (marzec 2013): 45–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/tal.2013.0099.
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This is a checklist of the more than 260 known published translations of Gray's poem, without restriction as to language or period, with supplementary information on the trasnslators, where their work may be found, etc. Forty different languages are involved, with Latin (44 translations), French (39), and Italian (28) numerically leading the list. Known translations peak in the Romantic era and continue to the present day. It has been claimed that all English and American poets owe something to the Elegy, but it has also been a singular influence on other languages, especially Indian, Japanese, and the languages of Eastern Europe.
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Nurtdinova, Gulnara M., Svetlana S. Tahtarova i Elmira K. Khabibullina. "Heritage of Tatar Literature from the Aspect of Translation". Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices 18, nr 4 (14.12.2021): 442–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-897x-2021-18-4-442-450.
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The article presents the review of Tatar literature works and their translations into Russian and some other world languages. The Tatar literature has rich heritage, the first works of it (manuscripts) are dated back to the Middle Ages. The first printed works were published in the XVIII century as that time the Tatar language was the diplomatic language used in the communication between western and eastern countries. The time of XIX-XX centuries is considered to be the rise of the Tatar literature. Since that time the Tatar writers started writing their works in Russian that was caused by natural bilingualism established on the land of Tatarstan due to historical development. In the Soviet times the works of Tatar writers and poets written in Tatar were translated into Russian which is the intermediate language in the Russian Federation. After the collapse of the USSR Russia opened its boundaries and the number of translations of the Tatar writers works into Western and Eastern languages have been growing dramatically. Modern Tatar literature is continuing the traditions of the Tatar literature, the works of Tatar writers have been translating into foreign languages in order to present them to world community.
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Italia, Maddalena. "Eastern Poetry by Western Poets: Powys Mathers’ ‘Translations’ of Sanskrit Erotic Lyrics". Comparative Critical Studies 17, nr 2 (czerwiec 2020): 205–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2020.0359.
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This essay focuses on a pivotal (if understudied) moment in the history of the translation and reception of Sanskrit erotic poetry in the West – a moment which sees the percolation of this classical poetry from the scholarly sphere to that of non-specialist literature. I argue that a crucial agent in the dissemination and inclusion of Sanskrit erotic poems in the canon of Western lyric poetry was the English poet Edward Powys Mathers (1892–1939), a self-professed second-hand translator of ‘Eastern’ literature, as well as the author of original verses, which he smuggled as translations. Using Black Marigolds (a 1919 English version of the Caurapañcāśikā) as a case study, I show how Powys Mathers’ renderings – which combined the practices of second-hand and pseudo-translation – are intertextually dense poems. On the one hand, Black Marigolds shows in watermark the intermediary French translation; on the other, it functions as a hall of mirrors which reflects, magnifies and distorts the emotional and aesthetic dimensions of both the classical/Eastern and modern/Western literary world. What does the transformation of the Caurapañcāśikā into a successful piece of modern(ist) lyric poetry tell us about the relationship that Western readers wished (and often still wish) to have with ‘Eastern’ poetry? Furthermore, which conceptual tools can we mobilize to ‘make sense’ of these non-scholarly translations of classical Sanskrit poems and ‘take seriously’ their many layers of textual and contextual meaning?
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Smith, Ross. "J. R. R. Tolkien and the art of translating English into English". English Today 25, nr 3 (30.07.2009): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078409990216.
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ABSTRACTTranslation techniques favoured by Tolkien in rendering Beowulf and other medieval poetry into modern English. J. R. R. Tolkien was a prolific translator, although most of his translation work was not actually published during his lifetime, as occurred with the greater part of his fiction. He never did any serious translation from modern foreign languages into English, but rather devoted himself to the task of turning Old English and Middle English poetry into something that could be readily understood by speakers of the modern idiom. His largest and best-known published translation is of the anonymous 14th Century poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, which was published posthumously with two other translations from Middle English in the volume Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl and Sir Orfeo (Allen & Unwin 1975). The translation of Middle English texts constitutes the bulk of his output in this field, both in the above volume and in the fragments that appear in his lectures and essays. However, his heart really lay in the older, pre-Norman form of the language, and particularly in the greatest piece of literature to come down to us from the Old English period, the epic poem Beowulf.
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Solopova, Elizabeth. "From Bede to Wyclif: The Knowledge of Old English within the Context of Late Middle English Biblical Translation and Beyond". Review of English Studies 71, nr 302 (10.12.2019): 805–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/res/hgz134.
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Abstract The continuity between Old and Middle English periods has been a matter of interest and debate in the field of medieval studies. Though it is widely accepted that Old English texts continued to be copied and used in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the possibility that they were collected, read and studied, and influenced scholars and religious thinkers in late medieval England is often rejected as implausible. The reason most commonly given is the difficulty of understanding the Old English language in the late Middle Ages. The present article aims to reassess this view and re-examine evidence for the reading and use of Old English texts in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries with a primary focus on biblical translation. The article explores the possibility that Middle English glosses that occur in Old English sermon and biblical manuscripts reflect a scholarly interest in these texts, rather than a struggle to understand their language. The article also examines evidence that the translators of the Wycliffite Bible may have had some familiarity with Old English biblical translations, possibly as a result of study of biblical and sermon manuscripts.
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Jucker, Andreas H., i Annina Seiler. "Translating Middle English (Im)politeness: The Case of Geoffrey Chaucer’s Miller’s Tale". Chaucer Review 58, nr 1 (styczeń 2023): 35–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/chaucerrev.58.1.0035.
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ABSTRACT Some of the bawdy details of Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales continue to pose challenges to translators, who must find renderings that are both descriptively and stylistically adequate. The Miller’s Tale provides an illustrative case study, in which the drunken narrator describes Nicholas’s rather physical wooing of the carpenter’s wife Alisoun in graphic detail. Existing translations of the key term queynte range from the flowery euphemism to the straightforward vulgarism. An appropriate translation into present-day English needs to be based not only on sound philological analysis, but also on a careful evaluation of the register of the original Middle English expression. This article offers a corpus-based assessment of relevant candidate expressions in order to propose a translation that captures the appropriate level of (im)politeness, both of the narrator towards his fellow pilgrims and of Chaucer towards his readers.
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Hijjo, Nael F. M., i Harold M. Lesch. "Reframing the Islamic glossary in the English translations of the Arabic editorials". FORUM / Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 19, nr 2 (31.12.2021): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/forum.20019.hij.
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Abstract This paper investigated contemporary journalistic English translations of Arabic Islamic terms and concepts in light of the current civil wars in the Middle East and North Africa, and the war on terror as well as Islamophobia and the refugee crisis. It studied the critical role of translation agencies in reframing and renegotiating the Islamic glossary through their own lens, which may be ideologically positioned. The paper further examined the English translations of the Arabic Islamic terms and concepts in the target texts which were published by the Washington-based advocacy group the Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI). The data were collected manually from MEMRI’s online archive from the years 2013 to 2016. The data selection was based on a designed search that linked Daesh (ISIS) and any of its aliases with any of the Islamic terms and concepts which are repeatedly used in media narratives within the context of the ‘war on terror’ and ‘Islamic extremism’. The study employed Baker’s (2006) narrative-informed theory and Newmark’s (1988) translation procedures taxonomy to assist in the data analysis. The findings suggested that transference (transliteration) is a significant procedure used by MEMRI in justifying, legitimizing and normalizing particular narratives to the public and that translators are decisive participants in constituting and informing the social and political reality. The findings also demonstrated that narrativity features, relationality in particular, are significant tools in reconstructing reality in translation. Through translation, MEMRI draws upon the metanarrative of the ‘war on terror’ in promoting its ideologically laden agenda of terrorist Arabs and Muslims.
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Classen, Albrecht. "Global Middle Ages: Eastern Wisdom (Buddhistic) Teachings in Medieval European Literature. With a Focus on Barlaam and Josaphat". Humanities and Social Science Research 4, nr 2 (26.06.2021): p10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/hssr.v4n2p10.
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In contrast to many recent attempts to establish concepts and platforms to study global literature, and this also in the pre-modern world, this article claims to present much more concrete examples to confirm that a certain degree of globalism existed already in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. While numerous scholars/editors have simply invited many more voices from all over the world to the same ‘table,’ i.e., literary histories, which has not really provided more substance to the notion of ‘global,’ the study of translated texts, such as those dealing with Barlaam and Josaphat, clearly confirms that some core Indian ideas and values, as originally developed by Buddha, had migrated through many stages of translations, to high medieval literature in Europe.
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Abdullayeva, Nazokat Alloyorovna. "REFLECTIONS ON THE ANALYSIS OF SHAKESPEARE'S WORKS TRANSLATIONS IN UZBEKISTAN". Frontline Social Sciences and History Journal 4, nr 6 (1.06.2024): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/social-fsshj-04-06-04.
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The translation of renowned foreign literary works in our country, particularly those that have been translated successfully, has shown to be highly impactful, and this trend of progress persists. The translation of Shakespeare's works from both Russian and English had a distinct influence on Uzbek literature. Due to the translations, the Uzbek reader not only read Shakespeare's works in Uzbek, but also enjoyed watching them being performed on the Uzbek stage. This experience had a significant psychological and emotional impact on the reader, as they deeply absorbed the writer's humane and educational ideas that are characteristic of the works from the Western countries during the Middle Ages. The Uzbek people greatly appreciated and profited from the exceptional efforts of the dedicated practitioners of oratory, translation, and theater.
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Lappo-Danilevskii, Konstantin Yu. "N. M. Karamzin’s Literary Transfer". Slovene 10, nr 2 (2021): 353–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2021.10.2.15.
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[Rev. of: Kafanova O. B., Perevody N. M. Karamzina kak kul’turnyi universum. St. Petersburg: Aleteiia, 2020. 356 p. (in Russian)] O. B. Kafanova’s monograph «N. M. Karamzin’s translations as a cultural universe» (2020) is the result of many years of comparative studies. Numerous articles on the topic preceded this book, which covers the period from 1783 to 1800. In the beginning Karamzin had good knowledge of French and German only so that he used numerous intermediaries in these languages to acquaint the Russian audience with world literature (ancient and eastern poetry, dramas of Shakespeare, Ossian etc.). Only in the final decade of the eighteenth century did Karamzin begin to draw on texts in English and Italian for these purposes. Among other things, the review establishes some previously unknown sources of Karamzin’s translations. V. I. Simankov’s supplemental list pursues the same objective.
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Mánek, Bohuslav. "Domestikace v překladech z anglické literatury v českém národním obrození". AUC PHILOLOGICA 2023, nr 2 (30.05.2024): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/24646830.2023.21.
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The paper surveys domestication, one of the characteristic features of a number of translations in the early period of the Czech National Revival in the first decades of the nineteenth century. At that time, translations played a role of enormous cultural significance in the development of Czech literature, making up for as yet unrepresented genres and providing models to enrich the corpus. A particular set of circumstances developed due to the social and political conditions of the Czech nation: after a period of gradual decline of the Czech language following the Thirty Years’ War, the Czech language was gradually regaining the status of a language of literature and science. From the twenties onwards the rising middle-class reading public demanded entertaining belles-lettres in Czech. Many of these translations were freely adapted mainly from contemporary popular German prose without crediting the original author and at times even plagiarized, as the writer Karolina Světlá, well-read in both literatures, later recorded in her memoirs. This paper presents two typical examples of localization of English pieces of literature. In his translation of Thomas Gray’s An Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, Josef Jungmann replaced the English historical figures (Hampden, Milton and Cromwell) with Czech ones (Thurn, Rokycana and Žižka), while Jan Kaška replaced the London characters and setting with Prague in his translation of a piece from Charles Dickens’s Sketches by Boz. These examples show how domesticated poems and tales typically preserved the original plot with localized characters and setting. At present we can see an increase in scholarly research of the original and translated literature of the period.
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Pogačar, Timothy. "Osebna imena v angleških literarnih prevodih iz češčine in islandščine". STRIDON: Journal of Studies in Translation and Interpreting 4, nr 1 (28.06.2024): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/stridon.4.1.5-23.
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This article presents a select survey of the rendering of personal names in translation into English from European languages with different scripts from the turn of the twentieth century to the early twenty-first century. Works of prose fiction were chosen from Czech and Icelandic, which use characters that are not part of the English alphabet. Their original publication dates are from the middle of the nineteenth to the late twentieth century, with translations trailing by years or even decades. The authors of the original works were very well known and in some cases Nobel Prize laureates. This gives assurance that their works attracted good translators and, in some cases, multiple translators. The hypothesis was that over the course of more than a century, there has been a growing tendency to respect the original spellings of personal names in translations – that is, to employ the source language’s script, even when the literary works belong to relatively peripheral European cultures. The explanations for this include increased cultural contacts, the expansion of what has traditionally been called world literature, and internet resources.
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Bubb, Alexander. "The Race for Hafiz: Scholarly and Popular Translations at the Fin de Siècle". Comparative Critical Studies 17, nr 2 (czerwiec 2020): 225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2020.0360.
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The great Persian lyric poet Hafiz was first translated into English by Sir William Jones in the 1780s. In the course of the nineteenth century many further translations would appear, initially intended for the use of oriental scholars and students of the Persian language, but increasingly also for the general reading public. The paraphrasers or ‘popularizers’ who devised the latter category of translation competed with professional scholars to shape the dissemination and popular perception of Persian poetry. Owing to a variety of factors, the middle of the nineteenth century saw a marked decline in the number of new Hafiz translations, and it is not until 1891 that a complete edition of Hafiz's works finally appeared in English. This led to an unusual situation, particular to Britain, in which scholars (Edward H. Palmer, Henry Wilberforce-Clarke, Gertrude Bell), and popularizers (Richard Burton, Herman Bicknell, Justin McCarthy, Richard Le Gallienne, John Payne) all jostled to fill the vacuum created by the absence of a definitive version. Their competition created, in short order, a diversity of versions presented to consumers, which allowed Hafiz's influence to be felt in twentieth-century poetry untrammelled by the impress (as became the case with Omar Khayyam) of one dominant translator. While the refraction of Hafiz through the biases and predispositions of multiple translators has been regarded as hopelessly distorting by Julie Scott Meisami, I argue instead that it highlights lyric, in the richness and diversity characteristic of Hafiz, as the Persian poetic mode which has been more influential on English writing and yet the most difficult to categorize and integrate. Lastly, by paying heed to the popular transmission of Hafiz in English, we might better understand the reception of Persian poetry in its generic, rather than only its formal character.
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O'Donnell, Kathleen Ann. "Translations of Ossian, Thomas Moore and the Gothic by 19th Century European Radical Intellectuals: The Democratic Eastern Federation". Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature 43, nr 4 (30.12.2019): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/lsmll.2019.43.4.89-104.
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<p>This article will show how translated works by European radical writers of <em>The Poems of Ossian</em> by the Scot James Macpherson and <em>Irish Melodies</em> and other works by the Irishman Thomas Moore, were disseminated. Moore prefaced <em>Irish Melodies</em> with “In Imitation of Ossian”. It will also demonstrate how Celtic literature, written in English, influenced the Gothic genre. The propagation of these works was also disseminated in order to implement democratic federalism, without monarchy; one example is the Democratic Eastern Federation, founded in Athens and Bucharest. To what extent did translations and imitations by Russian and Polish revolutionary intellectuals of Celtic literature and the Gothic influence Balkan revolutionary men of letters?</p>
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Dowlaszewicz, Małgorzata. "In How Far is Elckerlijc Dutch? References to the Dutch Origin in the Polish Reception of the Middle Dutch Text". Werkwinkel 11, nr 2 (1.11.2016): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/werk-2016-0012.
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Abstract The sixteenth-century morality play Elckerlijc is one of the few texts mentioned in almost all Dutch canon lists. It is no surprise that this is one of the few medieval Dutch texts transferred into different languages and cultures. There are two Polish texts based on it, the first from 1921 by Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz (Kwidam), the second from 1933 by Stanisław Helsztyński (Każdy (Everyman): średniowieczny moralitet angielski). The text was though never directly translated into Polish from Dutch. The main issue is whether these translations have influenced the image of Dutch literature in Poland. It appears that secondary literature has seen the plays of Iwaszkiewicz and Helsztyński only as transfer of German or English literature and ideas and that it is rarely known that the original story originates from the Netherlands.
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Ponirakis, Eleni. "Echoes of Eriugena in the Old English Boethius". Neophilologus 105, nr 2 (23.02.2021): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11061-021-09674-w.
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AbstractThis article identifies a passage from Eriugena’s Periphyseon as a source for an interpolation in the Old English Boethius. The interpolation introduces an unambiguous reference to the Neoplatonic idea of reditus, the return of all created creatures to God. This is not the first such evidence of Neoplatonic ideas in Old English texts and the article explores the significance of this new identification as further evidence for the presence of eastern mystical traditions in early English monastic and courtly circles, challenging the idea that English mysticism began in the Middle English period.
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Napu, Novriyanto. "Linguistic landscapes in multilingual urban settings: Insights from translation perspectives". Studies in English Language and Education 11, nr 1 (31.01.2024): 530–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/siele.v11i1.29559.
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A multilingual urban area is a translation space that allows the exchange of ideas across languages and cultures. Yet, little research has examined how translation plays a role in shaping linguistic landscapes that depict coexisting languages in public spaces. This paper aims to examine the linguistic landscape of public signage from the viewpoint of translation. A total of 123 bilingual signage was collected from the linguistic landscape of Gorontalo City, an emerging tourism industry with an interesting multilingual setting in Eastern Indonesia. The data were analyzed using the translation category of multilingual writing developed by Reh (2004) and Edelman (2010) to provide an understanding of the translational practice evident in the signage. The analysis also looked at the direction of the translated signage, including official and non-official translation based on the linguistic landscape orientation (top-down and bottom-up), as well as translation to demonstrate collective identity. Translation practices, categorized into word-for-word (67 items), free (8 items), partial (11 items), and non-translation (37 items), demonstrate a growing trend toward linguistic diversity. The top-down approach is evident in official translations (50 items) by government entities, while non-official translations (73 items) dominate commercial spaces. Arabic, displayed alongside Indonesian and English, symbolizes religious identity in public signage. Overall, Gorontalo’s linguistic landscape reflects a shift to bilingualism, particularly with widespread English translations. Its linguistic landscape showcases a dynamic interplay of language, translation, and cultural identity in an evolving urban environment.
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Gillhammer, Cosima Clara. "Non-Wycliffite Bible Translation in Oxford, Trinity College, 29 and Universal History Writing in Late Medieval England". Anglia 138, nr 4 (11.11.2020): 649–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ang-2020-0052.
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AbstractThe late-fifteenth-century Middle English manuscript Oxford, Trinity College, 29 contains a universal history of the world, compiled from diverse religious and secular source texts and written by a single compiler-scribe. A great part of the text is focused on Old Testament history and uses the Vulgate as a key source, thus offering an opportunity to examine in detail the compiler’s strategies of translating the text of the Bible into the vernacular. The Bible translations in this manuscript are unconnected to the Wycliffite translations, and are non-reformist in their interpretative framework, implications, and use. This evidence is of particular interest as an example of the range of approaches to biblical translation and scholarship in the vernacular found in late medieval English texts, despite the restrictive legislation concerning Bible translation in fifteenth-century England. The strategies of translating the biblical text found in this manuscript include close word-by-word translation (seemingly unencumbered by anxieties about censorship), as well as other modes of interaction, such as summary, and exegesis. This article situates these modes of engagement with the Bible within a wider European textual tradition of including biblical material in universal history writing.
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Farmer, Thomas. "Matei Cazacu, Dracula. Ed. Stephen W. Reinert, trans. Nicole Mordarski et al. East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450–1450, 46. Leiden: Brill, 2017, pp. xxxiii, 457, 27 illus." Mediaevistik 31, nr 1 (1.01.2018): 438–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med012018_438.
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The name Vlad III Ţepeş may be unfamiliar to the public, but Dracula certainly is not; the latter conjures up a host of images from popular culture, most of which have only a tenuous connection to the former. Yet Dracula was an actual historical figure, and Matei Cazacu’s biography reveals that his life and reign are worthy of study in their own right. Having originally appeared in French in 2004, it has now been translated into English by Nicole Mordarski, a student of Stephen Reinert at Rutgers. As Reinert explains in his introduction, Mordarski translated Cazacu’s French narrative (with assistance), while he handled translations of the quotations from their original languages into English and updated the bibliography. The result is a godsend for Anglophone readers, who now have access to a thorough, scholarly account of the Impaler’s life and times.
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Hayik, Rawia. "Addressing Religious Diversity through Children’s Literature: An “English as a Foreign Language” Classroom in Israel". International Journal of Multicultural Education 17, nr 2 (28.06.2015): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18251/ijme.v17i2.911.
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Conflicts between different religious groups occasionally arise in my Christian and Muslim Israeli-Arab EFL students’ school and area. In an attempt to increase students’ knowledge of and respect for other faiths in the region, I conducted practitioner inquiry research in my religiously diverse Middle-Eastern classroom. Grounded in critical literacy, I used a book set of religion-based literature alongside critical literacy engagements to effect some change in students’ tolerance towards other faiths. This article describes my journey of exploring students’ reader responses to religion-based texts and issues.
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Haider, Ahmad S., Omair Alzghoul i Yousef Hamdan. "Creating and Experimenting a New Parallel Corpus of English-Arabic Subtitles of Culinary Shows: A Useful Guide for Translating Food Across Cultures". World Journal of English Language 13, nr 8 (5.10.2023): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n8p358.
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This study presents and experiments a new English-Arabic corpus of food shows subtitles. It describes the data selection and extraction methods and suggests potential applications for the compiled corpus. It follows a corpus-driven approach to examine the strategies used to subtitle food-related terminology. The current study uses a new 259,956-word English-Arabic parallel corpus of some food shows, namely Nadiya Bakes, Nadiya Time to Eat, Somebody Feed Phil 1, and Somebody Feed Phil 2. The findings showed that Western culinary traditions, characterized by their accessibility and familiarity, exhibit a more seamless integration into the culinary vocabulary of Arabic. At the same time, the assimilation of Eastern gastronomies, renowned for their regional nuances and intricate flavors, appears to be comparatively less direct. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that Arabic, to a lesser degree, incorporates loanwords from a range of Eastern culinary traditions. The current piece of research provides some implications and recommendations for translators when handling culture-bound expressions, specifically food expressions. The practitioners are compelled to navigate a delicate equilibrium between applying loan translations and identifying fitting Arabic counterparts while considering the imperative factors of cultural sensitivity, intricate linguistic nuances, and contextual appropriateness.
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Atkins, Christopher S. "Rethinking John 1:1". Novum Testamentum 63, nr 1 (18.12.2020): 44–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685365-12341691.
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Abstract The presence of wisdom “with” God at or before creation is well attested in Jewish sapiential traditions. Given the widespread recognition that the logos of John’s prologue corresponds with sophia in such traditions, it has become natural to read John 1:1b as virtually all English translations do—that is, as “and the word was with God.” Through comparative analysis of the role of divine intermediary figures in Middle-Platonism and Philo of Alexandria, this article argues against the majority interpretation by providing new arguments and a new conceptual framework for the reading, “and the Word was Godward.”
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Burke, Linda. "Alfred Thomas, Reading Women in Late Medieval Europe: Anne of Bohemia and Chaucer’s Female Audience. The New Middle Ages. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, 251 pp." Mediaevistik 31, nr 1 (1.01.2018): 484–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med012018_484.
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Scholarly neglect of the English Queen Anne of Bohemia (1366–1394) has persisted as an island of unchallenged sexism and Anglophone provincialism almost up to the present day. Fortunately, this lacune has been addressed in recent years, especially by Thomas’s own Anne’s Bohemia: Czech Literature and Society, 1310–1420 (1998). His Reading Women is a rich and compelling addition to the author’s earlier work on the pan-European culture of Bohemia, especially as popularized in England by Richard II’s Queen Anne. It aims to provide an essential context for the works of Chaucer by elucidating Anne as educated reader and literary patron, in short, “the ideal embodiment of the European cosmopolitanism he wished to emulate” (10). Supporting this aim, as a tremendous value-added to the chapters of textual analysis, Thomas intercalates English translations of medieval works in Czech—such as the Life of St. Catherine and the satirical Wycliffite Woman—that may be otherwise difficult to access. These are presented as analogues, not necessarily sources, for their English counterparts.
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Tomczewska-Popowycz, Natalia. "On the Definition of Sentimental and Ethnic Tourism". Folia Turistica 40 (30.09.2016): 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.4018.
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Purpose. The purpose of the study is to explore the challenges of defining what is commonly known as “ethnic tourism” or “sentimental tourism”. Provided here is a review, comparison, integration and systematization of the definitions of the phenomenon, its facets and characteristics. In particular, such variations as “nostalgic tourism”, “diaspora tourism”, “roots tourism”, “genealogy tourism” and others, are subjected tocomparative analysis. Based on the review, typology and hierarchy of the definitions are offered. Method. The study is based on a systemic literature review, and qualitative and frequency analysis of the definitions of the phenomenon. The literature search was not limited to publications by Polish authors, but included relevant literature on the topic in Ukrainian, Russian and English languages. The author is a native-speaker of Ukrainian and Russian, which is why the author presents his own translations of definitions in the article, while the translations from English language were consulted with other native-speakers. The systemic trends in the focus and content of definitions were analyzed with respect to temporal (changes over time) and geographical (regional differences) variation. Findings. The result is a division of the definitions, rankings based on their popularity, and a description of the trends in various locations and at different periods. Important nuanced differences in the definitions are pointed out to more precisely describe different facets of the phenomenon. Research limitations and conclusions. The study is mainly focused on the papers of Eastern European authors with reference to English-language literature. Practical implications. Sentimental tourism is a growing phenomenon. Due to the early fragmentation of literature, a wide range of definitions has been introduced leading to confusion and the improper use of terms. As a result, conduting searches, linking studies and analyzing the literature has become very difficult. The present study brings order to the field, thereby providing a solid foundation for integrating and systemizing the literature. A division of the definitions and a clear differentiation of their nuanced meanings will aid future researchers in more precisely defining the phenomena and consolidating the literature. Originality. Despite the existence of a large body of research on what is known as sentimental tourism, the present study is the first attempt to introduce clarity to the fragmented and conflicting definitions of the phenomenon. Type of paper. Integrative literature review involving conceptual and quantitative analysis.
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Yujie, Li, i Wang Feng. "On the English Translation of Li Qingzhao’s Ci-poems--A Contrastive Study on the Translations of the Ci-Poem “To the Tune of Tipsy in Flower Shade”". English Literature and Language Review, nr 55 (15.05.2019): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ellr.55.64.70.
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Li Qingzhao (1084-ca. 1155?) is widely lauded as the most celebrated and talented woman poet in the history of classical Chinese literature. This study, with the theoretical guidance of Dr. Wang Feng’s “Harmony-Guided Three-Level Poetry Translation Criteria”, focuses on a comparative analysis of the collected renditions of the ci-poem “to the tune of Tipsy in Flower Shade” at the macro, middle and micro levels, to further promote the translation and communication of classical Chinese literature. This study aims to exert far-reaching influences on the process of Chinese literature going global, which has unprecedented contemporary significance.
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Hammad, Sama S., i Diane C. Berry. "The Child Obesity Epidemic in Saudi Arabia: A Review of the Literature". Journal of Transcultural Nursing 28, nr 5 (21.09.2016): 505–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043659616668398.
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Purpose: To examine prevalence, nutrition and activity, and overweight and obesity prevention and management in Saudi Arabia. Design: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis criteria, PubMed, Web of Science, PyschINFO, Global Health, Family Studies Worldwide, Middle Eastern Studies, and Sociological Abstracts was searched from January 1, 2003 to January 31, 2016. Inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed articles published in Arabic and English that focused on prevalence, overweight or obesity in children 2 to 20 years of age, body mass index percentile, and interventions. Findings: Three themes were identified: epidemiological features, where the eastern region had the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity, risk factors, which included higher parental education, and lifestyle factors, which included increased consumption of calorie-dense food and a sedentary lifestyle. Conclusion: Childhood obesity is increasing in Saudi Arabia at an alarming rate. Implications for Practice: Practitioners need to consider the cultural influences of the increasing obesity epidemic in Saudi Arabia.
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Simone, Michael R. "A “Chariot of Fire” in Amos 7:4: A Text Critical Solution for qōrē’ lārīb bā’ēš". Vetus Testamentum 66, nr 3 (21.06.2016): 456–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685330-12341242.
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mt Amos 7:4 has a number of difficulties, one of which is the phrase qōrē’ lārīb bā’ēš. Although all ancient versions agree in some way with the Hebrew, differences among them reveal the difficulty that ancient scholars encountered when interpreting the phrase. The difficult Hebrew and the multiple ancient versions together have led many modern scholars to attempt an emendation. The textual corrections suggested by Hendrik Elhorst and Delbert Hillers appear in important English biblical translations, but both are problematic. This study suggests the emendation qōrē’ lǝrekeb ’ēš as a solution to the crux. The initial error was caused by misdivision of words coupled with bet-kaf confusion. Unlike the other suggestions, this correction has three strengths to recommend it: the error was simple, the corrected words appear elsewhere in Hebrew, and the image of a fiery divine chariot has counterparts in cognate ancient Near Eastern literature.
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Kahl, Oliver. "On the Transmission of Indian Medical Texts to the Arabs in the Early Middle Ages". Arabica 66, nr 1-2 (11.03.2019): 82–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341508.
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Abstract The transmission of Indian scientific and, notably, medical texts to the Arabs during the heyday of the Abbasid caliphate in Baghdad (ca 158/775-205/820) is still largely shrouded in myth; its investigation continues to be hampered not only by serious methodological problems but also by a lack of philological groundwork and a shortage of trained researchers. This article, which in essence is meant to serve as a rough guide into one prospective field of “Indo-Arabic” studies, focuses on a badly neglected though highly promising cluster of texts, namely those that relate to the translation and adaptation of certain Ayurvedic key works from Sanskrit into Arabic. A general assessment of the current state of research, of the factors that condition our knowledge and of the obstacles and limitations posed by the very nature of the subject, is followed by a bio-bibliographical survey of Ayurvedic texts which were subject to transmission; the article is rounded off by six Sanskrit-into-Arabic text samples, with English translations for both.
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Zakharia, Katia. "Eastern Luminaries Disclosed to Western Eyes: A Critical Evaluation of the Translations of the Mu‘allaqat into English and French (1782-2000)". Arabica 56, nr 1 (2009): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157005809x398717.
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N. Khreisat, Mohammad. "English Language Learning Strategies during COVID-19 in the Middle East: A Systematic Review". Arab World English Journal 13, nr 1 (24.03.2022): 56–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol13no1.4.
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The recent pandemic has forced the educational sector to unwillingly reform its strategies by compelling it to embrace technology as the savior of the educational process. COVID-19 has adversely affected this sector by forcing a halt to all face-to-face learning in educational institutes, which led to dependence solely on online education and adopting strategies fit solely to distant learning. Thus, this paper has focused on the English language learning strategies adopted during Covid-19. Moreover, this research aims to provide the latest information about online teaching strategies adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic by English language instructors in Asia, especially in Middle Eastern countries. This study is qualitative in nature and utilizes the systematic literature review approach. The data for this research was gathered from renowned databases to maintain reliability. The results highlighted that among many strategies, three are most important in teaching the English language during COVID-19, first is collaborative learning (i.e., breakout classes, cloud-based collaboration), the second is flipped classroom, and the final is scaffolding. In the end, the study concluded with the recommendation as the findings of this research can help policymakers and educationists in developing effective or efficient strategies for tackling tough situations or pandemics.
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Zhang, Tingting. "Chiński przekład "Pana Tadeusza". Historia, fenomen, problemy i inspiracje". Bibliotekarz Podlaski Ogólnopolskie Naukowe Pismo Bibliotekoznawcze i Bibliologiczne 55, nr 2 (4.11.2022): 235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36770/bp.703.
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The aim of this paper is to describe the reception of the literature of Polish Romanticism in China, as well as its long and winding road to the Middle Kingdom. The article addresses the ideological beginnings of the existence of Adam Mickiewicz’s works in the consciousness of Chinese people. The author analyses two translations of Pan Tadeusz into Chinese, made during the first half of the 20th century. Information about Polish Romanticism and the works of its most eminent representatives reached China at a very crucial historical moment for the Middle Kingdom, almost immediately arousing the interest of the elites. However, the same historical causes that triggered the fascination with the works of the Polish Romanticists also led to a distortion and ideologization of its reception, which persisted until 1955, when the first translation of Pan Tadeusz appeared in Chinese. However, that translation was made from English and written in prose. This changed at the end of the 20th century, when a second translation of the poem, written in verse, appeared. Despite the passage of time and the efforts of translators, the reception of the literature of Polish Romanticism and the knowledge of Adam Mickiewicz's biography is still incomplete. On the other hand, this can be an impulse for further research in translation and literary studies.
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Özel Volfová, Gabriela. "Turkey’s Middle Eastern Endeavors: Discourses and Practices of Neo-Ottomanism under the AKP". Die Welt des Islams 56, nr 3-4 (28.11.2016): 489–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700607-05634p10.
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The aim of this research paper is to explain the concept of neo-Ottomanism as a Turkish foreign policy doctrine, as it was formulated by the ruling Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP). The paper follows two distinct yet interrelated themes. First, it explains how the neo-Ottoman discourse used by AKP today differs from the civic proto-nationalist discourse of Ottomanism developed by political reformers around 1839–1908, in order to construct an overarching identity formula for the multi-confessional and multi-ethnic Empire which sensed its demise. Second, it discusses the current understanding of neo-Ottomanism in relation to economic, political and cultural interests that the AKP pursues in the Middle East. The argument is that today’s AKP’s interpretation of the Ottoman past as a justification for its growing political, economic and cultural presence in the region is very selective and makes a radical departure from the original 19th century concept. Besides these key analytical concerns, the paper also addresses major changes in Turkish foreign policy, between 2002 and 2013, as well as relevant political transformations in the region. The empirical material consists of documents in both Turkish and English in the form of press releases and public statements of key AKP representatives available online from newspapers, think-tanks, the Republic of Turkey’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Presidency of the Republic of Turkey and AKP websites.
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Nayak, Chetan S., i Glenn Isaacson. "Worldwide Distribution of Waardenburg Syndrome". Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 112, nr 9 (wrzesień 2003): 817–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940311200913.
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To clarify the multiracial occurrence of Waardenburg syndrome, we present a case series and literature review. A computerized review of the English-language literature was conducted to assess the distribution of reported occurrences of Waardenburg syndrome in populations around the world. We detail the clinical features of 2 family cohorts: one of Western European origin and the other from South Asia. A computerized literature review found sporadic cases of the syndrome in many ethnic groups, including Japanese, Taiwanese, and Middle Eastern families. The highest reported incidence is among Kenyan Africans. Waardenburg syndrome accounts for between 2% and 5% of cases of congenital deafness. It was first described in Northern European cohorts and is widely identified in fair-skinned populations. We hope to raise awareness of the worldwide distribution of this important cause of hearing loss.
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Dhahir, Thamer Abdulkareem. "Einfluss des Nahen Ostens auf die deutsche Literatur". JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES 5, nr 1 (23.01.2022): 294–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jls.5.1.22.
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The purpose of this research is to show how the oriental nation affected the German literature as it affected other nation's culture and literature. In these pages we can see how the conflict was and what the current position is the opinion of European most great German authors such as Harder and Goethe, which distinguish Arabic oriental literary life from the west part of the glop where armies vividly occupied eastern Arabic lands through their power the Arabs got rid of the Superficiality and looked deeper into their own identification. German writers tried to reach the essence of Islamic civilization as well as the essence of Arabic poetry and the religious spirit in the East literature on the contrary of the German literature also religious translations that attracted the attention of writers in Germany. Eastern equestrian spirit which influencing Arab poetry, the poetry in Europe became an essential part of chivalrous life. Fairy tales like One Thousand and One Nights, Tragedy of AL Mansour also and mix of the two techniques, the oriental traditional East and the non-traditional European, Goethe believes that Arab literature reached a peak in the Middle Ages that only Greek and Roman literature reached before them, our research contains The opinion of a German translator Stefan Weidner who said that since the 1970s, we can note that Germany has become an increasingly attractive target for Arab immigrants so we see our honorable great writers whom affected the German literary life from Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria and Palestine. Many of them preferred permanent residency in Germany, chose to contribute to German and Arab cultural life, and in many cases, played the role of mediator between the two cultures.
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AlShalan, Amjad. "Shakespeare’s Othello and Colour-Blindness among Saudi Readers". English: Journal of the English Association 70, nr 271 (1.12.2021): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/english/efab027.
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Abstract This article discusses the perception of race among Middle Eastern readers, especially Saudi students, who are studying English literature, with focus on Shakespeare’s Othello, to demonstrate the complexity of perceiving race among Saudi readers by linking it to the concept of ‘colour-blindness’. The article highlights the importance of acknowledging one’s own identity in relation to teaching and reading literature, since interpreting the text is based on the position the reader holds in relation to the narrative in front of him/her, and the apprehension of the cultural context of the text. Shakespeare’s Othello is a work that poses an interesting challenge to Saudi students since they do not realise the linguistic cues used by Shakespeare to denote the racial inequality the protagonist of the play is facing. Such phenomenon is explored in the article as an example of colour-blindness as their initial reading of the text did not count for Othello’s position in the play as a ‘person of colour’. The concept of decolonization is explored through how, after focusing on the element of race, Saudi students became acutely aware of their position as a reader of an English literary text that is part of a different culture than theirs.
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Pakhsarian, N. T. "THE PLEASURE OF FEAR: PARADOXES OF GOTHIC POETICS IN THE FRENCH “BLACK NOVELS” OF THE 1790 S". Lomonosov Journal of Philology, nr 3, 2024 (17.06.2024): 182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0130-0075-9-2024-47-03-14.
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In the process of the formation of the “black novel” poetics in French literature at the turn of the 18th–19th centuries, along with its Baroque and sentimentalist origins, both translations of English Gothic novels and various stylizations for them play a significant role. The appeal of describing novelistic “horrors” determines their growing popularity among readers. Paradoxically, it turns out that parodies of such works arise almost immediately — both in England and in France, testifying more to the viability of this genre than to its decline. Unlike the English Gothic plots, which involve mandatory departure to the Middle Ages and other countries, in France, the plot of such novels can also become post-revolutionary modernity. One of the first parodies of the “horror novel”, English Night by Bellen de la Liborliere, is a kind of medley of borrowings from various Gothic works, the reading of which brings pleasure to the main character, who became rich on the confiscation of the property of aristocratic emigrants, bourgeois Dabo, and becomes a means of obtaining from him consent to the marriage of his son Roger with his beloved noblewoman Ursula. The play of imagination, the concentration of romantic cliches, the psychologization of Gothic fears becomes a way of combining the ridiculous and the frightening in the poetics of the “black novel”.
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Komorowski, Jaroslaw. "Shakespeare and the Birth of Polish Romanticism: Vilna 1786–1846". Theatre Research International 21, nr 2 (1996): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300014723.
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The first phase of a long and complex process of the Polish reception of William Shakespeare's oeuvre ended in the middle of the nineteenth century with the popularization of new translations and the gradual elimination of French and German classicist adaptations. Vilna, vital centre of Polish culture, science and art, was the birthplace of Polish Romanticism and a hotbed of theatrical innovation. Vilna was also, at the turn of the eighteenth century, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and one of the major cities of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The school stage of Vilna Academy, established by Stefan Batory in 1578, had been active since 1582. In 1639, English actors belonging to Robert Archer's company may have visited the town; though the performances planned by King Wladyslaw IV did not take place. A permanent professional theatre was opened in 1785, when Wojciech Boguslawski, the greatest personality of the theatre of the Polish Enlightenment, came up from Warsaw with his troupe.
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Dolgorukova, Natalya M., Darya A. Strizhkova i Kseniya V. Babenko. "What does wafna mean? Towards the reception of a medieval Latin song, “Ego sum abbas Cucaniensis…”, in English-language literature". Shagi / Steps 10, nr 2 (2024): 256–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2412-9410-2024-10-2-256-267.
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Our article is devoted to a detailed historical, linguistic, and cultural commentary and a new Russian translation of the song “Ego sum abbas Cucaniensis” from Carmina Burana, a LatinGerman manuscript written in the first quarter of the 13th century. Our research presents an analysis of the topoi and allusions to sacred texts found in this drinking song; it also explores the context of its creation. This song provides the first mention of the fabulous and paradisiacal land of Cockaigne, an imaginary place of extreme luxury and ease where physical comforts and pleasures are always immediately at hand. In the song the abbot wins a gambling game, and the loser exclaims wafna. The word wafna is a hapax, probably of a German origin, and, according to different scholars and medievalists, it may have different meanings. Due to this mysterious exclamation, “Ego sum abbas Cucaniensis” is frequently reflected in English literature: in the 20th and 21st centuries different authors belonging to “popular” and “high” culture have used this word in their texts. However, in their works the word wafna did not fully correlate with its original meaning, but instead, due to its unique use in the above context, became a kind of marker of “goliardic” themes (primarily in connection with gambling and alcohol). There are several reasons for this. To begin with, the song’s popularity in the English-speaking environment (while apparently not being widely disseminated in the Middle Ages) is explained by the fact that it was among the first translations of poems from Carmina Burana into English by J. A. Symonds in 1884; later, in 1935–1936, it was included in Carl Orff’s cantata by the same name, texts from which were subsequently often read in schools and universities in Latin classes. Moreover, Symonds leaves the word wafna untranslated, which encourages readers to seek their own interpretations and create their own associations, just as English-language writers of subsequent eras continue to do.
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Alghamdi, Sara. "Oral Facial Manifestations of Sanjad–Sakati Syndrome: A Literature Review". Children 9, nr 4 (22.03.2022): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9040448.
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Aim: To perform a comprehensive review of orofacial manifestations of Sanjad–Sakati syndrome (SSS). Methods: A comprehensive electronic literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane library databases. The search keywords included were “Sanjad–Sakati syndrome (SSS)”, “dental manifestations”, “dental management”, “oral health”, “dental care for patients with SSS”, “dental health of people with SSS”, “caries”, and “oral hygiene”. The inclusion criteria were papers published only in English, papers published by August 2021, and papers discussing orofacial manifestations of SSS and language. Results: The search of the databases retrieved eleven case reports and three case series studies. Overall, 56 cases (11 case reports and 3 case series studies) were reported on Sanjad–Sakati syndrome in the published literature. The majority of the reports are from the Middle Eastern region. Conclusions: The reported orofacial manifestations of SSS include beaked nose, depressed nasal bridge, enamel hypoplasia, hypodontia, low-set ears, posteriorly rotated ears, deep-set eyes, microcephaly, microdontia, micrognathia, prominent forehead, retrognathia, and thin lips. The review paper also establishes the importance of the dental under general anesthesia in SSS individuals.
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Antonov, Nikolay K. "A review of research literature on the topic of the priesthood in the works of st. Gregory the Theologian". Issues of Theology 3, nr 2 (2021): 177–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu28.2021.204.
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The article examines the tradition of research on the topic of the priesthood in the legacy of St. Gregory the Theologian from the 19th century to 2020. The review includes general monographs on both the formation of the episcopate in Late Antiquity and specifically the legacy of Nazianzen, dissertations, publications in periodicals, dictionaries and encyclopedias on this topic, as well as on a wide range of related topics, key publications and translations of the Apology on his Flight — St. Gregory’s central text on the priesthood — in English, Russian, German, French and Italian. The following periodization of historiography is proposed: the early period (19th — middle of 20th centuries), theological studies of the Apology in the 50s–70s, studies and publications by J.Bernardi, the “new wave” of the 1990s and its development in the 21st century. In the last period, three main trends are identified: the Theologian’s texts on the priesthood are considered in the context of: the development of the image of a monk-bishop in Late Antiquity; platonic political philosophy; Gregory’s main theological concepts. The importance of research on other aspects of Gregory’s work is shown especially the categories θεωρία/πρᾶξις and his autobiographical texts. Two lines of further research are proposed as the most promising: intertextual analysis of the Apology and integral analysis of the entire legacy of St. Gregory through the prism of the priesthood theme.
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Bailey, Miranda, Megan Gibbs, Nidhi Dani, Ari Mendell i Melissa Thompson. "Burden of Illness of Sickle Cell Disease in Countries of the Middle East: A Systematic Literature Review". Blood 134, Supplement_1 (13.11.2019): 5867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-131699.
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Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of hereditary hemolytic disorders characterized by abnormal hemoglobin molecules that distort red blood cells (RBCs) into a rigid, sickle-like shape. The global burden of SCD is substantial. In North America and Europe, the incidence and prevalence of SCD range from approximately 0.00008% to 0.274% and 0.01% to 0.05%, respectively. In these regions, the median age at death for patients with the disease ranges from 40 to 60 years, and childhood mortality has steadily dropped in recent years. Sickle cell disease is more common in certain ethnic groups and is most prominent in malaria-endemic regions, as individuals who are heterozygous for the sickle cell mutation are relatively protected against malaria infection. One such region is the Middle East, where the incidence and prevalence rates of SCD in some countries are amongst the highest in the world, and childhood mortality rates for patients with SCD are relatively high. However, the overall burden of illness-encompassing various aspects of disease and their impact on costs and health outcomes-is largely uncharacterized for SCD in Middle Eastern countries. Understanding the burden of illness of SCD in this region could help to inform and prioritize health care policies and assist in the allocation of health care resources. Objective: To understand the burden of illness of SCD in Middle Eastern countries by identifying available information using a systematic literature review (SLR). Methods: A systematic literature search of English-language studies published within five years of the search date (July 2018) was conducted using PubMed and EMBASE databases. Pre-defined population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes (PICO) criteria were used to identify relevant studies conducted in Middle Eastern countries. All patient populations with SCD receiving any approved or guideline-recommended medical interventions were of interest. Studies that reported any outcomes related to burden of illness such as epidemiology, treatment patterns, prognosis, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and economic information were included. All study types were included except for case reports and conference meeting minutes. Results: Twenty-three studies from Middle Eastern countries met the inclusion criteria (Figure 1). Of these studies, eight were from Saudi Arabia, one was from the United Arab Emirates, six were from Bahrain, three were from Lebanon, one was from Oman, one was from Kuwait, and three were from Egypt. Epidemiological information was captured for six countries, treatment pattern information was captured for three countries, disease prognosis information was captured for six countries, HRQoL information was captured for two countries, and cost information was captured for one country. Overall, the incidence and prevalence of SCD in Middle Eastern countries both ranged from approximately 0.04% to 2.1%. Vaso-occlusive crises (VOC), acute chest syndrome (ACS), acute splenic sequestration events, viral infections, and anemic/hemolytic events were the most common causes of hospitalization; however, the rates generally differed between countries. Limited information was available for disease prognosis; factors related to high mortality included age, frequency of hospitalizations, and length of stay in the ICU. Information on HRQoL was even further limited; only two studies captured by the search reported this type of data. In these two studies, SCD patients experienced a reduced QoL compared with non-diseased controls. The reported reductions in QoL for SCD patients were associated with poor education, age of onset of ACS and blood transfusion in the three-month period preceding the study, and specific physical symptoms including fever and pain. Finally, the only published economic information identified by the search was the cost of screening for SCD with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in Lebanon ($3.50 per newborn). Conclusions: Substantial data gaps across all aspects of burden of illness were identified. Moreover, the data captured-especially for HRQoL and costs-were limited and reported in very few countries. These findings highlight the importance of further characterizing the burden of illness of SCD in the Middle East, where the incidence and prevalence rates of the disease are relatively high. Disclosures Bailey: Novartis: Employment. Gibbs:Novartis: Employment. Dani:Novartis: Employment. Mendell:Novartis: Consultancy. Thompson:Novartis: Consultancy.