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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Microréseau électrique"
Gauché, Adrien. "Stratégies d'optimisation à l'aide d'un contrôle par commande prédictive de microréseaux avec stockage d'énergie hybride batteries/hydrogène". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ECDN0005.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis proposes to improve the predictive control of microgrids with renewable generation and hybrid battery-hydrogenstorage. The aim is to find a storage scheduling solution applicable to all PowiDian stations, overcoming the limitations of the current optimizer. The first contribution is a generic formulation of microgrids with storage. Next, black-box optimisers are integrated and compared in the Energy Management System (EMS) to plan the power of the electrolyser and the fuel cell over a one-day horizon. The formulation and its various optimisers are evaluated with real data over a full year. The second contribution shows that the choice of the best optimizer is based on the computational load, since the relevance of the control and the evaluated cost of the objective function are similar whatever the optimizer. Finally, the thesis proposes a linear integer formulation of Unit Commitment from large power systems adapted to hydrogen storage, with the objective of guaranteeing optimality, reducing computational complexity and integrating classical methods (uncertainty management, operating time, etc.)
Fernandez, Orjuela Julian Alberto. "Intégration des véhicules électriques dans le réseau électrique résidentiel : impact sur le déséquilibre et stratégies V2G innovantes". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT044/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe study of the Vehicle to Grid (V2G) interactions is the main contribution of this research work. To charge an electric vehicle (EV) battery the overloading in low voltage (LV) residential networks is expected to be between 2 kW and maximum 10kW. To avoid power quality deterioration a battery recharge management is a priority for the charging infrastructure business. Our work has been, first, to study the impact of a significant number of EVs in recharge mode on the voltage and current unbalances in a LV residential electric network scenario and second to develop charging strategies to minimize those unbalances.First, we defined why it is important for the LV residential network to minimize the unbalances both in current and in voltage. Then, we studied the impact of different market penetration rates of the EV on the unbalances by estimating the sensibility of the statistical parameters describing them. Finally we developed several charging/discharging strategies in order to minimize the current unbalance by using optimization algorithms in the continuous and discrete domains. Several constraints were formulated in order to preserve power limits and an enough state of charge for the mobility
Gaztañaga, Arantzamendi Haizea. "Étude de structures d'intégration des systèmes de génération décentralisée : application aux microréseaux". Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0179.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe present PhD deals with an original microgrid concept and its application as a Renewable Energy Source’s (RES) grid integration scheme. This microgrid is composed of RES generators as well as support systems that incorporate additional functionalities in order to improve RES integration into the grid. According to this concept, two practical microgrid applications have been studied in detail: a residential microgrid and a wind farm supported by DFACTS systems (STATCOM and DVR). In both applications, the control structures which are implemented at different levels and applied to the differents microgrid elements have been developed, analyzed by means of off-line simulations and finally validated in real-time conditions with physical reduced-scale prototypes
Wiart, Jean-Baptiste. "Approche hiérarchique de co-simulation pour l'étude des échanges d'énergie des microréseaux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0026.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe context of this thesis is part of a microgrid modeling and simulation approach. Funded by the LUE ULHyS project, a multidisciplinary research programme on hydrogen and fuel cell technologies, from innovative materials for PEM-FCs to hydrogen economics and prospective ergonomics, the thesis proposed a multi-disciplinary framework for the study of energy exchanges in microgrids by co-simulation.The modeling of multi-source, multi-carrier microgrids requires the system to be described as the integration of interacting heterogeneous subsystems. Its simulation consists in managing the synchronisation of heterogeneous simulators and the exchange of data between them. Mecsyco (Multi-agent Environment for Complex SYstem CO-simulation - mecsyco.fr) has demonstrated its ability to rigorously address these issues. The challenges are no longer at the formal and software levels, but on the semantic aspect. Currently, the need for microgrid experts to become more competent in computer science, formalism integration principles, etc. in order to be able to design microgrid models and simulate them themselves diverts them from their initial objective, takes time and can potentially introduce serious errors. The challenge lies in the integration of the heterogeneities specific to the study of energy exchanges in a microgrid into a co-simulation approach, at the semantic level.This thesis proposes concepts and software components (related software tools in relation with mecsyco) adapted to microgrid experts to bridge the gap between conceptual requirements and the simulation of multi-source and multi-carrier microgrids. The work defines two concepts allowing the representation of microgrids in a modular and hierarchical co-simulation approach at all levels of modelling and simulation: the informationnal components first, informational characteristic of the components performing physical operations (consume, produce, store) on energy; the coupling operator second, object of the reification of the network management strategy, collecting information and allowing the calculation of a new energy distribution guaranteeing the network balancing.The evaluation of the work is done through an iterative example of simulation of an eco-neighbourhood in which we illustrate the properties of modular integration of models and hierarchisation at all levels of the co-simulation approach. We also illustrate the visualisation capabilities of the results through the automated R reports, newly integrated to the Mecsyco middleware
Salha, Fouad. "Microréseaux îlotables : étude et coordination des protections des générateurs et du réseau". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00865077.
Pełny tekst źródłaBaudoin, Sylvain. "Étude d’un système hybride pile à combustible / microturbine dans un contexte microréseau rural isolé". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0440/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaRural areas, often far away from the main electric grid, are particularly suitablefor the deployment of microgrids (MG). This type of grid allows a restructuring oftoday's power grid in order to integrate more efficiently renewable power sources.Biogas, produced by anaerobic digestion of agricultural wastes, is a renewable energyresource available in rural areas. This resource, easily stored in large quantities, isparticularly interesting for weak grids like a MG. Energy sources using biogas are morereliable and less dependent on stochastic phenomena such as wind or solarillumination.After a state of the art on the different technologies enhancing biogas, it is clearthat a hybrid system consisting of a SOFC type fuel cell and a microturbine (MT)achieves the best electric efficiency with low environmental impact.The overall objective of the thesis is to study the SOFC / MT system as themain power source in an isolated rural MG context. For this purpose, a model of thesystem was carried out by focusing on the elements that affect the dynamics of thesystem's electrical signals. The hybrid system was then sized in order to maintainoptimal electrical performance, and a unique 3LNPC multilevel converter is used tointegrate the hybrid system to the MG. As a fuel cell is sensitive to load changes(affecting its performance and lifespan), the first objective of the control strategyapplied to the 3LNPC converter is to regulate the power of the SOFC at its nominalvalue. The MG must be able to operate autonomously when islanded, thus the secondobjective of this strategy is to set the grid voltage and frequency.The controllers of the control strategy are designed paying particular attention tothe robustness. The operation of the SOFC / MT hybrid system, driven by a single3LNPC type converter equipped with an innovative control strategy, has been testedand validated in simulation and experimentally in the MG platform of ESTIAResearch
Ghanty, Yann. "Etude du lien entre la fréquence et les puissances actives pour le dimensionnement d'un microréseau alternatif îloté avec sources d'énergie renouvelables". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0152/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe quality of an electricity grid is measured by its resilience, namely its ability to continue to provide electricity despite the incidents. This continuity of supply is ensured by the frequency control, acting as a means of cooperation between the different sources of the grid. This thesis examines in depth the different ways to ensure this frequency control on stand-alone microgrids with regard to new issues: increasing integration of intermittent energy sources and decreasing (or disappearing) of the synchronous rotating groups with their inertia. The main objective is to propose a set of analytical models explaining the dynamic behavior of the frequency and the active powers transiting on a microgrid, whatever the topology, in order to constitute an aid to the sizing. To this overall objective is added a number of sub-objectives that structure and guide this work:- An educational objective: the nature of the link between the balance of active powers and the frequency on an AC microgrid is clearly explained, whether this link is based on physical parameters or is related to control laws. The goal is to understand the different links of cause and effect between the paramers of the system, the frequency and the active power and thespecificities to each topology of microgrid. - An objective of simplicity and modularity: the models proposed must be adaptable to particular cases, so that any reader can reuse easily outside the scope of this study. To do this, mathematical models in the form of block diagrams which can be integrated in Matlab are used. - Finally, a "big signal" simulation objective: to decide with the small signal approach of many traditional microgrid models, and to make it possible to understand the behavior of the microgrid over a wide range of power imbalance
Lam, Quang Linh. "Advanced control of microgrids for frequency and voltage stability : robust control co-design and real-time validation". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT002/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis addresses the frequency and voltage stability issues of stand-alone microgrids with high penetration of renewable energy by making use of energy storage devices, and is divided into two main parts.In the first part, we propose a systematic design of a multi-variable robust control structure for frequency regulation in a diesel-photovoltaic-supercapacitor hybrid power generation system operating in stand-alone mode. The proposed control structure relies on a two-level architecture: classical PI-based current tracking controllers are placed on the low control level and receive references from an H-infinity-control-based upper level. A comprehensive methodology that casts the specific engineering demands of microgrid operation into H-infinity control formalism is detailed. It is also shown how closed-loop dynamic performance requirements must at their turn be taken into account in the initial microgrid setup and sizing, namely in appropriately choosing and rating the energy storage system. Then, a robust performance analysis of the synthesized H-infinity controller in the presence of various load disturbances, photovoltaic output active power variations, and model uncertainties is carried out in order to determine the maximum parameter variation range for which the imposed control performances are respected for the considered operating point. Numerical simulations performed with MATLAB/Simulink show the effectiveness of the proposed frequency robust control strategy on a MVA-rated microgrid. A rapid-prototyping test bench, which is composed of a real supercapacitor-based energy storage system and an emulated diesel-photovoltaic-load grid, is developed in order to experimentally validate this control strategy.The second part of this thesis focuses on computing an H-infinity-based multi-variable voltage controller in order to robustly force the voltage magnitude of the point of common coupling to satisfy dynamic specifications. The same idea of cascaded two-level control structure - where this controller is placed on an upper control level and provides the references to current controllers placed on a lower level - is aslo adopted. Then, the performance and robustness of the proposed H-infinity controller in the presence of various load and photovoltaic reactive power disturbances, as well as model uncertainties, are studied based on MATLAB/Simulink time-domain simulations
Julian, Maya. "Evaluation and Optimization of Strategies to introduce Renewable Energy into Electricity Generation for Housing". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0365.
Pełny tekst źródłaNowadays where oil prices become considerably expensive and CO2 emissions increase rapidly, grid operation is becoming even more multidimensional given the environmental policies that are enforced. Given the set of goals stemming from the Kyoto agreement and initiatives like the 20/20/20 European agreement, tight schedules and boundaries are dictated, for all the participating countries in order to consistently reduce their Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions while integrating more renewable energy and substituting older and pollutant heavy production technologies with newer and more eco-friendly ones. Thus, the whole restructuring of the energy systems are focused in two fronts in order to achieve the mentioned goals, 'cleaner' energy integration and energy efficiency. In order to achieve cleaner energy, attention has been drawn to the highly promising RES, Combined Heat and Power (CHP) units and alternative fuels like natural gas units and Fuel Cells (FC). The installation of more and more units of Dispersed Generation-DG (PV, WT, FC, Micro_CHP, etc.) close to consumers leads to a new era for the Energy Systems. Microgrids could come into play to aid the network through CO2 emission reduction while increasing their efficiency through local generation. Microgrids are defined as Low Voltage (LV), or in some cases Medium Voltage (MV), networks with DG sources, together with storage devices and controllable loads (e.g. water heaters, air conditioning) with a total installed capacity in the range of few kWs to couple of MWs. The unique feature of Microgrids is that, although they operate mostly interconnected to the upper level voltage distribution network, they can be automatically transferred to islanded mode in case of faults in the upstream network. This doctoral thesis aims to develop methodologies and analysis techniques for the quantification of the DG’s advantages in Microgrids scheme, giving emphasis in environmental issues and constraints (e.g. various carbon tax rates, CO2, SO2, NOx constraints, emission factors of production units, e.t.c.). Moreover, suitable calculation software for minimizing the operational cost in the Microgrid (in which variations in the pricing policies are applied) will also be developed. So, by evaluating comparable scenarios, the environmental and pricing policies that contain greater viability and realization potentiality will be presented. In addition, given the above parameters, an economic-environmental hourly dispatch problem is formulated in order to optimally produce the hourly generation schedules of the Microgrid's DG. Matlab software will be used to perform the proposed simulations (Lagrange Method – fmincon function)
Ali, Sadaqat. "Energy management of multi-source DC microgrid systems for residential applications". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0159.
Pełny tekst źródłaCompared to the alternating current (AC) electrical grid, the direct current (DC) electrical grid has demonstrated numerous advantages, such as its natural interface with renewable energy sources (RES), energy storage systems, and DC loads. It offers superior efficiency with fewer conversion steps, simpler control without skin effect or reactive power considerations. DC microgrids remain a relatively new technology, and their network architectures, control strategies, and stabilization techniques require significant research efforts. In this context, this thesis focuses on energy management issues in a multi-source DC electrical grid dedicated to residential applications. The DC electrical grid consists of distributed generators (solar panels), a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) with batteries and a supercapacitor (SC), and DC loads interconnected via DC/DC power converters. The primary objective of this research is to develop an advanced energy management strategy (EMS) to enhance the operational efficiency of the system while improving its reliability and sustainability. A hierarchical simulation platform of the DC electrical grid has been developed using MATLAB/Simulink. It comprises two layers with different time scales: a local control layer (time scale of a few seconds to minutes due to converter switching behavior) for controlling local components, and a system-level control layer (time scale of a few days to months with accelerated testing) for long-term validation and performance evaluation of the EMS. In the local control layer, solar panels, batteries, and the supercapacitor have been modeled and controlled separately. Various control modes, such as current control, voltage control, and maximum power point tracking (MPPT), have been implemented. A low-pass filter (LPF) has been applied to divide the total HESS power into low and high frequencies for the batteries and supercapacitor. Different LPF cutoff frequencies for power sharing have also been studied. A combined hybrid bi-level EMS and automatic sizing have been proposed and validated. It mainly covers five operational scenarios, including solar panel production reduction, load reduction, and three scenarios involving HESS control combined with supercapacitor state of charge (SOC) control retention. An objective function that considers both capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operating costs (OPEX) has been designed for EMS performance evaluation. The interaction between the HESS and EMS has been jointly studied based on an open dataset of residential electrical consumption profiles covering both summer and winter seasons. Finally, an experimental platform of a multi-source DC electrical grid has been developed to validate the EMS in real-time. It comprises four lithium-ion batteries, a supercapacitor, a programmable DC power supply, a programmable DC load, corresponding DC/DC converters, and a real-time controller (dSPACE/Microlabbox). Accelerated tests have been conducted to verify the proposed EMS in different operational scenarios by integrating real solar panels and load consumption profiles. The hierarchical simulation and experimental DC electrical grid platforms can be generally used to verify and evaluate various EMS