Artykuły w czasopismach: „Micro hydro pumps”

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Williams, A. A. "The Turbine Performance of Centrifugal Pumps: A Comparison of Prediction Methods". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 208, nr 1 (luty 1994): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1994_208_009_02.

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Standard centrifugal Dumps may be operated in reverse as water turbines, and for hydroelectric plums of less than 100 kW (micro- hydro) they are often cheaper than specifically designed turbines. However, in order to use a pump in a micro-hydro scheme, the turbine performance-must be found either by testing or by calculation. Several methods have been suggested for predicting the turbine performance based on the data for pump performance at best efficiency, but they produce a wide range of results. In this paper, eight such methods are compared using an analysis of the effects of poor turbine prediction on the operation of a pump as turbine at a typical micro hydro site. The comparison uses the results of turbine tests on 35 pumps of various types and sizes, some of which have come from the author's own tests. None of the eight methods gives an accurate prediction for all of the pumps but one of the methods can be recommended as a first estimate of the turbine performance.

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Pokharel, N., P. Sapkota, A. Ghimire, B. S. Thapa i B. Thapa. "Experimental Analysis of a Centrifugal pump in pump mode and turbine mode". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1079, nr 1 (1.09.2022): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1079/1/012035.

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Abstract The national grid of Nepal faces several hurdles during its operation, especially in remote areas of hilly and mountain region. Citizens face blackouts of days to weeks, due disturbances caused in the grid in those regions. Micro hydro can be a very strategic backup for the national grid in those regions. However, due to lack of subsidy, which used to be provided in the past, for development of micro hydro, micro developers are unable to afford the construction cost of the micro hydro. Thus using Pumps that are readily available in the market at a much cheaper price, compared to custom built hydro turbines, as turbines can be a very economical alternative for such cases. But the concept of pump as turbine has not been utilized in Nepalese market. In this study, a centrifugal pump abundantly available in the Nepalese market has been used to evaluate its performance in turbine mode as well as in pump mode. A characteristic performance curve of the pump operated in turbine mode is obtained from the experimental data. The Best efficiency point and the operating regime is also determined based on the results obtained from experiments. The head conversion factor and discharge conversion factor calculated based on the data measured from the experiment, at various operating conditions, are compared to previous works done by other researchers. The performance obtained from the experimental analysis is comparable to the performance of the turbines installed in the micro hydro power projects. PAT can be a game changer in the micro hydro sector, by providing a very economical and technically viable option of expensive hydro turbines.

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Williams, A. A. "Pumps as turbines for low cost micro hydro power". Renewable Energy 9, nr 1-4 (wrzesień 1996): 1227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1481(96)88498-9.

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Barbarelli, S., M. Amelio, G. Florio i N. M. Scornaienchi. "Procedure Selecting Pumps Running as Turbines in Micro Hydro Plants". Energy Procedia 126 (wrzesień 2017): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.08.282.

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Lugauer, Florian Julian, Josef Kainz, Elena Gehlich i Matthias Gaderer. "Roadmap to Profitability for a Speed-Controlled Micro-Hydro Storage System Using Pumps as Turbines". Sustainability 14, nr 2 (7.01.2022): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020653.

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Storage technologies are an emerging element in the further expansion of renewable energy generation. A decentralized micro-pumped storage power plant can reduce the load on the grid and contribute to the expansion of renewable energies. This paper establishes favorable boundary conditions for the economic operation of a micro-pump storage (MPS) system. The evaluation is performed by means of a custom-built simulation model based on pump and turbine maps which are either given by the manufacturer, calculated according to rules established in studies, or extended using similarity laws. Among other criteria, the technical and economic characteristics regarding micro-pump storage using 11 pumps as turbines controlled by a frequency converter for various generation and load scenarios are evaluated. The economical concept is based on a small company (e.g., a dairy farmer) reducing its electricity consumption from the grid by storing the electricity generated by a photovoltaic system in an MPS using a pump as a turbine. The results show that due to the high specific costs incurred, systems with a nominal output in excess of around 22 kW and with heads beyond approximately 70 m are the most profitable. In the most economical case, a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of 29.2 €cents/kWh and total storage efficiency of 42.0% is achieved by optimizing the system for the highest profitability.

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Novara, Daniele, i Aonghus McNabola. "The Development of a Decision Support Software for the Design of Micro-Hydropower Schemes Utilizing a Pump as Turbine". Proceedings 2, nr 11 (8.08.2018): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2110678.

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Pumps As Turbines (PATs) are a class of unconventional hydraulic turbines consisting of standard water pumps working in reverse mode as the prime mover. Such devices can be well suited for either in-pipe energy recovery or small-scale hydropower, but their practical application is hampered by the lack of comprehensive guidelines able to assist the designer in the determination of the optimal plant layout and the choice of equipment. In fact, the performances of a PAT will depend on factors such as its construction type, its size and the flow conditions under which the machine is expected to operate. Ultimately, the design of a PAT-based hydro scheme is a matter of trade-offs which are in most cases not trivial. An innovative software was developed in order to assist hydro designers and provide a visual aid when choosing between different layouts of the analyzed hydro scheme (e.g., more than one PAT in series/parallel, different shaft speeds), and has been applied to a real case study of energy recovery in a water network.

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Tahir, Muhammad Faizan, Haoyong Chen, Muhammad Sufyan Javed, Irfan Jameel, Asad Khan i Saifullah Adnan. "Integration of Different Individual Heating Scenarios and Energy Storages into Hybrid Energy System Model of China for 2030". Energies 12, nr 11 (31.05.2019): 2083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112083.

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Traditional energy supply infrastructures are on the brink of facing a major transformation due to energy security concerns, environment pollution, renewable energy intermittency and fossil fuel scarcity. A hybrid energy system constitutes the integration of different energy carriers like electricity, heat and fuel which play a vital role in addressing the above challenges. Various technological options like combined heat and power, heat pumps, electrolysers and energy storages ease out multiple carrier integration in an energy hub to increase system flexibility and efficiency. This work models the hybrid energy system of China for the year 2030 by using EnergyPLAN. Atmosphere decarbonization is achieved by replacing conventional coal and natural gas boilers with alternative individual heating sources like hydrogen operated micro combined heat and power natural gas micro combined heat and power and heat pumps. Moreover, rockbed storage as well as single and double penstock pumped hydro storages are added in the proposed system in order to cope with the stochastic nature of intermittent renewable energy such as wind and solar photovoltaic. The technical simulation strategy is employed to analyze the optimal combination of energy producing components by determining annual costs, fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. The results substantiate that a heat pump and double penstock pumped hydro storage addition to the individual heating and electricity network not only proves to be an economically viable option but also reduces fuel consumption and emissions.

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Obriki, Mudiaga, Kpegele Le-ol Anthony i Nkoi Barinyima. "Design Analysis of Pump as Turbine for a Coastal Region of Nigeria". European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, nr 3 (12.03.2019): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.3.1104.

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This research details the design analysis process of a 100 kW Pump as Turbine (PAT) micro hydro system for Sangama Community in the Asari-Toru Local Government of Rivers State, Nigeria. In order to achieve this, governing equations of fluid flow in pumps and pipes were applied to determine suitable design parameters of the system components, and also to select appropriate pump configuration. A design software, PAT+, was built in C# to help perform the design computations involved, although the software can be applied to PAT design for any expected power rating and desired system efficiency. From the results obtained, t was seen that a single stage pump of 28644 rpm operating at a head of 19.23 metres was suitable to generate the expected power. Parameters were varied and plots generated to show the effect of some parameters on the other, and it was deduced that the system head is inversely proportional to the flow rate. Also, for higher power outputs, higher design heads would be needed, although expected design output of a PAT should not exceed 100kW.

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Obriki, Mudiaga, Kpegele Le-ol Anthony i Nkoi Barinyima. "Design Analysis of Pump as Turbine for a Coastal Region of Nigeria". European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 4, nr 3 (12.03.2019): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.3.1104.

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This research details the design analysis process of a 100 kW Pump as Turbine (PAT) micro hydro system for Sangama Community in the Asari-Toru Local Government of Rivers State, Nigeria. In order to achieve this, governing equations of fluid flow in pumps and pipes were applied to determine suitable design parameters of the system components, and also to select appropriate pump configuration. A design software, PAT+, was built in C# to help perform the design computations involved, although the software can be applied to PAT design for any expected power rating and desired system efficiency. From the results obtained, t was seen that a single stage pump of 28644 rpm operating at a head of 19.23 metres was suitable to generate the expected power. Parameters were varied and plots generated to show the effect of some parameters on the other, and it was deduced that the system head is inversely proportional to the flow rate. Also, for higher power outputs, higher design heads would be needed, although expected design output of a PAT should not exceed 100kW.

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Pérez García, José, Antonio Cortés Marco i Simón Nevado Santos. "Use of Centrifugal Pumps Operating as Turbines for Energy Recovery in Water Distribution Networks. Two Case Study". Advanced Materials Research 107 (kwiecień 2010): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.107.87.

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The main pipes in water distribution systems have, in many cases, an excess of static pressure. This excess of pressure is usually dissipated by means of intermediate reservoirs, pressure-reducing valves or any other device that produces the required energy loss with the aim to adjust the pressure level to the demand pattern of the system. This hydraulic energy can be used to directly drive a mechanical system or to generate electric power. In this type of recovery energy systems, the available hydraulic power is lower than 100 kW (micro-hydro). In this range, the utilization of conventional hydraulic turbines is not economically viable in short-medium time. In micro-hydropower applications the use of standard centrifugal pumps operated in reverse mode as hydraulic turbines (PAT) can be competitive. In this work, several prediction methods and algorithms suggested by different authors were analyzed and compared. Two case study, in the water system distribution of Murcia and Elche are also presented.

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Zhang, Ying, Xu Wu, Qifeng Guo, Zhaohong Zhang, Meifeng Cai i Limei Tian. "Research on the Mechanical Properties and Damage Constitutive Model of Multi-Shape Fractured Sandstone under Hydro-Mechanical Coupling". Minerals 12, nr 4 (31.03.2022): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12040436.

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In this paper, mechanical property tests of sandstone with multiple shapes of prefabricated fractures (single, T-shaped, and Y-shaped fractures) are carried out through the MTS815 rock mechanics testing machine and the Teledyne ISCO D-Series Pumps system. Considering the hydro-mechanical coupling effects, the experiments reveal the key thresholds, strength characteristics and deformation laws of multi-shape fractured sandstones during the progressive failure process. According to the elastic-plastic theory, the continuous damage theory and the statistical damage theory, a new damage model is constructed, which fully reflects the coupled effects among water, micro flaws and macroscopic prefabricated fractures. The crack closure stress σcc, crack initiation stress σci and damage stress σcd of multi-shape fractured sandstone samples are determined by the proposed volumetric strain response method. In the range of 0–90°, the σcc and σci of the multi-shape fractured sandstone samples are different, as well as the angles when the σcd and peak strength (σc) reach their peak values. The stress ratios (the σcc/σc, σci/σc, and σcd/σc are collectively referred to as stress ratios) are hardly affected by the shape and inclination of the fractures inside the rock. According to strength analysis and deformation characteristics, the weakening effect of water has less of an influence on the strength than prefabricated fractures. The stress–strain curve obtained, based on the hydro-mechanical coupling test, is in good agreement with the theoretical curve generated by the damage constitutive model, verifying the rationality of the damage constitutive model. In addition, the fracture inclination only affects the numerical value of the total damage variable of multi-shape fractured sandstone samples, and has minor effects on its variation trend.

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Marzuki, Marzuki, Ahmad Fauzi Pohan, Trengginas Eka Putra Sutantyo i Asep Neris Bachtiar. "PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA MIKRO HIDRO (PLTMH) MEMANFAATKAN AIR BUANGAN RUMAH TANGGA DI NAGARI SAWAH TANGAH, KECAMATAN PARIANGAN, KABUPATEN TANAH DATAR, SUMATERA BARAT". LOGISTA - Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 5, nr 2 (30.12.2021): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/logista.5.2.151-159.2021.

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Kondisi berbukit dan lokasi sungai yang jauh dari pusat pemukiman pada Nagari Sawah Tangah membuat masyarakat kesulitan untuk mengakses sumber air sebagai kebutuhan pokok maupun untuk irigasi persawahan. Saat ini, sumber mata air yang berlimpah pada Jorong Tuah Sakato, Nagari Sawah Tangah, sebagian telah dialirkan dari lembah yang dalam menuju rumah-rumah warga dan persawahan dengan menggunakan pompa listrik. Namun, hal ini membuat masyarakat memiliki biaya listrik yang besar untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air mereka. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk membantu biaya listrik masyarakat Nagari Sawah Tangah dengan membangun sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikro Hidro (PLTMH) dengan memanfaatkan air buangan yang tidak terpakai. Kegiatan dibagi menjadi beberapa tahapan, yaitu diawali dengan (1) melakukan peninjauan lokasi dan penyuluhan, (2) penentuan lokasi pemasangan dan rancangan pipa dan turbin crossflow, kemudian selanjutnya (3) pembuatan sistem sipil dan mekanik sistem turbin, dan (4) melakukan pengujian efisiensi sistem turbin, serta (5) pembinaan kepada masyarakat. Perbedaan ketinggian antara posisi bendungan dengan turbin crossflow sebesar 15°. Debit air yang melewati pipa menuju turbin mencapai 60 liter/detik. Keberhasilan sistem turbin ini mampu memeroleh daya sekitar 2600 W. Dengan demikian, kegiatan pengabdian ini mampu membuat biaya listrik yang ditanggung oleh masyarakat menjadi lebih murah. Kata kunci: Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikro Hidro (PLTMH), Turbin crossflow, Efisiensi, Jorong tuah sakato, Nagari sawah tangah ABSTRACT The hilly conditions and the location of the river which is far from the center of settlement in Nagari Sawah Tangah make it difficult for the community to access water sources as basic needs and for irrigation of rice fields. Currently, the abundant springs in Jorong Tuah Sakato, Nagari Sawah Tangah, have been partially drained from a deep valley to people's homes and rice fields using electric pumps. However, this leaves the community with large electricity costs to meet their water needs. This community service activity aims to help the electricity costs of the Nagari Sawah Tangah community by building a Micro Hydro Power Plant (PLTMH) system by utilizing unused waste water. The activity is divided into several stages, starting with (1) conducting site inspections and counseling, (2) determining the installation location and design of pipes and crossflow turbines, then (3) making civil and mechanical turbine systems, and (4) conducting testing turbine system efficiency, and (5) community development. The difference in height between the position of the dam and the crossflow turbine is 15°. The flow of water that passes through the pipe to the turbine reaches 60 liters/second. The success of this turbine system is able to obtain a power of about 2600 W. Thus, this service activity is able to make the electricity cost paid by the community cheaper. Keywords: Micro Hydro Power Plant (PLTMH), Crossflow turbine, Efficiency, Jorong tuah sakato, Nagari sawah tangah

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Simão, Mariana, Modesto Pérez-Sánchez, Armando Carravetta i Helena Ramos. "Flow Conditions for PATs Operating in Parallel: Experimental and Numerical Analyses". Energies 12, nr 5 (8.03.2019): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12050901.

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Micro-hydro systems can be used as a promising new source of renewable energy generation, requiring a low investment cost of hydraulic, mechanical, and electrical equipment. The improvement of the water management associated with the use of pumps working as turbines (PATs) is a real advantage when the availability of these machines is considered for a wide range of flow rates and heads. Parallel turbomachines can be used to optimize the flow management of the system. In the present study, experimental tests were performed in two equal PATs working in parallel and in single mode. These results were used to calibrate and validate the numerical simulations. The analysis of pressure variation and head losses was evaluated during steady state conditions using different numerical models (1D and 3D). From the 1D model, the installation curve of the system was able to be defined and used to calculate the operating point of the two PATs running in parallel. As for the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, intensive analysis was carried out to predict the PATs′ behavior under different flow conditions and to evaluate the different head losses detected within the impellers. The results show system performance differences between two units running in parallel against a single unit, providing a greater operational flow range. The performance in parallel design conditions show a peak efficiency with less shock losses within the impeller. Furthermore, by combining multiple PATs in parallel arrangement, a site’s efficiency increases, covering a wide range of applications from the minimum to the maximum flow rate. The simulated flow rates were in good agreement with the measured data, presenting an average error of 10%.

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Lugauer, Florian Julian, Josef Kainz i Matthias Gaderer. "Techno-Economic Efficiency Analysis of Various Operating Strategies for Micro-Hydro Storage Using a Pump as a Turbine". Energies 14, nr 2 (14.01.2021): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020425.

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Storage technologies are an increasingly crucial element in the continued expansion of renewable energy production. Micro-hydro storage using a pump as a turbine is a potentially promising solution in certain cases, for example, for extending existing photovoltaic systems (PV) and thus reducing grid load and enabling economically beneficial self-consumption of the energy produced. This paper gives an overview of various operating strategies and their technical and economic efficiencies. The evaluation was based on a simulation model of a system that uses measured characteristic maps of both the pump and turbine operations. An optimizer was employed to vary the essential system parameters, which made it possible to determine the optimal economical operation of the pump as a turbine in combination with a PV system. This in turn enabled us to determine the conditions under which the system can be operated most profitably. It was then possible to make precise calculations of the stored energy quantities, total efficiency (ηtot = 42% with speed control), and many other values critical to each operating strategy. Based on the technical findings, the economic analysis resulted in a levelized cost of energy of 0.63 €/kWh for the micro-hydro storage when using speed control.

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Raman, N., I. Hussein, K. Palanisamy i B. Foo. "An experimental investigation of pump as turbine for micro hydro application". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 16 (17.06.2013): 012064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/16/1/012064.

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Morabito, Alessandro, Guilherme de Oliveira e Silva i Patrick Hendrick. "Deriaz pump-turbine for pumped hydro energy storage and micro applications". Journal of Energy Storage 24 (sierpień 2019): 100788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2019.100788.

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Frijns, Jos, Enrique Cabrera Marchet, Nelson Carriço, Dídia Covas, Antonio J. Monteiro, Helena M. Ramos, Andrea Bolognesi, Cristiana Bragalli, Sotiria Baki i Christos Makropoulos. "Management tools for hydro energy interventions in water supply systems". Water Practice and Technology 10, nr 2 (1.06.2015): 214–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2015.024.

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There is significant potential for energy recovery through the use of micro-hydropower installations in water supply systems (WSS). To exploit the full potential of hydro energy in balance with the optimal hydraulic performance and water supply service, multi-objective management tools are needed. This paper presents the application of four management tools: (1) an energy audit to evaluate the potential hydro energy in the water pressurised systems of Alcoy; (2) multi-criteria decision-making methods for the selection of the preferred energy-efficient operation of a system with a pump-storage reservoir and hydro-turbines in the Algarve; (3) a numerical dynamic tool for optimal turbine operation in the water distribution of Langhirano; and (4) an urban water optioneering tool to estimate the hydropower potential of the external aqueduct network in Athens. These methods showed that through an integrated approach the WSS can be optimised for both hydraulic performance and hydro energy production.

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Zariatin, D. L., Shanti Kumbarasari i Dwi Rahmalina. "The Performance of Pump as Turbine with Machined Impellers". MATEC Web of Conferences 159 (2018): 02024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815902024.

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Pump as turbine (PAT) is a type of micro hydro power plant, which uses a commercial pump as a turbine in order to generate electricity. Most of PAT facilities used centrifugal pump. The main component of the pump is impeller, which commonly produced by using casting process. However, this paper describes a manufacturing process to produce PAT impeller by using machining process. Four impellers were produced from two variations of materials (brass and AA-7075), each with 5 and 6 blades. The impellers were tested in a laboratory scale PAT power-plant facility, and the performance of each impeller was compared to its original impeller. The experiment results show that the impeller with 6 blades made of brass material improves 48.9% of power generated.

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Mejiartono, Sarid, Muhammad Fathul Hikmawan i Aditya Sukma Nugraha. "Numerical and experimental study of mixed flow pump as turbine for remote rural micro hydro power plant application". Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology 13, nr 2 (29.12.2022): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/j.mev.2022.v13.125-136.

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The use of a pump as opposed to a turbine/pump as turbine (PAT) for off-grid electrification applications is one of the important ways to be considered in efforts to equalize electrical energy in Indonesia. The main problem in PAT applications is how to predict pump performance if applied as a turbine to find out its best characteristics and efficiency points. This study discusses a method to find pump performance specifications when using a pump with a mixed flow type as a turbine for Micro Hydro Power Plants. The numerical method by utilizing computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based software simulations that have been proven to be accurate according to previous studies was selected for use in obtaining predictions of the pump characteristics as turbines. Then the PAT characteristics of the CFD simulation results are validated by conducting direct testing. The results of the CFD numerical simulation using ANSYS Fluent software show the performance curve of a mixed flow pump operated as a turbine at various rotating speeds. The highest efficiency for each rotating speed ranges from 35-40%. The test results directly show the PAT characteristics, that the performance range is close to the numerical simulation results with a difference of 10%.

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Dhundhara, Sandeep, i Yajvender Pal Verma. "Application of micro pump hydro energy storage for reliable operation of microgrid system". IET Renewable Power Generation 14, nr 8 (7.05.2020): 1368–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2019.0822.

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Yin, Jun lian, De zhong Wang, Yu-Taek Kim i Young-Ho Lee. "A hybrid energy storage system using pump compressed air and micro-hydro turbine". Renewable Energy 65 (maj 2014): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2013.07.039.

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Cendoya, Marcelo G., Santiago A. Verne i Pedro E. Battaiotto. "Novel Pumping System based on Micro-Hydro Turbine and Centrifugal Pump coupled using EVT Induction Machine. Application in Rural Area Irrigation". International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 5 (8.05.2023): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232027.2023.5.4.

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In this article, a topology for energy conversion oriented to water pumping for irrigation in remote areas is proposed. A micro-hydraulic turbine working at fixed speed, in a "run-off-river" configuration, drives a centrifugal pump through a variable electric transmission (EVT). An EVT based on induction machines was selected, with the stator directly connected to a weak AC grid but the internal rotor fed by a variable frequency drive, allowing an adjustable pump speed. The grid supplies a base power for residential consumption, while the hydro turbine increases the available power for irrigation and thus augmenting productivity of the land uphill and beyond the vicinity of the watercourse. The grid also provides an assistance function, absorbing/delivering a reduced amount of power in case the hydraulic resource is excessive/insufficient for the requested water pumping. As the turbine delivery is constant, the water pumping requirement establishes the power exchanged between turbine, AC grid and pump. For this reason, an analysis to quantify the power flow in the system components for different pump speeds has been carried out. The system modeling is described and computer simulations, using a specific pump speed profile, are presented to validate the performed theoretical analysis.

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Suzuki, Masayuki, i Ichiro Kano. "M4-6 Performance of Electro-Hydro-Dynamic Pump assembled with Micro Patterned Electrode (M4 Pump and Droplet/Bubble Manipulation)". Proceedings of the Symposium on Micro-Nano Science and Technology 2009.1 (2009): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemnm.2009.1.81.

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Chilipi, Rajasekhara Reddy, Bhim Singh i Srinivasa Murthy. "A New Voltage and Frequency Controller for Standalone Parallel Operated Self Excited Induction Generators". International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 13, nr 1 (18.02.2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/1553-779x.2809.

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This work proposes a new voltage and frequency controller (VFC) for standalone parallel operated self excited induction generators driven by uncontrolled micro hydro turbines. This VFC consists of a current controlled static compensator (STATCOM) for regulating the voltage during different load conditions and a variable frequency induction motor drive driving a water pump operating as an electronic load controller (ELC) for balancing the generated power, which in turn regulates the system frequency. The STATCOM functions as a reactive power compensator for regulating the system voltage and an active filter for harmonics elimination. The control algorithm of STATCOM is based on the synchronous reference frame (SRF) theory.

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Du, Jiyun, Hongxing Yang, Zhicheng Shen i Jian Chen. "Micro hydro power generation from water supply system in high rise buildings using pump as turbines". Energy 137 (październik 2017): 431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.03.023.

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Guignard, Nathan, Christian Cristofari, Vincent Debusschere, Lauric Garbuio i Tina Le Mao. "Micro Pumped Hydro Energy Storage: Sketching a Sustainable Hybrid Solution for Colombian Off-Grid Communities". Sustainability 14, nr 24 (13.12.2022): 16734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416734.

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Currently, electricity generation in off-grid communities is done through polluting and often inefficient diesel generators. When renewable energies are implemented, they are often coupled with chemical batteries, whose specificities do not fit well with remote and harsh environments. As a more sustainable alternative, this paper looks at micro pumped hydro energy storage coupled with solar photovoltaic production. Rural electrification in Colombia is selected as the best potential context for such a solution. Several electrical machines are considered for energy conversion (associated with one pump also utilized as turbine for robustness and cost reasons) and rated over-dedicated criteria: reactive power, efficiency, price, flexibility of power intake, complexity, and robustness. This sketching phase highlights two machines, induction and permanent magnet synchronous machines, both coupled with a variable frequency drive. Two microgrid configurations are also selected that best suit this storage technology to the needs of Colombian non-interconnected zones. A pursuit of low-tech, robust solutions is carried in this paper for reasons of costs, maintenance, and local appropriation.

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Ismail, Mohd Azlan, Al Khalid Othman i Hushairi Zen. "CFD Modelling of a Pump as Turbine (PAT) with Rounded Leading Edge Impellers for Micro Hydro Systems". MATEC Web of Conferences 87 (2017): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20178705004.

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Ramos, H. M., M. Mello i P. K. De. "Clean power in water supply systems as a sustainable solution: from planning to practical implementation". Water Supply 10, nr 1 (1.03.2010): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2010.720.

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Energy efficiency and renewable energy sources have drawn a greater attention by EU, in particular for climate change policies as it can substantially cut down CO2 emissions to meet EU environmental obligations. It is well established that in drinking pipe systems Pressure Reducing Valves (PRV) are used as a mean for excess energy dissipation for the purpose of pressure control. This type of solution can be adopted, as a mitigation method to control the system losses, in particular, the available overload, which must have to be dissipated to avoid leakage or rupture occurrence in the pipe system. The use of micro-hydro systems seems to provide a better approach as a sustainable solution in terms of controlling the system pressure as well as to provide a non-negligible income by producing clean energy. Computational simulations, experimental research and engineering project development are carried out to analyse and compare the hydraulic system behaviour between a PRV and a pump working as a turbine (PT). This research creates an important challenge for seasonal stabilization of the energy supply by using water supply systems, due to the stochastic nature of river-hydro resources.

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Giosio, D. R., A. D. Henderson, J. M. Walker, P. A. Brandner, J. E. Sargison i P. Gautam. "Design and performance evaluation of a pump-as-turbine micro-hydro test facility with incorporated inlet flow control". Renewable Energy 78 (czerwiec 2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2014.12.027.

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Alberizzi, Jacopo C., i Massimiliano Renzi. "Comparison of Batteries and Pumping Hydro with PaTs as energy storage technologies for a micro-hybrid generation system: Multi-objective optimization through a MILP algorithm". E3S Web of Conferences 238 (2021): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123802004.

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Small-scale hybrid energy systems are often composed by different power production technologies and adopted in mini-grids. In this work, a Mixed Integer Linear Programming optimization algorithm has been developed to compute the optimal scheduling of a micro-grid constituted by Internal Combustion Generators (ICGs) and a Storage System that can be either a conventional battery storage system or a Pumping Hydro energy Storage (PHES) based on Pump-as-Turbines. The algorithm computes the optimal energy generation scheduling of the micro-grid, minimizing a multi-objective fitness function constituted by the total costs of the energy system and the total CO2 and NOx emissions. In particular, the emissions are modelled with varying trends depending on the ICG load and not with constant values, which represents a simplification that is often adopted but that can induce misleading results. Furthermore, the algorithm takes into account all the physical constraints related to the generators and the storage system, such as maximum and minimum power generation, ramp-up and ramp-down limits and minimum up and down-time. The two energy storage technologies are compared and results show that a management strategy based on this algorithm can reduce significantly the total emissions of the system.

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Ramos, Helena M., Avin Dadfar, Mohsen Besharat i Kemi Adeyeye. "Inline Pumped Storage Hydropower towards Smart and Flexible Energy Recovery in Water Networks". Water 12, nr 8 (7.08.2020): 2224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082224.

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Energy and climate change are thoroughly linked since fossil energy generation highly affects the environment, and climate change influences the renewable energy generation capacity. Hence, this study gives a new contribution to the energy generation in water infrastructures by means of an inline pumped-storage hydro (IPSH) solution. The selection of the equipment is the first step towards good results. The energy generation through decentralized micro-hydropower facilities can offer a good solution since they are independent of the hydrologic cycle associated with climate change. The current study presents the methodology and analyses to use water level difference between water tanks or reservoirs in a base pumping system (BPS) to transform it into the concept of a pump-storage hydropower solution. The investigation was developed based on an experimental facility and numerical simulations using WaterGEMS in the optimization of the system operation and for the selection of the characteristic curves, both for the pump and turbine modes. The model simulation of the integrated system was calibrated, and the conceptual IPSH that can be installed was then investigated. The achieved energy for different technical scale systems was estimated using proper dimensional analysis applied to different scaled hydraulic circuits, as well as for hydropower response.

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Morabito, A., J. Steimes, O. Bontems, G. Al Zohbi i P. Hendrick. "Set-up of a pump as turbine use in micro-pumped hydro energy storage: a case of study in Froyennes Belgium". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 813 (4.04.2017): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/813/1/012033.

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Yang, Hualin, Lingli Zhu, Hao Xue, Junyong Duan i Fang Deng. "A Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Impeller Rounding on Centrifugal Pump as Turbine". Processes 9, nr 9 (17.09.2021): 1673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091673.

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Pump as turbine (PAT) is one of the micro-hydro system components. It can be used alone as a generator in remote areas without power supply, and in hydraulic networks instead of pressure-reducing valves. However, its hydraulic optimization still remains an open research problem. One of the optimization techniques is the rounding of the sharp edges at the blade periphery. Existing studies are mostly based on prototype experiments to obtain the optimization effect. In order to more intuitively analyze the influence of this structural optimization on the internal flow of PAT, this paper uses the CFD method to study the influence of the leading edge of the centrifugal pump blade and the fillet of the impeller on the turbine performance. By simulating the PAT performance at different flow rates and speeds, the internal hydraulic performance changes caused by the inverted circular blade are analyzed. Simulation results show that, under various operating conditions, the impeller inverted circle improves the efficiency of PAT to different degrees. At the speed of 1500 rpm, the efficiency is most obviously improved, which can reach 8.09%. Internal flow results show that the efficiency increases along with the decrease in impeller inlet resistance and the flow separation region in the impeller. This paper provides an effective method for studying the PAT hydraulic optimization problem.

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Graciano-Uribe, Jonathan, Jorge Sierra i Edwar Torres-Lopez. "Instabilities and influence of geometric parameters on the efficiency of a pump operated as a turbine for micro hydro power generation: A review". Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems N/A, N/A (lipiec 2020): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.13044/j.sdewes.d8.0321.

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Kananda, Kiki, Dean Corio i Efa Maydhona S. "TURBINES DESIGN FOR HIDROPOWER IN WAY LAAI AND WAY LAMI PESISIR BARAT DISTRICT LAMPUNG PROVINCE". Jurnal Ecotipe (Electronic, Control, Telecommunication, Information, and Power Engineering) 7, nr 1 (16.03.2020): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/ecotipe.v7i1.1388.

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Hydropower is considered to be one of important renewable energy sources. Renewable energy is the second-largest contributor to global electricity production after fossil fuel. Hydropower generation presents several advantages over most other sources of electrical power. It includes a high level of reliability, proven technology, high efficiency (about 90%), very low operating and maintenance costs, flexibility and large storage capacity. Based on the types of installation, hydropower can be categorized as; impoundment, diversion, and pump storage, and based on the turbine types can it be classified as reaction and impulse systems. Previous research gives the results of the initial survey, concluding that there are two rivers that have the potential to become a micro or mini-hydro generator. Way Laai and Way Lami. So, we need to know what is turbines type to suit both of river Way Laai and Way Lami. We used the same method with other research that used TURBNPRO software for helping in the design of Turbines. The simulation result gives one alternative to the right turbine design for Way Laai is the orientation vertical of 6 jet Pelton with a peak efficiency of 89.9%. The right alternative turbine design for Way Lami is the vertical orientation Axial turbine/ propeller design with a peak efficiency of 93.3%.

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Hasmatuchi, Vlad, Alin Bosioc, Sébastien Luisier i Cécile Münch-Alligné. "A Dynamic Approach for Faster Performance Measurements on Hydraulic Turbomachinery Model Testing". Applied Sciences 8, nr 9 (21.08.2018): 1426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8091426.

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During the design and optimization of hydraulic turbomachines, the experimental evaluation of hydraulic performances beyond the best efficiency point and for off-design conditions remains essential to validate the simulation process and to finalize the development. In this context, an alternative faster method to measure the efficiency of hydraulic turbomachines using a dynamic approach has been investigated. The so-called “sliding-gate” dynamic measurement method has been adapted and implemented on the hydraulic test rig of the HES-SO Valais//Wallis, Sion, Switzerland. This alternative approach, particularly gainful for small-hydro for which the investment devoted to development is limited, has been successfully assessed on two cases for drinking water networks energy recovery. A 2.65 kW double-regulated laboratory prototype of a tubular axial micro-turbine with two independent variable speed counter-rotating runners and a 11 kW multi-stage centrifugal pump-as-turbine (PAT) with variable speed have been selected. The hydraulic efficiency results obtained by dynamic measurements are compared to the ones obtained by the classical steady point-by-point method. This dynamic method, suitable not only for hydraulic machinery, allows: (i) reducing significantly (up to 10×) the time necessary to draw the complete efficiency characteristics of a hydraulic machine; (ii) rapidly detecting the hydrodynamic instabilities within the operating range of the machine.

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Sommeng, Andy Noorsaman, i Chrisnawan Anditya. "Boosting renewable power generation in Indonesia electricity sector: a policy action by the government". E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 02060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186702060.

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Indonesia is committed to reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) by 29% against Business as Usual (BAU) projections in 2030 with its own efforts and 41% with international assistance as part of the Paris Agreement. In the management and utilization of electricity, the development of renewable energy (RE) power generation in Indonesia is carried out while taking into account the balance with other aspects, namely Energy Security, Energy Equity, and Energy Sustainability or called as Energy Trilemma. In accordance with PLN’s Electricity Supply and Demand Business Plan (RUPTL) 2018-2027 that has been approved by the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources, the total capacity of RE power generation to be built up to 2025 is about of 14.3 GW consists of geothermal power generation (PLTP) of 4.6 GW; hydro power generation (including mini-hydro and pump storage): 7.7 GW; solar power generation (PLTS): 1.0 GW; wind power generation (PLTB): 0.6 GW; and biomass/waste power generation (PLTBm/PLTSa): 0.4 GW. The RE power generation to be developed is still dominated by "Non-Intermittent" RE power generation (89%). While the "Intermittent" RE power generation that will be developed is still relatively small, which is only about 11%. This is due to challenges in its development, namely PLN is the only "Off-Taker" in the electricity business, and not all RE power generation can be accepted by the electricity system. As an effort to improve the development of RE power generation, the policy actions that have been or will be implemented by the government are 1) Development of RE power generation should be consider the balancing between "supply and demand" and the readiness of the electricity system to tapping the RE power generation at the most competitive costs; 2) Development of Distributed Generation or Micro-Grid; 3) Revision of the Grid Code to accommodate the Intermittent RE power generator; 4) Development of Smart-Grid; and 5) Acceleration of the Electric Vehicle Program.

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Habibillah, Alfan, i Alfian Ma'arif. "Prototipe Sistem Pompa Air Tenaga Surya dengan Monitoring Tegangan Berbasis Internet of Things (IoT)". Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro 3, nr 3 (6.01.2022): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/biste.v3i3.4767.

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Several types of alternative energy are geothermal, biogas, wind energy, micro hydro and solar energy. Among these alternative energies, solar energy is the most potential energy to be utilized in Indonesia. A solar energy water pump system with a battery is a water pump that utilizes solar energy into electrical energy that is stored in batteries. The energy in the solar panels is stored in the battery as a source of electrical energy to pump water through the solar charge controller. In this study, monitoring the pump battery voltage remotely, monitoring using the Internet of Things (IoT) method by displaying it on the thingspeak website. The solar panel has a power of 10 Watts. Testing on the whole tool using panels and without using panels there are differences from these experiments. With a time of 10 minutes the initial voltage of the experiment using the panel is 13.24V and the final voltage is 11.90V, consuming 1.34V. Experiments without using a panel with a starting voltage of 12.09V and a final voltage of 10.48V, consuming 1.61V. In both experiments there is a difference of 0.27V, in the test using the panel charging occurs, so that it takes longer to reduce the power to the battery. Beberapa jenis energi alternatif adalah panas bumi, biogas, energi angin, mikro hidro dan energi surya. Di antara energi alternatif tersebut, energi matahari merupakan energi yang paling potensial untuk dimanfaatkan di Indonesia. Sistem pompa air energi surya dengan baterai adalah pompa air yang memanfaatkan energi matahari menjadi energi listrik yang disimpan di baterai. Energi pada panel surya di simpan ke baterai sebagai sumber energi listrik untuk pompa air melalui solar charge controller. Pada penelitian ini memantau tegangan baterai pompa dari jarak jauh, pemantauan menggunakan metode Internet of Things (IoT) dengan menampilkan pada website thingspeak. Panel surya memiliki daya sebesar 10 Watt. Pengujian pada alat keseluruhan dengan menggunakan panel dan tanpa menggunakan panel terdapat perbedaan dari percobaan tersebut. Dengan waktu 10 menit tegangan awal percobaan menggunakan panel 13,24V dan tegangan akhir 11,90V, menghabiskan sebanyak 1,34V. Percobaan tanpa menggunakan panel tegangan awal 12,09V dan tegangan akhir 10,48V, menghabiskan sebanyak 1,61V. Pada kedua percobaan tersebut terdapat selisih 0,27V, pada pengujian menggunakan panel terjadi pengisian daya, sehingga lebih lama pengurangan daya pada baterai.

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Negahdari, Mohammad Reza, Amir Ghaedi, Mehdi Nafar i Mohsen Simab. "Optimal planning of a micro‐grid containing tidal barrage equipped to the hydro‐pumps". IET Renewable Power Generation, 5.04.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.12723.

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Ajao, Kajogbola, Michael O. Agaja, Habeeb Ajimotokan i Asor Makar. "Adaptation of Water Pump as a Micro Hydro-Turbine for Electricity Generation". FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology 3, nr 1 (31.03.2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.46792/fuoyejet.v3i1.122.

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The concern on the global environment has imposed restraints on the production of electricity. The emphasis recently is on the development of environmental friendly methods to promote sustainable power production as it is in micro hydro power generation. The running cost of such plants is low but initial capital cost can be relatively high. By reducing the equipment cost in micro hydropower system, micro hydro turbines can become more useful and easily affordable. Reducing the equipment cost by the use of centrifugal pump in reverse mode can be an alternative to conventional hydraulic turbine. This paper discussed the adaptation of a water pump to function as a small hydro-turbine to be utilized in small stream in rural areas. Annual rainfall data was obtained from a 14 year data from National Centre of Agricultural Mechanization (NCAM) to obtain the discharge from river Odurun. By using the codrier graph method, a pump with a diameter of 245 mm was chosen from three pump obtained from a manufacturer catalogue. The speed at which the turbine will run was evaluated to be 1437 rpm with a head of 29 m, discharge of 0.044 m3/s and a power output of 10.1 kW with a model number of NW 10D. It was based on the site boundary conditions the pump selection was made and the performance evaluated using ratios of the head and discharge coefficients.

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Syuhud, Moh Abdus, Karyadi Karyadi, Muhammad Hasan Basri i Bachtera Indarto. ELEMEN : JURNAL TEKNIK MESIN 7, nr 2 (27.12.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.34128/je.v7i2.122.

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Abstract. Gravitational Water Vortex Power Plant is a type of green technology that is included in the category of micro-hydro power plants. Basin is one component that is very influential on the speed of vortex flow. Vortex basin is a tube used to see vortex phenomena that occur in liquid fluids, with the occurrence of vortex phenomena in a basin that uses a water pump to drain liquid vortex into fluid. The purpose of this design is to design a cylindrical basin with a diameter of 50 cm that determines the working system of the GWVPP tool so that it can be used to observe water flow, torque, turbine power, and electrical power. This cylindrical basin tool is designed with proven data collection in 1 day for 5 hours, producing the highest discharge of 0.82 l / s, the highest torque of 0.000024 Nm, turbine power of 0,00081 watts, and electrical power of 0.87 watts in turbine testing the L 4 blade model, while the highest discharge is 0.90 l / s, the highest torque is 0.000036 Nm, the turbine power is 0.00096 watts, and the electrical power is 1.95 watts in the turbine testing the S 4 blade model.

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