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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Micro-doc"
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Santos, Tulio Gonçalves dos, Ricardo Santos Silva Amorim, Edwaldo Dias Bocuti, Oscarlina Lúcia dos Santos Weber i Letycia Cunha Nunes. "Dissolved organic carbon and nitrate flows in two micro-watersheds with different land uses". Semina: Ciências Agrárias 42, nr 2 (24.02.2021): 553–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n2p553.
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he impacts of human activities on watersheds can change the quality and possible uses of water resources. In this context, we evaluated the flows of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrate (NO3) in the surface waters of two micro-watersheds with different anthropic impacts. Water samples were collected from two micro-watersheds with different land uses (regenerated savanna and an agricultural site) from January 2014 to April 2015. In the rainy season, the samples were collected every 15 days, while in the dry season, samples were collected every 30 days. An automatic sampler in the stream collected the composed samples. Water flow was monitored with a sensor that measured the hydraulic load on the sill of the triangular spillway installed in each micro-watershed. The DOC and NO3 contents were analyze via UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The flow was estimated based on the DOC and NO3 flows and concentrations. The DOC concentrations were higher in the Cerrado micro-watershed; however, there was no difference in NO3 concentrations. In both watersheds, there was a significant increase in the concentrations of DOC and NO3 on rainy days, with was more pronounced in the agricultural watershed. The DOC and NO3 flows were higher in the micro-watershed with Cerrado vegetation on days with rain; while on days without rain, there was no difference.
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Abdelsalam i Diab. "Optimal Coordination of DOC Relays Incorporated into a Distributed Generation-Based Micro-grid Using a Meta-Heuristic MVO Algorithm". Energies 12, nr 21 (28.10.2019): 4115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214115.
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Distributed, generation-based micro-grids are increasingly being used in the build-up of the modern power system. However, the protection of these micro-grids has many challenges. One of the important challenges is the coordination of directional overcurrent (DOC) relays. The optimization of the coordination of DOC relays is considered a nonlinear programming problem with pre-defined constrains. In this paper, the problem of the optimal coordination of DOC relays is solved using a multi-verse optimization (MVO) algorithm which is inspired from cosmology science. The proposed algorithm is tested by applying it to Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 3 bus and IEEE 9 bus networks. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm when applied to both networks. All results show that the performance of the MVO algorithm is better than PSO in terms of its reduction of both the overall operating time (OT) of DOC relays and the computational burden of the computer solving the optimization problem.
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Haarhoff, J., M. Kubare, B. Mamba, R. Krause, T. Nkambule, B. Matsebula i J. Menge. "NOM characterization and removal at six Southern African water treatment plants". Drinking Water Engineering and Science 3, nr 1 (15.04.2010): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/dwes-3-53-2010.
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Abstract. Organic pollution is a major concern during drinking water treatment. Major challenges attributed to organic pollution include the proliferation of pathogenic micro-organisms, prevalence of toxic and physiologically disruptive organic micro-pollutants, and quality deterioration in water distribution systems. A major component of organic pollution is natural organic matter (NOM). The operational mechanisms of most unit processes are well understood. However, their interaction with NOM is still the subject of scientific research. This paper takes the form of a meta-study to capture some of the experiences with NOM monitoring and analysis at a number of Southern African Water Treatment Plants. It is written from the perspective of practical process selection, to try and coax some pointers from the available data for the design of more detailed pilot work. NOM was tracked at six water treatment plants using dissolved organic carbon (DOC) measurements. Fractionation of the DOC based on biodegradability and molecular weight distribution was done at a water treatment plant in Namibia. A third fractionation technique using ion exchange resins was used to assess the impact of ozonation on DOC. DOC measurements alone did not give much insight into NOM evolution through the treatment train. The more detailed characterization techniques showed that different unit processes preferentially remove different NOM fractions. Therefore these techniques provide better information for process design and optimisation than the DOC measurement which is routinely done during full scale operation at these water treatment plants.
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Wang, Tao, Xiaoyu Wu, Guoqing Zhang, Bin Xu, Yinghua Chen i Shuangchen Ruan. "Experimental Study on Machinability of Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass during Micro Milling". Micromachines 11, nr 1 (13.01.2020): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11010086.
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The micro machinability of Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 bulk metallic glass (BMG) was investigated by micro milling with coated cemented carbide tools. The corresponding micro milling tests on Al6061 were conducted for comparison. The results showed that the tool was still in stable wear stage after milling 300 mm, and the surface roughness Ra could be maintained around 0.06 μm. The tool experienced only slight chipping and rubbing wear after milling the BMG, while a built-up edge and the coating peeling off occurred severely when milling Al6061. The influence of rotation speed on surface roughness was insignificant, while surface roughness decreased with the reduction of feed rate, and then increased dramatically when the feed rate was below 2 μm/tooth. The surface roughness increased gradually with the axial depth of cut (DOC). Milling force decreased slightly with the increase in rotation speed, while it increased with the increase in axial DOC, and the size effect on milling force occurred when the feed rate decreased below 1 μm/tooth. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that all milled surfaces were still dominated by an amorphous structure. This study could pave a solid foundation for structural and functional applications.
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Ernst, M., i M. Jekel. "Advanced Treatment Combination for Groundwater Recharge of Municipal Wastewater by Nanofiltration and Ozonation". Water Science and Technology 40, nr 4-5 (1.08.1999): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0601.
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This paper presents the results of research undertaken on an advanced treatment combination for polishing municipal wastewater with the purpose of a safe groundwater recharge. The results of a former study of DWQC initiated this research. It is envisaged that tertiary effluent is nanofiltrated to reject dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) to concentrations less than 2–3 mg DOC/L respectively <2 μg AOX/L. The brine will be given back in a recycling process to the sewage treatment plant after passing an oxidation step. To avoid rising scaling potentials and other negative impacts due to increasing salinity, the rejection characteristics of several NF-membranes were investigated. They show a strong dependence between DOC and sulfate removal. Biofouling on the membrane surface (Desal DK5) can be controlled by higher cross-flow velocities (CFV) of about 1 m/s, however, a suitable pre-treatment like slow sand filtration is required. High water conversion factors result in moderately higher biofouling. This shows that water quality is the main factor responsible for fouling and not the concentration of constituents. Ozonation experiments with the concentrate confirmed an enhanced biodegradability of refractory DOC. At a specific ozone consumption 1,7 mg O3/mg DOC0 the DOC reduction by micro-organisms (aerobic biotest) reaches its maximum after 14 days of biodegradation with a total reduction of 60%.
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Buyong, Muhamad Ramdzan, Farhad Larki, Muhamad Ikhmal Hakimi Zainal, Abdelaziz Yousif Ahmed Almahi, Ahmad Ghadafi Ismail, Azrul Azlan Hamzah, Aminuddin Ahmad Kayani Kayani, Céline Elie Caille i Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis. "Implementation of capacitance as simultaneous sensing and actuating tool in tapered microelectrode arrays for dielectrophoresis-on-a-chip application". Microelectronics International 37, nr 4 (21.09.2020): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi-04-2020-0023.
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Purpose This paper aims to present the capacitance characterization of tapered dielectrophoresis (DEP) microelectrodes as micro-electro-mechanical system sensor and actuator device. The application of DEP-on-a-chip (DOC) can be used to evaluate and correlate the capacitive sensing measurement at an actual position and end station of liquid suspended targeted particles by DEP force actuator manipulation. Design/methodology/approach The capability of both, sensing and manipulation was analysed based on capacitance changes corresponding to the particle positioning and stationing of the targeted particles at regions of interest. The mechanisms of DEP sensor and actuator, designed in DOC applications were energized by electric field of tapered DEP microelectrodes. The actual DEP forces behaviour has been also studied via quantitative analysis of capacitance measurement value and its correlation with qualitative analysis of positioning and stationing of targeted particles. Findings The significance of the present work is the ability of using tapered DEP microelectrodes in a closed mode system to simultaneously sense and vary the magnitude of manipulation. Originality/value The integration of DOC platform for contactless electrical-driven with selective detection and rapid manipulation can provide better efficiency in in situ selective biosensors or bio-detection and rapid bio-manipulation for DOC diagnostic and prognostic devices.
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Liu, Qi Feng. "Research on Treatment of the Micro-Polluted Reservoir Water with Ozone Oxidation". Advanced Materials Research 884-885 (styczeń 2014): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.884-885.129.
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Bench and pilot scale pre-oxidation treatment runs were performed on the raw water samples from micro-polluted reservoir. Bench experimental results showed that the particles with large size decreased when ozone pre-oxidation was applied, meanwhile, the organic matters with unsaturated chemical bonds decreased obviously. Pilot experimental results showed that turbidity, UV254,CODMn and total coliform could be treated efficiently by ozone pre-oxidation combined with traditional technologies, but the effectiveness of DOC removal is not obvious. Keywords: ozone oxidation; UV254; Organic matter; micro-polluted water
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Graveland, A. "Particle and micro-organism removal in conventional and advanced treatment technology". Water Science and Technology 37, nr 10 (1.05.1998): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0392.
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All international drinking water quality standards can be divided into four groups – (micro)biological: bacteria, viruses, cysts, higher organisms, etc. – toxicological: THM, AOX, pesticides, solvents, etc. – organoleptic (esthetic): taste, odor, color, turbidity, etc. – operational: DOC, AOC, pH, Ca2+, HCO3−, Cl−, SO42−, etc. The philosophy on drinking water treatment focuses on the removal of all the undesired species, dissolved and undissolved, available in raw water, in such a way that no new undesired compounds are introduced during treatment such as Al, Cl2, THM, AOX and AOC or during distribution such as Pb, Cu, Cd and asbestos. Special attention is paid to the removal of organic and inorganic colloids and of micro-organisms. Microbiologically stable water during storage and distribution can be realized by removal of nutrients (DOC, AOC) without the use of chlorine of chlorine products. As an example the treatment systems of the Amsterdam Water Supply based on the relatively very polluted raw water of the river Rhine are described. For future expansion of the production capacity membrane processes such as hyperfiltration (HF), electrodialysis reversal (EDR) and ultrafiltration (UF) are investigated. Results are shown on conventional and advanced technology concerning: final water quality, natural and environmental protection, process stability and costs per m3.
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Luppi, Andrea I., Joshua Cain, Lennart R. B. Spindler, Urszula J. Górska, Daniel Toker, Andrew E. Hudson, Emery N. Brown i in. "Mechanisms Underlying Disorders of Consciousness: Bridging Gaps to Move Toward an Integrated Translational Science". Neurocritical Care 35, S1 (lipiec 2021): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12028-021-01281-6.
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Abstract Aim In order to successfully detect, classify, prognosticate, and develop targeted therapies for patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC), it is crucial to improve our mechanistic understanding of how severe brain injuries result in these disorders. Methods To address this need, the Curing Coma Campaign convened a Mechanisms Sub-Group of the Coma Science Work Group (CSWG), aiming to identify the most pressing knowledge gaps and the most promising approaches to bridge them. Results We identified a key conceptual gap in the need to differentiate the neural mechanisms of consciousness per se, from those underpinning connectedness to the environment and behavioral responsiveness. Further, we characterised three fundamental gaps in DOC research: (1) a lack of mechanistic integration between structural brain damage and abnormal brain function in DOC; (2) a lack of translational bridges between micro- and macro-scale neural phenomena; and (3) an incomplete exploration of possible synergies between data-driven and theory-driven approaches. Conclusion In this white paper, we discuss research priorities that would enable us to begin to close these knowledge gaps. We propose that a fundamental step towards this goal will be to combine translational, multi-scale, and multimodal data, with new biomarkers, theory-driven approaches, and computational models, to produce an integrated account of neural mechanisms in DOC. Importantly, we envision that reciprocal interaction between domains will establish a “virtuous cycle,” leading towards a critical vantage point of integrated knowledge that will enable the advancement of the scientific understanding of DOC and consequently, an improvement of clinical practice.
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Haarhoff, J., M. Kubare, B. Mamba, R. Krause, T. Nkambule, B. Matsebula i J. Menge. "NOM characterization and removal at six Southern African water treatment plants". Drinking Water Engineering and Science Discussions 2, nr 2 (10.11.2009): 231–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/dwesd-2-231-2009.
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Abstract. Organic pollution is a major concern during drinking water treatment. Major challenges attributed to organic pollution include the proliferation of pathogenic micro-organisms, prevalence of toxic and physiologically disruptive organic micropollutants, and quality deterioration in water distribution systems. A major component of organic pollution is natural organic matter (NOM). The operational mechanisms of most unit processes are well understood. However, their interaction with NOM is still the subject of scientific research. This paper takes the form of a metastudy to capture some of the experiences with NOM monitoring and analysis at a number of Southern African Water Treatment Plants. It is written from the perspective of practical process selection, to try and coax some pointers from the available data for the design of more detailed pilot work. NOM was tracked at six water treatment plants using dissolved organic carbon (DOC) measurements. Fractionation of the DOC based on biodegradability and molecular weight distribution was done at a water treatment plant in Namibia. A third fractionation technique using ion exchange resins was used to assess the impact of ozonation on DOC. DOC measurements alone did not give much insight into NOM evolution through the treatment train. The more detailed characterization techniques showed that different unit processes preferentially remove different NOM fractions. Therefore these techniques provide better information for process design and optimisation than the DOC measurement which is routinely done during full scale operation at these water treatment plants. Further work will focus on streamlining and improving the reproducibility of selected fractionation techniques, characterization of NOM from different water sources, and synthesis of the results into a systematic, practical guideline for process design and optimisation.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Micro-doc"
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Hou, Yanxia. "Elaboration et caractérisation de biofilms pour micro- et nanobiocapteurs olfactifs". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/yhou.pdf.
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L'objectif de ce travail est d'élaborer et de caractériser un biofilm incorporant des protéines spécifiques d'espèces odorantes et des récepteurs olfactifs sur une électrode en vue de la fabrication de micro- et nanobiocapteurs olfactifs. Les couches mixtes de Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) composées d'IgG et d'amphiphile ainsi que l'immunocapteur correspondant ont été étudiés afin de valider la techcnique d'immobilisation de Langmuir-Blodgett. Ensuite la technique de LB a été appliquée dans le but de fabriquer un biocapteur d'odorant basé sur les couches mixtes de LB composées des protéines spécifiques d'espèces odorantes et des molécules amphiphiles qui ont été caractérisées par AFM et par spectroscopie d'impédance électrochimique (EIS). Cependant, la technique LB s'est avérée inadaptée à l'immobilisation de récepteurs couplés à des protéines G sur l'électrode. Par conséquent une nouvelle technique d'immobilisation de multicouche auto-assemblée a été développée et caractérisée par spectroscopie d'impédance électrochimique et AFMThe objective of this work is to elaborate and characterize biofilms of odorant-binding proteins and olfactory receptors on electrodes for construction of olfactory micro- and nanobiosensors. Mixed Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of IgG/amphiphile and the corresponding immunosensor were first studied in order to validate the immobilization technique of Langmuir-Blodgett. Then, LB technique was applied to construct odorant biosensor based on mixed odorant-binding proteins/amphiphile LB films which were characterized by AFM and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). However, we found that LB technique is not suitable for immobilization of G-protein coupled receptors on the electrode. Therefore, a novel immobilization technique of self-assembled multilayer was developed and characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and AFM. It was demonstrated that rhodopsin and olfactory receptors I7 can
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Malak, Saly. "Optical localization of multiple micro-conveyors mobile over smart surfaces". Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://bibliotheque.utc.fr/EXPLOITATION/doc/IFD/2019COMP2526.
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Dans le contexte de la micro-robotique, cette thèse vise à développer une méthode de localisation et de suivi optique de micro-convoyeurs se déplaçant sur une surface. Le principe de la méthode de localisation proposée consiste à détecter un faisceau réfléchi sur le micro-convoyeur et à analyser ce signal optique pour obtenir les positions correspondantes. Les principaux éléments du système sont un rétroréflecteur à coin cube placé sur un micro-convoyeur et qui permet de réfléchir le signal optique dans sa direction incidente, un miroir MEMS qui permet de balayer la surface avec un éclairement laser, un séparateur de faisceau qui est un composant optique utilisé pour guider la lumière réfléchie vers un photodétecteur utilisé pour assurer la localisation et le suivi à travers l’exploitation du signal détecté par ce dernier. L’importance de la localisation est d’optimiser la trajectoire suivie par les micro-convoyeurs en contrôlant leur position et leur vitesse pour finalement pouvoir localiser les micro-convoyeurs avec une grande précision et éviter d’éventuelles collisions entre eux. Pour faire des tests expérimentaux et évaluer le capteur développé, la surface utilisée est une surface de micro-convoyage basée sur un principe électromagnétique, développée au laboratoire Roberval. Une calibration du système, en utilisant l’homographie, a été effectuée afin d’assurer la localisation et le suivi du micro-convoyeur pour après contrôler sa trajectoire et sa vitesse. Une localisation et un suivi simultané de deux micro-convoyeurs en utilisant un multiplexage temporel a été également développé et validé dans ce travailThis thesis aims to develop a method for optical localization and tracking of microconveyors moving over a surface in the context of micro-robotics. The principle of the proposed localization method consists of detecting a beam that is reflected on the micro-conveyor and analyzing this optical received signal to obtain the corresponding positions. The main elements of the system are a corner cube reflector, a MEMS mirror and a beam splitter. The corner cube is placed on the micro-conveyor in order to allow the optical signal to be reflected in its incident direction. The MEMS mirror allows the surface to be scanned with the laser. As for the beam splitter, it is an optical component used to guide the reflected light to a photodetector which is in turn used for localization and tracking through the exploitation of the signal that it detects. The important role of localization is to optimize the trajectory followed by the micro-conveyors. This could be achieved by controlling the respective position and speed of each of them in order to be finally able to localize the micro-conveyor with high precision and to avoid possible collisions between them. The surface used is a micro-conveying surface based on an electromagnetic principle, developed at the Roberval laboratory. The surface is used to perform experimental tests and to evaluate the developed sensor. A system calibration, using homography, was carried out in order to ensure the localization and tracking of the micro-conveyor, and then to control its trajectory and speed. Simultaneous localization and tracking of two micro-conveyors using time division multiplexing was also developed and validated in this work. An application of the thesis at the macroscopic scale is presented as well through applying free space optical communication between two mobile systems controlled by closed-loop optical tracking. Each system includes an active transmitter and a receiver (instead of a passive corner cube reflector in the case of the micro-conveyor). The system is driven by two servomotors which permit it to have free movement in three-dimensional space. The two modules must be aligned in order to be able to send and receive information by laser and thus communicate. In this case, a high-precision tracking system which is capable of aligning the two moving modules is required
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Hou, Yanxia Jaffrezic-Renault Nicole. "Elaboration et caractérisation de biofilms pour micro- et nanobiocapteurs olfactifs". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/yhou.pdf.
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Blanchard, Michel. "Myopie et horizons temporels des économies de marché : Une approche micro-économique". Paris 9, 1997. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1997PA090001.
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L'horizon économique des projets et comportements a traditionnellement été analysé par deux démarches indépendantes. Tout d'abord, les horizons économiques individuels ont été étudiés à travers le débat sur la préférence pour le présent et les "aptitudes spécifiques" de certains individus à agir en vue du long terme. Ensuite, un second courant récent a analysé les biais temporels d'investissement au regard des problèmes de financement issus de divergences d'intérêts entre managers et financiers lorsqu'il existe des asymétries d'information. Cette thèse tente d'intégrer ces deux approches en étudiant plus précisément les problèmes de court-termisme et de myopie des comportements des entreprises. Nous mettons en évidence la possibilité d'autres types de biais court-termistes. Enfin, nous montrons que des équilibres macro-économiques court-termistes qui s'auto-entretiennent, sont susceptibles d'apparaitreTraditionally, two distinct approaches deal with economic horizons of projects and behaviours. First, debates about time preferences and the specific ability of some agents to take into account longer time spans have led to the study of individual economic horizons. More recently, temporal investment biases involved in financial issues were examined. These biases stem from conflicts of interest between managers and financiers under asymmetric information. This dissertation merges both approaches focusing on short-termism and myopic behaviour of firms. In particular, it is shown those others forms of myopic biases can occur and those self-enforcing short termists equilibrias may appear
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Meziani, Rachid. "Méthodes interactives en optimisation linéaire sur micro-ordinateur : conception, réalisation et application". Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090030.
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On tente de montrer comment, partant du désir d'appliquer une méthode interactive en programmation linéaire multicritère développée en laboratoire, on aboutit à un modèle diffèrent mais élabore en collaboration avec l'utilisateur. On peut construire un modèle interactif permettant à l'utilisateur non seulement de trouver une solution optimale mais aussi de modifier progressivement cette solution en tenant compte de critères difficiles à formaliser. On illustre ce processus sur un problème de construction d'horaires à air France en présentant une version micro du modèle CHEOPS
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TORRERO, Alessandra Mundy. "Otimização das condições de dissolução parcial de sedimentos em sistema fechado assistida por micro-ondas". reponame:Repositório Institucional da CPRM, 2017. http://rigeo.cprm.gov.br/xmlui/handle/doc/17644.
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Marrakchi, Mouna. "Développement et optimisation de biocapteurs à base de biomolécules et de micro-organismes sur microélectrodes interdigitées". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2006. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/mmarrakchi.pdf.
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De nos jours, les besoins en biocapteurs dans différents domaines (environnement, médical. . . ) sont réels. Et c'est pour répondre à certains de ces besoins que dans ce travail nous nous sommes intéressés au développement de différents biocapteurs se basant sur l'immobilisation d'enzymes et/ou de micro-organismes sur des électrodes conductimètriques. La première partie de ce travail a été consacrée au developpement d'un biocapteur enzymatique à base de proteinase K pour le contrôle de la pollution organique dans les eaux naturelles à travers le dosage des protéines. Dans la partie suivante, nous nous sommes intéressés au développement d'un biocapteur associant deux activités enzymatiques : la β-galactosidase et la glucose oxydase et son application au dosage du lactose dans le lait. La réussite du suivi de la catalyse du lactose par la combinaison de son hydrolyse enzymatique par la β-galactosidase avec l'oxydation, du glucose généré (catalysée par la glucose oxydase), à l'aide des électrodes conductimétriques, ont ensuite été appliqués au dosage du sélénite (élément toxique à forte dose). Ceci a été réalisé en exploitant la β-gal induite dans les cellules bactériennes de Herminiimonas arsenicoxydans par la présence de sélénite. Ainsi, un biocapteur conductimétrique original associant la glucose oxydase à une bactérie génétiquement modifée, qui exprime l'activite β-galactosidase en présence de sélénite, a été développé pour la détermination du sélénite. Enfn, un biocapteur olfactif se basant sur l'immobilisation de levures S. Cerevisiae génétiquement modifées, exprimant le récepteur olfactif humain OR17-40 a été développé et appliqué avec succès à la détection de l'hélionalNowadays, the needs in biosensors has proven to be real and relevant in several fields such as the environment, health,. . . To meet those needs and expectations, we focused in this thesis on the design of different biosensors based on enzyme and/or micro-organisms immobilized on conductometric electrodes. The first part of this study is dedicated to the use of proteinase K based biosensor to estimate and control organic pollution in river's waters through protein titration. The next part describes the development of a biosensor mixing two distinct enzymatic activities, the beta-galactosidase and the glucose oxidase, and its application to lactose determination in milk. The efficiency of the conductometric biosensor in lactose analysis, as a result of combination of lactose enzymatic hydrolysis (though beta-galactosidase) and glucose oxidation(catalyzed by glucose oxidase), were afterwards applied to selenite determination (toxic element if used in important quantities). This was realized by using Herminiimonas arsenicoxydans bacterial cells where the beta-galactosidase activity is induced by selenite. Thus, an original conductometric biosensor has been developed, based on the combination of glucose oxidase activity and genetically modified bacteria, which produced abeta-galactosidase activity in presence of selenite. Finally, an olfactory biosensor based on the immobilization of a genetically modified Saccharomyces Cerevisiæ yeast, expressing the human olfactory receptor OR17-40, has been successfully developed and applied to helional detection
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Davidovici, Myriam. "Evolution de la déréglementation dans l'industrie gazière britannique : approche micro-économique en termes de dynamique d'apprentissage institutionnel". Paris 9, 1997. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1997PA090048.
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L'étude de la dérèglementation de l'industrie gazière britannique nous conduit à introduire la notion de dynamique institutionnelle pour comprendre les évolutions du cadre règlementaire au fur et à mesure du développement de la concurrence. La modélisation de la dynamique institutionnelle à l'aide d'un modèle fondé sur la théorie des systèmes dynamiques permet d'analyser le processus dérèglementaire, c'est-à-dire le passage d'une réglementation de monopole à une réglementation de la concurrence. Cette thèse permet en particulier : d'articuler les logiques micro-économiques des acteurs économiques, réglementaires et politiques pour reconstituer l'évolution macro-économique des parts de marché ; de proposer une nouveau modèle de développement de la concurrence fondé sur des flux d'entrée et de sortie de firmes ; d'intégrer l'apprentissage du régulateur et les délais d'ajustement de la réglementation au sein de la dynamique ; de rendre endogènes les évolutions du cadre réglementaireThe study of the deregulation of the british gas industry led us to introduce the concept of institutional dynamics in order to understand the evolution of the regulatory framework together with the development of competition. The modelling of the institutional dynamics using a model based on system dynamics theory enables to analyze the process of deregulation, I. E. The transition from the regulation of a monopoly to the regulation of competition. This research enables in particular: to articulate the microeconomic behaviours of economic, regulatory and political actors and to reconstruct the macroeconomic evolution of market shares; to suggest a new way of modelling competition in terms of entry and exit flows of firms; to consider the learning of the gas regulator and its lag to adjust the regulation as part of the institutional dynamics; to endogeneize the evolutions of the legal framework
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Essendoubi, Mohammed. "Identification et typage par (micro) spectroscopie IRTF des levures du genre Candida d'origine clinique". Reims, 2007. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000629.pdf.
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L'@apport de la (micro)spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier (IRTF) à la différenciation et l’identification des levures du genre Candida isolés en milieu clinique a été évalué. Nous avons appliqué cette technique d’une part à l'identification de 96 souches appartenant à 6 espèces de Candida les plus fréquentes en clinique, d'autre part au typage de 3 espèces (albicans, glabrata et parapsilosis). Les résultats montrent que la différenciation des espèces est possible à partir des suspensions et des microcolonies. Une base de données comprenant 180 spectres de Candida appartenant à ces 6 espèces a été construite. A l'aide de souches inconnues, nous avons testé le potentiel de la méthode comme outil d'identification en routine. Pour 4 des espèces, un taux d’identification de 100% a pu être atteint. Le taux inférieur observé pour les deux autres espèces est expliqué par le manque de spectres représentatifs de ces espèces dans la base de données. Pour le typage, deux applications cliniques ont été menées : un suivi longitudinal de souches de C. Glabrata chez un patient hospitalisé en service de réanimation et un suivi épidémiologique sur 13 souches de C. Glabrata isolées chez 4 patients. Une transmission interhumaine des souches entre ces patients a pu être exclue aussi bien par spectroscopie IRTF que par RAPD. Ces travaux confirment la capacité de la spectroscopie IRTF à discriminer des souches de Candida au niveau de l’espèce mais également de la souche lors d’un typage ou d’une étude clinique. Au-delà de son haut contenu en informations, la spectroscopie IRTF est rapide, fiable, peu coûteuse et peut représenter une approche nouvelle au diagnostic mycologyThe@use of FTIR (micro)spectroscopy for the differentiation and identification of Candida yeasts of clinical origin has been evaluated. Ninety-six strains belonging to six different species have been tested for the differentiation process while strains from three species (C. Albicans, C. Glabrata, and C. Parapsilosis) have been used for the typing tests. Our results show that species differentiation isachievable by analysing both suspensions and microcolonies. A spectral data base consisting of 180 strains from six different Candida species frequently encountered in medical practice has been set up. The data base was then tested with unknown species from patients. An identification score of 100% was achieved for four of the species. The lower score obtained for the other two species was explainedby the lack of representative spectra belonging to these strains in the initial data base. To demonstrate the feasibility of the method for strain typing, two clinical studies were conducted. The first study reports on to the longitudinal follow-up of C. Glabrata strains in an intensive care patient and the second concerns an epidemiological study where 13 C. Glabrata strains isolated from four differentpatients were investigated. In both cases, the FTIR results excluded an inter-human transmission. This was further confirmed by RAPD technique. These results confirm the potentials of (micro)FTIR spectroscopy to discriminate Candida strains both at species and strain levels. Besides its high information content, FTIR spectroscopy is a rapid, reliable, and low-cost technique and can be foreseen as a new diagnostic approach in medical mycology
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Essendoubi, Mohammed Sockalingum Dhruvananda Ganesh. "Identification et typage par (micro) spectroscopie IRTF des levures du genre Candida d'origine clinique". S.n. : S.l, 2007. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000629.pdf.
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Mohammadi, Hossein, H. Bogac Poyraz, Deepak Ravindra i John A. Patten. "Single Point Diamond Turning of Silicon by Using Micro-Laser Assisted Machining Technique". W ASME 2014 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME 2014 International Conference on Materials and Processing and the 42nd North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2014-4138.
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In this study, single point diamond turning (SPDT) is coupled with the micro-laser assisted machining (μ-LAM) technique. The μ-LAM system is used to preferentially heat and thermally soften the work piece material in contact with a diamond cutting tool. In μ-LAM the laser and cutting tool are integrated into a single package, i.e. the laser energy is delivered by a single mode fiber laser to and through a diamond cutting tool. This hybrid method can potentially increase the critical depth of cut (DoC), i.e., a larger ductile-to-brittle transition (DBT) depth, in ductile regime machining, resulting in a higher material removal rate (MRR). An IR continuous wave (CW) fiber laser, wavelength of 1064nm and max power of 100W with a beam diameter of 10μm, is used in this investigation. In the current study SPDT tests were employed on single crystal silicon (Si) wafer which is very brittle and hard to machine by conventional methods. Different outputs such as surface roughness and depth of cut for different set of experiments were analyzed. Results show that an unpolished surface of a Si wafer can be machined in one pass to get a very good surface finish. The Ra was brought down from 1.2μm to 275nm only in one pass which is a very promising result for machining the Si wafer.
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Park, Kyung-Hee, i Patrick Y. Kwon. "Tool Wear Analysis on Multi-Layered Coated Carbide Tools in Face Milling of AISI 1045 Steel". W ASME 2010 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2010-34066.
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Face milling tests on AISI 1045 steel were performed to study the flank wear of multilayered coated carbide tools. The cutting tools were dual (TiN/TiAlN) and triple (TiN/Al2O3/TiCN) layered, coated carbide inserts processed by PVD and CVD respectively. As expected, the depth of cut (DOC) did not play an important role on the development of flank wear while the cutting speed had a significant role in the development of flank wear. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and wavelet transform, the flank wear evolution was analyzed and abrasive wear was found to be a dominant tool wear mechanism. Adhesion of the work material was also observed after the carbide substrate was exposed. Edge chipping and micro-fracture were additional tool failure modes. After comparing the performance of the two inserts, we concluded that the dual layer coating was superior to the triple layer coating under various cutting conditions mainly due to the benefit coming from the coating processes themselves. It was claimed that the superior performance of the multilayer coating came from preventing the gross crack-induced removal of coating materials by propagating the fracture along the coating interfaces. However, no such observations were found in our milling experiment. Therefore, the hardness of the coating materials is the most important criteria for the development of flank wear.
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Khan, Mohammad Rasheed, Guenther Glatz, Devon Chikonga Gwaba i Gallyam Aidagulov. "A Novel Methodology to Investigate Critical Depth for Ductile-to-Brittle Transition During Scratch Testing". W Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207409-ms.
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Abstract More than two decades have passed since the introduction of the scratch testing method for rock strength determination. The test method typically involves dragging a rigid-shaped cutter across the rock surface at a fixed cutting depth. This depth determines the failure mechanism of the rock, ductile for shallow depths and brittle for deeper. In the ductile mode, intrinsic specific energy is primarily a measure of the unconfined-compressive-strength (UCS), which is pivotal for rate of penetration (ROP) during drilling and for borehole stability analysis. On the contrary, brittle failure can lead to permanent core damage and is usually not desired as it impacts interpretation of the scratch testing results. Consequently, it is imperative to identify the critical depth, and at which transition from ductile to brittle failure occurs which will help optimize rock testing and tool designs. In this study, a novel methodology is proposed utilizing micro-computed tomography (CT) imaging to determine critical depth through morphological analysis of scratch test cuttings. Scratch tests are carried out on Indiana limestone core samples with the cutter-rock interaction geometry characterized by a cutter width of 10mm and a back-rake angle of 15°. The sample is scratched in the range of 0.05mm to 0.40mm with increments of 0.05mm. Scratch powder is carefully collected after each scratch increment and stored for further analysis. This powder is then loaded into slim rubber tubes and imaged at a high resolution of 1 µm with a helical micro-CT scanner. The scans are then reconstructed using a computer program to initiate the visualization of individual grains from each cutter depth including evaluation of grain morphologies. Finally, the results from this morphological analysis are corroborated and compared with three other methods: force response analysis, force inflection point analysis, and the size effect law (SEL). Based on shape analysis, it was found that the transition from ductile to brittle regime occurs at a depth of 0.25mm. Elongation and appearance of the enhanced degree of angularity of the grains as the depth of cut (DOC) increases past 0.25mm was observed. Moreover, large grain sizes were detected and are representative of formation of chips (typical brittle regime response). Furthermore, it is illustrated that the image analysis helps eliminate the ambiguity of force signal analysis and in combination can aid in the critical depth of cut determination. The other methods involving force alone and the SEL are not able to pin-point onset of brittle regime. Using a similar methodology, creation of a database for various rock types is recommended to develop a guide for the depth of cut selection during scratch testing. This novel methodology utilizing micro-CT analysis and comparative study with other techniques will put in place an accurate strategy to determine the critical depth of cut when designing rock scratch testing programs.