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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Méthane – Reformage à sec":
Bachari, Khaldoun, Rabah Bouarab i Ouiza Chérifi. "Production d’Hydrogène via le Procédé Catalytique CH4 + CO2". Journal of Renewable Energies 4, nr 2 (31.12.2001): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.54966/jreen.v4i2.1002.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Méthane – Reformage à sec":
Rakib, Abdelmajid. "Valorisation du méthane en hydrogène par reformage catalytique". Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00828240.
Wei, Yaqian. "Production d'hydrogène à basse température par reformage à sec et reformage oxydant du méthane sur divers catalyseurs à base de nickel". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECLI0033/document.
In order to develop a sustainable hydrogen economy, it is desirable to produce hydrogen from biogas (CH4 and CO2) or greenhouses gases (GHG). Dry reforming (DRM) and oxidative dry reforming of methane (ODRM) are promising routes to produce H2 and CO from GHG and have received much attention due environment concerns. Herein, these reactions were studied at low temperatures (600 -700 °C) over CeNiX(AlZ)OY, NiXMg2AlOY mixed oxides and Ni/SBA-15 supported catalysts. Various physico-chemical techniques were employed to characterize the catalysts, such as XRD, XPS, H2-TPR and Raman. The influences of different parameters were examined, such as reaction temperature, pretreatment in H2, Ni content, mass of catalyst and reactants concentration, in particular, at 600°C in harsh conditions (feed gases without dilution) on low mass of catalyst (10 mg). The best catalytic activity and selectivity are obtained on partially reduced catalysts at appropriate temperature. The addition of O2 increases CH4 conversion but decreases CO2 conversion, and O2/CH4 = 0.3 could be the optimized condition due to high activity, selectivity and low carbon formation. Finally, an active site involving Ni species in close interactions with other cations is proposed. It is related to a partially reduced catalyst involving anionic vacancies, O2- species, and cations, which is formed during the in situ H2 treatment or CH4 flow
Gaillard, Marine. "Reformage à sec du méthane à l’aide de catalyseurs à base de molybdène : vers la valorisation catalytique du biogaz". Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10163/document.
In the worldwide current energy situation, new pathways for renewable energy production are developed. In Europe, methanisation is an alternate way widely implemented since it produces biogas that contains CH4 and CO2. The reforming of this biogas could lead to the consumption of the two main greenhouse gases for the production of syngas (H2, CO), which could be industrially attractive for the Fischer-Tropsch process, eventually setting up a promising waste-to-liquids technology. Yet, the main hurdle regarding this reaction is the presence of sulfur in the biogas which poisons the catalysts.Thus, a set of molybdenum-based catalysts has been synthesized and tested for the dry reforming of methane. The influence of several parameters has been evaluated, such as (i) molybdenum loading, (ii) the addition of promoters (Ni, Co, CeO2 and MgO) or (iii) the use of different supports (Al2O3, ZrO2, Carbone, SiO2, MgO). The catalysts have been analyzed via several characterization techniques to establish structure/activity relationships, identify the main deactivation phenomena and conclude on the most stable and active composition in presence of H2S during the catalytic runs
Guerrero, Jesús. "Valorisation du méthane par reformage sec en régimes stationnaire et non-stationnaire sur catalyseurs à base de nickel : mise en œuvre d'un réacteur à alimentation périodique". Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10162/document.
Nowadays the society is concerned about the greenhouse effect, and the necessity to find alternative procedures and more sustainable and durable processes to obtain the products made from petroleum. The valorization of CH4 with CO2 (dry reforming) brings the advantage of consuming gases which contribute strongly to the greenhouse effect. This reaction produces H2 and CO, which jointly or separately, are the raw materials for different processes producing energy and chemicals.Ni-Ce-O and Ni-Mg-Al-O based catalysts were successfully prepared. The influence of different parameters was studied, such as the Ni loading and the reaction temperature (600°C-800°C). The main difficulties are the formation of coke leading to rapid catalyst deactivation due to the high operating temperatures and the simultaneous presence of CO2 (reactant) and hydrogen (product) which leads, by the reverse water gas shift (RWGS), to a loss in selectivity. A process which can avoid this kind of problematics consists in exposing alternately each of the reactants. Initially the solid acts as oxygen carrier reacting with methane to form carbon monoxide (1 mole) and hydrogen (2 moles). As the solid is regenerated at each cycle, the deactivation by carbon deposition is avoided. The activity and selectivity of the solid is provided by the presence of a reducible oxide (CeO2) and a metal (Ni, Co), which cannot be reoxidized under the experimental conditions ensuring the activation of methane. Different physicochemical characterizations were performed on catalysts to find correlations between the catalytic activity and properties of the solids
Li, Tong. "Etude de catalyseurs à base de carbure de molybdène pour le reformage à sec du méthane et la synthèse Fischer-Tropsch". Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10213/document.
Molybdenum carbide catalysts have been studied in dry methane reforming (DMR) and in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS). For the DMR reaction, For the DMR, different contents of Ni promoted Mo2C/Al2O3 catalysts were investigated. The results indicated nickel increased the activity and stability of Mo2C/Al2O3 catalysts. The addition of nickel promoted the re-carburization of Mo species from oxycarbide to carbides species and led to the rapid increase of activity during reaction. The different preparation methods also had a significant influence on the nickel promoted Mo2C/Al2O3 catalysts. For FTS, different supports and different promoters have been investigated for the Mo2C based catalysts. The results suggested that alumina supported catalyst exhibited higher light olefins selectivity. Increasing the potassium contents lead to a decreased in t CO hydrogenation activities and also inhibited the water gas shift reaction. However, it obviously increased the olefins selectivity and carbon chain growth properties. At last, DMR under pressure and FTS in the presence of CH4 or CO2 were investigated. The results showed that an increase in pressure led to high carbon deposition over the catalyst surface and the addition of CH4 and CO2 in the syngas decreased the CO hydrogenation activity and affect the products distribution
Barros, Braulio Silva. "Vaporeformage et reformage à sec du méthane sur les précurseurs catalytiques LaNiO3/α-Al2O3 et La2NiO4/α-Al2O3 préparé par combustion assistée par microondes". Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6028.
Nickel catalysts have been used in steam or dry reforming of methane to obtain syngas. Usually, high conversion levels are obtained by these catalysts; however, the deactivation by carbon deposition is still a problem to be solved. Several approaches have been used to minimize this problem, outstanding in the last years the use of oxides with perovskite-type structures and/or related structures. The catalytic precursors LaNiO3/-Al2O3 and La2NiO4/-Al2O3 were prepared by microwaves-assisted self-combustion using urea or glycine as fuel. Additionally, the same systems were prepared using nitrates impregnation and Sol-gel method. Obtained powders were characterized before and after catalytic tests by XRD, BET, TPO, TPR, SEM and TEM. The catalytic precursors prepared by self-combustion with glycine presented conversion results in agreement with the thermodynamic data for both reforming reactions. In the other side, the prepared catalysts with urea and by impregnation showed high conversion levels in lower temperatures, indicating the occurrence of the reaction of methane cracking. The accomplished analyses by Temperature-programmed oxidation profiles and transmission electronic microscopy confirmed in these catalysts the formation of carbon nanotubos. Deposits of carbon were not detected in the prepared samples with glycine. X-ray diffraction of the tested catalysts suggests that the partial of the oxides La-Ni is responsible for the good aging and resistance to the carbon deposition. The partial reduction promotes the control of the size and a better dispersion of the metallic nickel particles
Catalisadores a base de níquel suportado em óxidos não-redutíveis, como alumina, têm sido amplamente empregados nas reações de reforma a vapor ou a seco (CO2) do metano para obtenção de H2 ou gás de síntese (H2 + CO). Normalmente, altos níveis de conversão são obtidos por estes catalisadores, entretanto, a desativação por deposição de carbono ainda é um problema a ser solucionado. Diversas abordagens têm sido empregadas no intuito de minimizar este problema, dentre as quais tem se destacado nos últimos anos a utilização de óxidos com estrutura perovskita e/ou estruturas relacionadas. Paralelamente,o uso de metodologias de síntese mais rápidas, fáceis, aplicáveis em escala industrial e que permitam o controle das características microestruturais destes catalisadores, pode em conjunto, prover a solução para este problema. Os precursores catalíticos LaNiO3/-Al2O3 e La2NiO4/-Al2O3 foram preparados pelo método de autocombustão assistida por microondas usando uréia ou glicina como combustível. Adicionalmente, os mesmos sistemas foram preparados pelos métodos de impregnação úmida de nitratos e sol-gel para efeito de comparação. As amostras preparadas foram testadas nas reformas a seco e a vapor do metano, sendo avaliados os respectivos níveis de conversão, rendimento e/ou seletividade, como também a resistência à deposição de carbono, durante o tempo sob fluxo de reagentes na temperatura de reação. As amostras foram calcinadas a 800 oC (LaNiO3/-Al2O3) e 1000 oC (La2NiO4/-Al2O3), para obtenção das fases desejadas. Os pós-obtidos foram caracterizados antes e após os testes catalíticos por difração de raios-X, medidas de área superficial especifica, oxidação e redução à temperatura programada, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e de transmissão. A cristalização da fase LaNiO3 foi confirmada em todas as amostras de composição LaNiO3/ - Al2O3, calcinadas a 800 oC. Para as amostras de composição La2NiO4/ - Al2O3 a fase La2NiO4 foi obtida por autocombustão com glicina sem calcinação posterior. Para todos os outros casos a calcinação a 1000 oC foi necessária. Os perfis de redução à temperatura programada das amostras preparadas por combustão com glicina apresentaram picos de redução a elevada temperatura (900 oC), sugerindo a dissolução do alumínio sobre os óxidos redutíveis contendo níquel. O mesmo foi observado em menor proporção para as amostras preparadas por combustão com uréia e sol-gel. Os precursores preparados por autocombustão com glicina apresentaram resultados de conversão em acordo com a termodinâmica de ambas as reações de reforma. Por outro lado, os catalisadores preparados com uréia e por impregnação mostraram altos níveis de conversão em temperaturas mais baixas (> 90 % a partir de 600 oC), indicando a ocorrência da reação de quebra do metano (CH4 ® C + 2H2). Por sua vez, as analises realizadas por oxidação a temperatura programada e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão, confirmaram a formação de depósitos carbonáceos em significativa quantidade e na forma de nanotubos de carbono de paredes múltiplas. Depósitos de carbono não foram detectados nas amostras preparadas com glicina. Analises de DRX dos catalisadores testados sugerem que a redução parcial e não total dos óxidos La-Ni é responsável pelo bom desempenho e resistência à deposição de carbono. A redução parcial, neste caso relacionada a metodologia de preparação, promove o controle do tamanho e uma melhor dispersão das partículas de níquel metálico, além de permitir uma interação mais forte entre a espécie ativa e a superfície do suporte que contém átomos de níquel
Jabbour, Karam. "Combined and dry reforming of methane on new Ni0/diatoms and mesoporous Ni0/alumina catalysts". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066345.
Dry and combined (steam and dry) reforming of methane are two processes for the conversion of CH4 and CO2 gases emitted from the decomposition of biomass into gaseous mixtures with controllable H2:CO (syngas) molar ratios: value of 1 in the case of dry or around 2 for combined reforming. Nickel based catalysts are found as promising candidates for these reactions displaying high intrinsic activity, lower cost and wider availability than noble metal based materials but deactivating by sintering and/or coke deposition. Stabilization and confinement (occlusion) of small metallic Ni0 nanoparticles within structured (i.e. Al2O3 and SiO2) porous oxide frameworks is one of the recent methods to overcome the deactivation in dry reforming but has not yet been considered under harsh combined reforming (high T and steam) conditions. The main objective of this work was to synthetize, characterize and test new stable catalysts for reforming reactions: (i) based on natural, cheap and widely available macroporous silica diatom oxide as support for Ni- and (ii) synthetized by various methods for control of dispersion and stability inside mesoporous alumina and silica. One-pot mesoporous alumina being the most stable catalysts in combined reforming, some modifiers (MgO or CaO) were added in order not only to get stable catalysts but also to minimize coke formation during long-term (40h) combined reforming reaction
Jabbour, Karam. "Combined and dry reforming of methane on new Ni0/diatoms and mesoporous Ni0/alumina catalysts". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066345.
Dry and combined (steam and dry) reforming of methane are two processes for the conversion of CH4 and CO2 gases emitted from the decomposition of biomass into gaseous mixtures with controllable H2:CO (syngas) molar ratios: value of 1 in the case of dry or around 2 for combined reforming. Nickel based catalysts are found as promising candidates for these reactions displaying high intrinsic activity, lower cost and wider availability than noble metal based materials but deactivating by sintering and/or coke deposition. Stabilization and confinement (occlusion) of small metallic Ni0 nanoparticles within structured (i.e. Al2O3 and SiO2) porous oxide frameworks is one of the recent methods to overcome the deactivation in dry reforming but has not yet been considered under harsh combined reforming (high T and steam) conditions. The main objective of this work was to synthetize, characterize and test new stable catalysts for reforming reactions: (i) based on natural, cheap and widely available macroporous silica diatom oxide as support for Ni- and (ii) synthetized by various methods for control of dispersion and stability inside mesoporous alumina and silica. One-pot mesoporous alumina being the most stable catalysts in combined reforming, some modifiers (MgO or CaO) were added in order not only to get stable catalysts but also to minimize coke formation during long-term (40h) combined reforming reaction
Izquierdo, Colorado Armando. "Reforming of model biogas mixtures at moderate temperatures over Ni-containing catalysts". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS147.
The increasing concern about the possible dramatic effects of greenhouse gases emissions to our atmosphere, is leading to propose sustainable alternatives, aiming either capture/storage or capture/utilization of CO2. Among the different technologies, dry reforming of methane has attracted much attention in the past decades because it consumes two of main greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) and convert them into useful chemical building blocks. In this context, biogas is another CH4-rich source, containing also non-negligible amounts of CO2, therefore, it can be upgraded into hydrogen and/or synthesis gas, as a renewable carbon source for the synthesis of alternative and carbon-neutral liquid fuels. Nickel-containing catalysts have been considered for methane reforming and its partial oxidation. This is due to its high activity and low cost. However, the sintering and carbon formation, producing catalyst deactivation. Thus, this PhD research focuses on proposing new strategies towards increasing the activity, selectivity and stability of Nickel-containing catalysts for their application in the reforming of biogas model mixtures. These strategies include the use of different supports aiming at increasing their interaction with the active nickel-phase and improving its dispersion and stability. Moreover, different approaches for the deposition of this Ni-phase and its activation have been investigated. The results were correlated with multiple characterizations, such as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), NH3 and CO2-temperature programmed desorption (CO2-TPD, NH3-TPD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
Chamoumi, Mostafa. "Nouvelle génération de catalyseurs supportés par valorisation d'un résidu d'enrichissement (procédé UGS) d'une scorie de TiO2 : le catalyseur Ni-UGSO appliqué au reformage de méthane". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10379.