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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Methane Conversion - Hydrogen”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Methane Conversion - Hydrogen"

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Kushch, S. D., V. E. Muradyan i N. S. Kuyunko. "Methane Conversion over Vacuum Carbon Black: Influence of Hydrogen". Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 3, nr 3 (5.07.2017): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj560.

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<p>Methane pyrolysis over vacuum carbon black has been studied in the temperature range 550–1000 °C. The methane conversion degree and selectivity with respect to ethene and propene do not depend on the initial concentration of methane <em>i.e. </em>the process order with respect to methane is first. The selectivity with respect to pyrolytic carbon is antibate to the methane initial concentration. Hydrogen introduced to methane inhibits formation of pyrolytic carbon and aromatics especially in methane pyrolysis. The methane conversion degree in pyrolysis of methane/hydrogen mixture is inversely proportional to the initial concentration of hydrogen while the selectivity with respect to ethene being symbate to the one. A hypothesis on the reason of inhibition of pyrolytic carbon formation by hydrogen is proposed. Methane pyrolysis is a homogeneous-heterogeneous reaction up to 850°C, but homogeneous reaction is prevalent at the temperature range of maximal selectivity with respect to alkenes.</p>

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Vodopyanov A.V., Mansfeld D.A., Sintsov S.V., Kornev R.A., Preobrazhensky E.I., Chekmarev N.V. i Remez M.A. "Plasmolysis of methane using a high-frequency plasma torch". Technical Physics Letters 48, nr 12 (2022): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/tpl.2022.12.54942.19383.

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The possibility of converting methane into hydrogen using a high-frequency induction plasma torch at the atmospheric pressure has been experimentally studied. The dependencies of the degree of methane conversion and the rate of hydrogen production were studied depending on the process conditions. It has been demonstrated that the degree of the methane-to-hydrogen conversion can reach values close to 100%. Keywords: methane plasmolysis, HF plasma torch, hydrogen.

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Jin, Zhu, Liang Wang, Erik Zuidema, Kartick Mondal, Ming Zhang, Jian Zhang, Chengtao Wang i in. "Hydrophobic zeolite modification for in situ peroxide formation in methane oxidation to methanol". Science 367, nr 6474 (9.01.2020): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw1108.

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Selective partial oxidation of methane to methanol suffers from low efficiency. Here, we report a heterogeneous catalyst system for enhanced methanol productivity in methane oxidation by in situ generated hydrogen peroxide at mild temperature (70°C). The catalyst was synthesized by fixation of AuPd alloy nanoparticles within aluminosilicate zeolite crystals, followed by modification of the external surface of the zeolite with organosilanes. The silanes appear to allow diffusion of hydrogen, oxygen, and methane to the catalyst active sites, while confining the generated peroxide there to enhance its reaction probability. At 17.3% conversion of methane, methanol selectivity reached 92%, corresponding to methanol productivity up to 91.6 millimoles per gram of AuPd per hour.

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Водопьянов, А. В., Д. А. Мансфельд, С. В. Синцов, Р. А. Корнев, Е. И. Преображенский, Н. В. Чекмарев i М. А. Ремез. "Плазмолиз метана при помощи высокочастотного плазмотрона". Письма в журнал технической физики 48, nr 23 (2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2022.23.53950.19383.

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The possibility of converting methane into hydrogen using a high-frequency induction plasma torch at atmospheric pressure has been experimentally studied. The dependencies of the degree of methane conversion and the rate of hydrogen production were studied depending on the process conditions. It has been demonstrated that the degree of conversion of methane to hydrogen can reach values close to 100%.

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Myltykbayeva, L. K., K. Dossumov, G. E. Yergaziyeva, M. M. Telbayeva, А. Zh Zhanatova, N. А. Assanov, N. Makayeva i Zh Shaimerden. "Catalysts for methane conversion process". BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Chemistry. Geography. Ecology Series 134, nr 1 (2021): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6771-2021-134-1-44-53.

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The article describes current trends in the catalytic processing of natural gas such as partial and deep, also steam oxidation of methane and methane decomposition. Kazakhstan is rich in large energy resources. Therefore, it is important to create new gas chemical technologies that will allow gas resources to produce valuable chemical products. Currently, processes based on these reactions have not been introduced into production. There are highlighted catalyst systems for each reaction that provides good performance. The oxide catalysts based on metals of variable valency are effective in all processes. In the future, it is important to increase the activity of these catalysts. The catalysts were prepared by impregnating the carrier capillary (γ-Al2O3) by incipient wetness and subsequently dried at 2000C (2 h) and calcination at 5000C for three hours. In this article, a catalyst based on nickel-zirconium (3%NiО-2%ZrО2) is active in the partial oxidation of methane to obtain synthesis gas. On this catalyst, the reaction products are H2 - 60.5 vol.%, CO - 30.5 vol.%. On a 3%NiО-7%Со2О3-0,5%Сe2O3 catalyst in the reaction of DRY conversion methane 95.6% and the yield of hydrogen and carbon monoxide is 47.0 and 45.9 vol%, respectively. 29.6% methane is converted even at low temperatures (350°C) on catalyst 3%NiО-2%СеО2/γ-Al2O3 modified with cerium oxide in the reaction of deep oxidation of methane. Iron-based catalysts for the reaction of decomposition of methane to hydrogen gas are effective. On 5 wt.% Fe/ɣ-Al2O3 catalyst at 700°C of reaction of methane conversion was 2%, with an increase in the reaction temperature to 850°C, the methane conversion reached 13%, and the hydrogen yield is increased to 5.8 vol.%.

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Marquardt, Tobias, Sebastian Wendt i Stephan Kabelac. "Impact of Carbon Dioxide on the Non-Catalytic Thermal Decomposition of Methane". ChemEngineering 5, nr 1 (3.03.2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering5010012.

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Economically and ecologically, the thermal decomposition of methane is a promising process for large scale hydrogen production. In this experimental study, the non-catalytic decomposition of methane in the presence of small amounts of carbon dioxide was analyzed. At large scales, natural gas or biomethane are possible feedstocks for the thermal decomposition and can obtain up to 5% carbon dioxide. Gas recycling can increase the amount of secondary components even further. Experiments were conducted in a packed flow reactor at temperatures from 1250 to 1350 K. The residence time and the amounts of carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the feed were varied. A methane conversion of up to 55.4% and a carbon dioxide conversion of up to 44.1% were observed. At 1300 K the hydrogen yield was 95% for a feed of methane diluted in nitrogen. If carbon dioxide was added to the feed at up to a tenth with regard to the amount of supplied methane, the hydrogen yield was reduced to 85%. Hydrogen in the feed decreases the reaction rate of the methane decomposition and increases the carbon dioxide conversion.

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Wang, Chang Mei, Wu Di Zhang, Yu Bao Chen, Fang Yin, Shi Qing Liu, Xing Lin Zhao i Jing Liu. "The Efficiency of Material Utilization and Energy Conversion of Biogas Fermentation by Annua". Advanced Materials Research 621 (grudzień 2012): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.621.273.

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This paper used annua as material to do a biogas fermentation experiment. The result suggests that biogas-fermentation by pretreated annua is a preferable approach compared with methane production followed by hydrogen production, only methane production, or only hydrogen production, due to its decreasing overall fermentation time, and increasing material utilization efficiency and energy conversion efficiency. It shows that the TS and VS utilization ratio of first hydrogen production then methane production is higher than that of first methane production then hydrogen production.

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Belikov, A. E., V. A. Mal’tsev, O. A. Nerushev, S. A. Novopashin, S. Z. Sakhapov i D. V. Smovzh. "Methane conversion into hydrogen and carbon nanostructures". Journal of Engineering Thermophysics 19, nr 1 (16.02.2010): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1810232810010042.

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Zhao, Te, Chusheng Chen i Hong Ye. "CFD Simulation of Hydrogen Generation and Methane Combustion Inside a Water Splitting Membrane Reactor". Energies 14, nr 21 (1.11.2021): 7175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217175.

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Hydrogen production from water splitting remains difficult due to the low equilibrium constant (e.g., Kp ≈ 2 × 10−8 at 900 °C). The coupling of methane combustion with water splitting in an oxygen transport membrane reactor can shift the water splitting equilibrium toward dissociation by instantaneously removing O2 from the product, enabling the continuous process of water splitting and continuous generation of hydrogen, and the heat required for water splitting can be largely compensated for by methane combustion. In this work, a CFD simulation model for the coupled membrane reactor was developed and validated. The effects of the sweep gas flow rate, methane content and inlet temperature on the reactor performance were investigated. It was found that coupling of methane combustion with water splitting could significantly improve the hydrogen generation capacity of the membrane reactor. Under certain conditions, the average hydrogen yield with methane combustion could increase threefold compared to methods that used no coupling of combustion. The methane conversion decreases while the hydrogen yield increases with the increase in sweep gas flow rate or methane content. Excessive methane is required to ensure the hydrogen yield of the reactor. Increasing the inlet temperature can increase the membrane temperature, methane conversion, oxygen permeation rate and hydrogen yield.

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Le, Thong Nguyen-Minh, Thu Bao Nguyen Le, Phat Tan Nguyen, Trang Thuy Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Tran, Toan The Nguyen, Yoshiyuki Kawazoe, Thang Bach Phan i Duc Manh Nguyen. "Insight into the direct conversion of methane to methanol on modified ZIF-204 from the perspective of DFT-based calculations". RSC Advances 13, nr 23 (2023): 15926–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra02650g.

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Catalytic oxidation of methane to methanol over oxo-doped ZIF-204 can occur with negligible transition energy barriers. High charge of the doped oxo is effective for methane capturing via hydrogen bonds and for C–H σ-bond weakening.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Methane Conversion - Hydrogen"

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Congiu, Brian Alexander. "Conversion of Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen into Methane in Bench-scale Microcosms and Packed Column Reactors". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1292783980.

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Tong, Andrew S. "Application of the Moving-Bed Syngas Chemical Looping Process for High Syngas and Methane Conversion and Hydrogen Generation". The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1390774129.

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Luo, Siwei. "Conversion of Carbonaceous Fuel to Electricity, Hydrogen, and Chemicals via Chemical Looping Technology - Reaction Kinetics and Bench-Scale Demonstration". The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397573499.

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FERRERO, DOMENICO. "Design, development and testing of SOEC-based Power-to-Gas systems for conversion and storage of RES into synthetic methane". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2645377.

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International and national initiatives are promoting the worldwide transition of energy systems towards power production mixes increasingly based on Renewable Energy Sources (RES). The integration of large shares of RES into the actual electricity infrastructure is representing a challenge for the power grids due to the fluctuating characteristics of RES. The adoption of long-term, large-scale Electric Energy Storage (EES) is envisaged as the key-option for promoting the integration of RES in the electricity sector by overcoming the issue of temporal and spatial decoupling of electricity supply and demand. Among the several EES options, one of the most promising is the conversion of energy from the electrical into the chemical form through the synthesis of H2 and synthetic natural gas (SNG) in Power-to-Gas (P2G) systems based on the electrolysis of water (and also CO2) in Solid Oxide Cells (SOCs). The application of SOC technology in P2G solutions shows attractiveness for the high efficiency of high-temperature electrolysis and the flexibility of SOCs that can operate reversibly as electrolyzers or fuel cells (rSOC) and can directly perform the electrochemical conversion of CO2 and H2O to syngas by co-electrolysis. The capability of reversible operation also allows the application of SOC-based systems to Power-to-Power (P2P) concepts designed for deferred electricity production. This dissertation is focused on the investigation of electricity storage using Power-to-Gas/Power systems based on SOCs. The aim of this Thesis has been the investigation of the thermo-electrochemical behavior of SOCs integrated P2G/P2P systems, with the purpose to identify the system configuration and the operating conditions that ensure the most efficient electricity-to-SNG (P2G) or electricity-to-electricity (P2P) conversion within the thermal limits imposed by state-of-the art SOC materials. To this purpose, a detailed thermo-electrochemical model of an SOC has been developed at cell level, validated on experimental data, extended at stack level and coupled with models of the main P2G/P2P components for the system analysis. Model validation was performed through the characterization of planar commercial SOCs in the reversible operation as electrolyzers (SOEC) and fuel cells (SOFC) with H2/H2O and CO/CO2 fuel mixtures at different reactant fractions and temperatures. The physical consistency of electrode kinetic parameters evaluated from the model was verified with the support of literature studies. The investigation of SOC-based P2P and P2G solutions was performed using the models developed. Three different configurations were analyzed and simulated: 1) hydrogen-based P2P with rSOC, 2) SOEC-based electricity storage into hydrogen with subsequent SNG production by methanation with CO2 and 3) electricity storage by co-electrolysis of water and carbon dioxide with SOEC for syngas production and subsequent upgrading to SNG by methanation. The performance of the P2P system was thoroughly assessed by analyzing the effects of rSOC stack operating parameters (inlet gas temperature, oxidant-to-fuel ratio, oxidant recirculation rate, cell current) and system configurations (pressurized/ambient rSOC operation, air/oxygen as oxidant/sweep fluid) on stack and system efficiency. The analysis allowed to identify the most efficient configuration of the P2P system, and to select the feasible operating currents (i.e., the currents included within the limits given by the physical thermal constraints of SOC materials) for which the highest roundtrip efficiency is achieved. Pressurized rSOC operation (10 bar) with pure oxygen as oxidant/sweep gas and full recirculation of the oxidant flow ensured the highest charging and discharging effectiveness, with a system roundtrip efficiency of 72% when the stack is operating at the maximum efficiency currents (-1.3 A/cm2 in SOEC and 0.3 A/cm2 in SOFC). A dynamic analysis was performed on the rSOC to determine the characteristic times of the thermal response of an SRU coupled with variable loads. The analysis showed that the SOEC is intrinsically more suitable to work with variable loads thanks to the balance between reaction endothermicity and losses exothermicity that reduces the magnitude and the rate of temperature fluctuations originated by current variations. A case study was presented to show the application of P2P with fluctuating RES. In the case study, the sizing of an rSOC-based P2P system designed for the minimization of the imbalance (i.e., the difference between effective and forecasted electricity production) of a 1 MW grid-connected wind farm was performed. An optimal number of cells was found, for which the imbalance is reduced by 77 %. The estimated roundtrip efficiency of the optimal-size P2P system coupled with the wind farm was 54 %. The P2G systems analyzed are composed by three main sections: a hydrogen/syngas production and storage section based on an SOEC stack; a methanation section based on chemical reactors; and an SNG conditioning section for the upgrading of the produced SNG to grid-injection quality. The design and operating conditions of the SOEC section were selected following the results of the analysis performed on the P2P system, and the SNG production section was designed on the basis of a commercial methanation process based on catalytic reactors. The plant efficiency evaluated by simulations was 65.4% for the H2-based P2G and 65.5% for the co-electrolysis based P2G without considering cogeneration or thermal integration between plant sections. Even if the efficiencies were similar for the two P2G configurations, the storage capacity of the H2-based P2G plant was higher, because of the higher operating current achieved by the SOEC stack. The results suggested that even if the co-electrolysis based P2G system presents a slightly higher efficiency, the choice of a H2-based P2G option can ensure a better exploitation of the installed capacity, and also eliminates the risks of carbon-deposition in the stack related to the use of carbon containing mixtures and of stack poisoning related to contaminants potentially present in CO2 streams (e.g., hydrogen sulphide). A case study assessing the effect of H2S poisoning of the SOEC stack on the P2G system performance was also presented. The results presented in this Thesis demonstrated that hydrogen-based P2P with rSOCs is the most efficient solution for local RES storage among the different SOC-based EES options investigated. The high values of roundtrip efficiency achieved demonstrated the competitiveness of rSOC-based P2P also with other large-scale EES options (PHS, CAES). The hydrogen-based P2P is however constrained to on-site applications due to the lack of a hydrogen transport infrastructure, while P2G solutions offer the possibility of transferring the electricity stored in the SNG form through the existing natural gas infrastructure, and also allow the direct use of SNG in already existing technologies (i.e., for mobility, heating, etc.), providing the technological bridge for transferring RES power to other markets different from the electrical one.

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Mrad, Mary. "La production d'hydrogène via la valorisation de la biomasse par reformage catalytique du méthanol". Thesis, Littoral, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DUNK0409.

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Dans le but d'étudier la production d'hydrogène via la réaction de vaporeformage catalytique du méthanol et de déterminer les différents paramètres influençant la réaction, la performance des catalyseurs Cu-Zn/CeO₂-Al₂O₃ a été évaluée. L'imprégnation du cuivre sur la cérine ou l'alumine, montre de meilleurs performances catalytiques que le zinc imprégné sur ces mêmes supports. En présence de la cérine, l'activité a été liée à la dispersion des espèces Cu²⁺ isolés en interaction avec la matrice, qui se réduisent dans la phase de prétraitement du catalyseur. En présence de l'alumine, des espèces spinelles CuAl₂O₄ très stables et non réduites ont été formées rendant les catalyseurs moins actifs. Concernant les catalyseurs à base de cuivre imprégné sur l'oxyde mixte 10Ce10Al, la présence de l'alumine a favorisé la dispersion de la cérine à sa surface améliorant ainsi l'échange d'oxygène entre la phase active et le support sans marquer une influence sur l'espèce active. Les agglomérats de CuO formés sur les catalyseurs à forte teneur en cuivre ont contribué à la diminution de formation de sous produits durant la réaction. L'effet promoteur du zinc a été révélé en stabilisant le cuivre réduit au cours du test sous forme d'espèces Cu⁺ qui sont les plus actives dans la réaction de vaporeformage du méthanol. Tous les catalyseurs à base de cuivre n'ont révélé aucune présence de coke à leur surface, contrairement aux catalyseurs à base de zinc où des espèces carbonées ont été identifiées. La désactivation du catalyseur avec le temps a été attribuée à la formation de ces espèces, qui bloquent l'accessibilité des sites actifs du catalyseur
In order to study the hydrogen production via the catalytic steam reforming of methanol and to determine the influence of different parameter on this reaction, the performance of the Cu-Zn/CeO₂-Al₂O₃ catalysts was evaluated. The impregnation of copper over ceria or alumina has shown better catalytic performance than the impregnation of the zinc on the same supports. In the presence of ceria, the catalytic activity has been related to the dispersion of isolated Cu²⁺ species in interaction with the matrix, which were reduced during the pre-treatment phase of the catalyst. In the presence of alumina, stable and unreduced CuAl₂O₄ spinal species were formed, leading to a lower catalytic activity. Concerning the copper based catalysts impregnated on 10Ce10Al mixed oxide, the presence of alumina has promoted the dispersion of the ceria that enhances the oxygen exchange between the active phase and the support without influencing the active phase. The agglomerated CuO species formed in the catalysts with the high copper content have contributed to lower the by-product formation during the reaction. The promoter effect of the zinc was revealed by the stabilisation of the reduced copper into Cu⁺ species that are the most active species in the steam reforming of methanol reaction. No coke formation was revealed on the copper based catalysts, unlike the zinc based catalysts where carbon species were identified. The catalytic deactivation with time on stream was attributed to the formation of those species that blocks the accessibility of the catalytic active sites

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Guenot, Benoit. "Etude de matériaux catalytiques pour la conversion électrochimique de l'énergie Clean hydrogen generation from the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol inside a proton exchange membrane electrolysis cell (PEMEC): effect of methanol concentration and working temperature Electrochemical reforming of Dimethoxymethane in a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis Cell: a way to generate clean hydrogen for low temperature fuel cells". Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENCM0004.

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L’hydrogène est un vecteur énergétique prometteur réalisant une très bonne synergie avec l’exploitation des sources d’énergie intermittentes telles que le solaire ou l’éolien. Le développement de ses moyens de production et de conversion électrochimique représente un enjeu majeur dans le contexte de transition énergétique dans lequel nous vivons aujourd’hui. Les piles à combustible et les électrolyseurs utilisant la technologie PEM (Membrane Echangeuse de Protons) sont des systèmes électrochimiques de conversion de l’énergie matures tandis que les systèmes réversibles capables de remplir ces deux fonctions – les piles à combustible régénératrices unitaires – sont encore à l’état de développement. Leur principal verrou technologique est la conception d’une électrode bifonctionnelle à oxygène. Les matériaux catalytiques mis en œuvre dans ces systèmes sont principalement des métaux nobles et il convient d’en réduire autant que possible la charge massique dans les électrodes pour diminuer le coût des systèmes. Trois aspects complémentaires ont été développés lors de ces travaux de thèse. D’une part, des oxydes d’iridium et de ruthénium ont été élaborés par voie hydrothermale afin de catalyser la génération d’oxygène en fonctionnement électrolyseur. D’autre part, des catalyseurs à base de platine supportés sur des matériaux non carbonés, en particulier le nitrure de titane, ont été synthétisés par des voies colloïdales, afin de catalyser la réduction de l’oxygène en fonctionnement pile à combustible. L’association de ces matériaux est une première étape vers la conception d’une électrode bifonctionnelle à oxygène. Le troisième point se concentre sur la production de l’hydrogène et propose une alternative à l’oxydation de l’eau. L’oxydation électrochimique de composés organiques tels que le méthanol ou le diméthoxyméthane à l’aide de catalyseurs à base de platine et de ruthénium métallique permet la production d’hydrogène de grande pureté avec une consommation d’énergie électrique moindre par rapport à l’électrolyse de l’eau
Hydrogen is a promising energy vector, particularly for energy storage from intermittent energy sources such as solar or wind. The development of its production methods and its electrochemical conversion represents a major challenge in the context of energy transition in which we live nowadays. Fuel cells and electrolyzers using PEM technology (Proton Exchange Membrane) are mature electrochemical energy conversion systems, while reversible systems capable of performing both functions – unitized regenerative fuel cells – are still in the early stage of development. Their main technological bottleneck is the design of a bifunctional oxygen electrode. The catalytic materials used in these systems are mainly noble metals and it is necessary to reduce as much as possible their loading in the electrodes to decrease the system cost. Three complementary aspects have been developed during this thesis. On the one hand, iridium and ruthenium oxides have been prepared by hydrothermal treatment in order to catalyze the oxygen evolution under electrolyzer operation. On the other hand, platinum-based catalysts supported on non-carbonaceous materials, especially titanium nitride, have been synthesized by colloidal routes, in order to catalyze the oxygen reduction under fuel cell operation. The combination of these materials is the first step towards the design of a bifunctional oxygen electrode. The third topic focuses on the production of hydrogen and proposes an alternative to the oxidation of water. The electrochemical oxidation of organic compounds such as methanol or dimethoxymethane using platinum and ruthenium based catalysts allows producing clean hydrogen with a lower electrical energy consumption compared to the electrolysis of water

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Dias, Probst Luiz Fernando. "Etude de la conversion des oxydes de carbone en hydrocarbures et en alcools en présence de catalyseurs au Nickel et Molybdène supportés". Poitiers, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989POIT2297.

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Kirchberger, Felix [Verfasser], Johannes A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Lercher, Johannes A. [Gutachter] Lercher, Gary L. [Gutachter] Haller i Klaus [Gutachter] Köhler. "Formation and reactions of hydrogen-deficient species during the conversion of methanol and dimethyl ether on MFI zeolites / Felix Kirchberger ; Gutachter: Johannes A. Lercher, Gary L. Haller, Klaus Köhler ; Betreuer: Johannes A. Lercher". München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1193177723/34.

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Mohammed, Saad Abdul Basset. "Caracterisation par spectroscopie ft-ir de l'adsorption et de la reactivite de composes sulfures sur alumine : effet de l'ajout de sodium". Caen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CAEN2030.

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La spectroscopie ft-ir est appliquee a l'etude des proprietes superficielles d'echantillons d'alumine, a la determination de la nature des especes donnees par l'adsorption de composes soufres et a la recherche des intermediaires de reaction pouvant expliquer le mecanisme du procede de claus. L'addition de na**(+), diminue l'acidite de lewis de l'alumine. L'acidite de broensted induite par la presence des especes sulfate est certainement cause de la desactivation de l'alumine dans la reaction de conversion oxydante de h::(2)s. Cas, aussi, de l'adsorption sur de la silice sodee

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Chang, Wan-Yu, i 張琬渝. "Conversion of Methane for Producing Hydrogen Using a MW Plasma/Ni Catalysts Hybrid Reactor". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87062698437471354097.

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碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
化學工程系碩士班
96
Direct conversion of methane to hydrogen is usually performed by using high temperature catalysts. In this study, pyrolysis and steam reforming of methane to hydrogen-rich fuel in an atmospheric-pressure microwave plasma/Ni-catalyst hybrid system were demonstrated. The effects of operational parameters, including with/without catalysts coupled with applied power, inlet CH4 concentration and inlet H2O/CH4 molar ratio on the conversion of methane, selectivity of hydrogen, and energy consumption were discussed. Experimental results showed that the nickel catalysts could be heated to 750℃ by the effluents that flowed through the discharge zone. At plasma/catalyst pyrolysis condition, a higher conversion of methane, and selectivity of hydrogen and carbon black were achieved than that of without catalyst environment, reaching 93.2%, 86.6%, and 49.5%, respectively, at 1400 W, [CH4]in = 5%, and 12 slm. However, a lower energy consumption was carried out at a lower applied power or a higher inlet methane concentration, being 10 eV/molecule-H2 at 800 W, [CH4]in = 15%, 12 slm. The results for steam reforming of methane showed that the conversion of methane and selectivity of hydrogen were not affected apparently regardless of the usage of catalyst, while the selectivity of hydrogen was higher than that of by pyrolysis of methane. At inlet H2O/CH4 ratio = 3, 1000 W, [CH4]in = 5%, 12 slm, the selectivity of hydrogen was as high as 95.1% with the conversion of methane and selectivity of carbon black being 88.6% and 60.6%, respectively. The gaseous byproducts were C2H2 (minor) with trace of HCN and C2H4 for the plasmalysis of methane, as well as were CO and C2H2 (minor) with trace of CO2, C2H4 and HCN for the steaming reforming of methane. The solid byproduct was mainly carbon black for either pyrolysis or steam reforming reaction. The structure of elliptic/spherical carbon black particles was graphite-rhombohedral with a particle size of about 30-40 nm. Keywords: Microwave Discharge, Nickel Catalysts, Methane, Pyrolysis, Steam Reforming, Hydrogen, Carbon black

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Części książek na temat "Methane Conversion - Hydrogen"

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Larson, Eric D., i Ryan E. Katofsky. "Production of Hydrogen and Methanol via Biomass Gasification". W Advances in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 495–510. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1336-6_37.

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Hargreaves, Justin S. J., Graham J. Hutchings i Richard W. Joyner. "Hydrogen Production in Methane Coupling Over Magnesium Oxide". W Natural Gas Conversion, 155–59. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(08)60075-0.

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Winarta, Joseph, Andra Yung i Bin Mu. "Hydrogen and methane storage in nanoporous materials". W Nanoporous Materials for Molecule Separation and Conversion, 327–50. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818487-5.00010-8.

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Kikuchi, E., S. Uemiya i T. Matsuda. "Hydrogen Production from Methane Steam Reforming Assisted by Use of Membrane Reactor". W Natural Gas Conversion, 509–15. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(08)60117-2.

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Otsuka, K., A. Mito, S. Takenaka i I. Yamanaka. "Production and storage of hydrogen from methane mediated by metal oxides". W Natural Gas Conversion VI, 215–20. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(01)80306-2.

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de Klerk, Arno, i Vinay Prasad. "Methane for Transportation Fuel and Chemical Production". W Materials for a Sustainable Future, 327–84. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781849734073-00327.

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Methane is the main component of natural gas. Natural gas is an important energy carrier for distributed heating and transportation applications and it is the most efficient carbon source for the production of synthesis gas (H2+CO). The value of natural gas lies in its high H:C ratio, low heteroatom content and fluid nature. Sustainability is best served by restricting the use of methane for distributed and mobile energy applications, where the clean-up of combustion gases is impractical or infeasible, and also for the synthesis of hydrogen-rich products. For the production of fuels and chemicals, both direct methods, such as liquefied natural gas, and indirect methods, such as methanol and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, are considered. Guidelines for sustainability as applied to gas-to-liquids conversion are provided. The processes and the refining requirements to produce on-specification transportation fuels are discussed. The processes for petrochemical and lubricant production from methane are likewise discussed.

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Borry, Richard W., Eric C. Lu, Young-Ho Kim i Enrique Iglesia. "Non-oxidative catalytic conversion of methane with continuous hydrogen removal". W Natural Gas Conversion V, Proceedings ofthe 5th International Natural Gas Conversion Symposium,, 403–10. Elsevier, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(98)80465-5.

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Galuszka, J., i D. Liu. "Methane to syngas: Development of non-coking catalyst and hydrogen-permselective membrane". W Natural Gas Conversion VI, 363–68. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(01)80330-x.

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Choudhary, T. V., C. Sivadinarayana, A. Klinghoffer i D. W. Goodman. "Catalytic Decomposition of Methane: Towards Production of CO-free Hydrogen for Fuel Cells". W Natural Gas Conversion VI, 197–202. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(01)80303-7.

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Steinberg, M. "THE DIRECT USE OF NATURAL GAS (METHANE) FOR CONVERSION OF CARBONACEOUS RAW MATERIALS TO FUELS AND CHEMICAL FEEDSTOCKS". W Hydrogen Systems, 217–28. Elsevier, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-8375-3.50081-3.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Methane Conversion - Hydrogen"

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Wang, Feng, Jing Zhou i Qiang Wen. "Transport Mechanism of Methane Steam Reforming on Fixed Bed Catalyst Heated by High Temperature Helium for Hydrogen Production: A CFD Investigation". W 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67641.

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Performance of methane steam reforming reactor heated by helium for hydrogen production has been studied by numerical method. Results show with the increasing of reactant gas inlet velocity, temperature in the reactor drops, leading to the decreasing of methane conversion and hydrogen production rate. Methane conversion, hydrogen production and hydrogen production rate rise with the increasing of reactant gas inlet temperature, while the increasing degree of system thermal efficiency reduces. Besides, with helium inlet velocity rising, temperature in the reactor increases and reaction in the reactor becomes more sufficient. Therefore, methane conversion and hydrogen production also increase when helium inlet temperature of rises, but its influence is weaker compared to that of helium inlet velocity. In the process of methane steam reforming heated by high temperature gas cooled reactor (HTGR) for hydrogen production, lower reactant gas inlet velocity, suitable inlet temperature, higher inlet velocity and higher HTGR outlet temperature of helium are preferable.

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Sanches, Lucas, i Armando Caldeira-Pires. "Power-to-Gas Technological Systems: Conversion of Electricity in Hydrogen and Methane". W 25th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2019.cob2019-0509.

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Bade Shrestha, S. O., i G. A. Karim. "Hydrogen as an additive to methane for spark ignition engine applications". W IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203). IEEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecec.1997.661890.

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Liu, Shiyun, Danhua Mei i Xin Tu. "Conversion of methane into hydrogen and C2 hydrocarbons in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor". W 2015 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2015.7179786.

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Yan, Keju, Qingwang Yuan, Xiangyu Jie, Xiaoqiang Li, Juske Horita i Jacob Stephens. "Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Heating for Enhanced Clean Hydrogen Generation from Methane Cracking in Shale Rocks". W SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210292-ms.

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Abstract Steam methane reforming (SMR) technology generates about 95% hydrogen (H2) in the United States using natural gas as a main feedstock. While hydrogen is clean, the process of hydrogen generation via SMR is not, as it emits about 10 times more carbon dioxide (CO2) than hydrogen. The CO2 has to be captured and sequestrated in reservoirs or aquifer systems, which is costly. A revolutionary approach is to generate and extract hydrogen directly from petroleum reservoirs by taking advantage of the abundant unrecovered hydrocarbons in reservoirs. This approach does not involve natural gas production, transportation, or refinery. Meanwhile, the CO2, if generated, will be sequestrated simultaneously in reservoirs without being produced to surface. This approach is therefore potentially low cost and environmentally friendly. In this paper, we propose to use microwave-assisted catalytic heating to enhance methane conversion to hydrogen within shale gas reservoirs. To validate this concept, we conducted a series of experiments to crack methane streams flowing through shale rock samples and powders in a microwave reactor. With silicon carbide (SiC) as the microwave receptor, the temperature of shale samples can quickly reach to above 700 °. The methane conversion efficiency is up to 40.5% and 100% in the presence of Fe and Fe3O4 catalysts at the measured temperature of 500° and 600 °, respectively. Interestingly, the presence of shale is favorable for methane cracking at a relatively lower temperature compared to the case with the same weight percentage of SiO2 in heated samples. The thermal decomposition of carbonate in shale rocks also benefits the improvement of permeability of shale. The influences of different shale weight ratios and methane flow rates are also investigated.

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Ale, B. B., i I. Wierzba. "The flammability limits of hydrogen and methane in air at moderately elevated temperatures". W IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203). IEEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecec.1997.661895.

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Kuznetsov, Vladmir V., Oleg V. Vitovsky i Stanislav P. Kozlov. "Heat and Mass Transfer With Chemical Reactions Producing Hydrogen in Microchannels". W ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2011-58203.

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The reduction of effective transfer length on microscale eliminates the external diffusion limitation on reaction rate and makes it possible to realize the non-equilibrium chemical reactions. The peculiarities of methane and carbon monoxide steam reforming in a minichannel reactor with activation of reactions on thin film catalyst prepared by nanotechnology are considered in this paper. Consistent accomplishment of these reactions can increase the hydrogen yield and reduce the concentration of carbon monoxide in the product. Steam reforming of methane was studied on Rh/Al2O3 nanocatalyst deposited on the inner wall of the annular minichannel. Steam reforming of carbon monoxide was studied at Pt/CeO2/Al2O3 nanocatalyst deposited on the walls of the minichannel plate. The procedure of catalyst preparation which makes the nanoparticles of two nanometers in size is developed. The catalyst has uniform fraction of nanoparticles and optimal oxygen mobility in the lattice of carrier. During tests the data on the composition of the reacting gas mixture in temperature range from 200 C to 940 C were obtained including data on conversion in controlled temperature field when hydrogen content in the product reaches 68% and carbon monoxide content reduces to 1%. Methane steam reforming and water gas shift reaction in the minichannel were modeled numerically. The detailed information on the temperature and species concentration fields has been obtained, and kinetics of multistage reactions was defined when the external heat is supplied to proceed the steam reforming. The temperature regimes of high conversion of methane and carbon monoxide were defined and discussed in connection with the experimental data.

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Kuo, Wei-Chih, C. Thomas Avedisian i Wing Tsang. "Conversion of Glycerine to Synthesis Gas and Methane by Film Boiling". W ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64449.

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This paper presents a new approach for promoting thermal decomposition reaction of subcooled liquids. It is based on establishing film boiling of the liquid. The process is illustrated by converting aqueous glycerine to synthesis gas (a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen) and methane. A horizontal tube is immersed into a pool of aqueous glycerine (water weight fractions of 3% and 10%) and film boiling is established on the tube. Because of the large temperature drop that occurs across the vapor film that surrounds the tube, the potential exists to drive pyrolytic or thermal cracking reactions at high temperature but in a comparatively cold bulk liquid. The reaction products are transported away from the tube under the action of buoyancy. The reactor volume essentially forms by itself solely as a result of heating the tube.

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Eilers, Benn, Vinod Narayanan, Sourabh Apte i John Schmitt. "Steam-Methane Reforming in a Microchannel Under Constant and Variable Axial Surface Temperature Profiles". W ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44390.

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An experimental study of steam methane reforming in a microchannel is presented. Palladium nanoparticles, deposited on a porous aluminized FeCrAlY felt, served as catalyst sites for the reforming reactions. Parametric studies of steam-methane ratio, residence time, average reactor temperature, and temperature distribution were performed. Results demonstrated in excess 60 percent conversion of methane at an average reactor temperature of 900°C and the lowest experimented residence time of 26 milliseconds. Methane conversion was found to be strongly dependent on reactor temperature. Ramping temperature distributions demonstrated a 46 percent greater hydrogen output than isothermal reactions performed at the same average temperature.

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Parajuli, Pradeep, Yejun Wang, Matthew Hay i Waruna D. Kulatilaka. "Hydrogen Atom Imaging in High-Pressure Flames Using Femtosecond Two-Photon LIF". W Laser Applications to Chemical, Security and Environmental Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lacsea.2022.lth3e.4.

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We demonstrate hydrogen (H) atom imaging in high-pressure (1–10 bar) methane-air flames using a home-built, high-conversion-efficiency, direct-frequency-quadrupled fs laser system. The effects of laser energy, excitation wavelength, equivalence ratio, and pressure are discussed.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Methane Conversion - Hydrogen"

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Tang, Yongchun, Di Zhu, Fei Meng i Jing Zhao. Highly Efficient Non-Oxidative Methane Conversion with Continuous Hydrogen Removal. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), grudzień 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1497214.

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Asvapathanagul, Pitiporn, Leanne Deocampo i Nicholas Banuelos. Biological Hydrogen Gas Production from Food Waste as a Sustainable Fuel for Future Transportation. Mineta Transportation Institute, lipiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2141.

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In the global search for the right alternative energy sources for a more sustainable future, hydrogen production has stood out as a strong contender. Hydrogen gas (H2) is well-known as one of the cleanest and most sustainable energy sources, one that mainly yields only water vapor as a byproduct. Additionally, H2 generates triple the amount of energy compared to hydrocarbon fuels. H2 can be synthesized from several technologies, but currently only 1% of H2 production is generated from biomass. Biological H2 production generated from anaerobic digestion is a fraction of the 1%. This study aims to enhance biological H2 production from anaerobic digesters by increasing H2 forming microbial abundance using batch experiments. Carbon substrate availability and conversion in the anaerobic processes were achieved by chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acids analysis. The capability of the matrix to neutralize acids in the reactors was assessed using alkalinity assay, and ammonium toxicity was monitored by ammonium measurements. H2 content was also investigated throughout the study. The study's results demonstrate two critical outcomes, (i) food waste as substrate yielded the highest H2 gas fraction in biogas compared to other substrates fed (primary sludge, waste activated sludge and mixed sludge with or without food waste), and (ii) under normal operating condition of anaerobic digesters, increasing hydrogen forming bacterial populations, including Clostridium spp., Lactococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. did not prolong biological H2 recovery due to H2 being taken up by other bacteria for methane (CH4) formation. Our experiment was operated under the most optimal condition for CH4 formation as suggested by wastewater operational manuals. Therefore, CH4-forming bacteria possessed more advantages than other microbial populations, including H2-forming groups, and rapidly utilized H2 prior to methane synthesis. This study demonstrates H2 energy renewed from food waste anaerobic digestion systems delivers opportunities to maximize California’s cap-and-trade program through zero carbon fuel production and utilization.

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Asvapathanagul, Pitiporn, Leanne Deocampo i Nicholas Banuelos. Biological Hydrogen Gas Production from Food Waste as a Sustainable Fuel for Future Transportation. Mineta Transportation Institute, lipiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2141.

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In the global search for the right alternative energy sources for a more sustainable future, hydrogen production has stood out as a strong contender. Hydrogen gas (H2) is well-known as one of the cleanest and most sustainable energy sources, one that mainly yields only water vapor as a byproduct. Additionally, H2 generates triple the amount of energy compared to hydrocarbon fuels. H2 can be synthesized from several technologies, but currently only 1% of H2 production is generated from biomass. Biological H2 production generated from anaerobic digestion is a fraction of the 1%. This study aims to enhance biological H2 production from anaerobic digesters by increasing H2 forming microbial abundance using batch experiments. Carbon substrate availability and conversion in the anaerobic processes were achieved by chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acids analysis. The capability of the matrix to neutralize acids in the reactors was assessed using alkalinity assay, and ammonium toxicity was monitored by ammonium measurements. H2 content was also investigated throughout the study. The study's results demonstrate two critical outcomes, (i) food waste as substrate yielded the highest H2 gas fraction in biogas compared to other substrates fed (primary sludge, waste activated sludge and mixed sludge with or without food waste), and (ii) under normal operating condition of anaerobic digesters, increasing hydrogen forming bacterial populations, including Clostridium spp., Lactococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. did not prolong biological H2 recovery due to H2 being taken up by other bacteria for methane (CH4) formation. Our experiment was operated under the most optimal condition for CH4 formation as suggested by wastewater operational manuals. Therefore, CH4-forming bacteria possessed more advantages than other microbial populations, including H2-forming groups, and rapidly utilized H2 prior to methane synthesis. This study demonstrates H2 energy renewed from food waste anaerobic digestion systems delivers opportunities to maximize California’s cap-and-trade program through zero carbon fuel production and utilization.

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