Artykuły w czasopismach: „META-SEARCHING”

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Saraf, Tara Othman Qadir, Norfaiza Fuad i Nik Shahidah Afifi Md Taujuddin. "Framework of Meta-Heuristic Variable Length Searching for Feature Selection in High-Dimensional Data". Computers 12, nr 1 (27.12.2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers12010007.

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Feature Selection in High Dimensional Space is a combinatory optimization problem with an NP-hard nature. Meta-heuristic searching with embedding information theory-based criteria in the fitness function for selecting the relevant features is used widely in current feature selection algorithms. However, the increase in the dimension of the solution space leads to a high computational cost and risk of convergence. In addition, sub-optimality might occur due to the assumption of a certain length of the optimal number of features. Alternatively, variable length searching enables searching within the variable length of the solution space, which leads to more optimality and less computational load. The literature contains various meta-heuristic algorithms with variable length searching. All of them enable searching in high dimensional problems. However, an uncertainty in their performance exists. In order to fill this gap, this article proposes a novel framework for comparing various variants of variable length-searching meta-heuristic algorithms in the application of feature selection. For this purpose, we implemented four types of variable length meta-heuristic searching algorithms, namely VLBHO-Fitness, VLBHO-Position, variable length particle swarm optimization (VLPSO) and genetic variable length (GAVL), and we compared them in terms of classification metrics. The evaluation showed the overall superiority of VLBHO over the other algorithms in terms of accomplishing lower fitness values when optimizing mathematical functions of the variable length type.

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Chen, Hsinchun, Haiyan Fan, Michael Chau i Daniel Zeng. "MetaSpider: Meta-searching and categorization on the Web". Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 52, nr 13 (2001): 1134–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asi.1180.

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Zafar, Humaira, Kiran Bukhari, Nouman Noor, Sadaf Humayoun i Noor Lakhnana. "Meta-analysis for Searching Efficacy of Tinidazole and Metronidazole". ULUTAS MEDICAL JOURNAL 3, nr 2 (2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/umj.20170607081427.

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Schweizer, M. L., H. S. Reisinger, M. Ohl, M. B. Formanek, A. Blevins, M. A. Ward i E. N. Perencevich. "Searching for an Optimal Hand Hygiene Bundle: A Meta-analysis". Clinical Infectious Diseases 58, nr 2 (8.10.2013): 248–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/cit670.

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Catalano, Alessia, Roberta Budriesi, Claudio Bruno, Antonia Di Mola, Ivana Defrenza, Maria Maddalena Cavalluzzi, Matteo Micucci, Alessia Carocci, Carlo Franchini i Giovanni Lentini. "Searching for new antiarrhythmic agents: Evaluation of meta-hydroxymexiletine enantiomers". European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 65 (lipiec 2013): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.05.008.

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Yan, Jin H., Jerry R. Thomas i John H. Downing. "Locomotion Improves Children's Spatial Search: A Meta-Analytic Review". Perceptual and Motor Skills 87, nr 1 (sierpień 1998): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.87.1.67.

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This meta-analysis quantitatively summarized the developmental influence and the effects of locomotor experience as well as the benefits of locomotor practice, locomotor assistance, and active searching patterns on children's search performance. Based on specific criteria, a search of a database and reference lists identified 19 studies, including 1,029 children (510 boys and 519 girls) from 4 to 144 months of age. Outcome measures of spatial performance were converted to 83 effect sizes that reflected the effects of specific experimental characteristics. Analyses of variance indicated that with older children, locomotor activities are more important to their spatial searching. Locomotor status, searching patterns, locomotor assistance, test conditions, and test reliability were identified as moderator variables. In addition, locomotor training significantly improved children's spatial search. The results supported the hypothesis that children's development of spatial search skills is influenced by locomotor experience.

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Wang, Jin, Yuxin Liu, Jianjun Chen i Xibei Yang. "An Ensemble Framework to Forest Optimization Based Reduct Searching". Symmetry 14, nr 6 (20.06.2022): 1277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14061277.

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Essentially, the solution to an attribute reduction problem can be viewed as a reduct searching process. Currently, among various searching strategies, meta-heuristic searching has received extensive attention. As a new emerging meta-heuristic approach, the forest optimization algorithm (FOA) is introduced to the problem solving of attribute reduction in this study. To further improve the classification performance of selected attributes in reduct, an ensemble framework is also developed: firstly, multiple reducts are obtained by FOA and data perturbation, and the structure of those multiple reducts is symmetrical, which indicates that no order exists among those reducts; secondly, multiple reducts are used to execute voting classification over testing samples. Finally, comprehensive experiments on over 20 UCI datasets clearly validated the effectiveness of our framework: it is not only beneficial to output reducts with superior classification accuracies and classification stabilities but also suitable for data pre-processing with noise. This improvement work we have performed makes the FOA obtain better benefits in the data processing of life, health, medical and other fields.

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Nsaif Al-Sammarraie, Hamsa Naji, i Dayang N. A. Jawawi. "Multiple Black Hole Inspired Meta-Heuristic Searching Optimization for Combinatorial Testing". IEEE Access 8 (2020): 33406–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2973696.

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Tang, Liling, i Peijin Zhang. "The Method of Searching Literature Is Important for a Meta-Analysis". Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 17, nr 1 (styczeń 2019): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2018.08.025.

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Delgado, Michael. "The Necessity of Comprehensive Searching and Quality Assessment in Meta-analyses". American Journal of Cardiology 116, nr 3 (sierpień 2015): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.04.038.

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Hussein, Ahmed Kawther. "Hybrid Based Selective Genetic Algorithm". International Journal of Engineering Research and Advanced Technology 08, nr 03 (2022): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.31695/ijerat.2022.8.3.1.

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Wireless Sensor Network WSN deployment is an active research area. Its goal is to deploy sensors in certain environment efficiently to optimize some evaluation measures. Meta heuristic searching optimization approaches have been proven to be effective in solving WSN deployment problem. They have strong power in exploring the solution space and converging toward theoptimal region. One key factor in achieving more exploring power in the meta-heuristic searching is the selection criteria of the elite solutions from one iteration to another. Two common selection criteria are roulette wheel and pairwise tournament. In this article, a hybrid based selection is applied under genetic algorithm for solving the problem of WSND. The hybrid based selection selects between roulette wheel and pairwise tournament in order to maintain good exploration and fast convergence toward the best solutions

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Ruddy, Rachel, i Allan House. "Meta-review of high-quality systematic reviews of interventions in key areas of liaison psychiatry". British Journal of Psychiatry 187, nr 2 (sierpień 2005): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.187.2.109.

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BackgroundWhen planning and delivering a liaison psychiatry service it is important to have an understanding of the research evidence supporting the use of interventions likely to be delivered by the service.AimsTo identify high-quality systematic reviews for all interventions in three defined areas of liaison psychiatry, to summarise their clinical implications and to highlight areas where more research is needed. The three areas were the psychological effects of physical illness or treatment, somatoform disorders and self-harming behaviour.MethodComputerised database searching, secondary reference searching, hand-searching and expert consultation were used to identify relevant systematic reviews. Studies were reliably selected, and quality-assessed, and data were extracted and interpreted by two reviewers.ResultsWe found 64 high-quality systematic reviews. Only 14 reviews included meta-analyses.ConclusionsMany areas of liaison psychiatry practice are not based on high-quality evidence. More research in this area would help inform development and planning of liaison psychiatry services.

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Wang, Yi Fei, Fei Tang, Qing Fen Liao i Jian Yang. "A Method of Controlled Islanding Strategy Based on Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm". Applied Mechanics and Materials 577 (lipiec 2014): 598–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.577.598.

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Optimal controlled islanding strategy searching is a complex combinational optimization problem. Artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) based on the simulation of fish swarm is an intelligent meta-heuristics. In this paper, AFSA is applied to the searching of optimal controlled islanding strategy. In order to minimize the unbalanced power in each island, a mathematic model is established with some constraints. Simulation result on IEEE-39 node system shows that the proposed method can obtain the optimal strategy promptly and has strong global search ability.

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Van Andel, Hans W. H., Hans Grietens, Johan Strijker, Rutger J. Van der Gaag i Erik J. Knorth. "Searching for effective interventions for foster children under stress: a meta-analysis". Child & Family Social Work 19, nr 2 (30.05.2012): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00885.x.

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Jiang, Xiangyuan, i Shuai Li. "BAS: Beetle Antennae Search Algorithm for Optimization Problems". International Journal of Robotics and Control 1, nr 1 (25.04.2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijrc.v1n1p1.

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Meta-heuristic algorithms have become very popular because of powerful performance on the optimization problem. A new algorithm called beetle antennae search algorithm (BAS) is proposed in the paper inspired by the searching behavior of long-horn beetles. The BAS algorithm imitates the function of antennae and the random walking mechanism of beetles in nature, and then two main steps of detecting and searching are implemented. Finally, the algorithm is benchmarked on 2 well-known test functions, in which the numerical results validate the efficacy of the proposed BAS algorithm.

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Ansari, Mohd Zeeshan, i M. M. Sufyan Beg. "Improved Fuzzy Rank Aggregation". International Journal of Rough Sets and Data Analysis 5, nr 4 (październik 2018): 74–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrsda.2018100105.

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Rank aggregation is applied on the web to build various applications like meta-search engines, consumer reviews classification, and recommender systems. Meta-searching is the generation of a single list from a collection of the results produced by multiple search engines, together using a rank aggregation technique. It is an efficient and cost-effective technique to retrieve quality results from the internet. The quality of results produced by a meta-searching relies upon the efficiency of rank aggregation technique applied. An effective rank aggregation technique assigns the rank to a document that is closest to all its previous rankings. The newly generated list of documents may be evaluated by the measurement of Spearman footrule distance. In this article, various fuzzy logic techniques for rank aggregation are analyzed and further improvements are proposed in Modified Shimura technique. Consequently, two novel OWA operators are suggested for the calculation of membership values of document ranks in a modified Shimura technique. The performance of proposed improvements is evaluated on the Spearman footrule distance along with execution time. The results show that the anticipated improvements exhibit better performance than other fuzzy techniques.

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Theola, Jason, Muhammad Ikrar Hermanadi, Kahlil Gibran i Syarifaha Ihsan. "CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF IVERMECTIN IN COVID-19 TREATMENT: AN EVIDENCE-BASED CASE REPORT FROM SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND META-ANALYSES". JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia 9, nr 2 (30.11.2021): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.53366/jimki.v9i2.411.

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Background: Ivermectin has demonstrated beneficial results on clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Several countries have included ivermectin in their guidelines, though WHO recommended against its usage. Therefore, this study was aimed to establish the clinical outcomes of ivermectin in COVID-19 patients by an evidence-based method. Method: Article searching was completed in PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus from July 9 - 10 2021. The results were limited to only systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Hand searching was conducted to obtain relevant studies from external resources. The results were evaluated using inclusion and exclusion criteria. The full texts were obtained and critically reviewed using Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine critical appraisal tools. Result: Three systematic reviews and meta-analyses were selected and critically reviewed. All three studies were considered valid, important, and applicable. However, the quality of these studies varied from low to high. Conclusion: Overall studies showed that ivermectin has the potential to improve clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients.

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Teodorovic, Dusan, Milica Selmic i Tatjana Davidovic. "Bee Colony Optimization - part II: The application survey". Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 25, nr 2 (2015): 185–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor131029020t.

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Bee Colony Optimization (BCO) is a meta-heuristic method based on foraging habits of honeybees. This technique was motivated by the analogy found between the natural behavior of bees searching for food and the behavior of optimization algorithms searching for an optimum in combinatorial optimization problems. BCO has been successfully applied to various hard combinatorial optimization problems, mostly in transportation, location and scheduling fields. There are some applications in the continuous optimization field that have appeared recently. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the scientific community more closely with BCO by summarizing its existing successful applications.

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Kalinowski, Krzysztof, Damian Krenczyk i Cezary Grabowik. "Predictive - Reactive Strategy for Real Time Scheduling of Manufacturing Systems". Applied Mechanics and Materials 307 (luty 2013): 470–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.307.470.

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In this paper a solution of soft real time scheduling in manufacturing systems is presented. The basic requirements of scheduling as a real time system are discussed. The proposed rescheduling method uses predictive-reactive strategy and multi thread searching approach with rule-based heuristics, meta-heuristics and random modules.

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Anderson, Ian. "Lessons to be learnt from meta-analyses of newer versus older antidepressants". Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 3, nr 1 (styczeń 1997): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.3.1.58.

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Meta-analysis is the use of statistical techniques to analyse the findings of many individual analyses (Glass, 1977). It covers all aspects of the review process involving formulating relevant research questions, searching the literature, assessing the quality of studies and choosing relevant ones, extracting and combining the data (for review see Henry & Wilson, 1992; Wilson & Henry, 1992). Meta-analysis as part of a systematic review has advantages over a narrative review but there are problems in applying it in practice (Box 1).

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Rinaldi, Ikhwan, Kevin Winston, Leroy David Vincent, Abdillah Wicaksono, Muhammad Prasetio Wardoyo, Yusuf Aji Samudera Nurrobi i Jessica Leoni. "Overall Survival and Progression-Free Survival Comparison of Bevacizumab Plus Chemotherapy Combination Regiment versus Chemotherapy Only Regiment in Previously Untreated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, F (12.04.2022): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9375.

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BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is the third-most common cancer in the world, in which 15%–25% of patients already had metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) at the time of diagnosis. The overall survival (OS) of mCRC is poor with the use of chemotherapy. AIM: This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to examine the outcomes of OS and progression-free survival (PFS) of adding bevacizumab to different chemotherapy regiments compared to chemotherapy regiments only in the treatment of untreated mCRC. METHODS: Literature searching was done in databases such as PubMed, EBSCO, SCOPUS, and ScienceDirect. The primary outcome measured in this systematic review and meta-analysis was OS, while the secondary outcome was PFS. Hazard ratio (HR) was used as the main summary measure with 95% confidence interval (CI). Publication bias was measured using a funnel plot. RESULTS: Literature searching resulted in 11 selected studies, 9 selected for meta-analysis. Addition of bevacizumab showed significant better results in OS (HR 0.83, CI 95% 0.74–0.93; p = 0.002; I2 = 29%) and PFS (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.51–0.75; p < 0.0001, I2 = 78%). CONCLUSION: The addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy resulted in better OS and PFS in untreated mCRC. Further studies are needed to confirm PFS benefit from the combination of bevacizumab and chemotherapy due to significant heterogeneity.

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Ankem, Kalyani. "Evaluation of method in systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in LIS". Library and Information Research 32, nr 101 (11.09.2008): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/lirg58.

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The objective of the research was to evaluate systematic reviews and meta-analyses appearing in library and information science (LIS) literature. LIS databases were searched to find systematic reviews and meta-analyses published during 1996 - 2006 in LIS journals. Seven systematic reviews and five meta-analyses were selected and methods applied (identification of studies, inclusion/exclusion criteria, quality assessment, data extraction, and synthesis) were reviewed. The evaluation indicates that all systematic reviews in LIS have been published on medical library or medical information topics. Searching conducted to identify studies for systematic reviews and meta-analyses is comprehensive. Inclusion/exclusion criteria and quality standards established in systematic reviews and meta-analyses are well developed; however, in most systematic reviews, the analysis is limited to percentages rather than inferential statistics. Analysis based on inferential statistics in systematic reviews will further improve the reviews. The meta-analyses published in LIS illustrate different approaches to conducting the synthesis.

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Altasa, Fiza Rauzika, Cut Dara Ilfa Rahila, Muhammad Abrar Muda i Muhammad Hasyimsyah Batubara. "Students Difficulties in Understanding Listening Lessons (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses)". Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching (JLLLT) 2, nr 2 (9.04.2023): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37249/jlllt.v2i2.546.

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Listening is one of the essential skills that need to be mastered by students who want to learn English. This study concerns students' difficulties in understanding listening lessons. This research aims to describe the students' difficulties in learning to listen. The method used in this research is Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. This method is a process of searching the literature, while the source of portal searching literature is OJS-based journals, whether or not Sinta accredits them. The data taken are articles relating to students' difficulties in listening lessons, while the number of articles used as a reference for systematic review or meta-analysis is primarily the result of research. The articles used were 12 articles over the last two years. The results of the study show that difficulties in listening comprehension can be caused by various factors, including the knowledge and background of the listener, the clarity and quality of the spoken language, the level of attention and motivation of the listener, limited vocabulary, cognitive and language abilities, cultural and social differences, and emotional state.

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Lv, Mengmeng, Xingya Zhu, Weixian Chen, Jianhua Zhao i Jinhai Tang. "Searching for candidate microRNA biomarkers in detection of breast cancer: A meta-analysis". Cancer Biomarkers 13, nr 5 (24.12.2013): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/cbm-130379.

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Caseau, Yves. "Combining constraint Propagation and meta-heuristics for searching a Maximum Weight Hamiltonian Chain". RAIRO - Operations Research 40, nr 2 (kwiecień 2006): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro:2006018.

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Lemeshow, Adina R., Robin E. Blum, Jesse A. Berlin, Michael A. Stoto i Graham A. Colditz. "Searching one or two databases was insufficient for meta-analysis of observational studies". Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 58, nr 9 (wrzesień 2005): 867–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.03.004.

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Hastuti, Lita Widyo. "Kontrol Diri dan Agresi : Tinjauan Meta-Analisis". Buletin Psikologi 26, nr 1 (6.06.2018): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/buletinpsikologi.32805.

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Aggression brings adverse effects on individuals and the environment, and often developsinto social problems. This meta-analysis study aimed to find out the correlation between self-control and aggression. The used samples based on 18 primary studies from 10 onlinejournals published in 2002 - 2017 which is found by searching on online database journal viawww.lib.ugm.ac.id. Two artifacts allowed for correction in these study are sampling errorand measurement error. The results of the analysis provided support for the hypothesis thatself-control had a negative correlation to aggression, therefore self-control inhibits the emerge of aggression behavior.

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Woo, Yeonju, Bo-In Kwon, Dong Hyuk Lee, Yongjoo Kim, Jin-woo Suh, Bonhyuk Goo, Sang-Soo Nam i Joo-Hee Kim. "Appraising the safety and reporting quality of thread-embedding acupuncture: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis". BMJ Open 12, nr 9 (wrzesień 2022): e063927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063927.

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IntroductionThread-embedding acupuncture (TEA) is a special type of acupuncture treatment in which medical threads are inserted into subcutaneous tissues or muscles at therapeutic points. TEA is a medical practice that combines acupuncture and medical threads. As such, it is necessary to evaluate the safety of TEA. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the safety of TEA and reporting quality of studies regarding TEA.Methods and analysisThe systematic review will be conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Searching strategies will be systemically conducted using the following databases from their inception date to September 2022: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), CiNii, J-STAGE, Korean Medical Database, Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS), ScienceON and Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS). The search strategies will be adjusted for each database as appropriate. The risk of bias will be assessed using the McMaster tool to identify the quality of harm assessment and reporting in study reports (McHarm). A meta-analysis will be used to synthesise the frequency and incidence of adverse events.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval and consent is required for this systematic review. The results of this systematic review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022297123.

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Xiong, Juan, Qianqian Chen, Wenjie Li i Xujuan Zheng. "Effect of online interventions on reducing anxiety and depression for women with breast cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol". BMJ Open 13, nr 7 (lipiec 2023): e073806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073806.

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IntroductionBreast cancer has becoming the most common malignancy in women globally. Various online interventions have been conducted to help women with breast cancer to manage their psychological symptoms. However, there has been not yet a network meta-analysis that has synthesised scientific evidence about online intervention on reducing anxiety and depression for women with breast cancer. To fill the literature gap, this protocol aims to generate a systematic review and network meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of online interventions on reducing anxiety and depression for these women with breast cancer. The study results may inform the recommendations for clinical guidelines and facilitate the decision-making process to improve psychological health of women with breast cancer.Methods and analysisThe protocol is in compliance with the guideline of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols and for Systematic Reviews and Network Meta-Analysis. The electronic databases of Pubmed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials and OpenGrey will be used for searching of related randomised controlled trials from their inception. No restrictions on publication date and language will be applied. The primary outcomes are the symptoms of anxiety and depression, and the secondary outcome is the satisfaction with the received healthcare. Two reviewers independently evaluate the risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias tool. The assessment of heterogeneity, inconsistency, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and publication bias will be conducted. The netmeta package of R software will be used to perform the network meta-analysis.Ethics and disseminationThis study will be based on previous research findings, so that ethics approval is not required. Data searching commences in July 2023 and expects to complete in January, 2024. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and academic conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022318530.

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Li, Guocheng, Pei Liu, Chengyi Le i Benda Zhou. "A Novel Hybrid Meta-Heuristic Algorithm Based on the Cross-Entropy Method and Firefly Algorithm for Global Optimization". Entropy 21, nr 5 (14.05.2019): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21050494.

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Global optimization, especially on a large scale, is challenging to solve due to its nonlinearity and multimodality. In this paper, in order to enhance the global searching ability of the firefly algorithm (FA) inspired by bionics, a novel hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm is proposed by embedding the cross-entropy (CE) method into the firefly algorithm. With adaptive smoothing and co-evolution, the proposed method fully absorbs the ergodicity, adaptability and robustness of the cross-entropy method. The new hybrid algorithm achieves an effective balance between exploration and exploitation to avoid falling into a local optimum, enhance its global searching ability, and improve its convergence rate. The results of numeral experiments show that the new hybrid algorithm possesses more powerful global search capacity, higher optimization precision, and stronger robustness.

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Khan, Shahjahan, Breda Memon i Muhammed A. Memon. "Meta-analysis: a critical appraisal of the methodology, benefits and drawbacks". British Journal of Hospital Medicine 80, nr 11 (2.11.2019): 636–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2019.80.11.636.

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Meta-analysis has become an integral part of evidence-based decision-making processes and is being increasingly used in medical and non-medical disciplines. Aggregate data or summary statistics continue to be the mainstay of meta-analysis and are used by many professional societies to support clinical practice guidelines. Meta-analyses synthesize the summary statistics from independent trials by pooling them to estimate the underlying common effect size. The results represent the highest level of evidence but only if the chosen studies are of high quality and the selection criteria are fully satisfied. It is important to address the issues of defining an explicit and relevant question, exhaustively searching for the totality of evidence, meticulous and unbiased data transfer or extraction, assessment of between study heterogeneity and the use of appropriate statistical methods for estimating summary effect measures. This article reviews the methodology, benefits and drawbacks of performing a meta-analysis.

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Moriyama, Tais S., Guilherme V. Polanczyk, Fernanda S. Terzi, Kauy M. Faria i Luis A. Rohde. "Psychopharmacology and psychotherapy for the treatment of adults with ADHD—a systematic review of available meta-analyses". CNS Spectrums 18, nr 6 (6.06.2013): 296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s109285291300031x.

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Objective/IntroductionAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adult life is a prevalent condition. We systematically reviewed the literature available by searching for meta-analyses assessing pharmacological and psychosocial interventions for adults with ADHD.MethodsUsing wide-ranging search terms, we retrieved 191 titles from the PubMed and Cochrane databases. Two independent evaluators judged all abstracts. Only meta-analyses about the treatment of adults with ADHD were included. Information from meta-analyses found was systematically extracted by 3 independent evaluators.ResultsEight meta-analyses were identified. Results from those meta-analyses suggest that stimulants are effective in decreasing ADHD symptoms on a short-term basis with a medium to large effect size (ES). Short-acting stimulants might be superior to long-acting stimulants, but no data on difference in adherence are available for the comparison of these two types of formulation. Bupropion is superior to placebo but less effective than stimulants. No conclusions about the impact of psychosocial interventions can be drawn based on meta-analyses so far.DiscussionThe efficacy of stimulants in reducing ADHD symptoms for adults is well documented in meta-analyses, but there is a concerning lack of meta-analysis about other treatment interventions.ConclusionThe available meta-analytic literature does not cover questions of essential clinical relevance for adults with ADHD.

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Yoo, Hee-Seon, Wu-Seong Kang, Jung-Soo Pyo i Junghan Yoon. "Efficacy and Safety of Vacuum-Assisted Excision for Benign Breast Mass Lesion: A Meta-Analysis". Medicina 57, nr 11 (17.11.2021): 1260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57111260.

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Background and Objective: Breast mass lesions are common; however, determining the malignant potential of the lesion can be ambiguous. Recently, to evaluate breast mass lesions, vacuum-assisted excision (VAE) biopsy has been widely used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic role of VAE. Materials and Methods: Relevant articles were obtained by searching PubMed and EMBASE on 3 September 2021. Meta-analyses were performed using odds ratios and proportions. To assess heterogeneity, we conducted a subgroup analysis and meta-regression tests. Results: Finally, 26 studies comprising 18,170 patients were included. All of these were observational studies. The meta-analysis showed that the complete resection rate of VAE was 0.930. In the meta-regression test, there was no significant difference. The meta-analysis showed a recurrence rate of 0.039 in the VAE group. The meta-regression test showed no statistical significance. Postoperative hematoma, pain, and ecchymosis after VAE were 0.092, 0.082, and 0.075, respectively. Conclusion: VAE for benign breast lesions showed favorable outcomes with respect to complete resection and complications. This meta-analysis suggested that VAE for low-risk benign breast lesions is a reasonable option for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

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ZAKZANIS, K. K., P. POULIN, K. T. HANSEN i D. JOLIC. "Searching the schizophrenic brain for temporal lobe deficits: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Psychological Medicine 30, nr 3 (maj 2000): 491–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291799002172.

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Background. Several empirical studies have found temporal lobe impairments in many patients with schizophrenia. The strength and consistency of this evidence, however, has not been evaluated and synthesized quantitatively. Hence, we ask to what extent are temporal cortices really defective in schizophrenia?Methods. Meta-analytical methods were used to determine the magnitude of evidence in support of structural and physiological temporal–hippocampal system deficits in schizophrenia. We report effect sizes from studies since 1980 that used structural (CT, MRI) and functional (SPECT, PET) neuroimaging methods.Results. Both structural and functional imaging literatures are distinguished by heterogeneity whereby most patients show normative temporal function and structure, a minority shows diminished values and some patients demonstrate augmented function and structure rather than a deficit.Conclusions. The findings are hard to incorporate within single disease models that propose major involvement of the temporal system in schizophrenia, at least at the degree of resolution obtained with current imaging technology.

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Hernanda, Pratika Yuhyi. "A Meta-Analysis of the Ultimate Effect of Mesenchymal Stem / Stromal Cell in Tumor Animal Models". Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Wijaya Kusuma 9, nr 1 (13.04.2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/jikw.v9i1.840.

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Several studies have reported the Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) triggered and inhibited tumor growth. We therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies evaluating the effects of MSC on tumors. Method: We collected the relevant studies by searching ProQuest, PubMed Publisher, and GoogleScholar. A meta-analysis was performed for the outcome measure: tumor volume and tumor weight. The search resulted in 440 references, of which 22 could be included in the meta-analysis. Of these 22 experiments, 18 (40%) showed a significant decrease of tumor growth and 27 (60%) experiments showed a significant increase of tumor growth. The engineered MSC and the late phase of MSC injection have a significant contribution to tumor inhibition effect. The meta-analysis showed that there are no significant effect of mesenchymal stem cell therapy to the tumor animal volume (SMD-0.23[-0.55, 0.09]; n=15), and to the tumor animal weight (SMD -0.19 [-0.77,0.39]; n=7). Conclusion: MSC appears to have a relative dependent effect in animal models.

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Wu, Cheng-Chieh. "Status quo bias in information system adoption: a meta-analytic review". Online Information Review 40, nr 7 (14.11.2016): 998–1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-09-2015-0311.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to clarify the influence of status quo on information system (IS) adoption. Organizations often substantially allocate resources to leverage existing IT investments. The incumbent system deployment and the institutional environment will exert the influence on the new IS adoption of firms. The findings provide insights for explaining why firms conservatively react toward an emerging IT innovation. Design/methodology/approach The research design of the present study is consisted of the following steps. First, the related theoretical foundations of system adoption are reviewed for constructing the research framework. Second, based on the status quo bias theory, this study proposes a conceptual model. Third, the research data set was constructed through collecting manuscripts by conducting journal-by-journal searching in electronic databases. Finally, the protocol proposed by Lipsey and Wilson (2001) was used to conduct the meta-analysis. Findings Through a meta-analysis with 34 published studies, this study provides three observations. First, the results provide supports for the magnitude and significance of proposed relationships. Second, the relationships between status quo factors, expectations, and IS adoption are indeed related. Third, the considerable variability across effect sizes can be attributed to the type of adoption, the type of focal system, and the type of institutional pressures. Research limitations/implications Although the meta-analytic results provide supports for the significance and magnitude of proposed relationships, the follow-up manuscripts searching and further analyses are needed. Originality/value This research presents a collective understanding of systems adoption from status quo bias perspective. The findings provide insights for further researches on IS adoption.

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Neubeck, Lis, S. Ben Freedman, Alexander M. Clark, Tom Briffa, Adrian Bauman i Julie Redfern. "Participating in cardiac rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative data". European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 19, nr 3 (5.05.2011): 494–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741826711409326.

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Background: Participation in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) benefits patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), yet worldwide only some 15–30% of those eligible attend. To improve understanding of the reasons for poor participation we undertook a systematic review and meta-synthesis of the qualitative literature. Methods: Qualitative studies identifying patient barriers and enablers to attendance at CR were identified by searching multiple electronic databases, reference lists, relevant conference lists, grey literature, and keyword searching of the internet (1990–2010). Studies were selected if they included patients with CHD and reviewed experience or understanding about CR. Meta-synthesis was used to review the papers and to synthesize the data. Results: From 1165 papers, 34 unique studies were included after screening. These included 1213 patients from eight countries. Study methodology included interviews ( n = 25), focus groups ( n = 5), and mixed-methods ( n = 4). Key reasons for not attending CR were physical barriers, such as lack of transport, or financial cost, and personal barriers, such as embarrassment about participation, or misunderstanding the reasons for onset of CHD or the purpose of CR. Conclusions: There is a vast amount of qualitative research which investigates patients’ reasons for non-attendance at CR. Key issues include system-level and patient-level barriers, which are potentially modifiable. Future research would best be directed at investigating strategies to overcome these barriers.

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Putri, Sefni Rama. "Meta-Analysis: Use of Self Talk in Improving Self Efficacy". Jurnal SOMASI (Sosial Humaniora Komunikasi) 2, nr 2 (20.12.2021): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.53695/js.v2i2.575.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the use of self talk on self efficacy. In this study the technique used in the form of meta-analysis by analyzing the data about the effect of self talk on self efficacy. This research begins by formulating research topics, exploring relevant research results for analysis. Data is collected by searching online journals and supporting books. Data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis. Based on the analysis of the use of self-talk can increase self-efficacy from the lowest to the highest.

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Soriano-Sánchez, José-Gabriel, i David Jiménez-Vázquez. "Effectiveness of interventions on burnout syndrome in nurses: a systematic and meta-analytic review". Revista Acciones Médicas 2, nr 1 (24.10.2022): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35622/j.ram.2023.01.001.

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The purpose of the present study is to analyze by means of a systematic and meta-analytic review the importance of nursing staff interventions on Burnout Syndrome and their influence on different psychological variables. After searching for scientific articles in the databases Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO and CINAHL Complete, a total of 782 studies were obtained which, after applying the methodological inclusion criteria, left a total of 13 studies for systematic review and meta-analysis. The meta-analytical results suggest that the different interventions for the reduction of Burnout Syndrome in nurses have a positive influence on the psychological health of the sick personnel, providing them with greater well-being and quality of life. In summary, the use of interventions in nursing personnel is a great benefit to be able to detect and treat possible psychological and physical consequences in this population.

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Pickup, David I., Robert M. Bernard, Eugene Borokhovski, Anne C. Wade i Rana M. Tamim. "Systematically Searching Empirical Literature in the Social Sciences: Results from Two Meta-Analyses Within the Domain of Education". Российский психологический журнал 15, nr 4 (31.01.2019): 245–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21702/rpj.2018.4.10.

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Introduction. This paper provides an overview of the information retrieval strategy employed for two meta-analyses, conducted by a systematic review team at Concordia University (Montreal, QC, Canada). Both papers draw on standards first articulated by H.M. Cooper and further developed by the Campbell Collaboration, which promote a comprehensive approach to systematically searching an extensive array of resources (bibliographic databases, print resources, citation indices, etc.) in order to locate both published and unpublished research. The goal is to verify if searching comprehensively through multiple resources retrieves studies that are unique, and hence, improve the overall representativeness of a diverse body of literature. We also analyze the sensitivity and specificity of the results by data source. Methods. In order to determine the source sensitivity, we consider percentage of results from each source retrieved for full-text review. In order to determine the source specificity, we derive a percentage from the total number of studies included in the final meta-analysis compared against the overall number of initial results found. Results. Results demonstrate the need to search beyond the subject-specific databases of a particular discipline as unique results can be found in many places. Databases for related disciplines provided 129 unique includes to each meta-analysis, and multidisciplinary databases provided 44 and 99 unique includes for the two meta-analyses in question respectively. Manual search techniques were much more sensitive and specific than electronic searches of databases and yield a higher percentage of final includes. Discussion. The results demonstrate the utility of a comprehensive information retrieval methodology like that proposed by the Campbell Collaboration, which goes beyond the main subject databases to locate the full range of information sources, including grey literature.

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Debnath, Sanjoy, Wasim Arif i Srimanta Baishya. "Buyer Inspired Meta-Heuristic Optimization Algorithm". Open Computer Science 10, nr 1 (13.07.2020): 194–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/comp-2020-0101.

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AbstractNature inspired swarm based meta-heuristic optimization technique is getting considerable attention and established to be very competitive with evolution based and physical based algorithms. This paper proposes a novel Buyer Inspired Meta-heuristic optimization Algorithm (BIMA) inspired form the social behaviour of human being in searching and bargaining for products. In BIMA, exploration and exploitation are achieved through shop to shop hoping and bargaining for products to be purchased based on cost, quality of the product, choice and distance to the shop. Comprehensive simulations are performed on 23 standard mathematical and CEC2017 benchmark functions and 3 engineering problems. An exhaustive comparative analysis with other algorithms is done by performing 30 independent runs and comparing the mean, standard deviation as well as by performing statistical test. The results showed significant improvement in terms of optimum value, convergence speed, and is also statistically more significant in comparison to most of the reported popular algorithms.

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Xia, Qier, Jun Li, Yifan Shen i Dahong Zhang. "Tea Drinking and the Risk of Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder: A Meta-Analysis". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2023 (7.04.2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/2891120.

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Objective. For evaluation of the correlation between tea drinking and the risk of carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Methods. By searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases, the original studies on tea drinking and carcinoma of the urinary bladder risk were collected, the data were extracted, and meta-analysis package 5.2-0 of R language was used for meta-analysis. Results. This study contained 11 researches, composed of 7686 patients and 10320 controls. Tea drinking was not linked to carcinoma of the urinary bladder risk (OR:1.02, 95%CI: 0.95–1.11). Conclusion. Tea drinking may not be linked to carcinoma of the urinary bladder, but more definitive results are needed from higher-quality trials.

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Yudatika, Sharvina, i Mukhayyarotin Niswati Rodliyatul Jauhariyah. "Meta-Analysis of Inquiry Learning Models in Physics Learning". Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika 5, nr 3 (4.11.2021): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jipf.v5i3.3993.

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This study aims to analyze the effect of inquiry in physics learning which can be viewed in terms of education, results, materials, and research on the learning media used. The method used is Meta-Analysis with the research flow, namely determining the research topic, setting data criteria, searching for data, classifying data, analyzing and drawing conclusions. Data collection techniques using secondary data from 23 relevant articles from previous scientific publications. The data analysis technique uses effect size. The results of this meta-analysis conclude that the application of the inquiry learning model has a significant effect on physics learning, with an effect size value of 1.216. The application of inquiry in physics learning has a considerable impact if applied to the elementary school education level by producing outputs that increase understanding of concepts, use light subjects, and help learning media in worksheets.

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Jordan, Joanne L. "Additional Search Strategies May Not Be Necessary for a Rapid Systematic Review". Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 10, nr 2 (14.06.2015): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8fc77.

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A Review of: Westphal, A., Kriston, L., Hölzel, L.P., Härter, M., & von Wolff, A. (2014). Efficiency and contribution of strategies for finding randomized controlled trials: a case study from a systematic review on therapeutic interventions of chronic depression. Journal of Public Health Research, 3(2), 177. doi: 10.4081/jphr.2014.177 Abstract Objective – To evaluate the efficiency and contribution of additional searching strategies for finding randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in a systematic review. Design – A methodological case study. Setting – Biomedical literature. Methods – A sensitive search (defined as “the ratio of the number of relevant reports identified to the total number of relevant reports in existence”) was conducted of electronic databases, Cochrane CENTRAL database, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, BIOSIS, and Web of Science databases (Science and Social Science Citation Indexes). The following additional searching strategies were conducted: hand-searching contents of relevant journals (Archives of General Psychiatry, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, and Journal of Affective Disorders), citation tracking (forwards tracking using Social Science and Science Citation Index and backwards tracking by looking through reference lists of included studies), screening reference lists of relevant systematic reviews, searching clinical trials registers (ClinicalTrials.gov and ICTRP registers), and contacting first authors of included studies to find any similar unpublished studies. The number of articles identified by each of these methods was recorded and screened for inclusion in the systematic review. The authors calculated what they labelled as the ‘efficiency’ of each searching strategy (the number of included studies identified by the search method as a proportion of the full text articles screened) and the ‘contribution’ of the search strategies (the ratio of included studies identified by that method to the final number of included studies in the systematic review). The methodological quality of each included study was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, which is a critical appraisal checklist used to judge the study’s value in the systematic review. The meta-analysis in the systematic review was conducted with and without the studies identified by the additional searching strategies to assess their impact on the review’s findings. Main Results – In total 50 studies were identified, 42 from electronic database searches and 8 from additional search strategies. As illustrated by the results in Table 1, the most useful additional search strategy was screening reference lists of relevant systematic reviews. Journal hand-searching and contacting authors also contributed to the review. Of the eight studies identified by the additional search strategies none were judged to have a low risk of bias (four had high risk of bias and four were unclear). Of the 42 included studies from electronic searches only 11 were judged to have a low risk of bias, whereas 9 studies had a high risk of bias and 22 were unclear. Excluding the eight studies retrieved from additional search strategies in the systematic review meta-analysis did not influence the results on the effectiveness of the different interventions for chronic depression. These studies were found to be indexed correctly on the electronic databases, but were not identified in the initial search. Conclusion – Additional search strategies, especially screening reference lists of systematic reviews and hand-searching relevant journals, retrieved a substantial number of relevant studies for a systematic review of interventions for treating chronic depression. However, results of the review’s meta-analysis did not differ when these additional studies (rated as either high or unclear risk of bias) were not included and search methods were time consuming. It might be reasonable to rely on electronic searching strategies when resources for conducting a systematic review are limited or when doing a “rapid review.” The benefits and limitations of additional search strategies should be considered particularly when resources or time for conducting a systematic review are limited. If the electronic database search is sensitive and includes the Cochrane CENTRAL database additional search strategies may not be necessary, but these findings should be tested in other research areas.

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Choi, Yun-Jung. "Efficacy of Adjunctive Treatments Added to Olanzapine or Clozapine for Weight Control in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/970730.

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Objectives. This study was conducted to review systematically adjunctive treatments for weight reduction in patients with schizophrenia and compare efficacies of clinical trials through meta-analysis, so as to provide effective clinical guideline regarding weight control for patients taking atypical antipsychotics.Methods. Candidate clinical trials were identified through searching the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, and PsycINFO. Fourteen randomized clinical trials were included for systematic review and meta-analysis from 132 potential trials. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2 was used for meta-analysis.Results. Difference in means and significances from meta-analyses regarding weight control by adjunctive treatments showed that topiramate, aripiprazole, or sibutramine was more effective than metformin or reboxetine. Psychiatric evaluations did not show statistically significant changes between treatment groups and placebo groups except topiramate adjunctive treatments. Adverse effects regarding adjunctive therapies were tolerable and showed statistically no significances compared to control groups.Conclusion. Though having several reports related to exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms, topiramate and aripiprazole are more efficacious than other medications in regard to weight reduction and less burden of critical adverse effects as well as being beneficial for clinical improvement.

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Salim, Ahmad, Wisam K. Jummar, Farah Maath Jasim i Mohammed Yousif. "Eurasian oystercatcher optimiser: New meta-heuristic algorithm". Journal of Intelligent Systems 31, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 332–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2022-0017.

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Abstract Modern optimisation is increasingly relying on meta-heuristic methods. This study presents a new meta-heuristic optimisation algorithm called Eurasian oystercatcher optimiser (EOO). The EOO algorithm mimics food behaviour of Eurasian oystercatcher (EO) in searching for mussels. In EOO, each bird (solution) in the population acts as a search agent. The EO changes the candidate mussel according to the best solutions to finally eat the best mussel (optimal result). A balance must be achieved among the size, calories, and energy of mussels. The proposed algorithm is benchmarked on 58 test functions of three phases (unimodal, multimodal, and fixed-diminution multimodal) and compared with several important algorithms as follows: particle swarm optimiser, grey wolf optimiser, biogeography based optimisation, gravitational search algorithm, and artificial bee colony. Finally, the results of the test functions prove that the proposed algorithm is able to provide very competitive results in terms of improved exploration and exploitation balances and local optima avoidance.

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Taufik, Wirda, Lufri Lufri, Zulyusri Zulyusri i Fitri Arsih. "META ANALISIS PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS". Bioilmi: Jurnal Pendidikan 8, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/bioilmi.v8i1.12882.

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This study aims to analyze previously published studies so as to obtain a summary of the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model on students' critical thinking abilities in learning biology. This research is an experimental research with a meta-analysis technique. This meta-analysis technique is carried out in several steps, namely (1) determining the research topic, (2) determining the period of the article to be used, (3) searching for scientific articles that will support the research, (4) reading, determining, and analyzing the article to be used, (5) analyze, process, and conclude the data obtained. The research method used in this research is a survey of scientific research articles and other scientific publications. The effect of studies that have applied the problem-based learning model is analyzed using meta-analysis techniques. The findings of this study reveal that the problem-based learning model has an effect on students' critical thinking skills in learning biology. This can be seen from the results of a meta-analysis study with an average effect size of 0.52 on the moderate criteria.

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Nahidh, Mohammed, Yassir A. Yassir i Grant T. McIntyre. "Different Methods of Canine Retraction- Part 1". Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry 34, nr 3 (15.09.2022): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26477/jbcd.v34i3.3217.

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Background: This review aimed at explaining different methods of canine retraction along the archwire. Methods: Searching for different methods of canine retraction using fixed orthodontic appliances was carried out using different databases, including PubMed Central, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, the Cochrane Library, Textbooks, Google Scholar, Research Gate, and hand searching from 1930 till February 2022. Results: After excluding the duplicate articles, papers describing the methods of canine retraction along the archwires were included. The most commonly used methods are NiTi closed coil spring and elastic chain. Conclusions: Various methods of canine retraction along the archwires were explained in detail regarding their advantages, disadvantages, and comparisons among different methods supported by clinical trials, systematic review, and meta-analysis. The preferred method is canine retraction with NiTi closed coil spring with 150 and 200 gm. Elastic chain is considered an alternative, low-cost option.

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Peng, Wen-Yan, Kun Ye, Di Qin, Tai-Chun Tang, Min Chen i Hui Zheng. "Searching for a Definition of Refractory Irritable Bowel Syndrome: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases 30, nr 4 (21.12.2021): 495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.15403/jgld-3952.

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Background and Aims: The pathological mechanism of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is unclarified, which commonly leads to unresponsiveness to conventional treatments. The diagnostic criteria for refractory IBS are not clearly defined. We performed a systematic review to summarize the key points of the definition of refractory IBS in different studies. We also conducted a meta-analysis to explore whether the diverse definitions for refractory IBS affect the therapeutic effect of gut-directed hypnotherapy (GDH). Methods: We searched OVID Medline, Embase and Cochrane (until September 2020) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) recruiting patients with refractory IBS. We evaluated the definition of refractory IBS through the following aspects: duration of symptoms, unresponsive to dietary intervention, lifestyle modification, pharmacology, psychology, severity assessment and adequate explanation. The effect of the different definitions for refractory IBS on the therapeutic effect of gut-directed hypnotherapy (GDH) was checked by a meta-analysis. Results: Twenty-one RCTs were finally included. Six (28.6%) out of 21 RCTs recruited patients with symptoms lasting for over 12 months; 8 (38.1%) RCTs reported a prior use of dietary intervention; 1 (4.8%) RCT reported the use of lifestyle modification; 11 (52.4%) RCTs recruited patients who were unresponsive to pharmacology; 2 (9.5%) RCTs recruited patients with no response to psychological therapy ; 5 (23.8%) RCTs had symptoms severity assessment; and 8 (38.1%) RCTs recruited patients who were informed adequately. Despite being tested in trials with heterogeneous definition of refractory IBS, GDH had similar effectiveness when compared with supportive treatment [standardized mean difference (SMD)=-0.69, 95%CI: -0.93 to -0.44)] or waiting-list control (SMD=-0.54, 95%CI: -0.98 to -0.10). Conclusions: Varied definitions in refractory IBS were common phenomena in clinical studies. Resistance to symptom severity assessment and psychological treatments should be more explicitly defined. Gut-directed hypnotherapy was efficacious for refractory IBS and was not affected by the diversity in the definition of refractory IBS among RCTs.

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Tenzek, Kelly, i Rachel Depner. "Still Searching: A Meta-Synthesis of a Good Death from the Bereaved Family Member Perspective". Behavioral Sciences 7, nr 4 (25.04.2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs7020025.

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