Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Mental illness Australia”
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Spis treści
Zobacz listy aktualnych artykułów, książek, rozpraw, streszczeń i innych źródeł naukowych na temat „Mental illness Australia”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Mental illness Australia"
1
Lien, On. "Attitudes of the Vietnamese Community towards Mental Illness". Australasian Psychiatry 1, nr 3 (sierpień 1993): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10398569309081340.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
There are approximately 155,000 Vietnamese born people in Australia, with 46,000 in Victoria. The majority came to Australia as refugees. Many were subjected to the reality or threat of war, persecution, imprisonment, discrimination, economic deprivation, violence, the loss of family or other major stressors. These stressors have included the hazards of the escape, lengthy stays in refugee camps and, on arrival in Australia, lack of familiarity with English and with the culture. The Vietnamese Community in Australia was expected to have a high prevalence of mental illness, especially when newly arrived from refugee camps. In a study published in 1986 as “The Price of Freedom” [1] 32% of the young Vietnamese adult group was found to suffer from psychiatric disorder. At follow-up two years later, the prevalence of psychiatric disorder, without any major intervention, had dropped to 5–6%, a prevalence lower than that in the Australian-born community. In addition, the Vietnamese community's use of mental health services (inpatient and community-based) is lower than that of any other ethnic group.
2
McAllister, Ashley. "Five Challenges of Designing Disability Income Support for People with Mental Illnesses: A Qualitative Case Study of Australia and Ontario". Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 36, nr 4 (1.12.2017): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2017-035.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In most disability income support (DIS) programs, mental illnesses is the fastest growing category of illness, but it is unknown how policy designers consider this vulnerable group. Forty-five DIS policy designers in Australia and Ontario explained how they consider mental illnesses when designing policy. Using a grounded theory approach, five challenges emerged: validating duration, proving an illness, (un)differentiating mental illnesses, managing mental illnesses, and separating the person from the illness. Each challenge is described and compared across Australia and Ontario. These challenges provide a framework for other settings to determine how well their DIS policies have considered mental illnesses in policy design.
3
King, Shannon C., Amanda L. Rebar, Paul Oliveri i Robert Stanton. "Australian paramedic students’ mental health literacy and attitudes towards mental health". Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice 17, nr 1 (11.10.2021): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmhtep-03-2021-0027.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Purpose Australian paramedics regularly encounter patients experiencing mental illness. However, some paramedics hold negative attitudes towards the use of emergency services in providing care for these patients. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to examine the mental health literacy (MHL) of Australian paramedic students, and the training and experiential factors associated with MHL. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional online survey was delivered to paramedic students across Australia. A total of 94 paramedic students completed the survey examining MHL, mental health first aid (MHFA) intentions, confidence in providing help, personal and perceived stigma and willingness to interact with a person experiencing mental illness. Findings Participants generally had poor MHFA intentions in spite of good recognition of mental health disorders and good knowledge about mental health. Participants also demonstrated low stigmatising attitudes towards mental illness; however, they expressed a lack of willingness to interact with a person experiencing mental illness. Originality/value Our findings propose a combination of work-based experience and specific MHFA training may be beneficial to paramedic students to improve care for patients experiencing mental illness.
4
Sved Williams, Anne E. "Perinatal and infant mental health in Australia: moving forward towards REAL prevention and early intervention – can we do it?" Australasian Psychiatry 25, nr 3 (27.04.2017): 274–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856217700761.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Objectives: Australia has been at the forefront of appropriate early intervention. Prevention of mental illness in infants by early identification and intervention in the mental health of their mothers has stalled since the cessation of funding through the National Perinatal Depression Initiative (NPDI, 2009–2015). Whilst screening for maternal mental illness has been widely implemented throughout Australia during the last two decades, services are now diminishing and great opportunities to ride the crest of a wave for appropriate mental illness intervention are receding. Reviews of history and interventions internationally may help guide future directions. Conclusions: Advocacy through across-agency and across-political-party support has been markedly successful for perinatal and infant mental health in the United Kingdom. A solid foundation exists in Australia. Australian psychiatrists have the ability to continue to change the face of prevention and early intervention.
5
Maybery, Darryl John, Andrea E. Reupert, Kent Patrick, Melinda Goodyear i Lin Crase. "Prevalence of parental mental illness in Australian families". Psychiatric Bulletin 33, nr 1 (styczeń 2009): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.107.018861.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Aims and MethodTo provide multiple estimates of the numbers of Australian and Victorian families and children living in families where a parent has had a mental illness. We used the Australian Bureau of Statistics Victorian Mental Health Branch service usage and data collected from 701 community participants to triangulate prevalence information.ResultsAccording to population estimates, 23.3% of all children in Australia have a parent with a non-substance mental illness, 20.4% of mental health service users have dependent children and 14.4% of the community study participants report having at least one parent with a mental illness.Clinical ImplicationsThe multiple prevalence estimates of the numbers of children in families with parental mental illness provide fundamental information for psychiatric policy, planning and programming.
6
Drew, Leslie R. H. "Mortality and Mental Illness". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, nr 3 (marzec 2005): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01543.x.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background: The finding by Lawrence, Holman and Jablensky (Duty to Care) that mortality among the mentally ill in Western Australia was 2.5 times that of the general population, seemingly, has great significance for public policy concerning the mentally ill. ‘Mortality’ could be a useful outcome measure for mental health services. Objectives: To replicate that study in the Australian Capital territory (ACT), comparing mortality rates in the mentally ill with those of the total population. Method: A list of all people who contacted the ACT mental health services between 1985 and 2000 was compiled. Using the national register of deaths (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare), persons known to the mental health services who died between 1990 and 2000 were identified and sex, date of birth, date of death, cause of death and place of death were noted. Using Australian Bureau of Statistics data for all deaths in the ACT, deaths in the total population and in the mentally ill population were tabulated for the period 1996–2000. With 1996 data as the base, using total population data from the ABS and mental health population data derived by amending ‘the list’ to remove duplications, pre1996 deaths and post1996 additions, mortality rates for the period 1996–2000 were compared. Results: The gender and age distribution of the mentally ill population and the total population, and of deaths in those populations, were very different. One third of all deaths in the mentally ill occurred outside of the ACT. Compared with the general population, mortality in the mentally ill (including deaths outside of the ACT) was only slightly excessive for ‘all causes’ and ischaemic heart disease but grossly excessive for ‘suicide’. Conclusions: This study did not confirm the excessive mortality rate in the mentally ill reported by Lawrence et al. except for suicide. Many methodological issues in using population studies to attempt to measure the size of the increase were identified. Differences in method between the ACT and WA studies probably explain the differences in results. Caution is urged in using the results of mortality studies as determinants of public policy or to evaluate services.
7
Dwyer, Judith, i Sandra Leggat. "Australian Health Review call for papers". Australian Health Review 29, nr 4 (2005): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah050377.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The editors of Australian Health Review are seeking articles for an upcoming issue on mental health services in Australia and New Zealand. It is estimated that mental health problems and mental illness will affect more than 20% of the adult population in their lifetime and between 10%?15% of young people in any one year. In Australia, through the National Mental Health Strategy, all levels of Australian government have recognised the need to work together to reform services and policy to ensure that, wherever possible, people with a mental illness are able to enjoy the same opportunities as other Australians. In New Zealand, the Mental Health Commission envisions a place where people with mental illness have personal power, full participation in their communities and access to a fully developed range of recovery-oriented services. To help inform policy and practice, Australian Health Review is looking to publish research papers, case studies and commentaries related to mental health. Some potential topic areas include: � Governance and management � Consumer and community perspectives � Program evaluation and economic analysis � Impact of policy. Submissions related to international programs with lessons for Australia and New Zealand will also be welcomed. Submissions can be short commentaries of 1000 to 2000 words, or a more comprehensive review of the topic of 2000 to 3000 words. The deadline for submission is 15 February 2006.
8
Siegloff, Shari, i Rosalie Aroni. "Mental illness and "self"-management in rural Australia: caregivers' perspectives". Australian Journal of Primary Health 9, nr 3 (2003): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py03029.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Current models of chronic disease self-management incorporate an understanding that people with chronic illnesses, their carers and clinicians need to work together in addressing illness management issues (Von Korff, Gruman, Schaefer, Curry, & Wagner, 1997) and that this process enhances personal control of health (Lorig, Ritter et al., 2000). The question we ask is whether the understandings in these models, both implicit and explicit, apply to those people living with mental illness in rural areas in Australia. In-depth interviews were used to explore and examine the way in which carers of people living with mental illness in rural Victoria experienced and perceived the nature of chronic disease self-management. Our findings indicate that illness management in rural areas occurs predominantly as a partnership between the person with mental illness and the family members who act as caregivers, rather than a partnership with health professionals. This confirms that the lack of resources in the rural mental health care system results in a crisis-oriented service rather than a service that is able to respond to preventative and ongoing mental health care. This is recognised as a considerable burden for many families and requires further examination. In addition, a finding of considerable clinical and policy importance in this arena is the experience of family caregivers as partners in not only the support of the ?management? aspects of self-management of mental illness, but also in supporting the person living with mental illness in the maintenance of the ?self? aspect of self-management.
9
Bates, Ann, Vivien Kemp i Mohan Isaac. "Peer Support Shows Promise in Helping Persons Living with Mental Illness Address Their Physical Health Needs". Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 27, nr 2 (1.09.2008): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2008-0015.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The physical health of individuals with long-term mental illnesses has long been of concern. In Western Australia, the overall mortality rate from preventable causes of people living with mental illness was reported to be 2.5 times greater than that of the general population. A trial peer support service was initiated to assist people with mental illness to attend to their physical health needs. This paper presents the planning, implementation, and results of this collaborative initiative involving nongovernment agencies, the public mental health service, consumers of mental health services, and the University of Western Australia.
10
Castle, David J. "Letter from Australia: mental healthcare in Victoria". Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 17, nr 1 (styczeń 2011): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.110.008375.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
SummaryMental health services in the state of Victoria, Australia, have undergone enormous change over the past 15 years, with the closure of all stand-alone psychiatric hospitals and a shift of resources and services into the community. Although successful overall, various areas cause concern, including pressure on acute beds, a paucity of alternative residential options, and suboptimal integration of government and non-government agencies concerned with the care of people with mental illnesses. Certain groups, notably those with complex symptom sets such as substance use and mental illness, intellectual disability and forensic problems, remain poorly catered for by the system. Finally, community stigma and lack of work inclusion for mentally ill individuals are ongoing challenges.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Mental illness Australia"
1
Sia, Lavina Si Xuan. "Suboptimal sleep among persons with a mental illness in Australia". Thesis, Sia, Lavina Si Xuan (2019) Suboptimal sleep among persons with a mental illness in Australia. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2019. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/60869/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background: Persons with a mental illness commonly report experiencing suboptimal sleep and several sociodemographic factors have been shown to be associated with suboptimal sleep. However, there is a lack of research exploring these in a representative sample of Australian adults, especially those with a mental illness. The present study aimed to (i) describe the prevalence of suboptimal sleep in a representative sample of Australian adults, categorised according to recently published sleep duration and quality guidelines (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015; Ohayon et al., 2017), and whether prevalence rates varied between persons with and without a mental illness; and (ii) examine associations between suboptimal sleep and sociodemographic factors and explore variations in such, according to mental health status.
Method: A cross-sectional study was done using data from the National Social Survey (n = 1265) with a representative sample of Australian adults. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to investigate associations between various sociodemographic factors and suboptimal sleep parameters.
Results: Findings showed that suboptimal sleep, in both duration and quality, affects a considerable proportion of Australian adults (5%-20%), and a significantly higher proportion of those with a mental illness (6%-39%). Consistent with previous research, sociodemographic characteristics associated with a greater likelihood of suboptimal sleep in persons without a mental illness include age, gender, marital status, employment, educational attainment, and Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander status. For persons with a mental illness, males (OR = 3.82; p < 0.001), adults aged 18 to 65 (aged 18-24: OR =12.15, p < 0.05; aged 24-65: OR = 3.00; p < 0.001), and individuals with an unpaid employment (OR = 3.75; p < 0.05), were more likely to report experiencing suboptimal sleep.
Conclusion: Understanding the prevalence of suboptimal sleep and sociodemographic variables associated with suboptimal sleep in persons with a mental illness can have both broader public health and clinical implications for assessment, screening and early intervention of subgroups that are more likely to report suboptimal sleep, given the bidirectional relationship between sleep and mental health.
Keywords: Sleep; Prevalence rates; Mental illness; Sociodemographic characteristics
2
Endrawes, Gihane, University of Western Sydney, College of Social and Health Sciences i of Nursing Family and Community Health School. "Egyptian families caring for a relative with mental illness in Australia". THESIS_CSHS_NFC_Endrawes_G.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/713.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The meaning of caregiving for a relative with mental illness has been explored in many research studies: however, there is a lack of studies on the caregiving experience within the Egyptian culture. This study aimed at getting closer to Egyptian families caring for a relative with mental illness in Australia in order to reveal how these families live and cope with mental illness, their attitudes, their beliefs and practices and how the experience affected them. Qualitative hermeneutic phenomenology informed by the work of Heidegger was used. Seven participants from Egyptian background, caring for a relative with mental illness participated and all interviews were audio-taped. Interviews were conducted in the Arabic language and were then translated and transcribed into English. All interviews were compared and five common themes were identified. Why did it happen?: How do I protect my loved ones?: What has it done to me?: What has it done to us?: and How do I survive? Findings of the study have the potential to raise health care professionals’ awareness of the needs of Egyptian families, their beliefs, values and coping with mental illness. Strengths and limitations of the study are also presented to inform future researchDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
3
Degenhardt, Louisa Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Comorbidity between substance use and mental health in Australia: Relationships of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use with other substance use and mental disorders". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Psychology, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/18247.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Research into the comorbidity (or co-occurrence) of mental disorders is a relatively recent phenomenon. Much of this research has been conducted in clinical samples, which are prone to a range of biases that mean that the patterns observed are not representative of the general population. Although population-level research has previously been carried out, this thesis provides the first examination of comorbidity in the Australian population. This thesis examined the comorbidity of substance use and mental disorders among Australian adults. The major empirical work involved an examination of the patterns of homotypic comorbidity (other substance use disorders) and heterotypic comorbidity (mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and psychosis) of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis in the 1997 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being (NSMHWB). These drugs were chosen as they are the most commonly used psychoactive substances in the Australian population. The NSMHWB involved a structured diagnostic interview of mental disorders with a representative sample of Australian adults. Three questions were addressed using this data: (1) What patterns of comorbidity exist between tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use, and other substance use and mental disorders?; (2) Are these patterns of comorbidity explained by common factors?; and (3) Does comorbidity affect the likelihood that mental health treatment has been sought? Similar patterns of homotypic comorbidity were observed for all three substances, and they were not explained by the other factors examined (gender, age, education, relationship status, employment and neuroticism). Cannabis dependence was the most strongly associated with other substance use disorders. Heterotypic comorbidity differed between alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use. Tobacco use predicted increased rates of all three groups of mental disorders (mood, anxiety and psychotic disorders). In the case of alcohol, only alcohol dependence was related to increased rates of all groups of mental disorders; alcohol use and abuse were not associated with heterotypic comorbidity. Any level of cannabis involvement was related to a similarly increased risk of mood and anxiety disorders. Cannabis use was linearly related to the risk of screening positively for psychosis. Common factors did not change the patterns of heterotypic comorbidity of tobacco and alcohol use. However, alcohol, tobacco and other drug use appeared to explain the higher rates of mood and anxiety disorders among cannabis users. Treatment seeking was much more likely among alcohol, tobacco and cannabis users when they had comorbid mental disorders. It was moderately increased when they had comorbid substance use disorders. The second piece of empirical work provided a more detailed examination of comorbid substance use problems among persons with psychosis. This topic was selected due to the limited epidemiological research on this issue, and the relatively large burden of disability that psychosis places upon the individual and the community. NSMHWB data were used to examine the prevalence of comorbid substance use disorders among persons who were likely to have met criteria for psychosis (as assessed by a screener used in the NSMHWB). Multiple regression analyses were used to test possible explanations for the higher rates of substance use disorders observed among persons reporting higher numbers of psychotic symptoms. The odds of alcohol dependence and regular tobacco use increased 1.5 times, and the odds of cannabis dependence increased twice, with each additional psychotic symptom reported, after adjusting for other substance use disorders, other mental disorders and demographic characteristics. Given the debate about the reasons for the association between cannabis use and psychosis, the final study used mathematical modelling to test four hypotheses about relationships between cannabis use and psychosis. Specifically, it examined trends in psychosis that would be predicted given the marked increases in the prevalence of cannabis use that have occurred in Australia over the past thirty years. The results suggested that a causal relationship - in which cannabis use caused psychosis among persons who would not otherwise have developed the disorder - is unlikely to explain the association. There was a better fit to the data provided by the other hypotheses examined, namely, that (a) cannabis use precipitates psychosis among vulnerable individuals; (b) cannabis use increases the risk of relapse among persons with psychosis; and (c) persons with psychosis are more likely to become regular cannabis users (without any effect upon the disorder). This thesis has demonstrated that in Australian adults there is significant comorbidity between alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use and other substance use and mental disorders. These patterns differ across the three substances. Some types of heterotypic comorbidity (e.g. between cannabis use and mood/anxiety disorders) are explained by common factors. The limited range of common factors tested here did not explain homotypic comorbidity. This thesis also suggested that mathematical modelling is a useful approach to consider when examining the plausibility of different relationships between risk factors and mental disorders. A number of hypotheses regarding comorbidity could not be tested using NSMHWB data, such as common genetic and other environmental factors. These can best be tested in research with samples of twins, and using longitudinal designs that assess a wide range of social and environmental factors. The findings of this thesis also have implications for treatment, because persons with comorbid disorders are more likely to seek treatment. There is an absence of validated treatments for persons with comorbid substance use and mental disorders, and more research is needed on this issue.
4
Holland, Kate E., i n/a. "Conformity and resistance: Discursive struggles in the Australian mental health field". University of Canberra. Communication, 2007. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20081022.153830.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This research explores areas of contention in the mental heath field in Australia through a
qualitative analysis of voices and practices that can broadly be seen as talking with and
talking back to psychiatry. The thesis is informed by key shifts in thinking that underpin
postpsychiatry and analyses a set of materials through an interpretive lens of reading
psychiatry against the grain (Bracken & Thomas, 2005; Lewis, 2006). In particular, it
examines a failed ethics application to conduct research with people diagnosed with a mental
illness, an anti-stigma campaign, the practices of some prominent mental health organisations
in Australia, a conversation with two members of an emerging consumer/survivor network in
Australia, and a television documentary and online discussion forum about an antidepressant
medication. The research draws from discourse analytic methods and concepts from social
movement framing research to identify factors shaping conformity and resistance to
psychiatric doxa in the Australian mental health field.
The research identifies the discursive repertoires that characterise the mental health field as a
"game" in which competing perspectives vie for recognition. In relation to research ethics
committees, the thesis argues that deference to clinical expertise is a potential barrier to
cultural studies of psychiatry and a more inclusive agenda in mental heath research and
practice. Some practices for ethics committees to consider when reviewing research that
involves people who may have been diagnosed with a mental illness are proposed. The
research also identifies problematic features of anti-stigma campaigns that direct their efforts
toward protecting and promoting the discourse of biomedical psychiatry. A critique of this
type of campaign is offered in relation to perspectives from postpsychiatry and social
constructionism. On the basis of this research, it is argued that organisations that champion
"mental health literacy" are limited in their ability to give voice to the goals and priorities of
those who are calling for a more open, reflexive and democratic debate in mental health. The
central argument of this thesis is that elevating first-person and postpsychiatry perspectives is
necessary in order to interrogate and address the dominance of the medical model in
psychiatry and its consequences.
5
Mostafanejad, Karola. "Young adults' experience of living with a mental illness in rural Western Australia: a grounded theory approach". Thesis, Curtin University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/79.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
It is estimated that one in five Australians are affected by a mental disorder, and the associated burden of living with a mental illness will become one of the greatest health care issues during the next 20 years. Since the 1960s, the care of people with mental disorders has been transferred to community settings including to rural areas of Australia through the process of deinstitutionalisation. However, research on young adults living with a mental illness in rural communities is limited, and the multidimensional experience of this group of young adults has not been previously explored. This study, guided by grounded theory methodology, explored young adults' experience of living with a mental illness in rural Western Australia. This thesis presents the findings of interviews with nine participants aged between 18 and 30 and places the findings within the context of relevant scientific literature. The constant comparative method used in grounded theory analysis identified that the basic social psychological problem experienced by all participants was "being shut out". The problem of being shut out consisted of two aspects: "being excluded" and "withdrawing from society". In order to manage the problem of being shut out, participants engaged in the basic social psychological process of "seeking normality". In seeking normality participants moved from a state of being shut out to one whereby they sought to take part in ordinary social activities taken for granted by other members of society. The process of seeking normality consisted of three phases: "floundering", "taking charge", and "moving forward. Phase one of the process occurred primarily in the period prior to experiencing a turning point, which changed the participants' willingness to take control of their life and to take effective steps in reducing their isolation.Participants' experience of being shut out was not related to the duration of their illness but to their experience of seeking normality and the three conditions identified as influencing that experience. The findings, while supporting existing scientific literature, also present a new insight into young adults' experience of living with a mental illness in rural Western Australia. The findings of this study highlight the importance of health professionals' understanding young adults' experience of being shut out and to incorporate the increased knowledge and understanding into their clinical practice. Finally, the findings have implications on public education, healthcare services and healthcare policy in relation to young adults living with a mental illness.
6
Mostafanejad, Karola. "Young adults' experience of living with a mental illness in rural Western Australia : a grounded theory approach /". Curtin University of Technology, School of Nursing and Midwifery, 2005. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16160.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
It is estimated that one in five Australians are affected by a mental disorder, and the associated burden of living with a mental illness will become one of the greatest health care issues during the next 20 years. Since the 1960s, the care of people with mental disorders has been transferred to community settings including to rural areas of Australia through the process of deinstitutionalisation. However, research on young adults living with a mental illness in rural communities is limited, and the multidimensional experience of this group of young adults has not been previously explored. This study, guided by grounded theory methodology, explored young adults' experience of living with a mental illness in rural Western Australia. This thesis presents the findings of interviews with nine participants aged between 18 and 30 and places the findings within the context of relevant scientific literature. The constant comparative method used in grounded theory analysis identified that the basic social psychological problem experienced by all participants was "being shut out". The problem of being shut out consisted of two aspects: "being excluded" and "withdrawing from society". In order to manage the problem of being shut out, participants engaged in the basic social psychological process of "seeking normality". In seeking normality participants moved from a state of being shut out to one whereby they sought to take part in ordinary social activities taken for granted by other members of society. The process of seeking normality consisted of three phases: "floundering", "taking charge", and "moving forward. Phase one of the process occurred primarily in the period prior to experiencing a turning point, which changed the participants' willingness to take control of their life and to take effective steps in reducing their isolation.Participants' experience of being shut out was not related to the duration of their illness but to their experience of seeking normality and the three conditions identified as influencing that experience. The findings, while supporting existing scientific literature, also present a new insight into young adults' experience of living with a mental illness in rural Western Australia. The findings of this study highlight the importance of health professionals' understanding young adults' experience of being shut out and to incorporate the increased knowledge and understanding into their clinical practice. Finally, the findings have implications on public education, healthcare services and healthcare policy in relation to young adults living with a mental illness.
7
Ku, Tan Kan. "Culture and stigma towards mental illness : a comparison of general and psychiatric nurses of Chinese and Anglo-Australian backgrounds /". Connect to thesis, 2007. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/8400.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
A sample of 208 nurses (a response rate of 63%) participated in a study by responding to a questionnaire comprising of 170 items which examined nurses’ attitudes towards mental illness, and the association between contact, cultural values, general and practice stigma. General stigma refers to attitudes towards the mentally ill while practice stigma is informed from differential clinical practice approaches towards the care of two case vignettes describing a patient with mental illness and one with diabetes. Subjects were recruited using the snowballing technique and comprised of nurses (83 Anglo Psychiatric, 41 Anglo General, 49 Chinese Psychiatric and 35 Chinese General) currently practising in Victoria. Age ranged from 21 to 65 years. Principal components analyses were conducted on items to develop subscales related to individualism and collectivism, contact types, general and practice stigma. Analyses of variance and covariance were conducted to examine differences between nurse type and ethnicity and respectively, to account for possible differences in background, contact and in the case of practice stigma, general stigma.The key findings revealed differences according to nurse type and ethnicity in several of the subscales. Psychiatric nurses endorsed a higher level of contact than general nurses with mentally ill people on the variables ‘Contact Through Work Situation’, ‘Patient Help Nurses’ and ‘External Socialisation with Patient’, but not on the variable ‘Relative With Mental Illness’. By virtue of more contact, psychiatric nurses also endorsed less general stigma than general nurses, assessed by results from analysing social distancing, but not by negative stereotyping of people with mental illness. With respect to practice stigma, while care and satisfaction did not differ according to patient type and nurse type, psychiatric nurses expressed less authoritarianism and negativity than general nurses towards the mental illness case than general nurses while lesser differences between nurse types were evident for the diabetes case. Chinese nurses when compared with Anglo-Australian nurses, endorsed more highly collectivist values measured by the variables ‘Ingroup Interdependence’ and ‘Ingroup Role Concern’ but there was no difference in individualist values. This may reflect acculturation towards Western values but also retention of Chinese values, interpreted in the light of other results on cultural affiliation, as a bicultural position. Chinese nurses endorsed more highly general stigma towards the mentally ill than Anglo nurses when statistically controlling for differences in background demographics and contact factors.
Nursing satisfaction did not differ in ethnicity and patient type. Chinese nurses endorsed more highly care and authoritarianism in their clinical practice approaches than Anglo-Australian nurses, although there was no significant interaction effect between ethnicity and patient type on care and authoritarianism. Chinese nurses endorsed more highly negativity than Anglo-Australian nurses for the mental illness case than the diabetes case, an effect later shown to be mediated by differences in general stigma between the two ethnic groups. Within the Chinese sample, higher contact was associated with lower differential negativity for the mental illness than the diabetes case. Several path analyses suggested Chinese values influenced differential negativity, mediated by general stigma and prior diversified contact with people having a mental illness.
It may be concluded from these results that practice stigma is related to cultural values but the relationship is mediated by general stigma and contact. What aspect of the Chinese values specifically correlates with general stigma remains a question for further research, but several possibilities are discussed.
8
Watson, Robert. "Generalist telephone counselling and referral call data as a social indicator : a lifeline to social support?" Thesis, University of Ballarat, 2006. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/32838.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The aim of this Australian Research Council Linkage doctoral project with industry partners UnitingCare-Lifeline Ballarat and Lifeline Australia was to investigate whether calls to Lifeline – a generalist telephone counselling and referral service – could be used as valid and reliable social indicators of health. The Lifeline Australia service receives approximately 1,000 calls a day and key details of each call are recorded on its Client Services Management Information System (CSMIS). A number of research questions directed this study: (1) What are the characteristics or attributes of callers to Lifeline?; (2) How do the patterns of calls to Lifeline vary spatially?; and (3) What is the statistical relationship between calls to Lifeline and other measures of community health? This thesis presents a detailed descriptive summary and analysis of Lifeline’s national CSMIS call data (N = 90,128 cases) from 01-04-2003 to 29-06-2003. It explores this and other sources of call data, such as the Telstra Exchange data, for their potential to be used as social indicators. The project created a model of generalist telephone counselling and referral use (MGTCRU). The MGTCRU was used as a theoretical base to a call rate indicator, named the Lifeline Indicator of Social Need (LISN), which reflects the community’s capacity to provide social support to its most socially isolated residents. The LISN was found to have useful attributes and a potential for use as a social indicator of community strength. The call rate indicator showed a statistically significant relationship with the Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia, measures of socio-economic disadvantage, and suicide rates. However, the CSMIS database was found to have certain limitations. The thesis presents recommendations for this situation to be addressed. While acknowledging that there are limitations to telephone counselling call data it is clear that these call data can be used to create cost effective, rapid, reliable, and potentially valid social indicators. This thesis has made a number of significant empirical and theoretical contributions to knowledge on telephone counselling and referral. The descriptive summary of the CSMIS data provided in this thesis might be used in innovative ways by social researchers. The LISN could be used on its own or included in other social indices. The MGTCRU provides a theoretical framework for understanding telephone counselling and referral services use and may assist these services to organise their operations and meet the needs of their callers. This project may have particular application to a current upgrade of Lifeline Australia’s telephony and call data systems.Doctor of Philosophy
9
Watson, Robert. "Generalist telephone counselling and referral call data as a social indicator : a lifeline to social support?" University of Ballarat, 2006. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/15563.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The aim of this Australian Research Council Linkage doctoral project with industry partners UnitingCare-Lifeline Ballarat and Lifeline Australia was to investigate whether calls to Lifeline – a generalist telephone counselling and referral service – could be used as valid and reliable social indicators of health. The Lifeline Australia service receives approximately 1,000 calls a day and key details of each call are recorded on its Client Services Management Information System (CSMIS). A number of research questions directed this study: (1) What are the characteristics or attributes of callers to Lifeline?; (2) How do the patterns of calls to Lifeline vary spatially?; and (3) What is the statistical relationship between calls to Lifeline and other measures of community health? This thesis presents a detailed descriptive summary and analysis of Lifeline’s national CSMIS call data (N = 90,128 cases) from 01-04-2003 to 29-06-2003. It explores this and other sources of call data, such as the Telstra Exchange data, for their potential to be used as social indicators. The project created a model of generalist telephone counselling and referral use (MGTCRU). The MGTCRU was used as a theoretical base to a call rate indicator, named the Lifeline Indicator of Social Need (LISN), which reflects the community’s capacity to provide social support to its most socially isolated residents. The LISN was found to have useful attributes and a potential for use as a social indicator of community strength. The call rate indicator showed a statistically significant relationship with the Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia, measures of socio-economic disadvantage, and suicide rates. However, the CSMIS database was found to have certain limitations. The thesis presents recommendations for this situation to be addressed. While acknowledging that there are limitations to telephone counselling call data it is clear that these call data can be used to create cost effective, rapid, reliable, and potentially valid social indicators. This thesis has made a number of significant empirical and theoretical contributions to knowledge on telephone counselling and referral. The descriptive summary of the CSMIS data provided in this thesis might be used in innovative ways by social researchers. The LISN could be used on its own or included in other social indices. The MGTCRU provides a theoretical framework for understanding telephone counselling and referral services use and may assist these services to organise their operations and meet the needs of their callers. This project may have particular application to a current upgrade of Lifeline Australia’s telephony and call data systems.Doctor of Philosophy
10
Turner, Jayne University of Ballarat. "Mental health of older adults : the development and testing of a model". University of Ballarat, 2006. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/12778.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The high rates of depression and suicide among older adults have given rise to research which aims to identify factors that protect older people from mental illness. Recently, Bailey and McLaren (2005) developed and tested a model which investigated the relationships between engagement in various leisure activities performed alone or with others, sense of belonging, depression, and suicidal ideation. The present study examined an extended version of the mental health model, incorporating the additional variables of perceived freedom in leisure and physical health status. A sample of Australian males and females (N = 379) aged 65 years and over (M age = 77.23, SD = 7.48) completed the Perceived Freedom in Leisure Questionnaire, the Yale Physical Activity Survey,the Duke Health Profile, the Sense of Belonging Instrument, the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depressive Scale, and the Suicide Subscale of the General Health Questionnaire. Results indicated that the model was invariant for gender, and accounted for 56% of the variance in suicidal ideation. The model indicated that physical health had direct relationships with each variable in the model. Perceived freedom in leisure predicted engagement in physical activity, sense of belonging-antecedent, and depression, whereas sense of belonging psychological state predicted depression and suicidal ideation. Results suggest that interventions aimed at improving older adults’ perceptions of freedom and personal choice with regard to their leisure experiences, maintaining optimal health, and increasing opportunities to foster feelings of belonging and relatedness with others, should protect against the development of mental ill health.Doctor of Psychology (Clinical)
Książki na temat "Mental illness Australia"
1
Bakshi, Leena. Reducing stigma about mental illness in transcultural settings: A guide. Melbourne: Australian Transcultural Mental Health Network, 1999.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
2
Conference, TheMHS (Organization). Book of proceedings: 29-30 August 2000, 10th annual TheMHS Conference, Adelaide, Australia : creativity & development : services for the future : contemporary TheMHS in mental health services. Balmain, NSW: Mental Health Services Conference Inc. of Australia and New Zealand, 2001.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
3
Broker, Charlie. Effective nursing care for people with a serious mental illness: Learning from the experience in Sydney, Australia. London: Florence Nightingale Foundation, 1996.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
4
Checkers. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
5
Madness in the family: Insanity and institutions in the Australasian colonial world, 1860-1914. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
6
Cawte, John. The last of the lunatics. Carlton, Vic: Melbourne University Press, 1998.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
7
The mad poet's tea party. North Melbourne, Vic: Spinifex Press, 2015.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
8
Bauer, Michael Gerard. The running man. New York: Greenwillow Books, 2008.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
9
Coleborne, Catharine. Madness in Australia (UUQPAustralian Studies). University of Queensland Press, 2003.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
10
Humanising Mental Health Care in Australia. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Mental illness Australia"
1
Minas, Harry. "Mental Health in Multicultural Australia". W Mental Health, Mental Illness and Migration, 135–64. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2366-8_10.
Pełny tekst źródła
2
Minas, Harry. "Mental Health in Multicultural Australia". W Mental Health and Illness in Migration, 1–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0750-7_10-1.
Pełny tekst źródła
3
Punter, Helen, i Simon Bronitt. "New paradigms of policing mental illness in Australia". W Policing and Mental Health, 59–82. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge frontiers of criminal justice: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429470882-5.
Pełny tekst źródła
4
Harman, Georgie, i Jack Heath. "Australian Country Perspective: The Work of beyondblue and SANE Australia". W The Stigma of Mental Illness - End of the Story?, 289–315. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27839-1_16.
Pełny tekst źródła
5
Ramon, Shulamit, Bill Healy i Noel Renouf. "Recovery from mental illness as an emergent concept and practice in Australia and the UK". W Mental Health Still Matters, 316–32. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-92322-9_49.
Pełny tekst źródła
6
Kotze, Beth. "The Policy Context and Governance". W Longer-Term Psychiatric Inpatient Care for Adolescents, 161–67. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1950-3_18.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractThe Walker Unit opened in 2009 as the first of its kind in Australia to provide an intensive longer stay secure psychiatric inpatient rehabilitation programme for adolescents with severe mental illness who had not benefited from at least one but generally repeated admissions or prolonged care in other tertiary inpatient unit settings. Unusually, this happened at a time when the focus of reform in mental health at a State and National level is on community models, early intervention and community residential care rather than extended inpatient care in the specialist clinical sector. As a first of its kind, the Unit is an important innovation in inpatient mental health care and has garnered a reputation in the clinical sector for creating value in mental health care.
7
Hopgood, Fincina. "The Laughter and the Tears: Comedy, Melodrama and the Shift Towards Empathy for Mental Illness on Screen". W Australian Screen in the 2000s, 165–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48299-6_8.
Pełny tekst źródła
8
"Working in Partnership – Australia". W Reducing the Stigma of Mental Illness, 139–41. Cambridge University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511544255.021.
Pełny tekst źródła
9
Fraser, Jennifer, Lindsay Smith i Julia Taylor. "Mental health and illness in childhood and adolescence". W Paediatric Nursing in Australia, 130–53. Cambridge University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108123914.008.
Pełny tekst źródła
10
Dale, Matthew. "Mental Health Education and Literacy in Schools". W Mental Health Policy, Practice, and Service Accessibility in Contemporary Society, 205–25. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7402-6.ch011.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This chapter will look at the current situation concerning youth mental health in Australia and provide information about youth mental health literacy, which was first coined by Jorm in 1997. A literature review of current Australian mental health promotion and education programs being offered in schools will be conducted as well as examples of some of the better-known ones that have been implemented internationally. The evolution of mental health education in Australian schools will be examined so as to provide a perspective of how some of the current programs came into being or existence. The main aim of this chapter will be to highlight the high prevalence of mental illness that exists amongst young people in Australia and how implementing mental health education in schools can be beneficial and helpful in improving their mental health and wellbeing. Mental health education in schools can help in breaking down the stigma surrounding mental illness. Another benefit is that young people will be able to identify mental health problems earlier amongst their peers and in themselves, which can lead to early help seeking, especially due to young people gaining a higher level of mental health literacy through mental health education programs.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Mental illness Australia"
1
Raven, Melissa. "24 Untreated mental illness: ideology trumps evidence, fuelling overdiagnosis". W Preventing Overdiagnosis Abstracts, December 2019, Sydney, Australia. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2019-pod.38.
Pełny tekst źródła
2
Wardani, Arista Kusuma. "Interprofessional Collaboration on Mental Health: A Scoping Review". W The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.26.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ABSTRACT Background: The increasing prevalence rate of mental illness due to demographic changes became the burden of disease in primary health care. Effective interprofessional collaboration strategies are required to improve professional welfare and quality of care. Interdisciplinary teamwork plays an important role in the treatment of chronic care, including mental illness. This scoping review aimed to investigate the benefit and barrier of interprofessional collaboration approach to mental health care. Subjects and Method: A scoping review method was conducted in eight stages including (1) Identification of study problems; (2) Determining priority problem and study question; (3) Determining framework; (4) Literature searching; (5) Article selection; (6) Critical appraisal; (7) Data extraction; and (8) Mapping. The search included PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Willey Online library databases. The inclusion criteria were English-language, full-text, and free access articles published between 2010 and 2020. The data were reported by the PRISMA flow chart. Results: A total of 316 articles obtained from the search databases, in which 263 articles unmet the inclusion criteria and 53 duplicates were excluded. Based on the selected seven articles, one article from a developed country (Malaysia), and six articles from developing countries (Australia, Canada, Belgium, Norway) with quantitative (cross-sectional, surveillance) and qualitative study designs. The reviewed findings were benefit and barrier of interprofessional collaboration on mental health. Benefits included improve quality of care, increase job satisfaction, improve patient health status, increase staff satisfaction, increase performance motivation among employees, as well as shorter duration of treatment and lower cost. Barriers included hierarchy culture, lack of resources, lack of time, poor communication, and inadequate training. Conclusion: Interprofessional teamwork and collaboration have been considered an essential solution for effective mental health care. Keywords: interprofessional collaboration, benefit, barrier, mental health Correspondence: Arista Kusuma Wardani. Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Jl. Siliwangi (Ring Road Barat) No. 63 Mlangi, Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55292. Email: wardanikusuma1313@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281805204773 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.26
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Mental illness Australia"
1
McKenna, Patrick, i Mark Evans. Emergency Relief and complex service delivery: Towards better outcomes. Queensland University of Technology, czerwiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.211133.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Emergency Relief (ER) is a Department of Social Services (DSS) funded program, delivered by 197 community organisations (ER Providers) across Australia, to assist people facing a financial crisis with financial/material aid and referrals to other support programs. ER has been playing this important role in Australian communities since 1979. Without ER, more people living in Australia who experience a financial crisis might face further harm such as crippling debt or homelessness. The Emergency Relief National Coordination Group (NCG) was established in April 2020 at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to advise the Minister for Families and Social Services on the implementation of ER. To inform its advice to the Minister, the NCG partnered with the Institute for Governance at the University of Canberra to conduct research to understand the issues and challenges faced by ER Providers and Service Users in local contexts across Australia. The research involved a desktop review of the existing literature on ER service provision, a large survey which all Commonwealth ER Providers were invited to participate in (and 122 responses were received), interviews with a purposive sample of 18 ER Providers, and the development of a program logic and theory of change for the Commonwealth ER program to assess progress. The surveys and interviews focussed on ER Provider perceptions of the strengths, weaknesses, future challenges, and areas of improvement for current ER provision. The trend of increasing case complexity, the effectiveness of ER service delivery models in achieving outcomes for Service Users, and the significance of volunteering in the sector were investigated. Separately, an evaluation of the performance of the NCG was conducted and a summary of the evaluation is provided as an appendix to this report. Several themes emerged from the review of the existing literature such as service delivery shortcomings in dealing with case complexity, the effectiveness of case management, and repeat requests for service. Interviews with ER workers and Service Users found that an uplift in workforce capability was required to deal with increasing case complexity, leading to recommendations for more training and service standards. Several service evaluations found that ER delivered with case management led to high Service User satisfaction, played an integral role in transforming the lives of people with complex needs, and lowered repeat requests for service. A large longitudinal quantitative study revealed that more time spent with participants substantially decreased the number of repeat requests for service; and, given that repeat requests for service can be an indicator of entrenched poverty, not accessing further services is likely to suggest improvement. The interviews identified the main strengths of ER to be the rapid response and flexible use of funds to stabilise crisis situations and connect people to other supports through strong local networks. Service Users trusted the system because of these strengths, and ER was often an access point to holistic support. There were three main weaknesses identified. First, funding contracts were too short and did not cover the full costs of the program—in particular, case management for complex cases. Second, many Service Users were dependent on ER which was inconsistent with the definition and intent of the program. Third, there was inconsistency in the level of service received by Service Users in different geographic locations. These weaknesses can be improved upon with a joined-up approach featuring co-design and collaborative governance, leading to the successful commissioning of social services. The survey confirmed that volunteers were significant for ER, making up 92% of all workers and 51% of all hours worked in respondent ER programs. Of the 122 respondents, volunteers amounted to 554 full-time equivalents, a contribution valued at $39.4 million. In total there were 8,316 volunteers working in the 122 respondent ER programs. The sector can support and upskill these volunteers (and employees in addition) by developing scalable training solutions such as online training modules, updating ER service standards, and engaging in collaborative learning arrangements where large and small ER Providers share resources. More engagement with peak bodies such as Volunteering Australia might also assist the sector to improve the focus on volunteer engagement. Integrated services achieve better outcomes for complex ER cases—97% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. The research identified the dimensions of service integration most relevant to ER Providers to be case management, referrals, the breadth of services offered internally, co-location with interrelated service providers, an established network of support, workforce capability, and Service User engagement. Providers can individually focus on increasing the level of service integration for their ER program to improve their ability to deal with complex cases, which are clearly on the rise. At the system level, a more joined-up approach can also improve service integration across Australia. The key dimensions of this finding are discussed next in more detail. Case management is key for achieving Service User outcomes for complex cases—89% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. Interviewees most frequently said they would provide more case management if they could change their service model. Case management allows for more time spent with the Service User, follow up with referral partners, and a higher level of expertise in service delivery to support complex cases. Of course, it is a costly model and not currently funded for all Service Users through ER. Where case management is not available as part of ER, it might be available through a related service that is part of a network of support. Where possible, ER Providers should facilitate access to case management for Service Users who would benefit. At a system level, ER models with a greater component of case management could be implemented as test cases. Referral systems are also key for achieving Service User outcomes, which is reflected in the ER Program Logic presented on page 31. The survey and interview data show that referrals within an integrated service (internal) or in a service hub (co-located) are most effective. Where this is not possible, warm referrals within a trusted network of support are more effective than cold referrals leading to higher take-up and beneficial Service User outcomes. However, cold referrals are most common, pointing to a weakness in ER referral systems. This is because ER Providers do not operate or co-locate with interrelated services in many cases, nor do they have the case management capacity to provide warm referrals in many other cases. For mental illness support, which interviewees identified as one of the most difficult issues to deal with, ER Providers offer an integrated service only 23% of the time, warm referrals 34% of the time, and cold referrals 43% of the time. A focus on referral systems at the individual ER Provider level, and system level through a joined-up approach, might lead to better outcomes for Service Users. The program logic and theory of change for ER have been documented with input from the research findings and included in Section 4.3 on page 31. These show that ER helps people facing a financial crisis to meet their immediate needs, avoid further harm, and access a path to recovery. The research demonstrates that ER is fundamental to supporting vulnerable people in Australia and should therefore continue to be funded by government.