Rozprawy doktorskie: „Mensuration”

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Melson, Edward. "Compositional strategies in mensuration and proportion canons, ca. 1400 - ca. 1600". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32503.

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This thesis presents a detailed list of mensuration and proportion canons written between 1400 and 1600 and an analysis of several of those canons. Proportion canons are a subset of mensuration canons, pieces in which one melody, under different rhythmic interpretations according to the rules of mensuration, appears simultaneously in more than one voice. The type of mensuration and proportion canons discussed in this thesis display simultaneous entry of the voices: all voices begin together and sing through the same music at different speeds. This type of composition is difficult to create, and places extreme demands on composers' ingenuity. Existing analysis of such pieces is extremely rare and not particularly revealing of compositional process. This thesis presents a method of analysis that explains proportion and mensuration canons in terms of initial conditions of pitch transposition and mensuration, and explores the contrapuntal options thus made available to the composer.
Ce mémoire présente une liste détaillée de canons mensurables et de proportion, composés entre 1400 et 1600, et des analyses de plusieurs de ces canons. Canons de proportion comprennent un sous-ensemble de la catégorie de canons mensurables, compositions dans lesquelles une mélodie, suivant au moins deux mensurations simultanés, apparait simultanément dans plusieurs voix. Les canons soumis à l'analyse par le présent document sont tous du type à faire entrer les voix simultanément : l'ensemble des voix commence au même moment et chant la même mélodie, chacune à une vitesse différente des autres. Cette méthode de composition est extrêmement difficile à maîtriser, et met à l'épreuve l'ingénuité du compositeur. Les quelques analyses qui existent déjà ne sont pas révélatrices du processus de composition. Cette étude dévoile une approche à l'analyse des canons mensurables et de proportions qui les explique à partir des conditions initiales : transposition et mensuration, et explore les options contrapuntiques qui en résultent.

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Bertotti, Fábio Luiz. "Desenvolvimento de um medidor de fase para um sistema de biotelemetria passiva". Universidade Tecnólogica Federal do Paraná, 2005. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/87.

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This work describes the development of a phase measurement equipment for use in a passive biotelemetric system, whose system and measurement technique were developed before in the Biotelemetry Laboratory of the UTFPR. Based on a new technique and phase measurement system developed in this work it was possible to implement an equipment to measure the input phase impedance of the conceived biotelemetric system. A new calibration method and its respective system are described, which has shown to be efficient and provided the aimed linearity response of the corresponding intracorporeal temperature. The experiments have shown that the equipment and the biotelemetric system resulted in temperature measurements, for the range from 30 to 45ºC, with errors down to ± 2% and with resolution of 0,1 degree in temperature, considering that the distance between the interrogator and implantable coil was 10 mm, whereas the maximum distance was 16 mm. The repeatability of 50 measurements accomplished by the equipment was calculated, resulting in errors below ± 3% referred to its mean.
O presente trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um equipamento para a medição da fase da impedância de entrada de um sistema de biotelemetria passiva, cujo sistema e técnica de medição foram desenvolvidos anteriormente no Laboratório de Biotelemetria da UTFPR. A partir de uma nova técnica e sistema de medição de fase desenvolvidos neste trabalho, foi possível implementar um equipamento capaz de mensurar a fase da impedância de entrada do sistema de biotelemetria concebido. Um novo método de calibração e seu respectivo sistema também são apresentados, os quais se mostraram eficientes e proporcionaram a linearidade da resposta obtida para a grandeza avaliada, a qual consiste da temperatura intracorpórea. Os experimentos realizados mostraram que o equipamento e o sistema de biotelemetria possibilitaram medições de temperatura, para a faixa de 30 a 45ºC, com erros inferiores a ± 2% e com resolução de décimos de grau em temperatura, considerando uma distância de 10 mm entre a bobina de leitura e a do implante, sendo que o alcance máximo foi de 16 mm. A repetibilidade de 50 medições feitas pelo equipamento foi avaliada, resultando em erros inferiores a ± 3% com relação à média.

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Humphrey, Stephen. "Maintaining a common arbitrary unit in social measurement /". Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20050830.95143.

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Qian, Yihong. "DMAS : a Display Measurement and Analysis System with an object-oriented database /". This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112009-063840/.

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Blachly, Alexander. "Mensuration and tempo in 15th-century music : cut signatures in theory and practice /". Ann Arbor (Mich.) : UMI, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb400633697.

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Yap, Kwee Chye. "Incorporating target mensuration system for target motion estimation along a road using asynchronous filter". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/06Dec%5FYap.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Engineering Science (Mechanical Engineering))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2006.
Thesis Advisor(s): Isaac I. Kaminer "December 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 41). Also available in print.

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Moores, Andrew R. "Understory Growth Dynamics and Mensuration Techniques in Uneven-Aged, Mixed-Species Northern Conifer Stands". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MooresAR2003.pdf.

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Matthews, Mark Walter. "A machine vision based non-contact measuring tool for mensuration in industry and manufacturing". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17012.

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Bibliography: leaf 53.
This thesis report discusses the design, implementation and testing of a non-contact measuring tool based on the principle of stereo photogrammetry. The system uses a pair of CCD video cameras and a frame-grabber in a PC to capture the pair of images this requires. The software on the PC then measures the image co-ordinates of points selected by the user and transforms them into space co-ordinates for the points. The transformation requires knowledge of the relative positions and orientations of the cameras. This is found in a calibration stage from images of a calibration frame. The cameras are mounted on a bar, which guarantees that the relative positions and orientations of the cameras remain invariant within certain limits. This makes the system portable.

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Research, University of Arizona Laboratory of Tree-Ring. "Tree Rings and Forest Mensuration: How Can They Document Trends in Forest Health and Productivity?" Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/303029.

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A workshop sponsored by the National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI) and the National Vegetation Survey - EPA/USFS Forest Response Program. / April 9-11, 1986, Laboratory of Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona

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Kromnow, Jonas. "Skogsbruksplan : ett verktyg för att nå en skogsägares mål?" Thesis, University of Kalmar, Department of Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6631.

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Bonnel, Christophe. "Modélisation ostéo-articulaire du pied et apport de l'infographie". Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON11152.

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Rodrigues, Mauricio. "Mensuration et évaluation des impacts et héritages de projets de mega événement dans le cadre du capital immatériel". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS173/document.

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Les méga événements peuvent jouer un rôle important dans le développement régional et la compétitivité des pays/villes d'accueil. Cet avantage est une fonction de l'effet de levier des investissements dans les infrastructures, le tourisme, et dans le développement du bien-être des habitants. Toutefois, les méga événements ont aussi des désavantages potentiels. Afin de vérifier le rapport coût-bénéfice des méga événements, la plupart des chercheurs mesurent les résultats et les impacts socio-économiques tangibles de ces projets. Néanmoins, des études plus récentes indiquent que les impacts immatériels constituent potentiellement les principaux bénéfices économiques des méga événements. Les capitaux immatériels sont devenus des facteurs stratégiques pour la création de valeur future et sont désormais considérés comme les facteurs clés de la croissance économique et de la compétitivité. Cependant, l'existence de méthodes opérationnelles fiables pour évaluer les aspects immatériels de méga événements est encore rare. Ainsi, l'objectif de la recherche est de développer un modèle pour mesurer et évaluer la performance des impacts des projets de méga événements, en tenant compte des actifs immatériels. À cette fin, nous avons appliqué le paradigme de recherche connu sous le nom de design science research (DSR). Le DSR est basé sur le fait de créer une solution pratique, le plus souvent un artefact, pour résoudre les problèmes pertinents et complexes, en tenant compte du contexte dans lequel ses résultats seront appliqués, dans un processus de recherche qui puise dans les théories existantes pour arriver à une solution. De manière à prévenir l'absence d'un contexte réel, et d´un objectif bien défini pour analyser les impacts, le modèle a été développé en se focalisant sur les interventions de la Coupe du Monde de la FIFA 2014 dans l'industrie du tourisme et au sein dela région de la ville du Rio de Janeiro. Sur la base des approches de mesure du capital immatériel disponibles, nous avons développé un cadre théorique et un modèle opérationnel pour rassembler les facteurs de succès immatériels pertinents. Un modèle a été développé, appelé le modèle des impacts immatériels de méga événements (ME-I2). Il est composé de cinq dimensions du capital immatériel, chacune incorporant un groupe d'actifs, 15 dans l’ensemble, et 42 indicateurs pour mesurer la performance des interventions du projet dans le développement de ces actifs. L'application du modèle permet trois résultats. La détermination du degré d'importance (valeur relative) de chaque dimension du capital immatériel, l’ évaluation des performance des interventions du projet, d'une manière générale et en ce qui concerne chaque dimension du capital immatériel, et la détermination de la valeur dynamique du capital immatériel. Le modèle a été testé dans une étude de cas et a démontré son adéquation et pertinence. Il émerge comme un outil potentiel pour fournir des informations pour la gestion et la prise de décision stratégique en vue du développement de la valeur pour les le pays/villes d'accueil. Il traduit par ailleurs les perceptions et les attentes des parties prenantes et pourrait être une source précieuse d'informations en ce qui concerne les facteurs de succès immatériels qui pourraient améliorer la performance des méga événements et soutenir la compétitivité et le développement régional
According some evidences, mega events can play a significant role in local development and competitiveness. This benefit is generally due to the catalyst effect of a series of factors related to infrastructure, tourism and local population welfare/quality of life. However, mega events also have potential downsides. In order to assess the cost-benefit of hosting them, we usually measure its socio-economic outcomes and impacts. Nevertheless, recent studies indicate positive intangible impacts as potentially important benefits. The intangible assets have become strategic factors for value creation, and are considered central factors to economies’ growth and competitiveness. However, the existence of reliable operational methods to assess and evaluate the mega events intangible aspects is still unclear. Thus, the present study objective is to develop a performance model for measure and evaluate the mega event projects impacts, taking into account the intangible assets. To perform it, we applied the design science research (DSR) paradigm. The DSR is based on the act of creating an applicable solution, typically an artifact, to solve a relevant complex problem that taking into consideration the context in which their results will be applied, in a search process that draws from existing theories to come up with a solution. To prevent the lack of a real-life event context and a well-defined objective to the impact analysis we developed the model focusing on the 2014 FIFA World Cup interventions in the Tourism industry at the Rio de Janeiro region. Based on the traditional intangible measurement theory, we developed a theoretical framework and an operational model to gather the relevant intangible success factors. We named it the Mega Event Intangibles Impacts (ME-I2) Model. It consists of five dimensions of the intangible capital, each one incorporating a group of assets, 15 as a whole, and 42 indicators to measure the performance of the interventions in developing such assets. The ME-I2 model returns three different outcomes. The degree of importance (relative value) for each dimension of intangible capital, performance ratings for the mega event interventions in an overall fashion and concerning each capital dimension, and the dynamic value of the intangible capital. We tested the ME-I2 model in a pilot-study and the model showed its adequacy and appropriateness, seeming to us an interesting tool to provide information for effective strategic management and decision-making focused on contribute to translate more effectively the intangible impacts into tangible improved value creation (legacies) for the host city/country. It maps the perceptions and expectations of the mega event stakeholders and could be a valuable font of information in regard of some intangible success factors that could improve the mega event performance

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Miekk-oja, Olli. "Jämförelse av bonitering enligt övre höjd och ståndortsegenskaper i yngre tallskog". Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Engineering, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-8245.

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I studien jämfördes bonitering med ståndortsegenskaper och övre höjd i en yngre tallskog i Mellansverige. I jämförelse mellan olika provytor på likvärdig mark och efter olika skötselåtgärder gav de två boniteringsmetoderna samma bonitet, trots variation i antal typarter och olika resultat vad gäller markvegetationstyp. Resultaten kan möjligen vara lokalt representativa men behöver ett större material för att kunna generaliseras på kommunnivå eller större.

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Clark, Neil. "An Assessment of the Utility of a Non-Metric Digital Camera for Measuring Standing Trees". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35575.

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A method is set forth which makes use of a commercially available, non-metric, solid-state matrix camera to capture spatial and spectral data from an individual tree bole that can be used to measure characteristics about the stem. In this study diameters and heights were measured and used to estimate the volume of 20 red oak (Quercus spp.) stems ranging in diameter at breast height from 16 to over 60 cm and height from 12 to 20 meters. Images were taken from four orthogonal directions around the each stem. Diameter estimates from matching camera to stem distances (3 to 15 meters) of opposite sides were arithmetically averaged. Two arithmetic averages from perpendicular directions were then geometrically averaged. It was found that locating the camera farther from the tree led to more consistent results over the entire stem while locating it closer to the tree provided the most precise estimates provided the inclination angle did not exceed 45 degrees.

This method resulted in geometric mean diameter estimates within Â± 4 cm for all heights combined when obtained at a distance of 12 m or greater using a 95 % chi-square maximum anticipated error statistic. Error increases with increased stem height from Â± 3 cm to Â± 7 cm for heights from 1 to 20 meters. In general, the error is equivalent to 3 times the instrument precision, which varies with distance. Two-thirds of the time volume estimates were within 8 percent, which is quite an improvement over the 30 percent interval afforded by an appropriate volume equation.

Master of Science

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Griesan, Raymond William. "Nabla spaces, the theory of the locally convex topologies (2-norms, etc.) which arise from the mensuration of triangles". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184510.

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Metric topologies can be viewed as one-dimensional measures. This dissertation is a topological study of two-dimensional measures. Attention is focused on locally convex vector topologies on infinite dimensional real spaces. A nabla (referred to in the literature as a 2-norm) is the analogue of a norm which assigns areas to the parallelograms. Nablas are defined for the classical normed spaces and techniques are developed for defining nablas on arbitrary spaces. The work here brings out a strong connection with tensor and wedge products. Aside from the normable theory, it is shown that nabla topologies need not be metrizable or Mackey. A class of concretely given non-Mackey nablas on the ℓp and Lp spaces is introduced and extensively analyzed. Among other results it is found that the topological dual of ℓ₁ with respect to these nabla topologies is C₀, one of the spaces infamous for having no normed predual. Also, a connection is made with the theory of two-norm convergence (not to be confused with 2-norms). In addition to the hard analysis on the classical spaces, a duality framework from which to study the softer aspects is introduced. This theory is developed in analogy with polar duality. The ideas corresponding to barrelledness, quasi-barrelledness, equicontinuity and so on are developed. This dissertation concludes with a discussion of angles in arbitrary normed spaces and a list of open questions.

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Bock, Erin R. "An Analysis of Air Pollution from Recreational Vehicle Use in Maine". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/BockER2003.pdf.

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Ounekham, Khamsene. "Developing volume and taper equations for Styrax tonkinensis in Laos". Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Forestry, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3450.

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A volume equation for predicting individual tree volume, and a taper function for describing a stem profile were developed for a little known species, Styrax tonkinensis (Siam benzoin) in northern Laos. The species has high potential commercial value and can make an important contribution to the local economy. It can provide two different types of products, a non-wood product (benzoin resin) and timber. In Laos, the most important product is currently resin, and the use of timber for commercial purposes is rare. One reason is that information about the timber is not available. In Vietnam, on the other hand, the species is an import pulpwood species. Data used in this study came from 73 trees. Trees were purposely selected to ensure coverage of a full range of tree sizes. Measurement was undertaken only on over-bark diameters due to some constraints, limitations and problems during the field data collection. However, due to the importance of under-bark volume for this species, a small available dataset was used to build a bark model as an interim guide to the errors associated with using over-bark models for estimating under-bark volumes. From this bark model, errors in estimating under-bark volumes of trees with diameters at breast height between 10cm and 17 cm were approximately 18%. Nineteen individual volume models, and 7 individual taper functions were compared for bias and precision. Collective names for the volume equations tested include single-entry, double-entry, logarithmic, combined variables. Most volume models had similar bias but a few were clearly biased. The models with similar bias were further evaluated by four common statistics including bias, standard error of estimates, standard deviation of residuals and mean absolute deviation. The results showed that a five parameter model was ranked first, and was the most precise model. However, the magnitudes of difference in prediction errors between this model and other models, particularly the three parameter model were not significant. For practical purposes, the simpler model was preferred. Seven taper functions tested here belong to three different groups including single taper equations, compatible taper equations and segmented taper equations. Evaluation of taper equations used the same residual analysis procedures and criteria as those applied with volume equations. Graphical residual analysis showed that most taper models had similar precision with their errors in diameter predictions being similar in range. However, some models showed obvious bias. The most highly ranked taper model was a compatible taper model of polynomial form. It was the least biased model. The second ranked model was a single, simple model. This latter model is relatively simple to apply, but it is not compatible with the volume model, yielding slightly different estimates of volume if it is integrated and rotated around the longitudinal axis of a tree. However, if the sole purpose is to describe tree taper, it is the best model to use.

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McPhail, Diane. "Area : the big cover-up". Thesis, View thesis, 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/27435.

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The research problem reported in this thesis is an investigation of the teaching and learning of area measurement in the early years of school. Research indicates that children confuse the measurement of area and perimeter and also the use of linear and two-dimensional units of measure. The first phase of the study investigated the knowledge and skills which underpin an understanding of the L x B formula for calculating rectangular area. Those factors were used to plan a teaching program of four lessons for Year 1 and Year 2 children, focusing on: establishing the attribute of area; making, describing and drawing the spatial structure of arrays of repeated informal units to measure areas; and methods of counting to determine the total number of units. The effectiveness of the program was evaluated by implementing the lessons in four classes. Lessons planned from the then current syllabus were implemented in another four classes. Comparison of student learning outcomes from all classes indicated that the research lessons were more effective in assisting children to develop an understanding of a grid pattern or array of repeated informal units. The second phase of this study described the researcher’s investigation, design and trial of teacher professional learning strategies which would assist teachers to adopt successful methods of teaching young children to measure area. Seventeen volunteer teachers in seven school teams participated in one of three models of professional learning, based on varying levels of consultancy support. The models were based on the provision of lesson notes and teaching materials, facilitation of team meetings to discuss the implementation, and the provision of additional time to interview individual children following each lesson. Participation in the project assisted all of the participating teachers to develop their content knowledge and to modify their teacher-centred teaching practices. The key strategies and factors which contributed to this success included ongoing school based professional dialogue and support, the provision of a teaching program which emphasised students’ conceptual development within a sequence of activities, the role played by teacher leaders within each team, opportunities to develop questioning techniques and the motivation and disposition of the participating teachers.ABSTRACT

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Farina, Andrew J. "Temporal Organization in the Masses of Johannes Ockeghem". The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406027046.

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McPhail, Diane. "Area the big cover-up /". View thesis, 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/27435.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2007.
"A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, School of Education in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Includes bibliography.

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Lim, Chee Kin. "Transthoracic echocardiographic mensuration of two-dimensional left atrial to aorta ratios and left ventricular M-mode parameters in clinically normal adult Dachshunds". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46268.

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Dachshunds are predisposed to myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) with a polygenic mode of inheritance for mitral valve prolapse. Changes in left heart geometry have been previously observed in dogs with chronic volume overload secondary to mitral regurgitation) in MMVD, particularly left atrial enlargement. The primary objectives of this study were to estimate normal values for the left atrium to aorta (LA/Ao) ratio and establish normal prediction intervals for left ventricular motion-mode (M-mode) transthoracic echocardiographic measurements in clinically normal adult Dachshunds. The mean (standard deviation) for LA/Ao ratio measured in 40 clinically normal adult Dachshunds using the diameter, circumference and cross-sectional area standard two-dimensional methods via right parasternal short axis view were 1.40 (0.13), 2.19 (0.17) and 2.95 (0.48). The normal prediction intervals of the left ventricular measurements established via logarithmic transformation and linear regression in this study were found to have more narrow intervals than previous multi canine breed prediction intervals and were therefore more representative for clinically normal adult Dachshunds. The scaling exponents (b’) derived from this study ranged from 0.129 to 0.397 and did not absolutely conform to the presumed index of body length in the allometric equation, which is body weight raised to 1/3 power. The 2-D LA/Ao ratios and M-mode left ventricular prediction intervals established from this study may be used as reference values for Dachshunds.
Dissertation (MMedVet)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
tm2015
Companion Animal Clinical Studies
MMedVet
Unrestricted

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Silva, Paula Ventura da. "Emprego de redes neurais artificiais com skip-layer connections na mensura??o florestal". UFVJM, 2015. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/999.

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RESUMO SILVA, Paula Ventura da, M.Sc., Emprego de redes neurais artificiais com Skip-Layer Connections na mensura??o florestal. 2015. 46 f. Disserta??o (Mestrado em Ci?ncia Florestal) ? Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, 2015. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi avaliar a aplica??o de Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA) utilizando a t?cnica Skip-layer connections, com e sem recorr?ncia, para estima??o do volume individual e da altura total de ?rvores de eucalipto. Os objetivos espec?ficos foram testar e avaliar as redu??es no tamanho da base de dados do conjunto de ajuste (treinamento) para estima??o dessas vari?veis. Os dados utilizados foram provenientes de ?rvores abatidas para cubagem (estima??o do volume individual) e de medi??es de parcelas permanentes de invent?rios florestais cont?nuos (estima??o da altura total), em ?rea de povoamentos de eucalipto localizados no sul da Bahia, Brasil. Foram treinadas redes do tipo Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), utilizando a fun??o de ativa??o log?stica nas camadas intermedi?ria e de sa?da e oito neur?nios na camada oculta. O n?mero de neur?nios na camada de entrada variou conforme o n?mero e o tipo de vari?vel (qualitativa ou quantitativa) em cada estudo. Os crit?rios de parada foram o erro m?dio quadr?tico de 0,0001 ou 3.000 ciclos (?pocas). Em seguida, as RNA selecionadas foram aplicadas em parte dos dados separados, para generaliza??o (valida??o). O software utilizado para o treinamento e a generaliza??o das RNA foi o NeuroForest 3.3. Para compara??o dos resultados obtidos pelas RNA, foram ajustados os modelos tradicionais de regress?o tanto para volume, quanto para altura, e tamb?m foram treinadas e aplicadas RNA usando o algoritmo Resilient Propagation, comumente utilizado em aplica??es da mensura??o florestal. A avalia??o dos resultados gerados pelas RNA e pelos modelos de regress?o foi feita por meio do coeficiente de correla??o entre os valores observados e estimados, de gr?ficos de dispers?o e de histogramas de frequ?ncia percentual dos erros percentuais. As Redes Neurais Artificiais utilizando Skip-layer connections apresentaram resultados satisfat?rios para estima??o de volume e de altura de ?rvores de eucalipto, o que evidencia a possibilidade de aplicar a t?cnica em mensura??o e manejo florestal e uma expressiva redu??o das bases de dados para treinamento das RNA.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2015.
ABSTRACT SILVA, Paula Ventura da, M.Sc. Artificial neural networks with skip-layer connections in forest measurement. 2015. 46 f. Dissertation (Master in Forest Science) ? Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, 2015. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) using the Skip-layer connections technique, with and without recurrence, to estimate the individual volume and total eucalyptus trees height. Its specific objectives were to test and evaluate reduction in the size of the adjustment assembly database (training) for estimating these variables. The data came from trees felled for scaling (estimation of individual volume) and measurements of permanent plots of continuous forest inventories (estimation of the total height), in eucalypt plantation area located in the south of Bahia, Brazil. Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) network type, using the logistic activation function in the intermediate and output layers and eight neurons in the hidden layer, were trained. The neurons number in the input layer varied according to the number and type of the variable (qualitative or quantitative) in each study. The stopping criteria were the root mean square error 0.0001 or 3,000 cycles (seasons). The software used for the RNA training and generalization was the NeuroForest 3.3. To compare the results obtained by RNA, traditional regression models were set for both the volume and the height, as well as RNA were trained and applied using the Resilient Propagation algorithm, commonly used in forest measurement applications. The evaluation of the results generated by the RNA and by the regression models was made via the correlation coefficient between observed and estimated values, scatter plots and histograms percentage frequency of the percentage errors. Artificial Neural Networks using Skip-layer connections showed satisfactory results for the estimation of volume and eucalyptus trees height, demonstrating the possibility of applying the technique in measuring and forest management and a significant reduction of databases for RNA training.

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Peduzzi, Alicia. "Estimating forest attributes using laser scanning data and dual-band, single-pass interferometric aperture radar to improve forest management". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39456.

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The overall objectives of this dissertation were to (1) determine whether leaf area index (LAI) (Chapter 2), as well as stem density and height to live crown (Chapter 3) can be estimated accurately in intensively managed pine plantations using small-footprint, multiple-return airborne laser scanner (lidar) data, and (2) ascertain whether leaf area index in temperate mixed forests is best estimated using multiple-return airborne laser scanning (lidar) data or dual-band, single-pass interferometric synthetic aperture radar data (from GeoSAR) alone or both in combination (Chapter 4). In situ measurements of LAI, mean height, height to live crown, and stem density were made on 109 (LAI) or 110 plots (all other variables) under a variety of stand conditions. Lidar distributional metrics were calculated for each plot as a whole as well as for crown density slices (newly introduced in this dissertation). These metrics were used as independent variables in best subsets regressions with LAI, number of trees, mean height to live crown, and mean height (measured in situ) as the dependent variables. The best resulting model for LAI in pine plantations had an R2 of 0.83 and a cross-validation (CV) RMSE of 0.5. The CV-RMSE for estimating number of trees on all 110 plots was 11.8 with an R2 of 0.92. Mean height to live crown was also well-predicted (R2 = 0.96, CV-RMSE = 0.8 m) with a one-variable model. In situ measurements of temperate mixed forest LAI were made on 61 plots (21 hardwood, 36 pine, 4 mixed pine hardwood). GeoSAR metrics were calculated from the X-band backscatter coefficients (four looks) as well as both X- and P-band interferometric heights and magnitudes. Both lidar and GeoSAR metrics were used as independent variables in best subsets regressions with LAI (measured in situ) as the dependent variable. Lidar metrics alone explained 69% of the variability in temperate mixed forest LAI, while GeoSAR metrics alone explained 52%. However, combining the LAI and GeoSAR metrics increased the R2 to 0.77 with a CV-RMSE of 0.42. Analysis of data from active sensors shows strong potential for eventual operational estimation of biophysical parameters essential to silviculture.
Ph. D.

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Hussein, Aseel Kamil. "MRI mensuration of the canine head : the effect of head conformation on the shape and dimensions of the facial and cranial regions and their components". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3689/.

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The selection for specific physical characteristics by dog breeders has resulted in the expression of undesirable phenotypes, either directly or indirectly related to the physical characteristic selected for. One conformation that was considered desirable is extreme brachycephalia, which is associated with secondary physical changes adversely affecting the airways, eyes and central nervous system. Using a large population of pet dogs having diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, I demonstrated that the most commonly used historical head phenotype indices (Stockard and Evans indices) can be determined on MR images. I furthermore conformed that olfactory bulb angulation can be used as an alternate for classification of dog into brachycephalic, mesaticephalic and dolichocephalic head shapes, with similar results to the historical indices. The advantages of olfactory bulb angulation are that it only requires a single midline MR image and inclusion of the entire nose is not required. Using the historical indices and olfactory bulb angulation I then examined the effect of increasing brachycephalia on the appearance and dimensions of the nasal and cranial cavity. I established that progressive ventral rotation of the olfactory bulb (increasing brachycephalia) resulted in an alteration in the shape and a reduction in cross-sectional area of the nasopharynx. Similarly, increasing brachycephalia resulted in a reduction in the dorsal area of the ethmoturbinates and a corresponding reduction in the midline area of the olfactory bulb, providing a potential explanation for reduced olfactory acuity in brachycephalic dogs. Finally, I examined the effect of head phenotype on the structures of the middle fossa, the 3rd ventricle, quadrigeminal cistern and interthalamic adhesion. Head phenotype had a lesser effect on these structures, while brain disease (in particular ventriculomegaly) has a substantial effect, the recognition of which I described. These results confirm the potential of olfactory bulb angulation and orientation for objectively determining head phenotype using in vivo MRI, in particular determining the degree of brachycephalia. The study also quantified the effect of brachycephalia on the nasal cavity and rostral and middle cranial fossae dimensions. The objective quantification of head phenotype provides a useful tool for selection of breeding animals to normalise extreme brachycephalia. This might reduce the incidence of the adverse effects associated with extreme brachycephalia.

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Jakubovskij, Oleg. "Diagnostikos virpesių matavimas". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090630_094623-22052.

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Vibracijų diagnostika yra pagrindinis metodas, naudojamas įrenginių parametrų stebėjimui, kadangi būtent ši priemonė padeda nustatyti ir įvertinti mechaniniuose įrenginiuose kylančias problemas bei gedimus. Dirbančio pramoninio įrenginio su besisukančiomis dalimis vibracijų lygis yra vienas iš patikimiausių jų mechaninės būklės, surinkimo ir reguliavimo kokybės požymių. Maksimalių leidžiamų eksploatacinių vibracijų lygių nustatymas ir nuolatinė automatinė jų kontrolė leidžia padidinti įrenginių darbo patikimumą, jų aptarnavimo saugumą, sumažinti avarinių prastovų laiką ir sugadintų mechaninių dalių nuostolius.
Vibration refers to mechanical oscillations about an equilibrium point. The oscillations may be periodic such as the motion of a pendulum or random such as the movement of a tire on a gravel road. Vibration is occasionally "desirable". For example the motion of a tuning fork, the reed in a woodwind instrument or harmonica, or the cone of a loudspeaker is desirable vibration, necessary for the correct functioning of the various devices. More often, vibration is undesirable, wasting energy and creating unwanted sound – noise. For example, the vibrational motions of engines, electric motors, or any mechanical device in operation are typically unwanted. Such vibrations can be caused by imbalances in the rotating parts, uneven friction, the meshing of gear teeth, etc. Careful designs usually minimize unwanted vibrations.

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Lopes, Luciano da Silva. "Estudo do efeito analgÃsico do topiramato em modelos de dor aguda e neuropatia diabÃtica". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=869.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
No presente estudo, o Topiramato (TP) foi avaliado em modelos de dor aguda e de dor neuropÃtica diabÃtica. Camundongos Swiss machos foram utilizados nos testes de nocicepÃÃo aguda (formalina, placa quente e capsaicina) e ratos Wistar machos no teste de dor neuropÃtica (filamentos de von Frey). No teste da formalina (2 %; 20 ÂL/i.pl.), foi quantificado o tempo que o animal lambia a pata que recebeu o estÃmulo durante 0-10 min (fase 01) e 20-40 min (fase 02). Os resultados mostraram uma reduÃÃo na segunda fase (***p<0,001) nas trÃs doses utilizadas do TP, enquanto que apenas a maior dose mostrou efeito na primeira fase do teste (***p<0,001). O efeito do TP (80 mg/Kg) foi revertido pela naloxona 2 mg/Kg na segunda fase do teste da formalina , mas nÃo pela glibenclamida 3mg/Kg, ciproeptadina 5 mg/Kg e ondansetrona 0,5 mg/Kg quando comparado com o controle em ambas as fases. No teste da placa quente (52Â) foi verificada a reaÃÃo do camundongo ao estÃmulo tÃrmico onde o animal responde tentando pular ou lamber uma de suas patas traseiras. Os animais foram submetidos a placa aos 00, 30, 60, 120 e 240 min apÃs os tratamentos e comparou-se os grupos que receberam TP nas diferentes doses ( 20, 40 e 80 mg/Kg) e o grupo controle. Nesse modelo, TP demonstrou atividade aos 90 e 120min (**p<0,01; ***p<0,001) apenas na maior dose utilizada (80 mg/Kg). Em outro protocolo, os animais receberam capsaicina (20 ÂL, 2 Âg/ i.pl), sendo quantificado o tempo durante 5 min que estes lamberam ou morderam a pata estimulada, com comparaÃÃo posterior entre os grupos NÃo se verificou efeito significativo de TP em todas as doses utilizadas quando comparado com o controle. Para avaliaÃÃo da aÃÃo antinociceptiva em dor neuropÃtica, os animais foram inicialmente induzidos a diabetes com estreptozotocina 40 mg/Kg i.p e apÃs trinta dias foram submetidos ao teste com filamentos de von. NÃo se verificou efeito significativo do TP nas doses utilizadas quando comparado com o controle. O TP nÃo alterou a freqÃÃncia de locomoÃÃo dos animais no teste do campo aberto e no teste do Rota rod e nÃo aumentou o nÃmero de quedas nem diminuiu o tempo de permanÃncia na barra giratÃria, sugerindo que o TP nÃo exerce sua atividade antinociceptiva por aÃÃo depressora ou relaxante muscular. Em conclusÃo, a partir desses resultados podemos sugerir que o TP apresenta efeito antinociceptivo frente a diferentes estÃmulos de dor aguda, mas nÃo na dor neuropÃtica diabÃtica. O efeito analgÃsico nos testes de dor aguda, provavelmente envolve sistema opiÃide, porÃm nÃo os canais de potÃssio sensÃveis ao ATP e sistema serotoninÃrgico
In the present study, Topiramate (TP) was evaluated in acute pain and diabetic neuropathic animal models. Male Swiss mice were used in the tests of acute nocicepcion (formalin, hot plat and capsaicin) e male Wistar rats in the neuropathic pain test (filaments of von Frey). In the formalin test (2%, 20 ÂL/i.pl), it was measured the time spent by the animal licking the left hind paw which received the stimulation during 0-10 min (phase 01) and 20-40 min (phase 02).The results showed a reduction of the second phase (*** p<0.001) in the three doses used of TP while only the biggest dose showed effect in the first stage of test (*** p< 0.001). The TP effect (80 mg/Kg) was reverted by naloxone 2 mg/kg in the second phase of the test of the formalin, but not for glibenclamide 3 mg/kg, cyproeptadine 5 mg/kg and ondansetron 0.5 mg/kg when compared to control in both phases. In the hot plate test (52Â) was analysed the reaction of the mouse to the thermal stimulation where the animal respond tryning to jump or to lick one of its brack legs. The animals had been submitted the plate to 00, 30, 60 and 120 min after the treatments and compared the groups that had received TP in the different doses (20,40 e 80 mg/kg). The results showed, TP demonstrated activity to 90 and 120 min (**p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001) only in the biggest dose used (80mg/kg). In another protocol, the animals received capsaicin (20 ÂL/2Âg/i.pl), but the results ere not significant. For evaluations of the antinociceceptive action in neuropathic pain, the animals had been initially induced diabetes with streptozotocine 40 mg/Kg i.p. and after thirty days had been submitted to the test with filaments of von Frey. No significant effect of TP was observed in all doses used when compared with the controls. TP did not modify the frequency of locomotion of the animals in the open field and presented no effect in the Rota rod test suggesting that the TP does not exert its analgesic effect by depressive actions or relaxant muscular activity. In conclusion, the results may suggest that TP presents antinociceptive effect front the different stimulations of acute pain, but not in diabetic neuropathic pain. The analgesic effect in acute pain, probably involves system opioid, and seems do not involve potassium canals or serotoninergic system

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Panhan, Ana Carolina 1988. "Análise cinemática das distâncias percorridas de jogadores de basquetebol de elite". [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/244479.

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Orientador: Luciano Allegretti Mercadante
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas
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Resumo: Um dos aspectos importantes nos estudos recentes com basquetebol é a descrição da movimentação dos jogadores, dada pela sua posição em função do tempo, que permite obter as distâncias percorridas e caracterizar o volume dos deslocamentos realizados pelos jogadores durante os jogos. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram: a) analisar as distâncias percorridas pelos jogadores por período de jogo e por jogo, as velocidades médias dos jogadores em bola viva (cronometro ativo) e bola morta (cronometro parado) por período de jogo e por jogo, b) analisar as distâncias percorridas entre as diferentes funções na equipe e verificar as distâncias percorridas pelos jogadores separados por função na equipe em situações de ataque, defesa e transições de ataque e de defesa e c) realizar a Análise por Componentes Principais dos jogadores separados por função, também em situações de ataque, defesa e transições de ataque e de defesa. O sistema DVideo (FEF-Unicamp, Campinas, Brasil) foi usado para obter as distâncias percorridas pelos jogadores de cinco equipes de basquetebol (A, B, C, D e E) em quatro jogos do Novo Basquete Brasil 2011/2012. Os alas-pivôs e pivôs da equipe (A) percorreram uma menor distância se comparados com os outros jogadores durante os quatro jogos analisados, o jogo 2 apresentou um menor valor de distância percorrida se comparado com os outros três jogos pois a duração do mesmo foi inferior aos outros e o último período (quarto) de jogo apresenta valores de distâncias percorridas superiores em relação ao outros períodos (quartos de jogo) pois a duração do mesmo é maior. Tanto para a equipe da casa (A), como para as equipes adversárias (B, C, D e E) foram encontradas diferenças significativas para os valores de distância percorrida entre as situações de jogo de ataque e defesa se comparadas com as transições, tanto de ataque como de defesa, os jogadores tem um maior deslocamento nas transições. Em situação de defesa todas as equipes não apresentaram diferença significativa para a variável excentricidade o que indica que os jogadores em situação de defesa se deslocam mais nas direções látero-laterais da quadra. Na situação de defesa as direções dos eixos principais são próximas as direções transversais da quadra. Os resultados apresentados são ferramentas importantes para técnicos e preparadores físicos de equipes de basquetebol porque ajudam a definir e detalhar o perfil físico e tático individual e coletivo dos jogadores e da equipe
Abstract: One important aspect in recent studies regarding basketball is the description of the players¿ movements as a function of time considering their different positions (i.e., distances covered and displacement velocity), which provides the characterization of volumes and intensities of the efforts made by the players during the games. The aim of this study were: a ) to analyze the distances the players for a period of play and per game average speeds of the live-ball players (active timer ) and dead ball ( timer stopped ) per period of play per game, b ) analyze the distances between the different roles in the team and check the distances the function separated by the team in situations of attack , defense and transitions attack and defense players and c ) perform principal component analysis of the function separated by players , also in case of attack, defense and transitions attack and defense . The Dvideo (FEF - Unicamp , Campinas , Brazil) system was used to obtain the distances the players five basketball teams ( A, B , C , D and E ) in four games Basketball New Brazil 2011/2012 . The power forwards and centers of the team (A) traveled a shorter distance compared to other players during the four games analyzed, Game 2 showed a lower amount of distance traveled when compared with the other three games because its duration was inferior to others and the last period (fourth) game presents higher values of distances traveled compared to other periods (quarters of play) because its duration is greater. So much for the home team (A) , as for the opposing teams ( B , C , D and E ) were significant for values of distance between the situations of the game of attack and defense differences compared with the transitions of attack and defense, players have a greater shift in the transitions. In defense situation all teams showed no significant difference to the eccentricity variable indicating that the players on defense situation moving in directions lateral- most side of the court. In defense situation the directions of the principal axes are near the transverse directions of the court. The results presented are important for coaches and trainers of basketball teams tools because they help define and detail the physical profile and individual and collective tactical players and team
Mestrado
Biodinâmica do Movimento Humano e Esporte
Mestra em Ciências da Nutrição e do Esporte e Metabolismo

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Kappke, Jaqueline. "Medidas das concentrações de rádio em águas minerais disponíveis à venda no Brasil". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/524.

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CAPES
Este trabalho apresenta os resultados da pesquisa sobre medidas da atividade de 226Ra em águas minerais engarrafadas compradas em estabelecimentos comerciais do Brasil. As medidas foram realizadas no Laboratório de Física Nuclear Aplicada da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná em cooperação com o Centro de Desenvolvimento e Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN) da Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN). O trabalho avalia a possibilidade do uso do equipamento RAD7 (Durridge Company) para medir a atividade de 226Ra em equilíbrio com 222Rn presente nas amostras de águas em nível compatível com 0,1Bq/L, o que significa uma precisão superior à prática usual do equipamento. Além disso, a pesquisa fornece o erro mínimo de medida da concentração de atividade do rádio possível de ser atingida com o uso do equipamento RAD7. A principal dificuldade encontrada na técnica desenvolvida foi diminuir os erros associados às medidas. Para desenvolver a metodologia otimizada foram realizados diversos testes que propiciaram a diminuição dos erros e asseguraram uma técnica inovadora para medidas de baixas concentrações de 226Ra em água, com o uso do detector eletrônico de radônio RAD7. O arranjo experimental foi baseado no detector eletrônico de radônio RAD7 e as medidas foram realizadas utilizando o kit RAD H2O que permite identificar a atividade de concentração do 222Rn em pequenas amostras de 40mL e 250mL. Os resultados mostraram que o erro mínimo ficou entre 0,02 a 0,07 Bq/L o que configura uma diminuição considerável e importante nos erros associados às amostras de baixas concentrações. Quando aplicada a metodologia otimizada e proposta, foi possível concluir que todas as amostras analisadas apresentaram valores abaixo que os estabelecidos pelas normas e recomendações e que os valores encontrados para as amostras possuem ordem de grandeza semelhante às encontradas na literatura. Desta forma, foi possível concluir que o detector eletrônico de radônio RAD7 pode ser utilizado nas medidas de 226Ra em águas para concentrações menores que 0,1 Bq/L, mas que para isto deve ser utilizada uma técnica como esta desenvolvida para otimizar o procedimento.
This thesis presents the survey results of measuring the activity of 226Ra in bottled mineral waters purchased in Brazilian market. The measurements were performed at the Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Physics at Federal Technological University of Paraná in cooperation with the Centre for Development and Nuclear Technology (CDTN) of the National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN). The study evaluates the possibility of using RAD7 equipament (Durridge Company) in order to measure 226Ra activity in equilibrium with 222Rn present in water samples at a level compatible with 0.1 Bq/L, which means greater accuracy than the usual practice of the equipment. Furthermore, the search provides the minimum error of radio activity concentration that can be achieved using the RAD7 equipament. The main difficulty of this work was to reduce the associated errors to the measure. To develop the optimized methodology were performed several tests that enabled the reduction of errors and ensure an innovative technique for measuring low concentrations of 226Ra in water, using the RAD7 radon electronic¬ detector. The experimental setup was based on the RAD7 and measurements were performed using the RAD H2O kit that identifies the activity concentration of 222Rn in small samples of 250mL. The results showed that the minimum error ranged from 0.02 to 0.07 Bq/L which constitutes a considerable and significant reduction in errors associated with low concentrations samples. When applied the optimized methodology proposed, it was concluded that all the samples had values below the established standards and recommendations and that the values found for the samples have similar order of magnitude to those found in the literature. Thus, the RAD7 radon detector electronics can be used in measurements of 226Ra in water at concentrations below 0,1 Bq/L, but for that, the technique developed in order optimize the procedure should be used.

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Feijão, Júlio Marques. "Implementação do novo sistema de normalização contabilística - Caso: Electrotejo, SA". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14210.

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Pretende-se com este trabalho, descrever os processos inerentes à implementação do novo Sistema de Normalização Contabilística (SNC), aprovado pelo DL nº 158/2009, de 13 de Julho, e que entrou em vigor em 1 de Janeiro de 2010. Embora a data de entrada em vigor do novo normativo tenha sido o dia 1 de Janeiro de 2010, os trabalhos de preparação implicaram reexpressar toda a contabilidade do exercício de 2009, de acordo com os princípios do SNC, para que as demonstrações financeiras estejam, nos termos da Norma Contabilística e de Relato Financeiro (NCRF) nº 3, em condições de satisfazer uma das características qualitativas: a comparabilidade entre os exercícios de 2009 e 2010. Este trabalho compreende uma descrição da aplicação prática do novo normativo, numa empresa do sector da construção, o que implica que nem todas as Normas Contabilísticas e de Relato Financeiro (NCRF) sejam tratadas neste trabalho. Após a reclassificação de todas as contas da contabilidade no novo código de contas e respectivas notas de enquadramento, será efectuado todo o trabalho de reconhecimento e desreconhecimento dos activos e dos passivos, incluindo a sua separação em correntes e não correntes, seguido da respectiva mensuração. Finalmente, de forma a cumprir com os critérios da divulgação, será apresentado o balanço de abertura relativo ao período iniciado em 1 de Janeiro de 2010, cuja preparação e elaboração resultou do trabalho descrito; ABSTRACT: The aim of this work is to describe the processes required to implement the new System of Accounting Standards (Sistema de Normalização Contabilística – SNC), approved by Decree-Law No. 158/2009 of the 13th July and entered into force on the 1st January, 2010. Although the date of entry into force of new regulations have been the 1st January 2010, the preparatory work involved restating all accounting records for the year 2009, according to the principles of the SNC, so that the financial statements are under the Standard Accounting and Financial Reporting No. 3 in a position to meet one of the qualitative characteristics: the comparison between 2009 and 2010 This work includes a description of the practical application of new framework, at a construction sector company, which implies that not all Accounting Standards and Financial Reporting are treated in this work. After reclassification of all accounts of accounting system in the new code of accounts and related framing notes, will be done all the work of recognition and unrecognition of assets and liabilities, including its segregation into current and non-current, followed by their mensuration. Finally, in order to meet the criteria for disclosure, will be present the opening balance for the period starting on the 1st January 2010, whose preparation and development resulted from the work described.

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Andersson, Erik. "Noggrannhet och precision vid beståndsuppskattning av mobilapplikationen KATAM". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86142.

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Syftet med arbetet var att utvärdera mobilapplikationen KATAM avseende noggrannhet, tidsåtgång, precision och praktisk användning i jämförelse med volymuppskattning med dataklave och skördarrapport. Resultatet vid diameterjämförelsen visar på snarlika uppskattningar från KATAM respektive dataklaven. KATAM hade högre medelgrundyta, 7 % och grövre medeldiameter, 3,7 %, i jämförelse med dataklaven. KATAM hade även överskattningar av medelstammen volym i jämförelse med skördarrapporten och dataklaven, från 2,5 % till 17,6 % beroende på vilket urval av provytor och vilken programversion av KATAM som användes. Underlaget från volymuppskattningar var litet och hade felkällor vilket gjorde resultaten från mätningarna osäkra. Trots att studien visade på en överskattning av diametern talar den inbördes precisionen för att KATAM skulle kunna bli ett alternativ till Dataklaven vid uppskattning av medeldiametern.
The purpose of this essay was to evaluate the mobile application KATAM of accuracy, time, precision and practical use in comparison to volume estimation with data Digital Caliper and harvester report. The result of the diameter comparison showed similar estimates from KATAM and the Digital Caliper respectively. KATAM had a higher mean basel area, 7% and coarser mean diameter, 3.7%, compared to the Digital Caliper. KATAM also had overestimations in volume as compared to the harvesting report and the Digital Caliper concerning the mean stem, from 2.5% to 17.6%, depending on which sample areas were included and which version of KATAM was used. However, the basis of volume estimates was small and had error sources, which made the results of the measurements uncertain. Although the study shows an overestimation of the diameter, the mutual precision indicates that KATAM could be an alternative to the Digital Caliper when estimating the mean diameter.

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Vacari, Daiane Aparecida. "Comparação entre métodos de avaliação da curvatura lombossacral obtidos por imagem radiográfica e fotográfica". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/597.

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Introdução: Os avanços tecnológicos no desenvolvimento de medidas preventivas são indispensáveis no processo de manutenção da qualidade de vida dos seres humanos. O incremento de novos métodos avaliativos para estruturas complexas como a coluna vertebral e, mais especificamente a coluna lombossacral, é demanda constante no âmbito de pesquisa científica. Objetivo: Investigar a correlação e a concordância entre diferentes métodos radiográficos de avaliação da concavidade lombossacral e desenvolver um protocolo de avaliação dessa curvatura por meio de fotogrametria. Metodologia: A seleção da amostra ocorreu no município de Curitiba-PR, totalizando 58 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 18 e 28 anos. Nos procedimentos de tratamento de imagem e dos critérios de inclusão foram detectadas seis perdas técnicas, reduzindo a amostra para 52 indivíduos. Para o desenvolvimento da nova técnica utilizou-se: uma câmera fotográfica digital Samsung® de 14,2 Mega Pixels, um tripé da marca Midas® e marcadores adesivos circulares da marca Pimaco®. Os procedimentos relacionados às coletas da imagem radiográficas foram realizados em um centro diagnóstico por imagem. Os ângulos da concavidade lombossacral foram avaliados por sete técnicas diferentes (Centroide, Cobb1L1-S1, Cobb2L1-L5, Cobb3L2-S1, Cobb4T12-S1, Tangente Posterior e Trall) e ainda, por duas novas técnicas com imagens fotográficas (Cobb Foto e Trall Foto). Resultados: Durante a elaboração da nova técnica, detectou-se a necessidade do desenvolvimento de um marcador metálico proeminente, para ser observado nas fotografias e radiografias em vistas laterais. Apesar dos baixos valores de concordância entre os métodos radiográficos, foram constatados altos coeficientes de correlação entre algumas técnicas: Cobb4 T12i-S1s e Cobb1 L1s-S1s (0,893), Cobb4 T12i-S1s e Cobb2 L1s-L5i (0,820), Cobb3 L2s-S1s e Cobb1 L1s-S1s (0,810). As técnicas fotogramétricas para a análise da coluna lombossacral apresentaram correlações moderadas e fracas quando comparados aos testes radiográficos. As medidas de Trall Foto em relação às medidas de Cobb L1s-S1s e Cobb3 L2s-S1s apresentaram valores de r= 0,40 e 0,45, respectivamente. Adicionalmente, promoveu-se uma classificação categórica dos valores angulares obtidos através de cada método, tanto aqueles que são validados na radiologia, quanto àqueles desenvolvidos por fotogrametria. Com nos resultados obtidos, optou-se pela análise de uma nova variável, o ponto de inflexão entre a cifose torácica e a lordose lombar. Este ponto de inflexão apresentou maior incidência na região entre a décima segunda vértebra torácica e a primeira lombar (63,5%). Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que a diversidade de referências anatômicas utilizadas nas técnicas estudadas deve ser considerada no momento da escolha daquela a ser aplicada, em diferentes pacientes, dependendo do posicionamento referente ao ponto de inflexão toracolombar, pois o conhecimento de sua localização permite a escolha da técnica a ser empregada com mais exatidão. As técnicas de avaliação desenvolvidas a partir da fotogrametria (Cobb Foto e Tall Foto) não apresentaram valores estatísticos suficientemente compatíveis para a substituição do método radiográfico.
Introduction: Technological advances in the development of preventive measures are indispensable in the process of maintaining the quality of life of human beings. The rise of new methods of assessment of complex structures such as the spine, and more specifically the lumbosacral spine is in constant demand for scientific research. Objective: To investigate the correlation and agreement between different radiographic methods for evaluation of lumbosacral concavity and develop a protocol for assessment of curvature through Photogrammetry. Methodology: The sample selection was in Curitiba-PR, totaling 58 individuals of both sexes, aged between 18 and 28 years. In image processing procedures and criteria for inclusion were detected six technical losses, reducing the sample to 52 individuals. For the development of the new technique was used: a digital camera Samsung ® 14.2 Mega Pixels, a tripod Midas ® and markers adhesives of brand Pimaco®. During construction of the new technique, we detected the need to develop metallic marker of prominence to be seen in the photographs and radiographs in lateral views. The procedures related to collect radiographic image were carried out in partnership with a diagnostic imaging center of a hospital in the capital of Curitiba. The angles of the concavity lumbosacral were evaluated seven different techniques (Centroid, Cobb1L1-S1, Cobb2L1-L5, Cobb3L2-S1, Cobb4T12-S1, Posterior tangent and Trall) and also by two new techniques with photograph (Cobb Photo e Trall Photo). Results: Despite the low values of correlation between radiographic methods, high correlation coefficients were found between some techniques: Cobb4 T12i-S1s e Cobb1 L1s-S1s (0,893), Cobb4 T12i-S1s e Cobb2 L1s-L5i (0,820), Cobb3 L2s-S1s e Cobb1 L1s-S1s (0,810). The techniques the photogrammetric analysis of the lumbosacral spine demonstrated correlation moderate to weak when compared to radiographic tests. The Measures of Trall Photo in 0, 45, respectively. Additionally, we promoted a categorical classification of angle values obtained by each method, both those validated in radiograph, and developed by photogrammetry. With these results, we opted for the analysis of a new variable, the tipping point between the thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis. This inflection point presented higher incidence in the region between the twelfth thoracic vertebra and the L1 (63,5%). Conclusion: It was concluded that the diversity of anatomical references used in the studied techniques should be considered when choosing to appli in different patients, depending on the position assigned to the inflection point thoracolumbar, because knowledge of its location allows choice of technique to be used more accurately. Assessment techniques developed from photogrammetry (Cobb Photo e Tall Photo) showed no statistical values sufficiently compatible to replace the radiographic method.

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Linares, Arroyo Hector. "Study and characterization of light pollution in Catalonia". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672685.

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The term light pollution refers to different harmful effects produced by artificial light sources. This phenomena affects observational astronomy, the flora and fauna of the species adapted to the natural cycles of light and it also contributes to climate change. With this thesis, we aim to contribute to the understanding of the physics behind light pollution and to provide strategies to improve and ease its assessments. We established two different lines of action: measuring and modelling. The objectives of the measuring branch are to characterise the quality of the night sky in large areas within Catalonia and to study in detail the sky over key locations from the territory. The first objective was addressed using dynamic Sky Quality Meter (SQM) measurements of the zenith sky brightness. With this methodology we covered more than 3500 km in a total of 26 nights distributed in four campaigns. We created a processing software to deal with the resulting data and to ease and homogenize the process for obtaining reliable zenith sky brightness maps. The resulting maps provided reliable information about the quality of the sky in vast areas of Catalonia. For the second objective, we used Digital Single Lens Reflex images processed with Sky Quality Camera software. The resulting all-sky maps are useful to point out the most polluted directions and as a consequence the most probable sources of light pollution. Eight different locations have been assessed using this methodology. Light pollution models estimate the sky brightness by reproducing the interactions between the electromagnetic radiation and the constituents of the atmosphere. They have been validated as a helpful tool for assessing the night sky brightness and to understand light pollution at a physics level. In particular we worked with the Illumina light pollution numerical model. The objectives of the modelling branch are to derive a tool to point out the principal sources of light pollution affecting a particular location, to find a methodology to reproduce measurements that can be used as a prediction tool and to define a process to assess very large areas. For each objective we created a different simulation product: contribution maps, all-sky brightness maps and zenith sky brightness maps of large areas. The spectral range studied goes from 350 nm to 830 nm covering the Johnson-Cousins B, V and R bands. Contribution maps show the percentage to the artificial radiance received that was emitted by each source. They are a useful tool to sort the light pollution sources that are affecting the sky over a particular location. They are also useful for deciding which sources to include in all-sky brightness simulations. All-sky brightness maps derived with Illumina are a reliable tool to reproduce all-sky brightness measurements. This kind of maps can be used for predicting the changes in the sky that would be produced by changes in the lighting systems. We have used Illumina to create a zenith sky brightness map of Catalonia in B and V bands with a sampling grid of 5 km. It provides an accurate picture of the light pollution current situation of the country. The maps reveal a complex pattern, in agreement with the obtained in the measurements campaign, linked to the heterogeneity of the territory regarding population distribution and orography. The principal sources of light pollution are Barcelona and Tarragona metropolitan areas. The coastal line, in general, is very polluted. The darkest regions of the country are the Pyrenees, especially in the west, the Ports de Beseit natural park in the south west of the country, and the area around Montsec mountain range in the west.
El terme contaminació lumínica fa referencia als diferents efectes perjudicials derivats de les fonts de llum artificial. Aquest fenomen afecta l’astronomia observacional, la salut de les espècies que estan adaptades als cicles naturals de llum i a més a més contribueix al canvi climàtic. En aquesta tesi, l’objectiu és contribuir en l’estudi de la contaminació lumínica a nivell físic i proporcionar estratègies per millorar i facilitar la seva avaluació. Per assolir aquest objectiu hem establert dues línies de treball diferents: mesures i modelització. A la branca de mesures hem estudiat el zenit en grans territoris utilitzant mesures dinàmiques amb un fotòmetre SQM. Aquesta metodologia ens ha permès recórrer més de 3500 km en un total de 26 nits distribuïdes en quatre campanyes anuals. També hem estudiat tot el cel en vuit localitzacions prenent imatges amb càmeres comercials (DLSR) i processant-les amb el software Sky Quality Camera . Els models de contaminació lumínica reprodueixen les interaccions entre la radiació electromagnètica i els components de l’atmosfera per estimar la brillantor de cel. En particular hem treballat amb el model numèric de contaminació lumínica Illumina. L’hem utilitzat per crear tres tipus de productes diferents: mapes de contribució que mostren el percentatge de la llum artificial total que prové de cada font; mapes de brillantor de tot el cel i mapes de brillantor zenital de grans àrees. Catalunya té un patró de brillantor del cel complex, degut a la heterogeneïtat en la distribució de la població i en l’orografia del territori. Les principals fonts de llum són les àrees metropolitanes de Barcelona i Tarragona. La línia de costa està molt contaminada en general. Les regions més fosques del territori són el Pirineu, especialment a l’oest, el parc natural dels Ports de Beseit al sud-oest i l’àrea al voltant de la serra del Montsec.

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Alves, Marcio José. "O problema da incerteza na medida no ensino médio : uma proposta para o ensino". Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2447.

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O presente estudo aborda “o problema da incerteza na medida no ensino médio” e propõe uma Unidade de Ensino Potencialmente Significativo (UEPS) acerca do assunto. O objetivo desta proposta pedagógica é introduzir conceitos relativos às incertezas inerentes ao processo de medição, conhecimento visto como essencial para uma melhor compreensão dos experimentos quantitativos, e por consequência dos conceitos físicos. Participaram desse estudo alunos de Física do 1° ano do ensino médio do Colégio Estadual Professora Adélia Dionísia Barbosa, lotado no município de Londrina, no estado do Paraná. As principais constatações deste trabalho são: (i) é possível introduzir conceitos relativos às incertezas inerentes ao processo de medição, no ensino básico; (ii) as UEPS e a experimentação, alicerçadas por investigações da Educação Científica, que também abarcam o ensino de Física, podem contribuir para a aprendizagem significativa dos conceitos físicos e para a motivação dos alunos nas aulas de física do ensino médio.
This present study approach “the problem of uncertainty in the measure of the high school” and propose a Potentially Meaningful Teaching Unit (PMTU) about the matter. The objective of this pedagogical proposal is to introduce concept related to the uncertainties inherent to the measurement processes, knowledge considered essential for a better understanding of the quantitative experiments. Participants of this study were Physics students from the 1st year of high school at the Adélia Dionísia Barbosa State School, in Londrina, Paraná State. The main findings of this study are: (i) it is possible to introduce concepts related to the uncertainties inherent in the measurement process in basic education; (ii) the PMTU and the experimentation, based on scientific education research, which also includes physics teaching, can contribute to the meaningful learning of the physical concepts and to the motivation of students in high school physics classes.

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Eshete, Getachew. "Assessment of fuelwood resources in acacia woodlands in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia : towards the development of planning tools for sustainable management /". Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5638-X.pdf.

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Leitzke, Juliana Padilha. "Desenvolvimento de um sistema de monitoração de fluidos baseado em espectroscopia de impedância". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1011.

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CAPES
Em diversas aplicações industriais é necessário o monitoramento do comportamento de fluidos, como por exemplo, a análise da cinética de reações químicas ou a investigação de escoamentos com múltiplos constituintes (comum em atividades de exploração e produção de petróleo). A espectroscopia de impedância, ou seja, a determinação da impedância elétrica de substâncias em diversas frequências é uma técnica frequentemente utilizada em química analítica para investigação de substâncias. No entanto, em processos industriais essa técnica ainda encontra pouco uso. Este trabalho objetiva o desenvolvimento de um sistema simples e de baixo custo de espectroscopia de impedância com potencial de aplicação em atividades industriais. Foram primeiramente revisadas as diversas técnicas para obtenção do espectro de impedância. Para a implementação, optou-se pela utilização do sinal discreto sequencial senoidal aliado ao circuito amplificador de transimpedância para monitoração de fluidos. Foi também utilizado um sensor planar interdigital para interrogação das substâncias. O sistema desenvolvido consiste em um painel de controle no computador conectado a um gerador de sinais e a uma placa de aquisição de dados. O sinal do gerador é aplicado ao sensor com a substância em análise, sendo o outro eletrodo do sensor conectada ao amplificador de transimpedância, que é conectado ao demodulador, onde então a informação é lida pela placa de aquisição de dados. Para validação do sistema, realizaram-se medidas com resistores e capacitores e diversas substâncias, tais como ar, água deionizada, etilenoglicol, isopropanol e óleo. Também foi medido gelo, substância que, ao contrário das outras estudadas, apresenta o fenômeno de relaxação nas frequências analisadas. Em comparação com valores teóricos, os resultados do sistema se mostraram apropriados para que seja possível identificar diferentes fluidos, por meio da medição da resposta em frequência da impedância dessas substâncias.
Many industrial applications require monitoring the behavior of fluids, for instance, the monitoring of the kinetics of chemical reactions or the investigation of flows with multiple components (common in oil extraction and production activities). The impedance spectroscopy, i.e. the measurement of the electrical impedance at various frequencies is a technique frequently used in analytical chemistry for investigating substances. However, in industrial processes, this technique only finds limited application. This work’s main objective is the development of a simple and low-cost impedance spectroscopy measuring system, which may potentially be applied in industrial activities. First, the various techniques to obtain the impedance spectrum were revised. The system was implemented using the sequential discrete sinusoidal signal combined with transimpedance amplifier circuit for monitoring impedance of fluids. Further, a planar interdigital sensor was used for interrogation of substances. The developed system consists of a control panel on the computer connected to a signal generator and a data acquisition board. The signal generator is applied to one sensor electrode containing the substance under test and the other sensor electrode is connected to the transimpedance amplifier. The voltage output is demodulated and read by the data acquisition board. To validate the system, measurements were carried out with commercial resistors and capacitors as well as several known substances such as air, deionized water, ethylene glycol, isopropanol and oil. Ice was also measured; a substance that, unlike the others studied presents the phenomenon of relaxation in frequencies analyzed. The results are consistent with theoretical predictions and of appropriate accuracy. Hence, the system may be applied to identify different fluids, by measuring the frequency response of the impedance of substances.

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VENIAMIN, LASCAR. "Corps calleux : mensurations en irm chez l'enfant". Amiens, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AMIEM034.

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Longo, Jean Paulo Nakatu. "Electrical impedance measurements of clathrate hydrates". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1406.

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PETROBRAS
Dentre os desafios no processo de produção de hidrocarbonetos na indústria de óleo e gás, uma área em destaque nos últimos anos é conhecida como garantia de escoamento, a qual envolve assegurar de forma contínua que os fluidos (óleo ou gás) escoem pelas tubulações que conectam o poço aos sistemas de separação na superfície. Um dos principais problemas enfrentados está ligado à deposição de hidratos de gás em tubulações, podendo estes diminuir o diâmetro útil ou até obstruir as tubulações, gerando perdas financeiras consideráveis devido a, principalmente, parada de produção. Hidratos de gás ou clatratos são estruturas cristalinas sólidas semelhantes ao gelo, normalmente formados por moléculas de água e gás em determinadas condições de pressão e temperatura. Atualmente não existe uma técnica de medição estabelecida para monitoração da formação de hidratos em tubulações. Uma técnica candidata é a medição da impedância (ou o espectro de impedância) dos fluidos, pois se trata de uma técnica simples, robusta e de baixo custo. Com o objetivo de investigar o processo de formação de hidratos de forma controlada, foram realizados e analisados diversos experimentos com três sistemas de medição diferentes operando três células de medição distintas. Um sistema totalmente comercial, um sistema misto e um sistema dedicado foram utilizados para realizar medidas de impedância do processo de formação de hidratos. Os testes foram realizados com uma substância modelo (tetrahidrofurano – THF) em mistura com água, com a qual é possível a formação de hidratos sem a necessidade do uso de uma célula pressurizada. Os dois primeiros sistemas (comercial e misto) são capazes de medir o espectro de impedância na faixa 101 Hz até 107 Hz. Já o sistema dedicado opera em frequência fixa (tipicamente 5 MHz). Os resultados mostraram-se promissores no que diz respeito à monitoração da formação de hidratos, já que diferenças consideráveis nos valores de impedância são observadas para a mistura de THF-água em estado líquido e com a presença de hidratos. Dessa maneira, o sistema desenvolvido aliado ao processamento dos dados experimentais pode ser empregado em trabalhos futuros como ferramenta simples para monitorar a formação de hidratos em tubulações.
Among the challenges in the oil and gas industry for hydrocarbon production, a featured area in recent years is known as flow assurance, which involves to guarantee the continuously stream of fluids (oil or gas) through pipelines connecting wellhead to separation systems at topside. One of the main problems is related to the deposition of gas hydrates in pipelines, since these deposits may reduce the effective pipe diameter or even clog pipelines, causing considerable financial losses mainly due to production stop. Gas hydrates or clathrates are crystalline solid ice-like structures, typically formed by water and gas molecules under certain conditions of pressure and temperature. Currently there is no established measurement technique for monitoring the hydrate formation in pipelines. One candidate technique is impedance (or impedance spectrum) measurement of fluids, since it is simple, robust and low cost. With the objective of investigating hydrate formation in a controlled environment, several experiments with three different measuring systems operating three different measuring cells have been performed and evaluated. A fully commercial, a mixed, and a dedicated measuring system were applied for obtaining impedance data of hydrates formation. The experimental tests were performed with a model substance (tetrahydrofuran - THF) in mixture with water which allows the monitoring of hydrates formation at ambient pressures (i.e. no need to use a pressurized cell). The first two systems (commercial and mixed) are able to measure the impedance spectrum in the range 10 Hz to 10 MHz. The dedicated system operates at a fixed frequency (typically 5 MHz). The results show that considerable differences in impedance values are observed for the THF-water mixture in liquid conditions and with the presence of hydrates, hence being promising in hydrates formation monitoring. In this way, the developed measurement system allied to appropriated data processing routines has the potential to be applied as simple tool to monitor hydrate formation in pipes.

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Blomgren, Andreas. "Skogsbruksplanläggning i fullskiktad skog". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105082.

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Intresset för olika hyggesfria skogsbruksmetoder ökar men frågan är hur en skogsbruksplan kan anpassas till detta och vilken metod som kan användas. Denna studie inriktade sig på att mäta i fullskiktade skogar med enkla verktyg för att få ut beståndsdata till nytta för skötseln och att användas till en skogsbruksplan. För att få fram diameterspridningen klavades träden. Det krävdes minst 600 m2 för att få tillräcklig kvalitet i diameterspridning. För volymen jämfördes klavning, relaskopmätning och laserdata. Resultatet visade att det är svårt att mäta volym i fullskiktade bestånd beroende på tätheten och ojämnheten. Inte minst gäller detta relaskopmätning som undervärderade volymen. Klavning och laserdata fick ungefär samma precision. Studien visade också att tidsåtgången i fält för klavning jämfört med vanlig planläggning med relaskop endast skiljde några få minuter. Om klavning kombineras med att hämta volymen från laserdata kan till och med denna metod vara mer tidseffektiv.

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Domingos, Nathalia. "Tradução comentada da primeira parte do tratado A plaine and easie introduction to practicall musicke (1597) de Thomas Morley". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27157/tde-02122012-185028/.

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Este trabalho contempla a teoria e prática da música inglesa do final do século XVI e início do XVII. Seu objetivo central é oferecer uma tradução comentada da primeira parte do tratado A Plaine and Easie Introduction to Practicall Musicke\" (1597) de Thomas Morley, amparada por notas explicativas e críticas que tratam dos problemas referentes à terminologia e algumas questões de caráter histórico. A escolha do tratado de Morley para a presente pesquisa deve-se ao seu enfoque completo e pedagógico das principais definições da teoria musical da época e é na primeira parte do tratado que todos os elementos melódicos e rítmicos necessários para a leitura de uma partitura são apresentados. Portanto, a tradução para o português desta importante obra será muito útil para músicos e editores, pois permitirá realizar transcrições, leituras críticas de edições modernas e leitura em fac-símile. Além disso, será essencial para o estudo da música inglesa daquele período, considerando que a prática musical inglesa difere, em alguns aspectos, daquela ensinada no continente europeu.
This research contemplates the theory and practice of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth century English music. Its main objective is to provide a commented translation of the first part of \"The Plaine and Easie Introduction to Practicall Musicke\" (1597) by Thomas Morley supported by explanatory notes and criticisms dealing with problems related to terminology and reflections on historical matters. The choice of Morleys treatise for this research is due to its comprehensive teaching of the main definitions of music theory at that time. It is in the first part that all the melodic and rhythmic elements necessary for the reading of a musical score are presented. Therefore, the translation of this important work into Portuguese should be very useful for musicians and publishers, as it will allow transcriptions and critical readings of modern editions and reading in facsimile. Moreover, it should also be essential for the study of English music of that period, as the English musical practice differs in some respects from that taught in the European continent.

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Dalposso, David Marlon. "Atributos do solo e dendrometria em agrofloresta no Sudoeste do Paraná". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2494.

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O estudo da variabilidade dos atributos químicos, físicos e biológicos do solo é de suma importância para executar o manejo correto do solo, bem como o emprego de ferramentas tecnológicas de modo a facilitar e intensificar o conhecimento das relações e correlações soloplanta. Após a introdução geral o estudo abordou as variáveis de solo de interesse agrícola e silvicultural na forma de artigo científico de número um, de modo a proporcionar o conhecimento de diferentes sistemas de uso e manejo do solo comparados à agrofloresta, evidenciando que existe uma relação de causa e efeito entre esses ambientes em estudo, revelando sua variabilidade. No segundo artigo foi abordada a questão da geoestatística, ferramenta a qual possibilita fazer o estudo mais detalhado e localizado dos diferentes aspectos químicos, físicos e biológicos do solo, gerando mapas temáticos do comportamento de cada variável em questão. Por fim, o último capítulo abordou a correlação dos atributos do solo com variáveis dendrométricas da agrofloresta, de modo a entender qual a relação entre estes, se positiva ou negativa, alta ou baixa, inferindo assim sobre o sucesso da cultura para dada condição de solo, manejo, sistema de uso. Para o primeiro artigo, os sistemas apresentaram variabilidade entre si para os atributos químicos, físicos e biológicos do solo, onde predominam maiores teores de matéria orgânica na mata nativa, seguida de menor densidade e maior umidade do solo. A integração-Lavoura-Pecuária apresentou a maior resistência à penetração do solo e o menor teor de matéria orgânica, ainda a maior densidade do solo. A maior macroporosidade e porosidade total foram constatadas na mata nativa para a profundidade de 10-20 cm. O maior número de insetos foi constatado na Integração Lavoura Pecuária, porém menor diversidade e riqueza e maior dominância. No segundo artigo foi constatada variabilidade espacial para os atributos químicos, físicos e biológicos do solo, apresentando diferentes alcances e dependências espaciais através dos semivariogramas da krigagem. Por fim, o terceiro artigo apresentou correlação somente entre a variável química saturação de bases do solo e área basal na camada de 0-5 cm do solo, sendo esta alta e inversa, bem como para resistência à penetração do solo na profundidade de 20-50 cm. Destaca-se que há variabilidade dos atributos do solo em distintos manejos e sistemas de uso, bem como variabilidade espacial para os atributos do solo. Ainda, que há correlação de alguns atributos químicos e físicos do solo com variáveis dendrométricas de produção em agrofloresta.
The study of the variability of the chemical, physical and biological attributes of the soil is of paramount importance to execute the correct management of the soil, as well as the use of technological tools in order to facilitate and intensify the knowledge of the relationships and soil-plant correlations. After the general introduction the study addressed the soil variables of agricultural and silvicultural interest in the form of a scientific article of number one, in order to provide the knowledge of different land use and management systems compared to agroforestry, evidencing that there is a relation of Cause and effect among these study environments, revealing their variability. In the second article the geostatistical question was addressed, which makes it possible to make a more detailed and localized study of the different chemical, physical and biological aspects of the soil, generating thematic maps of the behavior of each variable in question. Finally, the last chapter dealt with the correlation of soil attributes with dendrometric variables of the agroforestry, in order to understand the relationship between them, whether positive or negative, high or low, thus inferring the success of the crop for a given soil condition , handling, system of use. For the first article, the systems presented variability among the chemical, physical and biological attributes of the soil, where the highest organic matter contents prevailed in the native forest, followed by lower density and higher soil moisture. The integration-crop-livestock showed the highest resistance to soil penetration and the lowest content of organic matter, even the highest soil density. The highest macroporosity and total porosity were observed in the native forest for a depth of 10-20 cm. The highest number of insects was observed in the Crop-Livestock Integration, but less diversity and richness and greater dominance. In the second article, spatial variability was verified for the chemical, physical and biological attributes of the soil, presenting different ranges and spatial dependencies through the semivariograms of kriging. Finally, the third article presented a correlation only between the chemical saturation of soil bases and basal area in the 0-5 cm layer of the soil, being this high and inverse, as well as for resistance to soil penetration at the depth of 20- 50 cm. It should be noted that there is variability of soil attributes in different management and use systems, as well as spatial variability for soil attributes. Also, there is correlation of some soil chemical and physical attributes with dendrometric variables of agroforestry production.

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Borba, Marco Antônio Costa de. "Medição de cobertura no sistema brasileiro de TV digital terrestre". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2011. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/917.

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CAPES
É um interesse permanente das entidades de teledifusão conhecer a região geográfica servida por suas emissões. Modelos computacionais podem fornecer informações detalhadas sobre a área coberta, ao implementar variados métodos de predição baseados em normas e recomendações. Enquanto tais métodos computacionais são indispensáveis à tomada de decisão dos órgãos reguladores, medir o sinal após sua implementação é atividade imprescindível para validar as predições, e para identificar precisamente áreas sem cobertura e orientar na sua solução. Analisar os diversos aspectos envolvidos, e validar uma metodologia prática para conhecer a cobertura real de um sistema de TV digital é o objetivo deste trabalho.
Knowing the exact region served by a broadcasting station is a permanent interest. Computer models can produce detailed maps of the covered area, by implementing several prediction methods prescribed in specific regulations. While such computer methods are essential to the decision-making process of the regulatory boards, some field-work is still required to validate the predictions, as well as to investigate situations that may give rise to reception difficulties. The analysis of the several aspects involved, and the validation of a practical method for assessing the true coverage of the digital TV system adopted in Brazil is the purpose of this work.

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Wrasse, Aluísio do Nascimento. "Sensor capacitivo para imageamento direto de escoamentos bifásicos". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1152.

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ANP; FINEP; MCT
Os escoamentos bifásicos são encontrados em diversas aplicações industriais, dentre elas na indústria do petróleo como escoamentos gás-líquido em tubulações. O conhecimento da distribuição das fases no escoamento é importante para garantir a operação eficiente e segura de plantas e equipamentos. Na área acadêmica o conhecimento dessa distribuição de fases permite o estudo de fenômenos físicos, além de permitir o desenvolvimento, refinamento e validação de modelos de escoamento. Neste trabalho, foi desenvolvido e investigado o uso de um novo sensor de múltiplas medidas de capacitância para o imageamento direto de escoamentos bifásicos. As medidas são baseadas na diferença na permissividade elétrica entre as fases, ou seja, o sensor pode ser aplicado para investigação de substâncias não-condutivas como óleos e líquidos orgânicos. Com o intuito de aprimorar a geometria do sensor e prever seu comportamento foram realizadas simulações do comportamento elétrico do sensor pelo método dos elementos finitos. O sensor é composto por dois anéis de eletrodos, um anel é o transmissor e o outro anel é o receptor, o qual é segmentado onde cada segmento é individualmente interrogado por uma eletrônica de forma rápida e multiplexada. Desta forma as imagens são geradas e formadas pelos sinais dos eletrodos distribuídos de uma maneira a representar a geometria investigada, o que elimina a necessidade do uso de técnicas de reconstrução de imagens. O sensor é construído em uma placa de circuito impresso flexível que é acoplada na parede interna de uma seção do duto. Uma eletrônica associada é responsável por detectar as variações de capacitância. O sensor desenvolvido, em conjunto com a eletrônica utilizada, foi testado em escoamentos bifásicos estáticos e dinâmicos, horizontais e verticais. As imagens diretas foram geradas para estas diferentes situações, apresentando resultados satisfatórios quando comparado com um sensor de referência. A principal contribuição deste trabalho é a apresentação de uma nova ferramenta capaz de gerar imagens diretas de escoamentos compostos por líquidos não-condutivos sem a necessidade do uso de técnicas de reconstrução de imagens.
Two-phase flow is present in many industrial applications, among them in petroleum industry as gas-liquid flow in pipelines. The knowledge of the phase distribution in the pipe flow is important for the efficiency and safety of the plants. In the academia, the knowledge of this phase distribution allows the understanding of physical phenomena, as well as gives support for the development, refinement and validation of physical models. In this work, a novel capacitive array sensor has been developed and its use was investigated to image two-phase flow. The measuring principle is based on the difference between electrical permittivity of the phases. Therefore the sensor can be applied to electrically non-conductive substances such as oil and organic liquids. Several simulations based on Finite Element Method have been performed to improve the sensor geometry and predict its electrical behavior. The sensor consists of two copper rings being one emitter and one receiver ring. Receiver ring is divided into segments which are individually interrogated by the measuring electronics in a fast and multiplexed manner. In this way, images are directly generated from acquired signals of electrodes, in a way that visually represents the investigated geometry avoiding the use of some image reconstruction technique. The sensor is fabricated in a flexible printed-circuit board which is flush- mounted inside the pipe wall. A measuring electronics is responsible to detect the capacitance changes in the electrodes. The introduced sensor along with the associated electronics has been tested in static and dynamic two-phase flow, both horizontally and vertically. Direct images were generated in these different situations showing satisfactory results when compared to a reference sensor. Main contribution of this work is the introduction of a new measuring tool which is able to image flow (also containing electrically non-conducting fluids) with no need to apply image reconstruction techniques.

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Coutinho, Fábio Rizental. "Um novo método ultrassônico para detecção da posição da interface em escoamentos bifásicos ar-água". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/972.

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IBP; FINEP
Técnicas de medição de velocidade baseadas em ultrassom vem sendo muito utilizadas atualmente para o estudo de escoamentos de fluidos devido ao seu caráter não intrusivo. Em escoamentos bifásicos ar-água, a grande dificuldade na aplicação dessa metodologia é resolver a que fase pertence a velocidade medida. Esse problema envolve a tarefa de determinar a posição da interface líquido-gás. O algoritmo de estimação de velocidade denominado de Velocity Matched Spectrum (VMS) se diferencia dos demais por apresentar como resultado um espectro de velocidades para cada volume amostral interrogado. Neste trabalho um método baseado no formato dessa curva espectral da velocidade é utilizado para gerar um mapeamento espaço-temporal, o qual, após aplicação de filtros espaciais, resulta na detecção acurada da posição da interface água-ar. Para isso, um sistema de medição que utiliza o estimador VMS foi desenvolvido e validado através de um experimento de escoamento em cilindro girante e de um escoamento horizontal monofásico turbulento. A ascensão de bolhas em líquido estagnado apresenta dificuldades na detecção da fronteira água-ar devido às mudanças abruptas na inclinação da interface da bolha no seu movimento de subida. É mostrado que a técnica proposta apresenta um erro RMS entre 1,71 a 3,39 e uma probabilidade de falha na detecção e de falsa detecção entre 0,89% a 11,9% na determinação da posição espaço-temporal da interface água-ar de um escoamento externo de ascensão de bolhas em líquido estagnado. Mostra-se que a exatidão na determinação é mantida mesmo no caso de um transdutor obstruído por uma chapa metálica, ou então, emitindo externamente a uma tubulação de acrílico.
Ultrasonic measurement techniques for velocity estimation are currently widely used in flow study due to its non-intrusive nature. The difficulty on the application of this methodology to a two-phase air-water flow is in deciding from which phase the velocity data measured comes from. This problem involves the task of evaluating gas-liquid interface position. The algorithm known as Velocity Matched Spectrum (VMS) is a velocity estimator that stands out from other methods by returning a spectrum of velocities for each interrogated volume sample. In this work a method based on velocity spectrum curve shape is used to generate a spatial-temporal mapping, which, after spatial filtering, yields an accurate contour of the air-water interface. Therefore, a measurement system that implements VMS estimator was developed and validated through a rotating cylinder and a horizontal single-phase pipe turbulent flow experiments. Interface detection of free-rising bubbles in quiescent liquid presents some difficulties for interface detection due to abrupt changes in interface inclination. It is showed that the proposed technique yields a RMS error between 1.71 to 3.39 and a probability of detection failure or false detection between 0.89% to 11.9% in determining the spatial-temporal gas-liquid interface position in the flow of free rising bubbles in stagnant liquid. This result is valid for both free path and with transducer emitting through a metallic plate or a Plexiglas pipe.

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Cemin, Paulo Roberto. "Plataforma de medição de consumo para comparação entre software e hardware em projetos energeticamente eficientes". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1310.

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A popularização dos dispositivos móveis impulsionou a pesquisa e o desenvolvimento de soluções de baixo consumo. A evolução destas aplicações demanda ferramentas que permitam avaliar diferentes alternativas de implementação, fornecendo, aos desenvolvedores, informações valiosas para a criação de soluções energeticamente eficientes. Este trabalho desenvolveu uma nova plataforma de medição de consumo que permite comparar a eficiência energética de diferentes algoritmos implementados em software e em hardware. A plataforma é capaz de medir o consumo energético de um processo específico em execução em um processador de propósito geral com um sistema operacional padrão, além de comparar o resultado obtido com algoritmos equivalentes implementados em uma FPGA. Isto permite ao desenvolvedor dividir o processamento da aplicação entre software e hardware de forma a obter a solução mais energeticamente eficiente. Comparada com o estado da arte, a plataforma de medição criada possui três característica inovadoras: suporte a medição de consumo de software e hardware; medição de trechos de código específicos executados pelo processador; e suporte a alteração dinâmica do clock. Também é mostrado neste trabalho como a plataforma desenvolvida tem sido utilizada para analisar o consumo energético de algoritmos de detecção de intrusão de rede para ataques do tipo probing.
The large number of mobile devices increased the interest in low-power designs. Tools that allow the evaluation of alternative implementations give the designer actionable information to create energy-efficient designs. This paper presents a new power measurement platform able to compare the energy consumption of different algorithms implemented in software and in hardware. The proposed platform is able to measure the energy consumption of a specific process running in a general-purpose CPU with a standard operating system, and to compare the results with equivalent algorithms running in an FPGA. This allows the designer to choose the most energy-efficient software vs. hardware partitioning for a given application. Compared with the current state-of-the-art, the presented platform has four distinguishing features: (i) support for both software and hardware power measurements, (ii) measurement of individual code sections in the CPU, (iii) support for dynamic clock frequencies, and (iv) improvement of measurement precision. We also demonstrate how the developed platform has been used to analyze the energy consumption of network intrusion detection algorithms aimed at detecting probing attacks.

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Lien, John Nils. "Modeling scenic quality of residential streets using mensurational variables". Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50048.

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Regression models were developed to predict scenic quality for residential streets in Ann Arbor, Michigan for both Summer and Winter vegetative conditions. Scenic quality was quantified using the Scenic Beauty Estimation method. Only variables that existed in the city's computer data base were used. Variables such as diameter at breast height, basal area, number of trees, and tree species diversity were investigated as to their predictive ability. In addition, the predictive ability of quadratic, power, inverse, and logarithmic transformations of these variables was investigated. The best predictive Summer model used the natural log of the average diameter of street trees and the natural log of the average assessed property value as variables. The best predictive Winter model used the natural log of the average diameter of street trees as its independent variable.
Master of Science
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Santos, Greg José dos. "Sensor capacitivo inteligente para monitoramento de escoamentos bifásicos". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1304.

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CAPES; ANP; FINEP; MCT; PETROBRAS
Escoamentos bifásicos são encontrados com frequência, em atividades industriais, como por exemplo, em reatores químicos e nas operações de produção e transporte de petróleo, onde escoamentos do tipo gás-liquido são os mais comuns. Esses são caracterizados pela passagem simultânea de dois fluidos imiscíveis em um duto, podendo tomar diversas formas ao longo da tubulação, chamado de padrão ou regime de escoamento. Em muitos casos, o tipo de escoamento determina a eficiência e segurança dos processos ou plantas onde tais ocorrem. Desta forma, a monitoração em tempo real de escoamentos bifásicos é de grande importância. O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver um sensor inteligente para monitoramento de escoamento bifásico. Foram selecionados dois parâmetros importantes de monitoração, o primeiro deles é a fração de gás e o segundo a velocidade de translação de bolhas. Para isso foi desenvolvido uma sonda capacitiva que explora a diferença da permissividade elétrica das fases para diferenciá-las. Além disso, uma eletrônica anteriormente desenvolvida foi aprimorada para tornar possível a medição de dois canais simultaneamente e o firmware modificado para realização do cálculo de fração de vazio e velocidades de forma embarcada. A resposta da sonda capacitiva desenvolvida não depende apenas da proporção volumétrica das fases, mas também da forma que estão distribuídas em seu interior, portanto simulações de campo elétrico pelo método de elementos finitos foram realizadas para o levantamento da resposta do mesmo. A resposta do sensor foi validada através de testes estáticos e em escoamentos em plantas controladas, onde os resultados foram comparados com os obtidos, em medidas simultâneas com o sensor wire-mesh, adotado como referência neste trabalho. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o sensor capacitivo é capaz de medir os parâmetros de forma satisfatória. Assim, este sensor pode ser empregado em trabalhos futuros como ferramenta simples para monitoração de escoamentos bifásicos.
Two-phase flow is frequently found in industrial activities, for instance in chemical reactors or during oil production and transport, where gas-liquid flow type is the most common. Such flow is characterized by the simultaneous passage of two immiscible fluids in a pipe. The fluids may assume various spatial distributions in a pipe, which are classified into flow regimes. In many cases, the type of flow determines the efficiency and safety of the processes or plants in which they occur. The objective of this work is to develop a smart sensor for real-time monitoring of two-phase flows. Here two important monitoring parameters were selected; the first is the gas void fraction and the second translational bubble velocities. To this aim, a capacitive probe was developed that exploits the difference in electrical permittivity of the phases. In addition, a previously developed electronics have been further developed to make it possible to measure two channels simultaneously and the firmware has been modified for performing the calculation of the two parameters directly in the embedded microcontroller. The response of the capacitive probe depends not only on the volume fraction of the phases, but it also depends on the way they are distributed inside the pipe. In order to account for this, electric field simulations by finite element method were performed to survey the sensor responses. The overall sensor response was validated by static tests and controlled flow experiments in a pilot plant. The measurement results were compared with those obtained by simultaneous measurements with a wire-mesh sensor which was adopted as reference in this study. The results show that the capacitive sensor is able of measuring the parameters satisfactorily. Hence, the sensor can be applied in future work as a simple tool for two-phase flows monitoring.

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Köster, Joel Eduardo Matschinske. "Escâner tridimensional para medição de volume de feridas". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2012. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/892.

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CNPq
O tratamento e cuidados com úlceras de pé diabético é uma questão de saúde pública. As técnicas atuais utilizadas para o acompanhamento do processo de cicatrização de úlceras abertas são baseadas principalmente em medidas aproximadas da área da ferida e envolvem contato direto, o que representa riscos de contaminação para o paciente. Neste trabalho é proposto o uso de técnicas de visão computacional para medir não apenas a área, mas o volume de úlceras abertas, fornecendo informação objetiva sobre o processo de cicatrização para os médicos, evitando contato direto com a ferida durante o procedimento de medição. A técnica proposta envolve a aquisição de uma sequência de imagens da ferida com iluminação estruturada usando um laser de baixa potência em linha, seguida de reconstrução da profundidade a partir da geometria do dispositivo de aquisição. É identificada a região da ferida de forma semiautomática e construída uma superfície fictícia do que seria a pele natural para servir de base para o cálculo do volume, que corresponde à quantidade de tecido faltante. Experimentos controlados ex-vivo utilizando um modelo de borracha de um Pé Diabético e um joelho de porco com uma ferida artificial representando a pele humana demonstram a viabilidade da técnica proposta.
Treatment and follow-up of Diabetic Foot ulcers is a major public health issue. Current techniques used for following up the healing process of open ulcers are mostly based on approximate area measurements of the wound and involve direct contact, which poses risks of contamination for the patient. This work proposes the use of computer vision techniques to measure not just the area, but the volume of open ulcers, providing additional objective information about the healing process to physicians while avoiding direct contact with the wound during the measurement procedure. The proposed technique involves acquiring a sequence of images of the wound with structured illumination using a low-power laser beam line, followed by depth reconstruction from the geometry of the acquisition device. The wound region is identified in a semi-automatic way and a fictitious surface of what would be the normal skin surface is then used to compute the volume, which corresponds to the missing amount of tissue. Controlled ex-vivo experiments using a rubber model of a Diabetic Foot and a knuckle of pork with an artificial wound representing the human skin demonstrate the viability of the proposed technique.
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Moraes, Fábio Brignol de. "Avaliação das emissões conduzidas e radiadas geradas por unidade eletrocirúrgica e sistema de iluminação com lâmpadas fluorescentes em equipamentos médicos". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/797.

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Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre interferência eletromagnética, emissões radiada e conduzida, gerados pelo sistema de iluminação e pela unidade de eletrocirurgia (bisturi eletrônico) numa sala cirúrgica de um hospital da cidade de Pato Branco/PR. O trabalho consistiu em medidas de emissões conduzidas e radiadas de sistemas de iluminação fluorescentes em laboratório e de emissões conduzidas e radiadas “in loco” da unidade de eletrocirurgia. Além disso, foi feito estudo de referenciais sobre as normas, nacionais e internacionais, que incidem sobre estes dois sistemas. Como resultado do trabalho tem-se um panorama sobre a situação das emissões conduzidas e radiadas, pelos sistemas de iluminação fluorescente e unidade eletrocirúrgica utilizados no hospital.
This work presents a study on electromagnetic interference radiated and conducted emissions generated by the lighting system and the electrosurgery unit (eletric scalpel) in na operating room of a hospital in Pato Branco / PR. The work consisted of measurements of conducted and radiated emission of fluorescent lighting systems in the laboratory of conducted and radiated “in loco” electrosurgery unit emissions. Futhermore, a study was made of references on standarts, national and international, that focus on these two systems. Because of the work, has an overview on the situation of conducted and radiated emissions, the fluorecent lighting used in electrosurgical unit and hospital systems.

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Linessio, Rafael Pomorski. "Caracterização de um acelerômetro óptico biaxial para monitoramento de vibrações em máquinas elétrica". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2025.

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CAPES; CNPQ; FINEP; FA; SETI
Este trabalho tem como objetivo implementar, caracterizar, calibrar e testar um acelerômetro óptico biaxial para o monitoramento de vibrações em máquinas elétricas. São apresentados os métodos convencionais de sensoriamento e sistemas ópticos para a análise de vibrações. O acelerômetro proposto tem como elemento sensor as redes de Bragg em fibra óptica, onde a oscilação da massa inercial provoca a alteração do comprimento de onda de Bragg conforme o deslocamento da base do sensor. O acelerômetro óptico biaxial permite a medição da aceleração em duas direções ortogonais, onde a frequência natural para o eixo x é 747,5 Hz e para o eixo y é 757,5 Hz, podendo assim realizar medições com sensibilidade constante até aproximadamente um terço dessas frequências. A caracterização em resposta em frequência denominado massa dinâmica, foi obtido com os ensaios experimentais utilizando o martelo de impacto e o atuador eletromecânico. Este último ensaio permitiu que o acelerômetro fosse exposto a uma excitação harmônica de 10 Hz a 750 Hz. A comparação da resposta obtida com o acelerômetro piezoelétrico utilizado como referência e o sistema óptico possibilitou obter a curva de sensibilidade em pm por g ao longo da frequência de análise. A análise em frequência está em consonância com a NBR 60034-14 a qual especifica os limites de vibração para máquinas elétricas girantes quando desacopladas de qualquer carga ou acionamento. Os ensaios realizados para validar a resposta do acelerômetro óptico biaxial para o monitoramento das frequências de vibrações em máquinas elétricas, foram desenvolvidos em três momentos. Primeiro foi analisado um grupo-gerador de 500 kVA no Hospital Pequeno Príncipe em Curitiba. Segundo foi utilizado um motor de indução conectado a um inversor de frequência e por último foi analisado um motor de indução operando com o rotor com a barra quebrada, onde foi acoplado um gerador síncrono para prover a carga ao motor.
The means focus of this study is to implement, characterize, calibrate and test of a biaxial optical fiber accelerometer for vibration monitoring in electrical machines. The conventional methods of the sensing as well as the optical systems for analysis of the vibrations are presents. The accelerometer proposed uses fiber Bragg gratings to measure the displacement of the na inertial mass, where cause the change of Bragg wavelength relatively to a displacement of the support base. The biaxial optical accelerometer allows the measurement of the acceleration in two ortogonal directions, where the natural frequency for the x-axis is 747,5 Hz and for y-axis is 757,5 Hz, being able to perform measurements with constant sensitivity up to one third of these frequencies. The characterization in frequency response called dynamic mass was obtained with the experimental tests using the impact hammer and electromechanical actuator. The last test allowed the accelerometer was exposed to a harmonic excitation of the 10 Hz to 750 Hz. The comparison of the response between the optical system and the piezoelectric accelerometer used as reference allowed to get the sensibility in pm by g regarding the analysis of the frequency. The analysis frequency is in line with the NBR 60034-14 wich specifies the limits of the vibration for rotating electrical machines when uncoupled from any load or drive. The tests perfomed to validate the response of the biaxial optical accelerometer for a monitoring of the vibration frequencies in electrical machines were developed in three moments. First it was tested a group-generator, 500 kVA at the Hospital Pequeno Príncipe in Curitiba. Second was used an induction motor connected to a frequency inverter and finally was analyzed na operating induction motor with broken rotor bar where was also used a synchronous generator to provide the load for motor.

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Traissac, Benoit. "Etude des mensurations intra-laryngées pour la réalisation de tubes tuteurs calibreurs autostatiques adaptés". Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M023.

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