Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Memorable experiences”

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
O turismo pode reviver experiências e momentos que ficaram no passado. Este estudo identifica dimensões por meio das quais experiências memoráveis provocam nostalgia em relação a locais de turismo. Foram conduzidas quinze entrevistas em profundidade, analisadas com base em métodos da filosofia fenomenológica. Experiências memoráveis que remetem a sentimentos nostálgicos não parecem ser necessariamente relacionadas aos locais ou destinos, mas à reprodução de sensações e emoções ali vivenciadas, ou à lembrança de momentos passados com familiares, amigos próximos ou parceiros românticos.
Tourism may relive experiences and moments from the past. This study identifies dimensions from memorable tourism experiences which can lead to nostalgia related to tourism locations. We proceeded fifteen interviews that were analyzed based on phenomelogical method. The main findings show that memorable experiences which create nostalgic feelings don t seem to be necessarily related to locations or touristic destinations, but to sensations and emotions lived there, or moments experienced with family, with closer friends or in romantic relationships.

With the shift nowadays towards an experience economy, the increased attention placed on memorable experiences and how to stage them can be viewed as a major trend which can act as a source of information regarding the stories that people share about themselves and their self-perceptions, as well as helping businesses make a step towards their guests. In this vein, rural tourism is highly consumed by people searching for these unique and memorable experiences, but the knowledge on tourists’ experiences in a rural setting are very limited. Therefore, this paper seeks to examine what memorable experiences tourists encounter in the rural setting, and more importantly, why were they memorable. In order to answer these questions, the researcher undertook a qualitative approach and in depth semi structured interviews were conducted with people who travelled in the Cluj Napoca County from Romania. The findings revealed an amalgam of experiences that people encounter in the rural setting, combined with various reasons why the experiences were considered memorable in the eyes of respondents. The main findings show how the optimal memorable tourism experience is usually comprised of several factors involving multiple experiential dimensions, and an important influence is represented by social interactions alongside positive emotions.

This qualitative study answers the call to include students’ voices in research on learning by listening to students’ perspectives about their learning experiences. Student voice inquiries into learning typically explore students’ perspectives of their learning experiences in school for enhancing teaching practice. The present study explores students’ perspectives of their learning experiences both in and out of school and elicits students’ voices through written narrative, in combination with more common approaches to student voice inquiry. The purpose of which is to inform teaching practice that better supports and facilitates students’ learning. The two research questions that guide this inquiry are: What do senior high school students’ written narratives, focus group discussion, and related written comments about their most memorable learning experiences reveal about their learning? And what do these students’ voices reveal about what they have in common in their learning? The common themes across the 24 student participants are presented as a supportive framework for classroom discussion about most memorable learning experiences. Practical implications are discussed for teaching practice and research with participant co-researchers.

There is little research on the young child's experience of the natural environment. Due to the increase in urbanisation, indoor recreation and indoor schooling many young children have become isolated from the natural environment. A love for nature and a sense of wonder in nature is being lost in the hurried childhood. This loss of access to nature impacts on the child's health and wellbeing, sense of connection and environmental literacy. This research study explores how Melbourne preschool children experience and use nature through the environments provided to them in the preschool program. The main environment is naturally the preschool play yard; however, as excursions also form part of the curriculum, the child's visit to the Royal Botanic Gardens and the Ian Potter Foundation Children's Garden forms part of this experience. Six case studies of Melburnian preschool children have been developed as a means to capture and communicate the interactions of individual children. Each of the six case studies present a child or pair of children 'in the moment,' as a snap shot of ecological learning and play behaviour and are presented as six stories, which allow the child's individual character and unique experience of nature to be expressed. Issues and behaviours evident in the children's interactions are then discussed through a framework of the seven ways of interacting in nature, which emerges from the demonstrations of these children. This information was collected using research techniques in observation; structured observations using time sampling and behaviour mapping; participating in conversations with children and collecting anecdotal observations and children's artwork. The case studies provide insight into childhood interactions with the natural environment and the levels of engagement experienced by children, with nature. The six stories, alongside topical literature, form the basis for deep discussion on the observed ways of interacting with nature.

Studien omfattar ämnet motion graphics (rörlig grafik) och hur det kan förmedla en skriven text. En textbaserad rörlig grafik togs fram för att undersöka om rörelserna gjorde textinnehållet lättare att minnas och förstå jämfört med att läsa texten statiskt. Skillnader men också likheter gällande korttidsminne och läsupplevelse undersöktes genom två testgrupper. Studien visar på att läsarna mindes bättre med motion graphics, att motion graphics i vissa fall kan förmedla en mer positiv och specifik känsloupplevelse. Det framkom också att genom motion graphics så kan läsares fokus flyttas till det visuella uttrycket istället för textens innehåll. Resultatet visade även på risken att motion graphics i vissa fall kan göra det svårare för läsaren att minnas textordningen. Det gick inte att helt säkert fastställa om skillnaderna i studien berodde på att rörelserna i sig förstärkte budskapet eller en annan orsak såsom läshastighet alternativt en kombination av flera bidragande faktorer.

Mestrado em Marketing
O aumento da procura por experiências turísticas memoráveis (ETMs), aliado ao aumento da concorrência entre os destinos turísticos, resultou na crescente relevância da investigação no âmbito das ETMs. Estas experiências são uma fonte de informação crucial para as intenções comportamentais dos turistas. A imagem do destino turístico (IDT), o valor percecionado e a satisfação global, também, são fatores preponderantes no que toca aos comportamentos de lealdade dos turistas, que os gestores de destino procuram instigar. Neste sentido, o objetivo da presente dissertação passa por identificar o impacto das ETMS, IDT, satisfação e valor percecionado na lealdade ao destino turístico. Os resultados indicam que a ETM influencia positivamente a IDT, satisfação global, valor percecionado e intenção de recomendar. A ETM não influenciou a intenção de revisitar o destino. A IDT, valor percecionado e satisfação são preditores das intenções comportamentais, sendo a IDT o preditor mais significativo da intenção de revisitar e a satisfação global o preditor mais significativo da intenção de recomendar. O presente estudo contribui para o enriquecimento do conhecimento académico existente, sendo uma investigação pioneira, que confirma a influência positiva da ETM no valor percecionado. A nível empresarial é crucial que os gestores de destino e os profissionais de marketing elaborem e desenvolvam programas de turismo que proporcionem ETMs, comuniquem o elevado valor percecionado resultante destes e avaliem através dos turistas as ofertas do destino, incluindo perguntas da escala ETM, aferindo a sua capacidade de proporcionar ETMs.
The study of memorable tourism experiences (MTEs) has become increasingly critical because of the fiercely competitive marketplace. MTEs are the consequence of deep emotions felt during a tourist activity. MTEs are important since they constitute a crucial information source for the tourists' behavioral intentions. Destination image, perceived value, and overall satisfaction represent preponderant factors concerning the tourists' loyalty behavior that destination managers seek to promote. Regarding this, this study aims to identify and evaluate the impact of MTEs, ID, overall satisfaction, and perceived value of tourists' loyalty behavior to a destination. The character of this investigation is descriptive-explanatory, it employs a quantitative mono-method study and a non-probabilistic convenience sampling technique. The outcomes indicate that MTE positively influences ID, overall satisfaction, perceived value, and intention to recommend. MTE did not influence the intention to revisit the destination. ID, perceived value, and satisfaction are predictors of behavioral intentions. ID is the most significant determinant of the intention to revisit, and global satisfaction is the most significant determinant of the intention to recommend. At the academic level, the present study contributes to the enrichment of present knowledge, by being a pioneer investigation, which sustains the positive influence of MTE on perceived value. At the corporate level, it is crucial for destination managers and marketers to design and develop tourism programs that provide ETMs, communicate these programs highlighting the high value obtained from an ETM, and evaluate the destination tourism offerings.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Wine tours and wine tastings are important components of the Okanagan tourism industry. For wineries to survive in today’s increasingly competitive market, they need to satisfy not only the basic needs of consumers but also provide memorable experiences that “engage [consumers] on an emotional, physical, intellectual or even spiritual level” (Pine and Gilmore, 1998, p. 99). Providing the right type of experience with products, services, and accompanying marketing programs has become acutely important (Kotler, Bowen, and Makens, 2014). Despite the widespread focus on and acknowledgment of the importance of memorable experiences, there is limited research on what exactly makes certain experiences special, extraordinary, and memorable. Furthermore, most consumer experience-related research has been conducted using quantitative approaches. In contrast, this study used a qualitative approach (Belk, 2006) to enhance previous findings on the factors required to facilitate memorable tourism experiences by exploring memorable consumption experiences in the wine context. Unpacking memorable consumer experiences in the wine context is critical to the success of wineries. Moreover, this process enables researchers and industry professionals to identify the various components of experiences and how they serve to transform consumers (Joy and Sherry, 2003). There are many wine consumer-related studies that focus on understanding visitors as wine buyers (Bruwer, 2004); however, the aim of this thesis is to provide a qualitative measure of the wine tasting experience from the service provider’s perspective to examine critical success factors for the development and management of consumer tasting experiences. In order to reach this goal, ethnographic data was collected using a combination of twelve in-depth expert interviews and participant observations at several wineries that focused on planning, delivery, and continued innovation of memorable experiences from the service provider’s perspectives. These findings suggest that ‘people’ and ‘process’ are the most important marketing mix elements that contribute to memorable tasting room experiences for the general public. In addition, the study found that consumption experience is co-produced by customers and service providers. Together, service providers and customers were found to play a critical role in providing memorable tasting room experiences through the process of customization.
Graduate Studies, College of (Okanagan)
Graduate

Owing to technological development, companies want to transmit a memorable customer experience to their customer in order to enhance their competitive advantage. The purpose of this thesis is twofold - (1) to explore how E-tailers of vintage are working to create memorable online customer experiences and (2) to identify the challenges vintage E-tailers face whilst trying to create these experiences. Earlier research focusing on consumer experience within an online setting was used as a theoretical framework. Semi-structured interviews with eight successful companies, all working with selling vintage online was conducted, and conclusions using thematic analysis were drawn. The findings showed that the most important factors were unique and wide assortment, establishing trust, and adequate communication. The study also shows that the main challenges are related to the complex assortment and its growth, as well as the consumer attitudes. In contrast to the current literature, this study shows that the utilitarian feature is not important and it is something that the customers take for granted. The hedonic features are perceived as being of higher importance. A suggested framework of how to create memorable customer experiences in the context of vintage is also constructed.

Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att få en djupare förståelse för vad företagen anser behövs för att upplevelser ska bli lyckade och minnesvärda. Vi vill även ta reda på vad företagen tycker utmärker en extraordinär upplevelse. Metod: Till vår uppsats har vi använt oss av en kvalitativ metod som består av semistrukturerade intervjuer, mejlintervjuer och en telefonintervju. Totalt har sex intervjuer utförts med sex olika upplevelseföretag. Slutsatser: Personal och deras bemötande är viktigt för att upplevelsen ska bli lyckad. Platsen där upplevelsen utövas har också stor betydelse och den kan utformas på ett sätt som mer eller mindre kan påverka besökarnas känslor. Upplevelserummet har en stor påverkan på helhetsintrycket. En minnesvärd upplevelse behöver involvera besökarnas känslor. Besökarna behöver känna sig delaktiga i upplevelsen och sinnena bör stimuleras för att upplevelsen ska bli minnesvärd. En extraordinär upplevelse verkar behöva innehålla de beståndsdelar som lyckade och minnesvärda upplevelser har. Den bör även vara utvecklande på ett personligt plan.
Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to gain a deeper understanding of what companies think is needed for experiences to become successful and memorable. We would also want to know what companies think distinguishes an extraordinary experience. Methodology: For this essay we have used a qualitative method that consists of semistructured interviews, e-mail interviews and one telephone interview. In total, six interviews were conducted with six different experience companies. Conclusions: Staff and their attitude is important for the experience to be successful. The place is also very important and it can be designed in a way that more or less can affect visitors' emotions. The experience room has a large impact on the overall impression. A memorable experience need to involve visitors' emotions. Visitors need to feel part of the experience and the senses should be stimulated for the experience to be memorable. An extraordinary experience must contain the elements of a successful and a memorable experience. It should also be developing on a personal level.

With numerous artists coming to South Africa, the event industry is becoming congested with competition. This makes the production of a memorable visitor experience to events particularly challenging for the management of the event. Various aspects are required to occur when managing an event, and these contribute to the success and memorable experience of visitors. These aspects can either be controlled or uncontrolled by management. To ensure a successful event and memorable experience for visitors, event managers have to consider all of the various aspects that can be controlled within the event organisation when hosting a major music event. It is therefore important for management to ensure that the controllable key management aspects, also referred to as Critical Success Factors (CSFs), are implemented effectively and efficiently to ensure a memorable visitor experience. However, even though these management aspects (CSFs) may be familiar to event managers, the significance of what visitors regard as important concerning those aspects that would ensure a memorable visitor experience is, as yet, undefined. In addition, according to available literature, CSFs differ between the different events and different tourism organisations. Thus, CSFs identified at one event to ensure the successful management of a memorable visitor experience cannot be used at other events. Hosting major music events at various locations can be even more challenging as visitors attending major music events at different locations are a non-homogeneous market and so regard different aspects in different lights. Therefore, it is evident that the CSFs identified with regard to what visitors at one venue will consider as important will differ from those regarded as important at another venue, even when it is the same performer at each venue. Thus, it became critical to seek answers to the questions of what visitors to a major music event regarded as important CSFs and how did the importance of these CSFs differ between location and location? Therefore, the purpose of this study became the determination of the CSFs for managing the visitor experience at major music events in South Africa. The year 2011 was the first time that world-famous Neil Diamond had performed in South Africa. Neil Diamond performed four concerts at different locations (Johannesburg’s FNB stadium, Durban’s Moses Mabhida Stadium, Cape Town’s Greenpoint Stadium and at Port Elizabeth’s Nelson Mandela Stadium). This was the first time major music events had been held at these venues where one performing artist performed at all four different locations (cities). Thus, this event was the ideal opportunity to investigate. In order to realise the goal of the research, surveys were conducted at the four Neil Diamond concerts held, respectively, in Johannesburg (1 April, 2011), Durban (5 April, 2011), Port Elizabeth (8 April, 2011) and Cape Town (11 April, 2011) where, altogether, 1820 questionnaires were administered. The purpose of the first article was to determine what visitors at a major musical event regarded as critical management aspects, or as critical success factors (CSFs), for a memorable and satisfactory visitor experience. This was to aid major music event managers with information they could use to improve and ensure memorable visitor experiences in the future. A factor analysis was performed to determine the CSFs. Six factors were revealed, being General Management; Souvenirs; Marketing; Venue and Technical aspects; Accessibility and Parking; and Amenities and Catering. General Management, Venue and Technical aspects and Marketing were regarded as the most important CSFs for visitors to a major music event. It was subsequently confirmed that CSFs differed from one event to another. Thus it became clear that one set of CSFs cannot be used across each venue for events. By determining the CSFs, and through successfully managing these factors, major music events will ensure the retention of long term visitor goodwill, and so will remain competitive and sustainable. Neil Diamond presented four concerts at four different locations, The purpose of the second article was to determine the impact that location makes to the visitor experience at a major music event. Two-way frequency tables and Chi-square tests as well as ANOVAS and Turkey’s multiple comparisons were used to determine the differences between the four locations. Statistically significant differences were found, based on demographic, behavioural variables and motivational factors. Determining the effects these differences have provided major music event managers with superior knowledge in order to develop and manage future concerts at the differing destinations and locations. This research also help management to create a memorable visitor experience and so foster the promotion of future events more effectively to the target audiences, as well as potential sponsors. This specificity can also enhance bid documents for organisations and locations aiming at hosting major music events. This research revealed six critical success factors at a major music event. These CSFs can be used to enhance the visitor experience. However, it was also found that one set of CSFs cannot be used for every event as different locations regard different CSFs as being more important than others. Since major music events are often held at more than one location, it becomes critical to differentiate each location as the visitors to the various locations cannot be seen as homogeneous and so will have different needs and expectations. Thorough and informed knowledge of what is required for visitor satisfaction will not only ensure an improved event, but will enhance the visitor experience at such an event. This was the first time research was performed at major music events in South Africa that revealed the profile, motives, CSFs and spending behaviour of visitors to these events. Research not only provided information concerning the CSFs needed to manage the visitor experience at a major music event, but also provided an overall perspective of what visitors regard as important for a memorable visitor experience at four different geographic destinations hosting the same artist. This research contributes to the literature concerning the management of major music events and concerning the creation of memorable visitor experiences at these events.
Thesis (MA (Tourism Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

Nature–based tourism destinations have shown significant growth over the past decade and, with the ever increasing numbers of tourists travelling to national parks, the right management structures, goals and objectives need to be determined. South African National Parks (SANParks) manages all 22 national parks in South Africa with the Kruger National Park (KNP) being the biggest of them all and generating more than 80% of SANParks income. The KNP is one of the world’s largest parks conserving a staggering 1 962 362 ha of land which is bigger than countries such as Israel and Holland. When taking the KNP into perspective, park management must have the right management styles and factors in place to ensure that the park is managed in a sustainable manner and exceeds the expectations of the tourist to provide a memorable experience whilst visiting the KNP. The goal of this study was therefore to determine the critical management aspects or critical success factors (CSFs) needed to create a memorable visitor experience at the park. This goal was achieved by conducting a questionnaire survey at four rest camps within the KNP from 27 December 2010 to 4 January 2011. The rest camps used for the survey were: Skukuza (152 questionnaires), Berg and Dal (98 questionnaires), Lower Sabie (85 questionnaires) and Satara (101 questionnaires). During this time a total of 436 questionnaires were completed and included in further analysis. In Article 1, the key management aspects that visitors regard as important for a memorable visitor experience at the KNP were identified. These CSFs assist management in providing quality services and products for the tourist, leading to a memorable experience. A factor analysis was performed on the expectations of the tourists to national parks. There were nine CSFs identified that management can implement to ensure a memorable visitor experience. The three factors that have not yet been identified in previous research were wildlife experience, interpretation and luxuries. Other factors that have been identified were General management, Variety activities, Accommodation, Green management, Hospitality management, and Facilities. The results showed that park management needs to become aware of what the visitor sees as important factors for a memorable visitor experience and they can adapt certain aspects to improve the visitor’s experience. In Article 2, gaps within the park management were identified. These gaps were measured by taking the 62 variables and asking the tourist what their expectations were with regard to a memorable experience versus their actual/real experience at the park. A factor analysis on the expectations and the actual/real experiences was done and each of these factors was given a score. The scores of each factor were measured against one another indicating the differences and gaps in management. The twelve factors that were identified were General management, Education activities. Accommodation facilities, Green management, Information provided, Layout of the park, Wildlife, Facilities in the park, Food and Beverage management, Interpretive activities, Bookings and General services, and Outdoor activities. These twelve factors have also been grouped into three sub groups containing four factors each and either the expectations were exceeded, did not meet expectations or were neutral. The main gaps were Education, Accommodation facilities, Interpretations facilities and Wildlife. If management want to ensure a memorable visitor experience at the KNP they must not only focus on these gaps, but also strive to exceed visitors’ expectations on all levels. This research found that there are certain CSFs for managing a national park and gaps within park management that need to be addressed. These gaps or problem areas can be overcome by the implementation of a continuous evaluation process that will ensure effective and efficient management of the park. Park management can therefore improve their services and products as well as the quality thereof by knowing what the tourists see as important when visiting a national park to obtain a memorable experience that will lead to positive word of mouth, loyalty, increased revenue and sustainability of the KNP. Even though it is not a requirement of a masters’ dissertation to make a contribution, this research has made a significant contribution towards the methodology as the method applied determined the gaps in visitor experience and expectations and this has not been used before. Future research can make use of this type of method determining individuals’ expectations and experiences when visiting a national park or any other nature–based destination.
Thesis (M.Com. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
航運管理學系
106
As there are more and more people travel around the world by plane, Airlines are not only to keep their customers, but also have to develop the new market. Based on the model by Juliet Namukasa, (2013), we divided the services into three dimensions: pre-flight services, in-flight services and post-flight services. According to these three dimensions, we dedicated to find out the importance of customers feeling about the services and discuss how they affect the memorable flying experiences. The results suggest that the most important pre-flight service is ‘the efficiency of the Check-in employees’, the most important in-flight service is ‘Cabin temperature and ventilation’, and the most important post-flight service is ‘Ground services on arrival’. Besides, these three dimensions are also revealed a significant effect of memorable flying experience.

碩士
義守大學
企業管理學系
101
In Taiwan major religious sites are increasingly attracting large numbers of tourists. These sites attract people for their religious/spiritual appeal, but also to a significant degree for ordinary leisure and recreational purposes. Despite the increased number of tourists visiting religious destinations, there is a paucity of research analyzing memorable tourism experiences (MTE), and virtually none exists in the context of religious destinations in Taiwan. This study was driven by two research questions: What are the most memorable tourism experiences in a religious destination?, and what are a) the attractive, b) one-dimensional, c) must-be, d) indifferent and e) reverse quality attribute of a religious destination? The main objective of this study is to elicit the tourists’ feelings and experiences and to reveal the factors underpinning the formation of positive and negative experiences. The data were collected from nine visitors at Fo Guang Shan Buddha Memorial Center, using semi-directed interviews. The Kano Theory of Attractive Quality model served as a template for data gathering and analysis. This study suggests that religious destinations should consider focusing on creating conditions for learning, meditating and escaping from the daily routine, while guarding against becoming overly commercialized and too noisy. Despite some limitations, this study provides significant insight for managerial decision making and for continuous improvement of customer experiences at religious tourist destinations.

碩士
國立中興大學
行銷學系所
107
In recent years, the rise of the Internet and smart vehicles, everyone can often post their own messages and posts on the community platform, in this way to express their opinions and ideas. For enterprises, because of these messages behind the scene can be seen the views of consumers, so these text messages become an important decision-making basis for enterprises. How to interpret and infer these words becomes an important issue. In recent years, tourism is one of the industries that have strong demand for text analysis, because more and more people will turn their travel experience into texts published on social platforms, such as tourist blogs, and travel notes, but how to have a systematic interpretation of these words requires techniques based on text analysis. Commonly used text analysis techniques include content analysis, word exploration and sentiment analysis. The core of these techniques is to summarize and sort the words and build the fonts. Quantification, however, in the past related research, only the keyword sentences for the message content of the tourists were counted or the positive and negative emotion analysis was performed. The text was interpreted only from a single angle, and the important meaning behind the words was usually ignored. Therefore, this study will use the technique of text analysis combined with the travel experience related scale to explain the meaning behind the guest message. This study will use Sentiment Analysis, based on the Memorable Tourism Experience Scale (MTE), and integrate AFINN sentiment dictionary and unforgettable tourism experience feature keyword vocabulary to design an unforgettable tourism experience measurement facet. Through the results of the online questionnaire, verify the unforgettable travel experience. The traditional scores and the qualitative texts have a consistent result of the emotional scores after systematic analysis. That is, it is finally known that the traditional questionnaire method and the emotional analysis method are used for memorable. The analysis of the tourism experience can achieve the same effect.

碩士
靜宜大學
觀光事業學系
108
Cruise tourism has gradually stabilized its position in the tourism industry in today's tourism trends. Not only the ship's function has increased, but also the ship's facilities have increased significantly. In addition, the complementary of onshore tourism has made cruise tourism not like the luxury, high-consumption customers in the past, but from high-end consumption to the middle class, and finally to the mass. The modern cruise development model can be described as a " floating hotel." In addition to the basic needs of accommodation, meals, transportation, etc., the cruise tour combines sightseeing, shopping, gambling, onshore activities, etc., and the content of the tour is brilliant. According to a report released by CLIA in 2018, cruise passengers have grown steadily since 2009, while the growth rate of Asia in 2016-2017 is 18.48%, which means that the focus of cruise tourism has gradually shifted to Asia. How the cruise company will re-create the peak of the cruise period in Europe and the United States and how the cruise industry in Asia will gain an advantage during the growth and expansion period will be explored in this study. In addition, according to past studies, creative tourism and creative experiences have been proposed. Therefore, this study and hypothesis will make it easier for attracting consumers when cruise tourism provides creative itinerary. According to the research results, the cruise creative itinerary should include food culture experience, life education experience, natural ecological experience, and fashion experience. In addition, the research model proves that the cruise creative itinerary has a positive and significant influence on the memorable travel experience, which means that when the cruise provides a creative itinerary, the more likely the consumer is to leave an memorable travel experience.

The live music performance industry is growing tremendously in South Africa, with more and more international artists performing on our shores year after year. Competition is growing and various companies are beginning to identify this as a business opportunity to make money. However, managing live music performances is a complex task which involves managing various aspects (critical success factors) of the event in order to ensure that it is a success. Apart from this, visitors attend these performances hoping that their expectations will be exceeded and the performance is something which can be treasured and is worth remembering once everything is over. This is referred to as a memorable experience. In order to ensure a memorable visitor experience, it is essential for managers to be aware of what the visitors regard as important critical success factors. These are aspects that management can control and improve. Thus, the critical success factors should be implemented effectively in order to ensure that the event is memorable for visitors attending the live music performance. While various critical success factors are familiar to event organisers, they differ from event to event. Thus, the critical success factors of one event cannot be implemented at another with the same expectation of success. This is due to the heterogeneous groups of people who attend these events and who cannot be regarded as being the same, as each individual will have different expectations of the same event. Therefore, it is also important for the managers of live music performances to determine how the visitors to the different genre events regard the various critical success factors that are vital for a memorable experience. This is significant, as various music genres attract different attendees who each have their own expectations of a music genre and which may differ from those of visitors to other music genres. For example, the expectations for a memorable experience of individuals attending a classical live music performance will differ from individuals attending a rock or pop live music performance. In addition, it is also important for management to compare those critical success factors identified by the visitors to their own ideas of what is important for a successful event in order to identify any shortcomings. Thus, it was expedient to seek answers to the questions of what visitors to live music performances regard as important critical success factors as well as what the managers consider to be important for a memorable experience. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the critical success factors for managing a memorable visitor experience at live music performances from both the demand and supply sides. The said factors were subsequently compared in order to establish whether any shortcomings exist. This thesis comprises three articles. Firstly, the research was conducted from a demand (visitors) side. Thus, the aim of Chapter 3 was to determine what attendees at live music performances regard as being critical success factors for different music genres so as to enhance memorable visitor experiences. Surveys were conducted at various genres of live music performances which included classical music (Il Divo), R&B (Usher), rock (Sting), blues (Michael Buble), pop (Roxette) and Afrikaans music (Steve Hofmeyr). A total of 4 110 questionnaires were administered and a general profile of the visitors in terms of the different genres was compiled. A factor analysis was subsequently performed in order to determine the critical success factors for all six genres. Thereafter, an Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied in order to compare the critical success factors of the various genres with one another. The results indicated significant statistical differences amongst the different music genres with regard to that which the visitors to the different live music performances regard as being important for a memorable visitor experience. Secondly, the research was conducted from a supply (managers) side and the objective of Chapter 4 was to determine what the managers consider to be important critical success factors in ensuring a memorable visitor experience at a live music performance. A qualitative research method, by means of interviews, was used to obtain the relevant information from the selected participants. All the data collected in the process were transcribed into text and presented in a narrative form. The six step method formulated by Cresswell (2009:185-189) for data analysis and interpretation was used to analyse the data. Four major themes emerged from the analysis where each theme was differentiated in terms of various categories and subcategories. This process contributed greatly towards gaining detailed information regarding the main purpose of organising a live music performance; identifying the aspects that managers consider to be important when organising a live music performance and those aspects that are important in pre-, during- and post-event planning phases as well as how managers define a memorable experience. Lastly, in Chapter 5 a comparison was performed between the demand and supply sides of live music performances in order to establish whether any differences exist amongst the aspects that management consider to be important compared to the critical success factors that the visitors regard as being important to achieve a memorable visitor experience. Both qualitative (supply side) and quantitative (demand side) research methods were implemented in this research. The results of the critical success factors drawn from the first and second articles were used to conduct this research. The results of both the demand and supply sides were subsequently compared with one another where significant differences had been identified. This was the first time that research was conducted from both the demand and supply sides within the live music performance environment. The results of this research contribute greatly to literature and to the music industry. In addition, this was also the first time that both a qualitative and a quantitative research method were applied in research conducted at live music performances and which were subsequently compared with one another. Determining the differences between the critical success factors identified contributes towards event specific education and information for current as well as future live music performance managers. Therefore, results of this research can be employed to educate and inform current and future managers in the live music performance industry regarding important aspects relating to the enhancement of the important critical success factors that contribute to a memorable experience when individuals attend a live music performance.
PhD (Tourism Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

In this dissertation, I present a narrative curriculum inquiry that grew out of a personal teaching experience in an independent Durban school in 2001. A grade seven creative writing project in English turned out to be an experience that was emotionally as well as intellectually intriguing to me. After carrying out the teaching work of my grade seven Teen Stories project, I was left with a strong desire to know what it was about this particular experience that was so important to me. The focus of my research, therefore, became my personal curriculum experience in the context of the Teen Stories creative writing project. In the course of this thesis, I describe how my desire to come to a deeper understanding of my curriculum experience led me to search within my life story to discover fruitful truths about myself as a teacher and a researcher. I illustrate my research journey from the fieldwork in the classroom through to the construction of my narrative research text. Drawing on the conceptual work of scholars such as Dewey (1916; 1934; 1963), Denzin (1989), Clandinin and Connelly (2000), and Conle (1999; 2000), I endeavour to share, make sense of and theorise my personal story of a significant curriculum experience. The study moves outwards from my personal experience to a conceptualisation that I believe has the potential to contribute to the development of new modes of curriculum practice for me and other members of my South African teaching community.
Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of Natal, 2003.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
森林環境暨資源學研究所
103
Recently memorable tourism experience (MTE) becomes an emerging topic because MTE is considered one of essential factors that affect tourism loyalty. With plenty of natural resources in Taiwan, natural-based recreation becomes an option for modern people to escape from daily stress. The goal of present study is to understand the motivation of forest recreation tourist and their MTE at Xitou Nature Education Area. Additionally, this study has examined the relationships between tourist motivation, memorable tourism experience（MTE）, tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty. The effect of demographic attributes upon MTE is also discussed. The questionnaires have been distributed at Xitou Nature Education Area and the valid sample is 426. According to the analysis, findings are as below: 1. For tourism motivation, the main push motivation is “escaping from everyday routine”, followed by “appreciating natural resources and health.” Regarding to pull motivation, “key tourist resources” is the main reason why tourist visiting Xitou. 2. Regarding to experience in Xitou, tourists perceive “refresh” most among seven MTE domains, followed by “involvement”, while “local culture” is the least perception of tourists. Findings further reveal that tourists with different gender, occupation, income, marital status, residence and visited times have showed significant differences in their level of MTE. 3. In terms of satisfaction of attribute of Xitou, tourists were most satisfied “natural environment”, followed by “social environment”, while “facilities” is the most unsatisfied one. Regarding to overall satisfaction, tourists are “satisfied” in their Xitou experience. Tourists intend to revisit and recommend to friends mostly. 4. From Pearson’s correlation analysis, results have showed that MTE significantly correlated with tourism motivation and overall satisfaction. Push and pull motivation both had a significant effect on overall satisfaction. Two of the attribute satisfactions, “natural environment” and “social environment” are significantly influenced by push motivation, while pull motivation significantly affected all domains of attribute satisfaction. Additionally, destination loyalty is affected by MTE and tourism satisfaction.