Rozprawy doktorskie: „Membership”

1

Einarsson, Torbjörn. "Membership and Organizational Governance". Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Institutionen för Företagande och Ledning, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-1854.

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Membership-based organizations perform many functions in society. Federatively organized trade unions, sports organizations, religious congregations and other voluntary or nonprofit organizations are often large, multi-level associations. In addition to performing important services these organizations are ascribed a central role in society’s governance. They are expected to enhance the voice of the citizens and to function as schools of democracy. Based on a sample of membership organizations in Sweden – among them the Red Cross, the Social-Democratic Workers’ Party and the Swedish Football Federation – this study sets out to analyze the internal governance system in this type of organizations. Basic theoretical models of human behavior – including how and why individuals choose to get involved – and of governance of organizations are elaborated in order to adapt them to a reality which is more complex than has been previously understood. A model of factors which affect involvement in governance is presented and the analysis shows that a model of membership consisting of a bundle of dimensions is useful for creating new insight into members’ participation. The results suggest that participation is complex and depends on many factors. One interesting result is that a majority of the members place an emphasis on the formal possibilities for influence in the organization. Yet, only a minority of the members actually takes part in the formal governance system, although most members seem prepared to act if they would be disappointed enough. Torbjörn Einarsson has conducted his PhD work at the Stockholm School of Economics (SSE) and is today a researcher at Stockholm Center for Civil Society Studies at the SSE Institute for Research.

Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2012.

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Bland, James C. "From membership to fellowship". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2986/tren.036-0016.

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Isaacson, William I. "Membership with meaning developing an active, supportive, concise membership in a new church /". Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 1999. http://www.tren.com.

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Beaudry, Martin. "Membership testing in transformation monoids". Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75773.

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Given a finite set X of states, a finite set of transformations of X (generators), and another transformation f of X, we analyze the complexity of the membership problem, which consists in deciding whether f can be obtained by composition of the generators. This problem is studied for various classes (pseudovarieties) of monoids. It is shown that the complexity is NP-hard for monoids of threshold 2 or more, and NP-complete in commutative, J- and R-trivial monoids. For idempotent monoids (aperiodic of threshold one), the problem is NP-complete in the general case; subcases are analyzed, and a largest class of aperiodic monoids is identified for which the problem is in FL, as well as a largest class for which the problem is not NP-hard.
The problem which consists in characterizing an idempotent monoid is also addressed: given a set of transformations, it can be decided in NC$ sp2$ whether the monoid they generate is idempotent. Similar tests are given for three subclasses of idempotent monoids: R$ sb1$, L$ sb1$, and N$ sb3$; in all three cases, the complexity is NC$ sp1$.
A sequential upper bound is also given for each of the parallel complexities given above.

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Woodhead, David A. "Nonmonotonic inheritance of class membership". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.290251.

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This thesis describes a formal analysis of nonmonotonic inheritance. The need for such an understanding of inheritance has been apparent from the time that multiple inheritance and exceptions were mixed in the same representation with the result that the meaning of an inheritance network was no longer clear. Many attempts to deal with the problems associated with nonmonotonic multiple inheritance appeared in the literature but, probably due to the lack of clear semantics there was no general agreement on how many of the standard examples should be handled. This thesis attempts to resolve these problems by presenting a framework for a family of path based inheritance reasoners which allows the consequences of design decisions to be explored. Many of the major theorems are therefore proved without the need to make any commitment as to how conflicts between nonmonotonic chains of reasoning are to be resolved. In particular it is shown that consistent sets of conclusions, known as expansions, exist for a wide class of networks. When commitment is made to a method of choosing between conflicting arguments, particular inheritance systems are produced. The systems described in this thesis can be divided into three classes. The simplest of these, in which an arbitrary choice is made between conflicting arguments, is shown to be very closely related to default logic. The other classes each of which contain four systems, are the decoupled and coupled inheritance systems which use specificity as a guide to choosing between conflicting arguments. In a decoupled system the results relating to a particular node are not affected in any way by derived results concerning other nodes in the inheritance network, whereas in a coupled system decisions in the face of ambiguity are linked to produce expansions which are more intuitively acceptable as a consistent view of the world. A number of results concerning the relationship between these systems are given. In particular it is shown that the process of coupling will not affect the results which lie in the intersection of the expansions produced for a given network.

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Dimitrova, Daniela Gr. "The Bulgarian quest for NATO membership". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA390071.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, March 2001.
Thesis advisor(s): Abenheim, Donald. "March 2001." Includes bibliographical references (p. 68). Also Available online.

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Alleyne, Emma Kirsten Abiodun. "Gang membership : Behavioural, social psychological characteristics". Thesis, University of Kent, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529413.

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Costi, Elliot Mark. "Constructive membership testing in classical groups". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2009. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/28509.

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Let G be a perfect classical group defined over a finite field F and generated by a set of standard generators X. Let E be the image of an absolutely irreducible representation of G by matrices over a field of the natural characteristic. Given the image of X in E, we present algorithms that write an arbitrary element of E as a straight-line programme in this image of X in E. The algorithms run in polynomial time.

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Ekici, Siddik. "Needs and Membership in Terrorist Organizations". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12070/.

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One key to reducing terrorism may be to understand why individuals join terror groups, and to find ways to meet their needs through alternatives to discourage membership in terrorist organizations. The study introduces the hierarchy of needs framework to capture all previous pieces of explanations on why individuals join terror groups under one big umbrella, in order to see the big picture. It does not do a meta-analysis, but rather tests the framework. This study is designed to find out what perceived needs commonly motivate individuals to join terror groups in general and specific terror groups in particular. The research uses Turkey's terrorism experience as a case study which is supported with data from real terrorist in Turkey. Findings of the descriptive analyses show that majority joined a terror group due to social and affiliative needs. The remaining analyses (bivariate, cross-tabulation and binary logistic regression) show that confitents who perceived esteem and recognition were more likely to become members of other/leftist terror groups, and that rightist terror group members in Turkey tend to have higher education. Education mainly affects a confitent's perception of two needs: social and affiliation and self-actualization. Other demographic variables (age group, region of birth, marital status) die not yield any significant relation with membership in terror groups.

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10

Ndione, Antoine Mbaye. "Approximate membership for words and trees". Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10020/document.

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L’objectif de cette thèse est d’obtenir des algorithmes sous linéaire permettant de répondre à des problèmes de décision dans les bases de données XML. Plus précisément, on s’inspire du property testing, pour décider approximativement si un arbre d’arité non bornée est valide par rapport à une DTD ; ou plus généralement si un tel arbre est reconnu par un automate d’arbre.Nous avons d’abord étudié le cas simple des mots, c’est-à-dire l’appartenance approchée d’un mot à un langage régulier défini par un automate non-déterministe. Sous la distance d’édition entres les mots, nous proposons un algorithme (ou tester) résolvant l’appartenance approchée en un temps polynomial : en la taille de l’automate aussi bien qu’en la précision (où le paramètre d’erreur). Nous avons aussi amélioré le précédent algorithme d’Alon, Krivelevich, Newman, et Szegedy, (2000) pour l’approximation de l’appartenance à un langage régulier modulo la distance de Hamming. Notre amélioration consiste à rendre cet algorithme polynomial en la taille de l’automate non-déterministe. Ensuite nous avons considéré l’appartenance approchée d’un arbre à un automate d’arbre sous la distance d’édition standard. Notre algorithme résout ce problème avec une complexité en temps exponentielle en la hauteur de l’arbre. Enfin nous avons considéré la validation approchée de DTD par rapport à la « strong edit distance » ; et nous obtenons dans ce cas un algorithme polynomial en la hauteur de l’arbre. Nous complétons nos résultats en prouvant une borne inférieure linéaire en la taille de l’arbre, pour la complexité de tout algorithme décidant l’appartenance approchée d’un arbre à une DTD, sous la strong edit distance
Inspired by property testing, our objective is to obtain sublinear algorithms for deciding properties of XML databases approximatively. More precisely, we investigate the properties of whether an unranked tree is valid for a DTD, or more generally, whether it is recognized by a tree automaton. We start our studies by the simpler case of words and we considered the approximate membership problem for word non-deterministic automata. For this problem, we provide an eﬃcient tester that runs in polynomial time in the size of the input automata and the error precision. We also improve the previous [Alon, Krivelevich, Newman, and Szegedy, 2000b] approximate membership tester for regular languages modulo the Hamming distance, so that it runs in polynomial time in the size of the input automata. Secondly, we study approximate membership testing for tree automata modulo the standard edit distance, and obtain a tester with run time exponential in the input tree depth. Next we consider approximate DTD validity modulo the strong edit distance. We then provide a tester that depends polynomially on the height of the tree. Finally, modulo the strong edit distance, we prove a linear lower bound on the depth of the input tree

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11

Young, Derek W. "Analyzing Ukraine's prospects for NATO membership". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Dec/08Dec%5FYoung.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Europe and Eurasia))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008.
Thesis Advisor(s): Yost, David S. "December 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on February 5, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-97). Also available in print.

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12

Ekici, Siddik McEntire David A. "Needs and membership in terrorist organizations". [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12070.

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13

Laws, Edward. "Democracy, self-determination and political membership". Thesis, University of York, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1061/.

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My key question is whether the collective right to self-determination justifies a right on the part of liberal democracies to exclude outsiders from entering and settling within their territorial jurisdiction, from accessing citizenship or from participating in the formulation of their ‘internal’ decisions or policies. I approach the research through critically analysing six different accounts of the practice and value of democratic self-determination, which can be categorised as: liberal nationalist, identity liberal, liberal communitarian, multicultural/republican, cosmopolitan/discourse theory and agonistic. I argue that although democracy does not and cannot logically call for the extension of participatory membership to all those affected or coerced by the decisions of a state, self-determination is compatible with porous boundaries demarcating social membership and citizenship. The position I advance recognises the importance of clearly demarcated jurisdictional boundaries for facilitating democratic self-determination, but holds that the existence of those borders, and the value and practice of self-determination, which they protect, are compatible with open access to social membership and citizenship. In contrast to what has become a prevalent line of thinking with regard to the politics of membership in liberal-democracies, I argue that the value of free movement championed by liberalism is compatible with the value of self-determination championed by democrats. If valid, the upshot of my argument is that liberal-democrats should support the right to self-determination as non-interference for distinct political communities, but not the self-determination of their social membership and citizenship policies.

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14

DENNIS, STEPHEN RICHARD. "VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATION MEMBERSHIP OF OUTDOOR RECREATIONISTS". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184018.

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Social researchers have independently investigated behaviors in voluntary association membership and participation in outdoor recreation activities. A small amount of scholarly work has theorized a link between activity in voluntary associations and recreation behavior. These studies have concentrated on the associational affiliations of outdoor recreationists, and their concern for the environment. The purpose of this study was to determine if differences exist between outdoor recreationists who are members of environmental/outdoor recreation voluntary associations, and those who are nonmembers. Organizational membership was designated as the dependent variable. Independent variables were designed to assess (1) incentives for voluntary association membership, (2) motivations for participation in outdoor recreation activities, (3) environmental concern, and (4) social class. A random sample of outdoor recreationists was drawn from the California membership of a large recreational equipment cooperative (R.E.I. Co-op). Data were collected by mail survey. Of the 1500 questionnaires sent, thirty-four were undeliverable, and 1085 were returned for a response rate of 74.0 percent. The sample reflected a substantially higher organizational membership level than the general population with a forty percent membership rate. Members were differentiated from nonmembers by significantly higher ratings on (1) instrumental incentives (public goods) for membership in voluntary associations, (2) intellectual motivations for participation in outdoor recreation, (3) environmental concern, and (4) age and education level. A discriminant function analysis identified instrumental incentives as the most powerful predictor of organizational membership. Results indicated public goods are a primary incentive for outdoor recreationists to join voluntary associations. This suggests a need to re-define instrumental benefits in light of the personal values associated with them. A common thread of intellectual pursuit distinguished members from nonmembers. Intellectual motivations for outdoor recreation, education level, age and environmental concern provided evidence that members are somewhat more oriented toward intellectual development, suggesting that environmental and outdoor recreation-related voluntary associations might benefit from focusing on the educational benefits of membership, and directing promotional communications through channels used by outdoor recreationists. Given the findings of a strong relationship between outdoor recreation and voluntary association membership, further scholarly work should concentrate on the instrumental and intellectual benefits of both behaviors to promote understanding of their synergy.

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15

Hatcher, Nina W. "Retention Strategies of Labor Union Membership". ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3778.

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Labor union membership decline spans more than 4 decades since 1954. In 2012, union membership decreased from 14.1% to 11.3%, which is the lowest since the post-Second World War Era. Union membership decline leads to the inability of some union leaders to retain union members, resulting in a loss of profitability. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore strategies union leaders use in improving membership retention. Twenty union, former union, and nonunion participants from governmental and industrial firms of Jefferson County, Alabama participated in the study offering their lived experiences in industries with active union environments. In this study's conceptual framework, 3 models were used, consisting of demographic factors of union and non-union members, recruitment factors, and collective bargaining factors to explore the issues that affect membership recruitment and retention. Participants engaged in semi-structured, face-to-face interviews. Interview data were collected, transcribed, and inductively coded, revealing emergent trends that membership sizes influenced the number of people joining unions, and that poor union representation adversely affected union decline. These findings could improve the relationship between union representation and union members, thereby affecting positive social change by improving employee attitudes and social values regarding unions.

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ABDALLA, TALAL ALMUTAZ ALMANSI. "Recursive Algorithms for Set-Membership Estimation". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11583/2972788.

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Lee, Weymann S. "A church membership manual for establishing initial membership in the Asian American Alliance Church in Bellevue, Washington". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.

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Gjøsteen, Kristian. "Subgroup membership problems and public key cryptosystems". Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Information Technology, Mathematics and Electrical Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-128.

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Public key encryption was first proposed by Diffie and Hellman [16], and widely popularised with the RSA cryptosystem [37]. Over the years, the security goals of public key encryption have been studied [17, 22], as have adversary models [30, 36], and many public key cryptosystems have been proposed and analysed.

It turns out that the security of many of those cryptosystems [16, 18, 22, 29, 34, 35] are based on a common class of mathematical problems, called subgroup membership problems. Cramer and Shoup [10] designed a chosen-ciphertextsecure cryptosystem based on a general subgroup membership problem (generalising their previous work [9]), and provided two new instances. Yamamura and Saito [41] defined a general subgroup membership problem, catalogued several known subgroup membership problems, and designed a private information retrieval system based on a subgroup membership problem. Nieto, Boyd and Dawson [31] designed a cryptosystem based on essentially a symmetric subgroup membership problem (see Section 4.4 and Section 6.1).

Chapter 2 and 3 contain certain preliminary discussions necessary for the later work. In Chapter 4, we discuss subgroup membership problems, both abstractly and concrete families. For all of the concrete examples, there is a related problem called the splitting problem. We discuss various elementary reductions, both abstract and for concrete families. In cryptographic applications, a third related problem, called the subgroup discrete logarithm problem, is also interesting, and we discuss this in some detail. We also discuss a variant of the subgroup membership problem where there are two subgroups that are simultaneously hard to distinguish. We prove a useful reduction (Theorem 4.11) for this case. The technique used in the proof is reused throughout the thesis.

In Chapter 5, we discuss two homomorphic cryptosystems, based on trapdoor splitting problems. This gives us a uniform description of a number of homomorphic cryptosystems, and allows us to apply the theory and results of Chapter 4 to the security of those cryptosystems.

Using the technique of Theorem 4.11, we develop a homomorphic cryptosystem that is not based on a trapdoor problem. This gives us a fairly efficient cryptosystem, with potentially useful properties.

We also discuss the security of a homomorphic cryptosystem under a nonstandard assumption. While these results are very weak, they are stronger than results obtained in the generic model.

In Chapter 6, we develop two key encapsulation methods. The first can be proven secure against passive attacks, using the same technique as in the proof of Theorem 4.11. The second method can be proven secure against active attacks in the random oracle model, but to do this, we need a certain non-standard assumption.

Finally, in Chapter 7 we discuss a small extension to the framework developed by Cramer and Shoup [10], again by essentially reusing the technique used to prove Theorem 4.11. This gives us a cryptosystem that is secure against chosen ciphertext attacks, without recourse to the random oracle model or nonstandard assumptions. The cryptosystem is quite practical, and performs quite well compared to other variants of the Cramer-Shoup cryptosystem.

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19

Frantti, T. (Tapio). "Timing of fuzzy membership functions from data". Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2001. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514264355.

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Abstract In this dissertation the generation and tuning of fuzzy membership function parameters are considered as a part of the fuzzy model development process. The automatic generation and tuning of fuzzy membership function parameters are needed for the fast adaptation and tuning of fuzzy models of various nonlinear dynamical systems. The developed methods are especially useful in automatic fuzzy membership function generation and tuning when dynamic of application area is fast enough to exclude manual tuning. The fuzzy model development process and development methods, modelling environment and nature of application area as well as algorithm development parameters are extensively discussed, because each of them sets their own restrictions on the design parts and parameters used in the modelling. The developed methods have been applied in different kinds of applications (in forecasting the demand of signal transmission products, power control and code tracking of cellular phone system, fuzzy reasoning in radio resource functions of cellular phone systems), where other approaches are either very difficult or too time consuming to implement. The professional areas of the thesis are fuzzy modelling and control in telecommunications.

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20

Benton, Kelvin L. "The Gideons International their mission and membership /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1986. http://www.tren.com.

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McLendon, Eric Blake. "Slave missions and membership in North Alabama". Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Theses/MCLENDON_ERIC_1.pdf.

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Mudaliar, Vinodkumar Sekar. "Verification of FlexRay membership protocol using UPPAAL". Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/914.

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Ferragina, Emanuele. "Membership Unlimited. Social Capital across European Regions". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533796.

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Albertin, Giorgia. "Membership, enlargement and deepening of regional integration". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2006. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1870/.

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This thesis contributes in several ways to the theoretical literature that studies regionalism. First, this thesis investigates whether there are incentives for a regional trading bloc to enlarge through further extensions of its membership, or to reject new membership requests. Chapter 2 develops a theoretical model where the incentives for a regional trading bloc to enlarge and for third countries to join are formalised, and the enlargement of the bloc is endogenously determined by the interaction between supply of, and demand for membership. Furthermore, this analytical set-up is used to assess how deeper integration among the members of a regional trading bloc affects the equilibrium size of the bloc. Second, this thesis studies the incentives for a country to enter a regional trade agreement when a multilateral free trade agreement is available, and the implications of the choice of regionalism for the incentives to pursue subsequent multilateral trade liberalisation. Chapter 3 provides a theoretical model that formalises a country's choice between entering a regional trade agreement or a multilateral free trade agreement, depicted as alternative trade policy options. Also this analytical framework is used to assess how a country's choice to enter the regional trade agreement affects its incentives to liberalise trade multilaterally. Third, this thesis studies the trade effects of deeper integration among the members of a regional trading bloc, and the impact of economic dissimilarities on the identified trade effects. Chapter 4 develops a general equilibrium model which formalises the trade effects of the formation of a currency union among the members of a regional trading bloc, and of the subsequent enlargement of the currency union to include an economically dissimilar country. Furthermore, this analytical framework is used to assess how economic dissimilarities between the members of the currency union and the accession country affect the magnitude of the trade effects that would follow the enlargement.

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Santos, Patrick John. "Facial Expression Cloning with Fuzzy Membership Functions". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26260.

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This thesis describes the development and experimental results of a system to explore cloning of facial expressions between dissimilar face models, so new faces can be animated using the animations from existing faces. The system described in this thesis uses fuzzy membership functions and subtractive clustering to represent faces and expressions in an intermediate space. This intermediate space allows expressions for face models with different resolutions to be compared. The algorithm is trained for each pair of faces using particle swarm optimization, which selects appropriate weights and radii to construct the intermediate space. These techniques allow the described system to be more flexible than previous systems, since it does not require prior knowledge of the underlying implementation of the face models to function.

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Meckled-Garcia, Saladin. "Membership, obligation and legitimacy : an expressivist account". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287995.

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Bennie, Lynn G. "Membership dynamics of the Scottish Green Party". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364565.

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Parnell, Todd C. 1977. "Anonymous authentication of membership in dynamic groups". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77768.

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Thesis (S.B. and M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 34-36).
by Todd C. Parnell.
S.B.and M.Eng.

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Silva, Pedro Miguel Siopa da. "Geodupa - a geography-driven partial membership algorithm". Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6819.

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Trabalho apresentado no âmbito do Mestrado em Engenharia Informática, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática
The popularity boost of mobile devices, as well as their technological advances, are fostering the development of new application paradigms. One of which, designated as Participatory Sensing, is embedded with a strong community philosophy, in the sense that it relies in users sharing and contributing with data. By gathering, processing and sharing contextual data, new and interesting applications are possible, such as the monitoring of vehicle traffic or road conservation. To enable these applications, it is important to have an underlying communication infrastructure that allows users to exchange information efficiently. Users of Participatory Sensing applications deal, most frequently, with information related to their close physical surroundings. Based on this premise, this dissertation presents a decentralized membership substrate that restrains node visibility to geographical neighborhoods as a way to improve communication performance. To that end, the proposed algorithm divides the user network into two hierarchical levels. The higher-level is managed by an existing one-hop DHT and its participants are organized to exploit the partitioning of the physical space. The lower-level is composed by the groups of nodes associated to each region. An experimental evaluation has revealed that it is capable of achieving lower communication costs when compared to a full-membership solution.

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30

Jodén, Henrik. "Emotional Energy and Group Membership on Twitch.tv". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414195.

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With the rise of the commercial gaming industry the phenomenon of watching others play has become more and more common. One platform that has made this accessible is Twitch.tv. This paper investigates the interaction taking place on Twitch between streamers and viewers from the perspective of interaction ritual theory (IR theory). Previous research on Twitch has investigated this interaction but none has so far done this from the perspective of IR theory. IR theory has been criticized by previous research as it states that interaction has to take place face to face in order for the ritual to be successful. This paper adds to the discussion on the applicability of IR theory to none-face to face interaction. The research question was; how is emotional energy and the feeling of group membership created in interaction on Twitch? The results show that emotional energy and a sense of group membership is created through the combined efforts of the streamer and viewers. The key points of the results are how the streamer as ritual leader charges symbolic objects with emotional energy to get different reactions from the viewers. The viewers power to create inside jokes as symbolic objects which define group membership and how the occurrence of raids and hype trains act as spikes of emotional energy.

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31

ODonnell, Ryan Ford. "MEMBERSHIP RECRUITMENT IN THE PRIVATE CLUB INDUSTRY". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1333740514.

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32

Kennedy, Kirby Kenneth. "Leading new believers into responsible church membership". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1993. http://www.tren.com.

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Penick, Jalandra Michelle. "Finances, Social Capital, and College Organizational Membership". TopSCHOLAR®, 2009. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/80.

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34

Fischer, Benjamin. "Vehicular Group Membership Resilient to Malicious Attacks". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Programvara och system, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158086.

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There is a range of tools and techniques in the realm of information security that can be used to enhance the security of a distributed network protocol and some of them introduce new problems. A security analysis of the distributed network protocol SLMP is made and three vulnerabilities are identified; messages can be intercepted and tampered with, nodes can fake id, and leader nodes can do a lot of harm if they are malicious. Three versions of SLMP that aims to remedy these vulnerabilities are implemented and the results show that while they remedy the vulnerabilities some of them introduce new problems.

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Gonzalez, Dominquez Jose Fabian. "Gang membership, drug sales, violence, and guns". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3358.

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The purpose of this study is to examine three factors relating to drug arrests using secondary data analysis. First, ethnic characteristics of a dealer were analyzed according to the location from where they sold their product. Next, possible factors associated with a police officer using force at the time of a drug arrest were also analyzed. Finally, factors associated with a gun being present at the time of a drug arrest were also analyzed.

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36

Bohn, Derrick. "Coming to the table a new model for local church membership /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2008. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p002-0841.

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Monaghan, Peter. "Professional group membership and perceptions of organizational communication /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18176.pdf.

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Patrucic, Danijel. "Does EU and/or EMU Membership Affect Growth?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-60859.

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Eagan-Van, Meter Patrick. "Strategic Significance: A Model of G-20 Membership". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/104.

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The membership of the Group of 20 was selected without any official criteria. This paper investigates whether group membership can be explained through the consideration of several different factors that coincide with the mission of the organization. I found strong evidence that membership in the Group of 20 was based on some combination of land mass and economic output. The results demonstrate that these factors are highly predictive of group membership.

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40

Borie, Richard Bryan. "Recursively constructed graph families : membership and linear algorithms". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8140.

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Summers, Nakia J. "Georgia's quest for NATO membership: challenges and prospects". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/4975.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Georgia has a resume of achievements in its relations with NATO since 1992. However, at the 2008 Bucharest Summit, the NATO Allies chose not to offer Georgia a Membership Action Plan. At the 2009 Strasbourg-Kehl Summit, the NATO Allies again chose not to offer Georgia such a plan. This thesis examines Georgia's prospects for NATO membership. It investigates the hypothesis that Georgia's membership aspirations are affected by two sets of variables -- internal and external. The two key internal variables that affect Georgia's prospects for membership are Tbilisi's progress on reforms and the unresolved conflicts with the separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The NATO Allies will continue to evaluate Georgia on its efforts to democratize, develop a market economy, and create a professional military that contributes to Euro-Atlantic security. Georgia notes that the separatist regions are within its internationally recognized borders, but neither region desires to be reconciled with the government in Tbilisi. The primary external variable remains Russia's policy toward Georgia. Russia is opposed to Georgia joining NATO and has since the August 2008 Georgia-Russia war recognized the separatist regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia as independent states.

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42

Raghuram, Devalla. "Design and implementation of a group membership protocol". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23625.

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Andrew, Robert B. "The implications of Russian Federation membership in NATO". Thesis, Monterey, California, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5631.

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Due to the recent creation of the new NATO-Russia Council on May 28, 2002, driven by the alliance in the war against terrorism spurred by the September 11, 2001 attacks, it is necessary to explore the implications of possible Russian membership in NATO. Although the creation of this new institution does not indicate the immediate entry or pursuit of a "Membership Action Plan" by Russia into NATO, it does signal the end of nearly a half-century of confrontation between NATO and Russia. It also symbolizes the entrance of a new era of security cooperation, post-Cold War but also post- September 11. The long-term stability and security of North America, Europe, and Russia remain unresolved. To date, the best and most successful security institution in Europe has been NATO. If not today, then sometime in the near future Russian membership in NATO must be addressed. If Russia were to join, then these implications could be a planning guide to ease the entry of Russia into NATO.

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Le, Vu tuan hieu. "Robust predictive control by zonotopic set-membership estimation". Thesis, Supélec, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012SUPL0016/document.

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L’objectif de cette thèse est d’apporter des réponses à deux problèmes importants dans le domaine de l’automatique : l'estimation d'état et la commande prédictive robuste sous contraintes pour des systèmes incertains, en se basant sur des méthodes ensemblistes, plus précisément liées aux ensembles zonotopiques. Les incertitudes agissant sur le système sont modélisées de façon déterministe, elles sont donc inconnues mais bornées par des ensembles connus.Dans ce contexte, la première partie de la thèse développe une méthode d’estimation afin d’élaborer à chaque instant un ensemble zonotopique contenant l’état du système malgré la présence de perturbations, de bruits de mesure et d’incertitudes paramétriques définies par intervalle. Cette méthode est fondée sur la minimisation du P-rayon d’un zonotope, critère original permettant de caractériser la taille de l’ensemble zonotopique et réalisant un bon compromis entre la complexité et la précision de l’estimation. Cette approche est tout d’abord développée pour les systèmes mono-sortie, puis étendue au cas des systèmes multi-sorties, dans un premier temps par des extensions directes de la solution mono-sortie (le système multi-sorties est considéré comme plusieurs systèmes mono-sortie). Une autre solution est ensuite proposée, qui conduit à résoudre un problème d’optimisation de type Inégalités Matricielles Polynomiales en utilisant une méthode de relaxation. Les approches précédentes n’étant que des extensions de la solution à une seule sortie, et malgré leurs bons résultats obtenus en simulation, une démarche originale, dédiée aux systèmes multi-sorties, fondée sur l’intersection entre un polytope et un zonotope, est finalement développée et validée.La deuxième partie de la thèse aborde la problématique de la commande robuste par retour de sortie pour des systèmes incertains. La commande prédictive est retenue du fait de son utilisation dans de nombreux domaines, de sa facilité de mise en œuvre et de sa capacité à traiter des contraintes. Parmi les démarches issues de la littérature, l’implantation de techniques robustes fondées sur des tubes de trajectoire est développée plus spécifiquement. Le recours à un observateur ensembliste à base de zonotopes permet d’améliorer la qualité de l’estimation, ainsi que la performance de la commande, dans le cas de systèmes soumis à des perturbations et des bruits de mesure inconnus, mais bornés.Dans une dernière partie, cette combinaison de l’estimation ensembliste et de la commande prédictive robuste est testée en simulation sur un système de suspension magnétique. Les résultats de simulation traduisent un comportement tout à fait satisfaisant validant les structures théoriques élaborées
The aim of this thesis is answering to two significant problems in the field of automatic control: the state estimation and the robust model predictive control for uncertain systems in the presence of input and state constraints, based on the set-membership approach, more precisely related to zonotopic sets. Uncertainties acting on the system are modeled via the deterministic approach, and thus they are unknown but bounded by a known set.In this context, the first part of the thesis proposes an estimation method to compute a zonotope containing the real states of the system, which are consistent with the disturbances, the measurement noise and the interval parametric uncertainties. This method is based on the minimization of the P-radius of a zonotope, which is an original criterion to characterize the size of the zonotope, in order to obtain a good trade-off between the complexity and the precision of the estimation. This approach is first developed for single-output systems, and then extended to the case of multi-output systems. The first solution for multi-output systems is a direct extension of the solution for single-output systems (the multi-output system being considered as several single-output systems). Another solution is then proposed, leading to solve a Polynomial Matrix Inequality optimization problem using a relaxation technique. Due to the fact that the previous approaches are just extensions of the solution for a single-output system, and despite their good performance results obtained in simulation, a novel approach dedicated to multi-output systems based on the intersection of a polytope and a zonotope is finally developed and validated.The second part of the thesis deals with the problem of robust output feedback control for uncertain systems. Model predictive control is chosen due to its use in many areas, its ability to deal with constraints and uncertainties. Among the approaches from the literature, the implementation of robust predictive techniques based on tubes of trajectories is developed. The use of a zonotopic set-membership estimation improves the quality of the estimation, as well as the performance of the control, for systems subject to unknown, but bounded disturbances and measurement noise.In the last part, the combination of zonotopic set-membership estimation and robust model predictive control is tested in simulation on a magnetic levitation system. The simulation results reflect a satisfactory behavior validating the developed theoretical techniques

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45

Wall, Elizabeth Anna. "NATO and EU Enlargement: Flawed Road to Membership". Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104428.

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Thesis advisor: Jennifer Erickson
This thesis examines institutional enlargement for both the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU). Both organizations added new members to their ranks during the Cold War and in the post-Cold War era. During the Cold War, NATO and the European Community (EC) had informal membership criteria, but once the Cold War ended, the two institutions implemented explicit membership requirements. The research question centers on whether both institutions admitted new members that did not satisfy some of the membership criteria. I find that the two organizations both admitted new states that only partially complied with the criteria. In this thesis, I analyze why NATO and the EU added new member states even when these states' membership applications were incomplete
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: College Honors Program
Discipline: Political Science

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46

Van, Wyk Brian Eduard. "Constructions of gang membership among high school youth". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52172.

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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The problem of gangsterism in the Western Cape is taking on huge proportions especially among high school youth. Previous studies found that the initial expectations of gang members and their actual experience of gang membership differed. An ethnographic study was done with high school pupils from a semi-urban setting in the Western Cape who were gang members to find out how they constructed meaning out of their membership to the gangs. Transcripts of unstructured interviews with five participants were analysed using Strauss and Corbin's method of Grounded Theo . The analysis - showed that the pupils from this setting predominantly joined the gangs because they were exposed to the gang members, who operated in the same streets that they live in, and as a result received much more positive information about the gang from their friends. They chose to remain committed to the gang because the gang members were perceived as being very supportive, providing for them financially, emotionally (by giving them acceptance) and physically (protecting them). The study found tha COnfl~!).,as a major part of the gang life or culture. Members could not escape the violent gang activities, despite all their attempts to make peace. The gang culture which resembled that of the prison gang c~, was perpetuated and sustained by the persistent group dynamics and processes that imposed social roles and expectations on members. The members became more deviant in behaviour out of loyalty to the gang. Contrary to current beliefs on the causes of gangsterism, the present study found that social control and feelings of relative deprivation had no conscious influence on the participants' decision to become gang members. The research suggests that future gang intervention should seek to develop programs around providing alternative modes of support to youth at risk.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die bendevraagstuk in die Westelike Kaap neem groot afmetings aan onder die jeug van verskeie plaaslike hoerskole. Vorige studies het getoon dat die aanvanklike verwagtinge van die jeug en hulle werklike ervaring van bendelidmaatskap verskil het. 'n Etnografiese ondersoek is geloods waarin hoerskoolleerlinge uit 'n semi-stedelike gebied van die Westelike Kaap betrek is om die betekenis van bendelidmaatskap te konstrueer. Die ongestruktureerde onderhoude met vyf deelnemers is aan die hand van Strauss en Corbin se metode van analise ontleed. Die daaropvolgende analise het getoon dat hulle hoofsaaklik by 'n bende in hul woonbuurt aangesluit het omdat hulle baie blootstelling aan, en positiewe terugvoer van die bendelede gekry het. Die deelnemers het verkies om lojaal teenoor die bende te bly omdat die bende hulle emosionele (aanvaarding), fisiese (beskerming) en finansiele ondersteuning gebied het. Die huidige studie het gevind dat konflik 'n integrale kern van die bendekultuur gevorm het. Ten spyte van die vele pogings wat bendelede aangewend het om vrede te bewerkstellig, kon hulle nie daarin slaag om die geweldadige akitiwiteite te stuit nie. Hierdie bendekultuur wat sterk ooreenstem met die tronkbende-sisteem is in stand gehou deur groepsdinamika wat sekere sosiale rolle en verwagtinge op lede afgedwing het. Bendelede het groter gedragsafwykings getoon soos wat die lojaliteit aan die bende toegeneem het. In teenstelling met algemene bevindings betreffende die oorsprong van bendelidmaatskap, het hierdie studie getoon dat sosiale beheer en die ervaring van relatiewe deprivasie geen noemenswaardige invloed gehad het nie. Daar word voorgestel dat programme vir intervensies moet konsentreer op alternatiewe vorme van ondersteuning vir hierdie "riskante" jeug.

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Piquette-Wiedenhoeft, Renee M. "A Qualitative Study of Panhellenic Sorority Membership Attrition". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1210616795.

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Rabrenović, Aleksandra. "Financial accountability as a condition for EU membership". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2265/.

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The objective of this thesis is to provide advice on how to establish a reliable system of financial accountability in Serbia, as a condition for EU membership. The creation of a functional financial accountability system in Serbia is important not only for further Serbian development, but also to secure efficient and effective use of the EU/Member States’ monies, which are already being used in Serbia. This thesis analyses financial accountability systems of two EU Member States: UK and France and a supranational EU system, which are then compared with the Serbian system. The legal frameworks of these systems of financial accountability are analysed against their socio-historical backgrounds, focusing on the key challenges they face in both their strategic developments and everyday work. The conclusion is that Serbia has still not met the financial accountability conditions for EU membership outlined in the acquis communitaure. The comparative socio-legal analysis has demonstrated that the application of pure, more advanced Western European models of financial accountability would not be possible in the transitional Serbian environment. However, specific elements of these systems, exemplified in the emerging European system of financial accountability, could be well applied in the Serbian context.

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Pradhan, Pushkar P. "Efficient group membership algorithm for ad hoc networks". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2002. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000593.

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Bonander, Fredrik. "Party membership and state subsidies a comparative study /". Doctoral thesis, Örebro : Örebro universitet, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-8260.

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