Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Melbourne”

In this paper I argue that in a mediatized Australia, where media are increasingly constructing society and culture as a whole, racializing frames used by Melbourne newspapers The Age and Herald Sun during a two-month period in 2018 contribute to the continued ‘othering’ of the ‘highly visible’ Sudanese-Australian and Sudanese refugee communities, and the erosion of the policy, and lived reality, of multiculturalism in Australia. Building upon the existing extensive body of research about the representation of refugee groups in Australian media, I use media framing theory to inform my analysis. In order to understand what media frames the Melbourne print media constructed around the ‘African gang crisis’ in 2018 I chose to conduct a quantitative and qualitative content analysis of the types of sources used, and the quotes referenced, within the news articles. The analysis shows that ‘the media’ cannot be treated as one homogenous ‘sense-making’ group, as latent patterns of dominating source types as used by each newspaper point to specific ‘newsroom frames’ for each outlet. These ‘newsroom frames’ should be taken into account when exploring the media frames and, specifically, the role of racializing frames, in understanding the ‘othering’ of black Sudanese people in Australia in relation to the country’s ‘white majority’. Only with this understanding can we begin to dismantle the lingering impact of the country’s ‘White Australia Policy’ past and make multiculturalism the solid foundation of Australia’s future.

This exegesis follows the development and application of an informal learning model for marginalised young people frequenting the inner city area of Melbourne, Australia. The Melbourne Youth Learning Opportunities (MYLO) project emerged in response to an increasingly visible community of young people frequenting the city campuses and a simultaneous wave of public concern about young people's options in Melbourne around the turn of the millennium. The application of an action research model was central to the research and is reflected throughout this exegesis. The recurring steps of reflection, planning, analysis and action are witnessed throughout the life of the MYLO project on both micro and macro scales. The research methodology reflects action research principles of consultation and continual improvement whilst simultaneously catering for traditional academic principles of rigour and validity. Combined qualitative and quantitative data collection was supported by careful data reduction and display before the determination of findings and according actions. The exegesis follows the creation and trial of an innovative youth learning model. In turn, the work explores the evaluation of the trial, the dissemination of project results, efforts at forward planning and the eventual piloting of the model. Throughout the document the reflections of the project team and, more particularly, the author (as primary researcher) are closely considered. The exegesis concludes with an analysis of developments in literature since the time of MYLO's creation, the contribution of the project to this body of knowledge, the long term outcomes for the MYLO model and the long term outcomes in terms of the author's own personal and professional development.

The nude painting Chloe, created in 1875 by French artist Jules Lefebvre, which has hung at Young and Jackson Hotel since 1909, is a much-loved Melbourne cultural icon. Chloe has been the subject of controversy and mythologising, particularly in relation to the Parisian model who sat for the painting. This production-based thesis, through a work of historical fiction and an exegesis, imaginatively renders and recontextualises Lefebvre’s Chloe to illustrate how these myths have, in part, contributed to reductive portrayals and interpretations of both the painting and its model. The manuscript “Capturing Chloe” is a fictional narrative tracing Chloe’s impact on an Australian family during World War One, and the volatile world of Jules Lefebvre’s Parisian model, as she and other proletarian women determine to challenge the social and political forces that oppress them in the aftermath of the Second French Empire and the Franco-Prussian War. The exegesis uses textual analysis and historical research to interrogate the origins of Chloe, and the source of myths that have variously constructed or constituted identities for the painting’s model. While exploring shifting ideas about the model’s identity since the painting’s debut in 1875, this analysis demonstrates the significance of textual artefacts in the ongoing process of reinterpreting and remaking Chloe. The exegesis explores an anecdote Lefebvre shared about his model, and a tale the Anglo-Irish writer George Moore wrote about “Lefebvre’s Chloe” in his memoirs. This work describes Moore’s student days in Paris, and his mythologising of a young woman who, I propose, may have been the model for Chloe. By recontextualising, reimagining and rewriting myths about Chloe’s model, and exploring the painting’s origins and its reception by Australian viewers throughout the decades, this thesis contributes new insights into and an original understanding of one of Australia’s most celebrated cultural icons.

Ever since its promulgation, in the late 1960s, the curriculum document entitled The Melbourne Religious Education Guidelines for Primary Students in the Archdiocese of Melbourne has attracted strong criticism from various members of the Roman Catholic community. This adverse criticism has prompted me to undertake an evaluation of the 1984 edition of this document. To enable me to analyze the document, both theologically and educationally, I have constructed classifications of theologies and education models. These classifications have been used to identify the dominant theological basis of the suggested curriculum and the religious education model used in its implementation. My analysis established that the theological basis of the document was Propositional, tempered by some of the characteristics of Heilsgeschichte theology. The content of the program contained both secular and religious material but, since they were not integrated, they gave the impression of two separate syllabi, used independently of each other. The methodology commenced with the students' experience but proceeded to the transmission of doctrinal religious knowledge. The language used in the expression of aims and goals contained characteristics of Heilsgeschichte theology and the Kerygmatic model of religious education. It was, therefore, seen to be in tension with the teaching methodology which emphasized transmission of doctrine, thus causing internal tensions and inconsistencies.

This thesis is an attempt to reconstruct the physical environment of the Port Phillip area as it was at the time of first European arrival, ie. c.1800. At the time it was first encountered by Europeans, in 1803, the land around Port Phillip Bay supported a wide diversity of ecosystems. For millennia the area was the territory of Aboriginal clans belonging to two language groups, Woi wurrung and Boon wurrung. These peoples lived in spiritual union with the land, exploiting its abundant resources, and, through a range of practices, maintaining it in the form in which it had been created. The encroachment of Europeans onto clan estates, beginning in the 1830s, brought dramatic changes to this Aboriginal way of life, and also to the local landscapes themselves. The thesis propounded here is that the natural history of the area was a major influence on the occupation and use of the area by humans, and that to understand the particulars of that natural history is to have an insight into the human history. The bulk of the study is therefore a reconstruction of that natural history, which is offered as the physical context of human action in the area. (For complete abstract open document)

The water industry in Melbourne is facing a range of challenges associated with a notoriously varying climate and population growth. As a response to this, new water entitlement arrangements were introduced in 2014, seeking to promote a more integrated water cycle management. Melbourne’s three water retail corporations and four regional urban water corporations were assigned so called Delivery Bulk Entitlements, giving each of them the right to an individually quantified volume of water and the responsibility to manage that water. As a part of this, it was also decided that the actors are allowed to trade water. According to economic theory, having a water market like this is likely to promote a more efficient water system – at least from an economic point of view. However, the overall aim of the water system management is not only to promote efficiency but also to provide affordable, secure water supplies and enable for a water system supporting liveability and sustainability while protecting the environment and public health. Recognising this and also the limited experiences from water trading in urban settings, the aim of the present study was to explore and review the risks (i.e. opportunities and threats) associated with the new water trading scheme in Melbourne. By performing interviews with industry representatives in combination with a literature review, features of water trading that could potentially affect the possibility to attain the objectives of the Melbourne water system management were identified. While confirming that the possibility to trade indeed offers an opportunity to improve allocative as well as productive and dynamic efficiency, it was also recognised that this brings about opportunities as well as threats in relation to liveability, environmental health, security and, potentially, affordability. For example, there could be ideological and/or religious opposition towards treating water as a commodity and considering the essentiality of the water services provided by the bulk entitlement holders, anything affecting their operations could be seen to affect the liveability and sustainability of Melbourne. However, there are currently little to no room for trading to directly affect the costumers’ costs for water since the prices are regulated and predetermined. By increasing efficiency, trading could potentially defer the next major water augmentation, which nevertheless would be positive in this regard. Furthermore, it offers a way to redistribute the available water after a disturbance, which is positive in relation to the water security. Currently, the lack of security frameworks guiding any trading activities is however problematic not only in relation to this but also since it basically keeps any trades from happening and thereby limits the scope for a market altogether. As regards the environment, trading brings with it an opportunity to solve a potential overallocation problem as well as a way for the environmental water holder to acquire additional water for the environment and to readjust its water holdings and get around delivery constraints. However, trading among other actors also potentially brings with it unwanted effects due to a change in quantity and/or quality of the water flows. Additionally, it may encourage entitlement holders to sell of water that would otherwise have been left unused. It should be emphasised that the present study did not seek to provide a complete risk assessment but to offer an initial mapping and understanding of opportunities and threats. From this, it also made some brief recommendations about how some of the identified barriers such as the low number of market participants and the current need for trades to get ministerial approval potentially could be overcome. All in all, although the scope for having a market in Melbourne could be questioned due to a number of factors (currently) keeping the low number of entitlement holders from trading, this study suggests that water trading could be both positive and negative in relation to the overall objectives of the water system government. Thus, the key is to develop a water market seeking to promote the identified opportunities while mitigating the threats, indeed giving the water corporations in Melbourne the possibility to use the new management tool for managing their respective demand and supply balances without compromising the level of service towards their customers.<br>Aktörerna som ansvarar för Melbournes vattenförsörjning står inför en rad utmaningar kopplade till ett mycket omväxlande klimat och en kraftig befolkningstillväxt. I ett försök att främja ett holistiskt och mer integrerat förhållningssätt där alla möjligheter tas i beaktande infördes under 2014 ett nytt sätt att organisera rättigheterna till vatten. De sju statligt ägda företag i Melbourne som distribuerar vatten till privatkunder och företag tilldelades så kallade ”Bulk Delivery Entitlements” som ger var och en av dem rätt till en individuellt kvantifierad mängd vatten och även ansvar för dess förvaltning. Som ett led i detta möjliggjordes även för aktörerna att handla med vattnet, något som enligt ekonomisk teori torde främja effektivitet – i alla fall utifrån ett ekonomiskt perspektiv. Det övergripande målet för vattenförsörjningen gäller dock inte bara effektivitetsnivån utan tar även hänsyn till pris och säkerhet och söker främja beboelighet (”liveability”) och hållbarhet samtidigt som miljön och folkhälsan skyddas. Utifrån detta och med tanke på de begränsade erfarenheterna av vattenhandel i urban miljö var syftet med denna studie att undersöka och granska de risker (i form av möjligheter och hot) som kan associeras med att ha en vattenmarknad i Melbourne. Genom att genomföra intervjuer med företrädare för industrin och kombinera detta med en litteraturstudie identifierades aspekter kopplade till vattenhandel som kan komma att påverka potentialen att nå målen för hur Melbournes vattensystem ska förvaltas. Studien bekräftar att en vattenmarknad troligen verkligen erbjuder möjlighet till ökad allokativ, produktiv och dynamisk effektivitet, men identifierade också en rad möjligheter och hot i förhållande till (social) hållbarhet, miljö, säkerhet och kostnadsbild. Till exempel kan det finnas ideologiskt och/eller religiöst grundat motstånd mot att se vatten som en handelsvara. Dessutom, med tanke på hur fundamentala de tjänster som tillhandahålls av de inblandade företagen är, kan det argumenteras för att vad som än påverkar dessa företags verksamhet är relevant i förhållande till social hållbarhet. Det finns för närvarande dock inget direkt utrymme för vattenhandeln att påverka kundernas kostnader för vatten eftersom priserna är på förhand reglerade. Genom att öka effektiviteten kan en vattenmarknad dock vara delaktig i att skjuta upp nästa stora utbyggnad av vattenförsörjningen, vilket skulle vara positivt ur detta avseende. Därtill erbjuder en vattenmarknad ett sätt att omfördela det tillgängliga vattnet efter en störning, vilket är positivt med tanke på försörjningssäkerheten. För närvarande är dock bristen på säkerhetsföreskrifter i förhållande till handelsaktiviteter problematiskt inte bara i förhållande till säkerhetsnivån utan även med tanke på att det avhåller vattenföretagen från att genomföra någon handel alls och därmed begränsar möjligheten att omsätta både möjligheter och hot. När det gäller miljöhänsyn erbjuder vattenhandel en möjlighet att lösa en eventuell situation där för mycket vatten avleds från naturen till försörjningsnätet. Dessutom kan den aktör som ansvarar för det vatten som avsatts för miljöändamål förvärva ytterligare vatten, justera sitt vatteninnehav och komma runt fysiska leveransbegräsningar. Handel mellan andra aktörer medför dock hot om en förändring i kvantitet och/eller kvalitet hos vattenflöden, något som kan komma att ha negativ miljöpåverkan. Dessutom kan en vattenmarknad medföra att vatten som tidigare lämnats orört nu istället säljs för konsumtionsändamål. Det bör understrykas att denna studie inte gör något anspråk på att erbjuda en fullständig riskutvärdering utan snarare en första kartläggning av och förståelse för möjligheter och hot.  Utifrån detta formulerades även förslag på hur några av de identifierade barriärerna, bland annat det låga antalet marknadsdeltagare och det nuvarande kravet på att handelsavtal godkänns av en minister, skulle kunna övervinnas. Sammantaget föreslår denna studie att vattenhandel kan vara både positivt och negativt i förhållande till de övergripande målen för förvaltningen av vattensystemet, även om utrymmet för en marknad i Melbourne kan ifrågasättas med tanke på en rad faktorer som för närvarande medför att det låga antalet potentiella marknadsdeltagare faktiskt avstår från att handla. Nyckeln till att utveckla Melbournes vattenmarknad ligger i att främja möjligheterna och begränsa inverkan från hoten så att vattenföretagen i Melbourne verkligen kan utnyttja möjligheten att använda detta nya verktyg för att hantera sina respektive vattenbalanser, utan att äventyra servicenivån gentemot kunderna.

This work aims to illustrate the development of the profile and perceptions of Italian migrants in Melbourne from the beginning of the 20th century to today. As a consequence of the Immigration Restriction Bill of 1901, Italians replaced the Pacific Islanders working in the cane-field industry, especially in Queensland. The Italians’ hard work and determination to settle and to find a “better life” in Australia aroused the suspicions of the Government, which started to investigate on Italians, but also saw the rise of racism and discrimination towards them. The first Australian “Little Italy” was recreated in Carlton, Melbourne, where regional clubs and supporting associations were founded. In this context, the testimonies of the Italians migrants Sir James Gobbo, Ivo Vellar and Giorgio Mangiamele are fundamental in understanding the discrimination that the Italians migrants faced in the 1950s and 1960s in Melbourne. However, in the last 20 years, thanks to the globalization, Australia has developed into a multicultural country and negative perceptions have moved to other ethnic groups such as Asians and Africans. In contrast, today the “Italian” has become a prestigious label synonymous with a high standard of culture, delicious food, design and good taste.

This Masters of Landscape Architecture investigates the occurrence of small, temporary urban voids in inner northern Melbourne. The study asks whether these spaces operate as Public Domain (Hajer & Reijndorp 2001) and uses the concept of

During the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, four well-equipped government observatories were maintained in Australia – in Melbourne, Sydney, Adelaide and Perth. These institutions conducted astronomical observations, often in the course of providing a local time service, and they also collected and collated meteorological data. As well, some of these observatories were involved at times in geodetic surveying, geomagnetic recording, gravity measurements, seismology, tide recording and physical standards, so the term 'observatory' was being used in a rather broad sense! Despite the international renown that once applied to Williamstown and Melbourne Observatories, relatively little has been written by modern-day scholars about astronomical activities at these observatories. This research is intended to rectify this situation to some extent by gathering, cataloguing and analysing the published astronomical output of the two Observatories to see what contributions they made to science and society. It also compares their contributions with those of Sydney, Adelaide and Perth Observatories. Overall, Williamstown and Melbourne Observatories produced a prodigious amount of material on astronomy in scientific and technical journals, in reports and in newspapers. The other observatories more or less did likewise, so no observatory of those studied markedly outperformed the others in the long term, especially when account is taken of their relative resourcing in staff and equipment.

In essence, the following thesis examines the development of high technology industry (HTI) in metropolitan Melbourne. The thesis focuses on an assessment of the Victorian Government's spatially-focussed HTI development policy known as the 'Technology Precincts Policy" (TPP) which was adopted in 1988. Under this policy, five technology precincts have been established in Melbourne to encourage the development of HTI. Two main approaches were employed to evaluate the TPP, namely, a review of relevant literature and an analysis of unpublished data obtained from and produced by the ABS specifically for this thesis. The primary analysis involved determining the geographical orientation and locational preferences of HTI in Melbourne compared to the location of the five designated technology precincts. From the findings of the two research approaches, it is concluded that the TPP is not relevant, accurate or successful policy in terms of the development of HTI in Melbourne. This is primarily because the policy is too spatially-focussed and the designated technology precincts do not reflect the actual factors that influence the location and development of HTI in Melbourne. Given the thesis findings, an alternative HTI development policy for Melbourne is recommended. The recommended policy focuses on the Melbourne metropolitan area as a whole and would involve a range of integrated and co-ordinated State Government initiatives and measures. Its goal would be an economic and urban environment in Melbourne which encourages innovation and HTI development throughout the metropolis, rather than seek a specific outcome in a particular spatial order.

This dissertation reveals the method by which architects in Melbourne have designed the single family house in the period 1945 - 1975 and thus extends Robin Boyd's attempt in 1947 to describe a regional architectural manner for the state of Victoria. Critical to the study is an initial outline of a local tradition of condoned eclecticism in 1930s domestic architecture and the presence of an evolving housing stock that was mixed rather than predominantly that of the single family house. Modernism in 1930s Melbourne architecture is found to be part of a compositional tradition rather than emerging from ideological imperatives. Robin Boyd’s idea of a so-called Victorian Type is also found to be part of this compositional tradition. The study then examines the suppressive effect of World War 2 on this tradition and its eventual re-emergence during the ensuing three decades.The circumstances which encouraged the adoption of the language of modern architecture and its subsequent effects are examined via prevailing architectural themes. These include: the post-war Victorian Type; structural experiment; geometry; the influence of the East Coast Bauhaus and Frank Lloyd Wright; the continuing idiosyncratic assimilation and reformulation process (albeit under the guise of the Modern Movement) which described the modern house in Melbourne of the 1950s and 1960s; the renewed interest in texture, exposed materials and compartmented planning in the 1960s; and the eventual re-emergence of artifice in the composition of space, form and detail and a renewed variety and intricacy in choice of texture and materials. (For complete abstract open document)

This thesis seeks to address the work of Australian mid-century modern furniture designers, focusing on four Melbourne-based designers, from 1946-60. Melbourne was a creative centre during this fourteen-year period, with some of the best-known modern Australian artists and designers working out of the city. This thesis will examine the furniture designed by Fred Ward (1900-1990), Fred Lowen (1919-2005), Grant Featherston (1922-1995), and Clement Meadmore (1929-2005), during this time, and will answer the question of how international design as well as Australian post-war aesthetics and society were manifested through their furniture. There has yet to be a definitive account written of the work these designers produced in the post-war era, and how Melbourne as a city responded to the emerging modernism of these designers. This thesis seeks to address this gap. It will also explore the craftsmanship of the designers, the materials and production techniques used, and the styling and marketing of the furniture. It will be shown that the majority of the furniture produced by these designers sold in large quantities and was used extensively throughout Melbourne and other cities. It will also examine the legacy of mid-century modern furniture and its resurgence in popularity in recent years.

The late nineteenth century was a period of tumultuous social change throughout the English-speaking world. Nowhere was this more apparent then in Melbourne, the principal city in the British colony of Victoria. Melbourne experienced the best and the worst of the era. It enjoyed rapid economic growth and an unsurpassed level of general prosperity. However the depression in the following decade exposed and deepened cracks in the economic system which had been present for a long time. This thesis uses a wide variety of aggregate and individual-level data to chart the life courses of young Melburnians as they made they way to adulthood. It examines their schooling. It measures their entry into the work force, and investigates the types of jobs that were available and the consequences of boys’ and girls’ employment decisions. It considers what factors were important in determining the ages at which men and women married. In the early 1870s laws were passed to make elementary schooling compulsory and universal, yet children’s schooling practices were impervious to such interventions. Enrolment and attendance stayed at their former levels and in many ways parents and children circumvented or disregarded the laws to suit their own needs. Families were less successful in influencing the labour market. Mechanization and specialization went hand-in-hand with a deskilling of jobs. Youths of both sexes were forced into dead-end employment which taught them little or no skills and sentenced them to a life of low wages and frequent unemployment. The median age at marriage changed very little during the period, after controlling for changes in the age structure of the unmarried population. Most women faced no attractive alternatives to marriage. Consequently there was a relatively narrow dispersion in the ages of brides and only slight differences amongst women from different social classes. Marriage for young men was a more accurate reflection of the their perceptions of their present and prospective economic circumstances. At the furthest extreme, migrants who were working in semi-skilled and unskilled jobs were disillusioned and married very late. The unifying theme to the thesis is how the transitions to adulthood reflected the strains of late nineteenth-century family life and in particular the economic relationship between parents and children. Chapter 5 investigates marital fertility decline which is another example of how families coped. Melbourne began the fertility transition in the 1880s. Two unique features were that young married women were at the forefront of that demographic change and a large contribution to lower fertility rates came from longer intervals between births. The ideological importance of separate public and private spheres and on maintaining ‘respectability' are argued to be at the root of the fertility decline and on the progression from childhood to marriage in late nineteenth-century Melbourne.

Total Quality Management is a set of time tested norms and practices being used in the management of organizations. The thesis aims at understanding Total Quality practices in the Australian Public Service and evaluating the extent to which Total Quality Management practices have been successful in Public Sector organizations.

In Australia the Horn of African migrants are one of the fastest growing migrant communities. The majority of these migrants arrived under the refugee and humanitarian resettlement program. This study focuses on the social networks of these migrants and the impact of remittances they send on them, as well as on the lives of their families back home. The study begins with an analysis of the major trends and characteristics of migration from the Horn of Africa to Australia. The study examines different types of formal and informal social networks that migrants develop and which are used as coping strategies to address their personal, social, financial, and emotional problems. It is based on a survey of migrant settlers from the Horn of Africa. The survey also found that family and ethnic owned remittance providers play formidable roles in facilitating the cheap, fast and reliable sending of remittances from Australia to rural and remote areas (including refugee camps) in Africa. In addition to their roles in fighting poverty and improving the living and human development conditions in Africa, remittances link family and maintain social networks with those left behind, and they also are used to influence the political landscapes of their countries of origin. Due to their lack of English language and relevant labour market skills, many of the Horn of African migrants studied are unemployed and dependent on the social welfare system. Despite high unemployment rates and dependence on the social welfare system, the majority (the employed, under employed and unemployed) of these migrants send money to support their families and friends stranded in precarious situations in asylum countries and in their country of origin. However, while they believe that their remittances have improved the lives of their families back home, they openly admitted that sending money has affected their lives and reduced the quality of lifestyles of their families in Australia. The study examines a number of aspects of the lives of Horn of African immigrants in Australia, especially their engagement with the labour market, housing, social networks, the social and economic cost of not recognizing overseas qualifications and work experiences, the long and short term health consequences and the economic and social costs of allowing the import, selling and consumption of “Khat”. A number of conclusions are made regarding policies on settlement of refugees from Africa in Australia.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2012

Triestine migration to Australia is the direct consequence of numerous disputations over the city's political boundaries in the immediate post-World War II period. As such the triestini themselves are not simply part of an overall migratory movement of Italians who took advantage of Australia's post-war immigration program, but their migration is also the reflection of an important period in the history of what today is known as the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region. By examining the migrant experience of both first and subsequent generations of Triestines in the Australian city of Melbourne in a historical context, this study highlights the importance of both the past and the present experience in the process of migrant settlement and identity construction.