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Faria, Juliana de Almeida. "Comunicação inter-orgão ativada pela melatonina promove o controle da gliconeogênese". [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309383.
Pełny tekst źródłaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T11:52:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Faria_JulianadeAlmeida_M.pdf: 3166901 bytes, checksum: d6395a9feadc0393429b22df87066881 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: O aumento da produção hepática de glicose (PHG) é o principal componente que contribui para os elevados valores da glicemia de jejum em indivíduos obesos com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). ...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: The increase in hepatic glucose production (HGP) is the main component that contributes to high values of fasting glucose levels in obese individuals with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). ...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic document
Mestrado
Farmacologia
Mestra em Farmacologia
Souza, Bianca Ribeiro de. "Avaliação histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica dos ovários de ratas tratadas com o esteroide decanoato de nandrolona associado à melatonina /". Assis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151646.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoorientador: Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa
Banca: Telma Goncalves Carneiro Spera de Andrade
Banca: Ana Paula Alves Favareto
Resumo: Os esteroides anabólicos androgênicos são prescritos para o tratamento de várias doenças, porém apresentam efeitos colaterais mesmo em dosagens terapêuticas. Entre eles, destaca-se o decanoato de nandrolona (DN), o qual age sobre receptores de andrógenos (AR) e estrógenos (ERα e ERβ). Paralelamente, a melatonina (MLT) tem despertado a atenção na área da saúde devido às suas propriedades antioxidantes e profiláticas, com o intuito de reduzir ou suprimir os efeitos colaterais promovidos por fármacos. Então, o presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o ciclo estral, a estrutura histológica e a imunomarcação para AR, ERα e ERβ em ovários de ratas androgenizadas submetidas ao tratamento com MLT. Ratas Wistar (n = 8/grupo) receberam óleo mineral (Controle), DN (7,5 mg/kg; via subcutânea, 15 dias) e o tratamento com MLT (10 mg/kg; via intraperitoneal, 7 dias) isoladamente, previamente ou concomitantemente ao esteroide. O ciclo estral foi monitorado. Os ovários foram coletados e preparados para a avaliação do tecido. Nas ratas androgenizadas, a MLT recuperou o peso e o tecido ovariano, mas não restabeleceu o ciclo estral. O número e área dos corpos lúteos dos animais que receberam MLT, previamente ou concomitantemente ao DN, foram similares ao controle, e apenas o tratamento prévio restabeleceu a quantidade de folículos saudáveis e atrésicos. Nos folículos, a MLT promoveu uma fraca expressão do ERα e ERβ, e nos corpos lúteos inibiu a diminuição na expressão de ERβ induzido pelo DN. O tratamento prévio com MLT atenuou o aumento na expressão do AR promovido pelo DN em folículos atrésicos e corpos lúteos. Em conclusão, a MLT apresentou efeito benéfico nos ovários androgenizados através da recuperação da foliculogênese e da luteogênese. O tratamento prévio com melatonina foi mais eficaz em relação ao tratamento concomitante
Abstract: Androgenic anabolic steroids are prescribed as treatment to several diseases, however, they present side effects even in therapeutic dosages. Among them, we highlight the nandrolone decanoate (ND) which acts on androgen receptors (AR) and estrogen receptors (ERα e ERβ). At the same time, melatonin (MLT) has raised attention in health area due to its antioxidant and prophylactic properties intending reduction or surpassing side effects caused by medicine. Thus, the present study aimed assess the estrous cycle, histological structure and AR, ERα and ERβ immunolocalization in androgenized rats ovaries undergone treatment with MLT. Wistar rats (n= 8/group) received mineral oil (Control), ND (7,5 mg/kg; subcutaneously, 15 days) and treatment with MLT (10 mg/kg; intraperitoneally, 7 days) singly, previously or concomitantly to steroid. Estrous cycle was monitored. The ovaries were collected and prepared for tissue assessment. In androgenized rats, MLT recovered weight and ovarian tissue, but it did not reestablish the estrous cycle. The number and area of corpus luteum of animals which received MLT, previously or concomitantly to ND, were similar to control, and only previous treatment reestablished the quantity of healthy and atretic follicles. In follicles, MLT promoted a weak expression of the ERα and ERβ, and in corpora lutea, it inhibited the decrease in the ERβ expression induced by ND. Previous treatment with MLT mitigated the increase in AR expression promoted by ND in atretic follicles and corporea lutea. In conclusion, melatonin presented a beneficial effect on the androgenized ovaries through the recovery of the folliculogenesis and luteogenesis. The previous treatment was the most effective
Mestre
Hayes, Helen. "Melatonin and sleep /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SPS/09spsh417.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaPedrosa, Alziana Moreno da Cunha. "Triptofano, melatonina e seus produtos de oxidação: ações sobre os linfócitos T". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-26032007-140112/.
Pełny tekst źródłaT Lymphocytes are exposed to severe homeostatic regulation from development stage up to their maturation, clonal expansion and cell death. Endogenous or exogenous compounds altering the physiological functions of T lymphocytes can modulate important steps of the immune response. Tryptophan plays an important role for maintaining the homeostasis of T lymphocytes and is the precursor of the melatonin synthesis. In this study we evaluated the effects of tryptophan, melatonin and their oxidation products concerning the main activation and deactivation processes of T lymphocytes. Firstly, we analyzed the biological effects of L-kynurenine (KYN, a compound formed at the tryptophan metabolization pathway), melatonin and its oxidation products, N-acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK) and N-acetyl-5- methoxykynuramine (AMK), concerning the proliferation of human T lymphocytes and the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) as well as of interleukins IL-2, IL-10 and IL-12. It was observed that KYN, melatonin, AFMK and AMK inhibit the lymphocytes proliferation and the release of IL-2 and IFN-γ. The inhibitory effect of these compounds in the IFN-γ synthesis is not related to the variations on the production of the two most important cytokines for the IFN-γ regulation, that is, IL-10 and IL-12. After that, we reported the melatonin action as well as of its oxidation products, in what concerns activation-induced cell death (AICD) of T lymphocytes hybridomas and probable activation mechanisms. The results of this study have shown that melatonin as well as AFMK and AMK are powerful inhibitors of the T lymphocytes apoptosis. These compounds inhibit the activation of the nuclear transcription factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and suppress the expression of the Fas-Ligand molecule (FasL), which is the essential event to the AICD induction. We concluded that products formed by the oxidation of either tryptophan or melatonin are potential regulators of the immune response and may participate on immunosuppression effects, in which the tryptophan depletion is believed to be the main mechanism for T lymphocytes regulation. Added to that, our results may be helpful for evaluating possible unwanted effects during the therapeutical use of melatonin.
Lapa, Marco Antonio Pires Camilo. "Vias de transdução envolvidas na síntese de melatonina por fagócitos do colostro humano". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41135/tde-06122010-171220/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe melatonin synthesis by human mononuclear phagocytes starts after the induction by IgA opsonized or not zymosan. This production is dependent on the activation of NFKB pathway since the pharmacological block of the pathway by PDTC or ALLN reduces the melatonin concentration in culture supernatants. The NFKB localization temporally varies after initial stimulus and the presence of specific subunits in the cell nucleus is different in activated cells when compared with control cells. We observed the presence of p50 subunit in all experimental conditions (control, zymosan, opsonized zymosan), but the Rel A and c-Rel subunits were only detected in treated cells. Melatonin shows activity over immune cells in many experimental models, but the phagocytosis model was not yet reported in literature. We observed that melatonin (1 nM) is able to potentiate the non opsonized zymosan phagocytosis. The capacity to synthesize melatonin presented by immune cells is a well known phenomenon and now we demonstrate that the NFKB pathway is also responsible for the melatonin synthesis in colostral mononuclear phagocytes. The activation of NFKB pathway inhibits the melatonin synthesis in pineal gland but, in leukocytes, the activation of this pathway is necessary to achieved melatonin synthesis. A possible explanation for this difference is the presence of c-Rel in the phagocytes, which presents transactivation domains, allowing the supposition that this subunit is the responsible for melatonin synthesis in these cells. Since, melatonin synthesis is dependent on the activation of a factor involved with an inflammatory response, this study opens the perspective that the melatonin could participate as a modulator of this process. The phagocytosis induced by melatonin discloses a significant role of this indolamine during an infection, promoting the fast elimination of pathogen in the extracellular medium. The data shows that immune cells not only produces this indolamine, but also use the melatonin to modulate the immune responses.
Santos, Adriessa Aparecida dos. "Melatonina sintetizada por microglias de cerebelo em cultura regula o processo de fagocitose". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41135/tde-17072015-153623/.
Pełny tekst źródłaMelatonin is a indolamine synthesized primarily by the pineal gland, whose function is associated with the marking of the dark phase. Beyond this chronobiotic function, melatonin also plays a role in defense and is synthesized by other sites. It may exert paracrine and autocrine action, like in immunocompetent cells. High substantially concentrations of melatonin are found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that has been linked to the synthesis of melatonin by the central nervous system cells (CNS), such as microglia. Knowing that these cells are the resident macrophages in the CNS and that melatonin synthesis by these phagocytes is proven, our study aims to assess whether cerebellar microglia synthesize this indolamine and whther this acts enhancing phagocytosis of these cells. Our results show that blocking the melatonin receptors with the antagonist, luzindole, both the exogenous melatonin-induced phagocytosis and the basal phagocytosis decreased, indicating that there is melatonin synthesis by cerebellar microglia which acts on phagocytosis. These results are significant and indicate that melatonin synthesized by microglia may be related to the neural environment homeostasis. In this way, our data can contribute, for example, in studies to establish new therapeutic strategies for neuroinflammatory diseases.
Hazlerigg, David G. "Cellular actions of melatonin". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295370.
Pełny tekst źródłaBagnaresi, Piero. "Inter-relação do ritmo e da ação de drogas antimaláricas na infecção da malária de roedores". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41135/tde-07072009-152249/.
Pełny tekst źródłaMalaria is the most killing parasitic disease in the world. Half of the world population is at risk of contracting the disease, which kills over 1 million people, being children under 5 the most affected. The fever periodicity is the characteristic symptom of the disease. The fever is a result of the burst of the erythrocyte when the parasite leaves the host cell to infect other ones. This event is highly synchronous, with the parasites going out of the cells at the same time. For this to happen, the cellular events that are necessary for parasite growth have to be very well regulated. The circadian hormone melatonin is the signal that synchronizes the intraerythrocytic cycle of Plasmodium. In this work, we report that this synchrony, observed in the majority of the parasites species, could be used as a way to evade the immune system, assuring the continuity of the infection. When we disrupt this synchrony with luzindole, a melatonin antagonist, we observe that a suboptimal dose of the antimalarial chloroquine increases the survival of the infected mice. We also report that P. berghei, rodent parasite that possess and unsynchronized infection, cant perceive the hormone. Unlike what is observed in species that have a synchronous infection, melatonin fail to induce intracellular calcium increase or promote cell cycle synchronization in vitro. Here we also report the construction of knockout vector for Plasmodium, to be used to investigate the functions of the target genes by phenotype analysis.
Santos, Claudia Carina Conceição dos. "Eficácia da melatonina no tratamento da endometriose". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/67646.
Pełny tekst źródłaBackground: Endometriosis is a benign condition that affects women in childbearing age. It is a estrogen-dependent disease, multifactorial, associated with a generalized inflammatory response in the peritoneal cavity, being the most common cause of chronic pelvic pain. Objective: This study have compared the effect of melatonin 10 mg / day with placebo in pain and in serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in patients with endometriosis. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebocontrolled trial. We included women at aged between 24 and 52 years with the diagnosis of endometriosis by laparoscopy selected from the daily schedule of consultations of the Gynecology outpatient clinic and by calling the local media, for the period September 2010 to April 2012. Questionnaires were used to evaluate the frequency and intensity of pain (during intercourse, urination and work), depressive symptoms, level of catastrophic thinking and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) for psychiatric diagnoses. Results: In the analysis by intention to treat, the mean pain during menstruation was 4.8 ± 0.15 cm in the group receiving Melatonin (n = 20) and 6.9 ± 0.13 cm in the group placebo (n = 20), with mean difference (adjusted for the effect of each patient) of 2.147 cm in VAS (95% CI 1.767 to 2.527, p <0.001). There were also differences between the means of pain when urinating (mean difference = 0.660 95% CI 0.348 to 0.971, p <0.001), and pain when defecating (mean difference = 0.515 95% CI 0.180 to 0.849, p = 0.003). Patients who received melatonin had reduced serum levels of BDNF. Conclusion: The use of melatonin was associated with reduced pain even outside the menstrual period in women with endometriosis. The treatment also reduced levels of BDNF, suggesting change in pain modulatory systems. These findings suggest that melatonin is effective in the treatment of endometriosis.
Kuehn, Christian Collins. "Análise in vitro e in vivo da ação conjunta dos hormônios Dehidroepiandrosterona (DHEA) e Melatonina (MEL) contra Trypanosoma cruzi". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60135/tde-10092009-085526/.
Pełny tekst źródłaPrevious studies show that melatonin (MEL) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) enhances the immune response against parasitic pathogens. The present study investigated the in vitro activity of MEL and DHEA association in a period of 24 hours and in vivo during the course of T. cruzi infection. The in vitro activity of MEL and DHEA alone, as well as together, were tested for the trypomastigote forms (doses ranging from 0.5, 8, 20, 32, 40 to 128µM). In vitro, nor MEL nor DHEA alone did not show any activity against trypomastigote forms, although when the highest concentration of MEL and DHEA association was used, it was active against the trypomastigote forms of the parasite. However, for this concentration, a quite toxicity on peritoneal macrophages was observed. For in vivo evaluation, male Wistar rats were infected with the Y strain of T. cruzi. They were orally treated with 5mg/kg body weight/day of MEL and subcutaneously with 40mg/kg body weight/day of DHEA. Treatment with MEL, DHEA and the association showed a significant reduction in the number of blood trypomastigotes during the acute phase of infection as compared to untreated animals (P<0.05). A significant increase in the number of macrophages and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations were observed during the peak of parasitemia with MEL alone or combined with DHEA. However, with DHEA alone, the highest concentration of NO was observed (P<0.05). Moreover, DHEA treatment increased TNF-alpha levels during infection (P<0.05). These results show that MEL, DHEA or the association of both reduces parasitemia during the acute phase of infection. The combined action of both hormones did not exert a synergic action on the hosts ability to fight infection, and it seems that among all treatments DHEA induces a more efficient immune response.
Benites, Mariana Lopes. "Efeito do treinamento resistido sobre a sensibilidade à insulina, músculo esquelético e tecido ósseo em ratos pinealectomizados /". Araçatuba, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152384.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoorientadora: Sandra Helena Penha de Oliveira
Coorientador: Antonio Musarò
Banca: Carla Roberta de Oliveira Carvalho
Banca: Carlos Antonio de Miranda Bomfim
Banca: Solange Marta Franzói de Moraes
Banca: Fernando Yamamoto Chiba
Resumo: Produzida pela glândula pineal exclusivamente em período noturno e na escuridão, a melatonina apresenta papel fundamental na sincronização dos ritmos circadianos com o ciclo claro-escuro do meio ambiente. A exposição à luz suprime a síntese e secreção de melatonina pela glândula pineal, podendo prejudicar a ação insulínica em células do músculo esquelético. O transporte ineficiente de glicose no músculo esquelético pode promover atrofia, geralmente acompanhada por perda de massa óssea. Resistência à insulina, atrofia muscular esquelética e perda de massa óssea são efeitos patológicos que podem ser prevenidos ou atenuados pela prática regular de exercícios físicos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito do exercício resistido (ER) sobre a sensibilidade à insulina e manutenção da musculatura esquelética e tecido ósseo em ratos pinealectomizados. 40 ratos Wistar machos foram distribuídos, aleatória e igualmente, em 4 grupos: 1) controle (CNS); 2) exercitado (CNEX); 3) pinealectomizado (PNX) e 4) pinealectomizado exercitado (PNXEX). O ER foi realizado em escada, durante 8 semanas, 3 sessões semanais (em dias não consecutivos), 9 repetições por sessão e intervalo de tempo de 2 minutos entre as repetições. O teste de força máxima foi realizado a cada 2 semanas e a intensidade selecionada foi 60% de 1 repetição máxima (1RM). Após o período de treinamento, os animais foram submetidos ao teste de tolerância à insulina. Após o sacrifício, amostras de sangue foram coletadas ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Produced by the pineal gland exclusively at night time and in darkness, melatonin plays a key role in synchronizing circadian rhythms with the light dark cycle of the environment. Exposure to light suppresses the synthesis and secretion of melatonin by the pineal gland, and may impair insulin action in skeletal muscle cells. The inefficient transport of glucose in skeletal muscle can promote atrophy, usually accompanied by loss of bone mass. Insulin resistance, skeletal muscle atrophy and loss of bone mass are pathological effects that can be prevented or attenuated by regular physical exercise. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of resistance exercise on insulin sensitivity and maintenance of skeletal muscle and bone tissue in pinealectomized rats. For this, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly and equally distributed in 4 groups: 1) control (CNS); 2) exercised (CNEX); 3) pinealectomized (PNX) and 4) pinealectomized exercised (PNXEX). Resistance training was performed on a ladder for 8 weeks, 3 weekly sessions (on non-consecutive days), 9 repetitions per session and 2 minutes interval between repetitions. The maximal strength test was performed every 2 weeks and the intensity selected was 60% of 1 maximal repetition (1RM). After the training period, the animals were submitted to the insulin tolerance test. After sacrifice, blood samples were collected for quantification of plasma glucose and insulin. From these values, insulin resistance was calculated by the HOMA-IR index. The calculation of the cross-sectional area of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) was performed from the histological analysis using IMAGEJ software. Gene expression and phosphorylation of proteins present in skeletal muscle maintenance pathways were also evaluated: GLUT4, TNF-α, atrogin-1, MuRF1, IGF-1, Akt1, myostatin and SMAD2/3. The area...
Doutor
Petrilli, Camila Lopes. "Regulação da atividade da glândula pineal por estimulação purinérgica". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41135/tde-01052013-140517/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe biosynthesis of MEL by the pineal gland involves the conversion of serotonin to NAS by the enzyme AA-NAT, followed by methylation of NAS by the enzyme HIOMT generating MEL. The activation of β-adrenergic receptors is essential and the co-stimulation of P2Y1 receptors potentiates noradrenaline-induced NAS production. In this study we evaluated the effect of P2Y1 receptors stimulation on the production of MEL synthesis induced by β-adrenergic stimulation. Purinergic co-stimulation with ADP potentiated ISO-induced NAS production and inhibited melatonin content in a concentration dependent manner. In nuclear extracts from stimulated pineal glands with ADP, the nuclear translocation of AP-1 was observed, with no significant change in the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB dimers p50/p50 and p50/RelA. PDTC, an inhibitor of NF-κB, did not alter the content of NAS and MEL in cultured pineal glands co-stimulated with ISO and ADP. ISO and ADP co-stimulation did not alter the transcript and enzyme activity of AA-NAT and HIOMT. The selective blockade of P2Y1 receptors by A3\'P5\'P inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, the potentiating effect of ADP on ISO-induced NAS production but did not change the inhibition observed on MEL levels. These results suggest a differential mechanism on the modulation of NAS and MEL production opening new perspectives to the study of the regulatory mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of MEL and its metabolites
Cecon, Erika. "Fator de transcrição NFKB em glândulas pineais de ratos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41135/tde-17092010-111758/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe pineal gland is a neuroendocrine organ that transduces the environmental photic information into humoral signals through the nocturnal production of melatonin. Recently, our group have showed the existence of a Immune-pineal axis, that consider not only the melatonin effects on immunocompetent cells, but also the effect of inflammatory mediators on the biosynthetic activity of the pineal gland. It was shown that the melatonin production can be inhibited by pro-inflammatory agents and potenciated by the anti-inflammatory ones. Both effects rely on the NFKB nuclear factor pathway, since its nuclear content in pinealocytes is inversely related to melatonin production. The NFKB pathway was firstly related only to the immune response processes. However, its role in several physiological functions is well documented nowadays. The detection of this pathway in pineal glands and the detection of its modulatory effects on melatonin production lead to the investigation of the putative physiologic role of NFKB in the gland, which was the aim of this project. Pineal glands from healthy animals show NFKB pathway constitutively activated and its nuclear contents show a rhythm through out the 24h of the day. During the light phase, the amount of NFKB increases continuously and a sharp drop occurrs when lights are turned off and there is low level of nuclear NFKB all night long. Actually, the relation between the NFKB rhythm and the light/dark cycle is dependent on endogenous hormonal rhythms. Corticosterone induces the abrupt drop in nuclear NFKB at the beginning of the dark phase, while the pineal melatonin keeps this inhibitory effect through the night. Therefore, it is suggested that the control of NFKB nuclear translocation is required to the physiological function of pineal gland, since any alteration on its nuclear content results in alteration on melatonin production. In addition, these data opens new perspectives on the regulatory mechanisms of the pineal biosynthetic activity by agents that act through the NFKB pathway
Buonfiglio, Daniella do Carmo. "Estudo da síntese de melatonina em retinas de ratos Wistar diabéticos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42137/tde-22072011-122801/.
Pełny tekst źródłaMelatonin controls several retinal physiologic rhythmic phenomena besides being the most powerful natural free radical scavenger. The aim of this work is evaluating the retinal melatonin diurnal profile of diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were diabetic-induced by an injection of STZ and some of them were treated with insulin (6U/day). Retinas were obtained throughout the 24h light-dark cycle for retinal melatonin content, enzymes activity, cAMP content and gene expression analysis. Control animals showed a retinal melatonin daily rhythm with high levels at night while diabetic rats presented a reduction. The AANAT activity showed a daily rhythm with high levels at night in the control group. This daily fluctuation was vanished in STZ-induced diabetic rats and insulin-treatment restored both parameters. We suppose the AANAT activity reduction observed is due to the reduced cAMP content. As melatonin plays an important role modulating circadian functions, this impairment could compromise the retinal physiological homeostasis.
Gonçalves, Manuela de Castilhos França. "Desenvolvimento, caracterização físico-química e avaliação biológica de quitossomas para liberação cutânea da melatonina". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/61778.
Pełny tekst źródłaChitosomes are chitosan coated liposomes that represent an alternative to conventional liposomes since they present a better stability and bioadhesivity, characteristics which are interesting for formulations intented to cutaneous administration. The aim of this work was to prepare and characterize different concentrations of melatonin (MEL) loaded in chitosome suspensions and to evaluate, in vivo, the antioxidant capacity of MEL associated to chitosomes and incorporated in hydrogels. The liposome and chitosome suspensions presented mean diameters between 150 nm and 254 nm, polidispersity indexes around 0.4, zeta potential values between -38 mV and -28 mV, pH values close to 4.0, MEL content close to 100 % and encapsulation efficiency between 34.4 % and 60.8 %. The small angle X-rays analysis revealed the presence of unilamelar structures, also observed by transmission electronic microscopy. The stability studies indicated that, within 90 days, the liposome suspensions had a decrease in mean diameter values and in polydispersity indexes, but no alterations were detected in zeta potentials and MEL content. The chitosome suspensions remained stable in relation to these parameters during 90 days. The Turbiscan LAb® results were similar to those found in the stability studies. The liposome and chitosome suspensions and the hydroalchoholic melatonin solution were incorporated into Natrosol® hydrogels and presented pseudoplastic rheological profiles. The Turbiscan LAb® results showed that the hydrogels did not present instability tendency. The oxidative stress assays revealed an increase in mouse skin protection of those that were treated with hydrogels containing MEL, presenting free radical lower levels and total thiols higher levels compared to the group only submitted to UVA radiation. The skin that received hydrogels containing MEL associated to chitosomes presented higher superoxide dismutase activities compared to the other treatments, indicating a better cutaneous protection.
Tedesco, Susan C. "Melatonin and seasonal cycles in muskoxen". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq23953.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaZhao, Hang, i 趙航. "Melatonin receptors in the rat uterus". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31241384.
Pełny tekst źródłaLi, Li, i 李莉. "Melatonin receptors in the rat epididymis". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31238907.
Pełny tekst źródłaPapagiannidou, Eleni. "Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of melatonin". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422928.
Pełny tekst źródłaAggelopoulos, Nikolaos. "Melatonin target sites in the brain". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427834.
Pełny tekst źródłaLomakina, Y. V. "Availability of melatonin and phytomelatonin supplements". Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18509.
Pełny tekst źródłaLi, Li. "Melatonin receptors in the rat epididymis /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B20522691.
Pełny tekst źródłaWikner, Johan. "Melatonin secretion and excretion : a clinical study focusing on factors and disease states which might influence melatonin /". Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/91-628-3213-1.
Pełny tekst źródłaMoyer, Robert Walter. "Comparative morphological and biochemical study of the pineal complex in geckos /". Title page, abstract and contents only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm938.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaMarani, Fernando. "Efeitos da suplementação com melatonina na remodelação óssea alveolar em ratos pinealectomizados com doença periodontal /". Araçatuba, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154467.
Pełny tekst źródłaBanca: Fernando Yamamoto Chiba
Banca: Sérgio Eduardo de Andrade Perez
Resumo: Pesquisas têm sido realizadas para investigar a relação entre inflamações crônicas na cavidade oral e efeitos deletérios em diversos sistemas do organismo. A doença periodontal (DP) caracterizada como uma infecção e inflamação oral está associada à produção de citocinas inflamatórias, tais como fator de necrose tumoral-alfa (TNF-α) e interleucina-6 (IL-6), as quais aumentam a expressão dos osteoclastos, levando a um aumento da reabsorção óssea alveolar. Além da influência destas citocinas na perda óssea alveolar, evidências científicas apontam que a falta do hormônio melatonina também pode contribuir para uma maior reabsorção óssea. A melatonina é um poderoso regulador da homeostase de diversos tecidos. Assim, este hormônio pode ter um importante papel na proteção de tecidos lesionados, podendo ser visto, como um possível coadjuvante no tratamento de doenças da cavidade oral devido principalmente sua ação antioxidante e imunomoduladora. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito da suplementação da melatonina na reabsorção óssea alveolar em ratos com doença periodontal e pinealectomizados (PNX), avaliando: 1) concentrações plasmáticas de TNF-α e IL-6 pelo método de ELISA; 2) marcadores ósseos como a fosfatase ácida resistente ao tartarato (TRAP) e Osteocalcina (OCN) por meio de técnica imunoistoquímica; 3) histomorfometria da região comprometida pela DP pelo escaneamento no microtomógrafo em 3D (Micro-CT) (modelo 1172 SkyScan®). Para tanto, oitenta (80) ratos Wi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: ABSTRACT Researches has been conducted to investigate the relationship between chronic inflammation in the oral cavity and deleterious effects on various systems of the body. Periodontal disease (PD) characterized as an infection and oral inflammation is associated with the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which increase the expression of osteoclasts, leading to an increase in alveolar bone resorption. In addition to the influence of these cytokines on alveolar bone loss, scientific evidence indicates that the lack of the hormone melatonin may also contribute to a greater bone resorption. Melatonin is a powerful regulator of homeostasis of various tissues. Thus, this hormone may have an important role in the protection of injured tissues, and can be seen as a possible adjuvant in the treatment of diseases of the oral cavity mainly due to its antioxidant and immunomodulatory action. Therefore, the objective of this study was to verify the effect of melatonin supplementation on alveolar bone resorption in rats with periodontal disease and pinealectomized (PNX), evaluating: 1) plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 by the ELISA method; 2) bone markers such as tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and Osteocalcin (OCN) by immunohistochemical technique; 3) histomorphometry of the region compromised by PD by scanning in the microtomograph in 3D (Micro-CT) (model 1172 SkyScan®). Therefore, eighty (80) W... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Praninskienė, Rūta. "Sleep disorders and melatonin secretion-excretion patterns in children with epilepsy". Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20130124_081710-20457.
Pełny tekst źródłaVaikų miego sutrikimai – dažna problema, dėl kurios tėvai kreipiasi į gydytoją. Jei vaikui būdingi keli miego sutrikimai ir (ar) jis serga kita liga, tai diagnozuoti ir gydyti miego sutrikimus yra sudėtinga. Miego sutrikimams ir epilepsijai būdingas komorbidiškumas. Literatūros duomenimis, vaikams, sergantiems epilepsija, empiriškai skiriama sintetinių melatonino preparatų. Įrodyta, kad jie sutrumpina užmigimo laiką, reguliuoja miego struktūrą, todėl retėja epilepsijos priepuoliai. Tačiau epilepsija sergančių vaikų melatonino sistema dar nebuvo tiriama. Darbo tikslas – išsiaiškinti epilepsija sergančių vaikų dažniausius miego sutrikimus ir kankorėžinės liaukos hormono melatonino, jo metabolito 6-sulfatoksimelatonino (aMT6s) paros cirkadinio profilio ypatumus bei ryšį su epilepsijos formomis, priepuoliais, priepuolių laiku, vartojamais vaistais nuo epilepsijos (VNE) bei kitų fiziologinių rodiklių cirkadiniu ritmu (kūno temperatūros, širdies susitraukimų dažnio, arterinio kraujo spaudimo). Rezultatai parodė, kad epilepsija sergančių vaikų miego sutrikimų skalės (VMSS) rodikliai buvo aukštesni visuose miego sutrikimų pogrupiuose. Dažnesni buvo padidėjusio mieguistumo bei miego ir budrumo ritmo sutrikimai. Kontrolinėje ir sergančių epilepsija vaikų grupėse melatonino apykaita, išreikšta ekskrecijos metabolito aMT6s kiekis kūno svorio vienetui, turėjo neigiamą ryšį su amžiumi ir lytinės brandos stadija. Vaikų, sergančių epilepsija, cirkadinis melatonino sekrecijos ir ekskrecijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Morcillo, Parra María de los Ángeles. "Melatonin metabolism in yeast cells during alcoholic fermentation". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667681.
Pełny tekst źródłaLa melatonina es una indolamina que es producida por la levadura a partir del aminoácido triptófano durante la fermentación alcohólica. En esta tesis, estudiamos la producción de melatonina en mosto sintético en diferentes condiciones ambientales y nutricionales por las levaduras, así como el efecto de esta molécula bioactiva en la dinámica de poblaciones de una fermentación. Como resultados, observamos que la detección estaba desfasada entre la producción intracelular durante la fase de adaptación al medio y la secreción al medio extracelular durante la fase exponencial o estacionaria. Así mismo, la presencia de melatonina mejoraba el desarrollo de la fermentación y aumentaba la presencia de levaduras no-Saccharomyces a final de fermentación. Además, analizamos la interacción de esta molécula con proteínas durante la fermentación. Los resultados mostraron que la melatonina se unía a enzimas glucolíticas en levaduras que tenían una alta capacidad fermentativa, reforzando la idea de que la melatonina actuaría como una molécula señal durante la fermentación alcohólica. Finalmente, se optimizó un nuevo método de detección por fluorescencia utilizando una línea celular que presenta el receptor humano de melatonina en muestras procedentes de bebidas fermentadas. Los resultados mostraron que este nuevo método disminuye el límite de detección y es una buena alternativa en comparación con el método de detección de melatonina basado en cromatografía. Sin embargo, se necesita una extracción de la muestra para realizar el análisis de melatonina.
Melatonin is an indolamine, which is produced by yeast from the aromatic amino acid, tryptophan, during alcoholic fermentation. Here, we study the production of melatonin in synthetic must in different environmental and nutrition conditions by wine yeast species as well as the effect of this bioactive molecule on the fermentation performance. The results showed that the melatonin detection was delayed between intracellular production, which occurred during lag phase, and extracellular secretion, at the exponential or stationary phase. Additionally, melatonin presence improved fermentation performance and survival of non-Saccharomyces yeasts. We also studied melatonin interactions with proteins during fermentation. Consequently, we found that melatonin was bound to glycolytic enzymes and this interaction is related to yeasts with high fermentative capacity. This reinforces the idea of melatonin acting as a signal molecule during alcoholic fermentation. Finally, we optimized a novel fluorescence method, based on a cell line that presents the human melatonin receptor, in fermented samples. We observed that this new method decreased the limit of detection and was a good alternative in comparison with a chromatographic method, although, an extraction was needed for melatonin analysis.
游燕珍 i Yin-chun Mabel Yau. "Studies on melatonin receptors in guinea pig platelets and melatonin actions on human leukemic megakaryoblast MEG-01 cells". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242613.
Pełny tekst źródłaYau, Yin-chun Mabel. "Studies on melatonin receptors in guinea pig platelets and melatonin actions on human leukemic megakaryoblast MEG-01 cells". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23425039.
Pełny tekst źródłaParadkar, Kanchan. "Regulation of EMT6 cell growth by melatonin /". Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1966544111&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Pełny tekst źródłaPugazhenthi, Kamali, i n/a. "Melatonin : a new factor in wound healing". University of Otago. Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20081208.151313.
Pełny tekst źródłaWankiewicz, Ellen. "Localization of melatonin receptors in chick retina". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0028/MQ50464.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaKadva, Aban. "Melatonin and LH pulsatility in human reproduction". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272564.
Pełny tekst źródła裴中 i Zhong Pei. "Neuroprotection of melatonin in ischemic stroke models". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31243526.
Pełny tekst źródłaJames, Karenza. "Melatonin and its receptors in the eye". Thesis, University of Surrey, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336495.
Pełny tekst źródłaNicholson, Lauren. "The role of melatonin in peripartum cardiomyopathy". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3444.
Pełny tekst źródłaIncludes bibliographical references.
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a heart disease of unknown aetiology emerging in previously healthy women towards the end of pregnancy or first postpartum months. Previous studies have suggested that oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of PPCM. Melatonin is a powerful endogenous antioxidant that can limit the damaging effect of oxidative stress. Melatonin levels are known to be altered in sleep disruption, depression and other cardiac diseases. The aim of this study was to determine if melatonin levels are disrupted in women with PPCM compared to healthy patients. We hypothesised that sleep disruption and depression may contribute to a disruption in their melatonin levels.
Kunz, Dieter [Verfasser]. "Melatonin und Schlaf-Wach Regulation / Dieter Kunz". Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1023329107/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaParadkar, Kanchan Suhaschandra. "REGULATION OF EMT6 CELL GROWTH BY MELATONIN". OpenSIUC, 2009. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/144.
Pełny tekst źródłaEl, Hadi Abdelaali. "The impact of shearing and hormonal treatments (melatonin or cabergoline) in lactating dairy ewes". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671086.
Pełny tekst źródłaSe llevaron a cabo 3 experimentos para evaluar los efectos del esquileo o el tratamiento con hormonas (melatonina o cabergolina) sobre la lactación de 2 razas de ovejas lecheras (Lacaune, LC; Manchega, MN). En Exp. 1, se utilizó un total de 48 ovejas a mitad de lactación y en condiciones de invierno suave. Las ovejas se repartieron en 8 grupos equilibrados a los que se aplicaron los tratamientos (control sin esquileo, CO; esquileo, SH). Las respuestas al esquileo variaron según la raza, la temperatura rectal después del esquileo sólo disminuyó en las ovejas MN (‒0.36ºC). La ingestión aumentó un 5% en las LC-SH, en comparación con las LC-CO. La producción de leche de las ovejas LC-SH fue un 10% mayor que las LC-CO. No se observaron efectos en la composición de la leche ni en el perfil de ácidos grasos de la leche en ninguna de las razas, pero las ovejas LC-SH produjeron un 9% más de proteína. Además, no se detectaron efectos en la glucosa, NEFA, cortisol e insulina en sangre, así como en las reservas corporales de ninguna de las razas. En Exp. 2, se utilizaron 72 ovejas en el inicio de la lactación en condiciones de otoño que fueron estabuladas en 12 grupos equilibrados. Los tratamientos fueron: Control (CO), que no recibió ningún tratamiento, y Melatonina (MEL), que recibió 1 implante (18 mg/oveja) s.c. en la base de la oreja. No se detectaron efectos de MEL en la ingestión, producción o composición de la leche en ninguna de las razas. Los valores de MEL en plasma aumentaron en las ovejas tratadas con MEL de ambas razas, pero la PRL en plasma solo disminuyó en las MN. No se detectaron efectos de MEL en IGF-I en plasma ni en las reservas corporales de ninguna de las razas. En Exp. 3, se utilizaron un total de 30 ovejas en final de lactación en condiciones de primavera. Las ovejas se repartieron en 3 grupos equilibrados. Los tratamientos consistieron en 1 inyección i.m. de cabergolina, un antagonista de la dopamina, a diferentes dosis por oveja: baja (L, 0.56 mg), alta (H, 1.12 mg) y control (CO, 1 ml de solución salina). No se detectó reacción local en el lugar de la inyección, pero la producción de leche disminuyó rápidamente después del tratamiento en ambas razas (MN vs. LC, ‒54% vs. ‒27%) y el contenido de grasa y proteína de la leche aumentó de manera similar en ambas razas y en ambas dosis de cabergolina (23%, en promedio), en comparación con las ovejas CO. La PRL disminuyó drásticamente en las ovejas tratadas con cabergolina, en comparación con las ovejas CO. Sin embargo, en el día 14 de tratamiento, los valores de PRL rebotaron transitoriamente, siendo un 58% mayor en las ovejas tratadas con cabergolina que en las ovejas CO. El volumen de ubre fue similar para las ovejas tratadas con cabergolina, pero ambos valores fueron más bajos que los de las ovejas CO como resultado de la involución mamaria. En conclusión, el esquileo de ovejas lecheras durante la lactación en condiciones de invierno suave, es una opción de manejo adecuada que puede aumentar la ingestión y la producción de leche, sin efectos perjudiciales sobre la composición de la leche. El uso de implantes de MEL al inicio de la lactación y en condiciones de otoño no tiene efectos sobre la producción de ovejas lecheras. Por último, la inyección de cabergolina puede ser una herramienta útil para facilitar la disminución de la producción de leche por la inhibición de la secreción de PRL de las ovejas lecheras en el periodo de secado.
Three experiments were carried out in order to evaluate the lactational effects of shearing or treating with hormones (melatonin or cabergoline) in 2 breeds of dairy ewes (Lacaune, LC; Manchega, MN). In Exp. 1, a total of 48 ewes in mid-lactation were used under mild-winter conditions. Ewes were allocated in 8 balanced groups to which the experimental treatments (control unshorn, CO; shorn, SH) were applied. Responses to shearing varied according to breed, the rectal temperature after shearing only decreasing in MN ewes (‒0.36ºC). Feed intake increased 5% in the LC-SH, when compared to LC-CO, but did not vary in MN ewes. Milk yield of LC-SH ewes was 10% greater than LC-CO, but no differences were detected in MN ewes. No effects in milk composition, nor on milk fatty acid profile, were observed in either breed, but LC-SH yielded 9% more milk protein than LC-CO ewes. Moreover, no effects were detected in on plasmatic glucose, NEFA, cortisol and insulin, as well as in body reserves of either breed. In Exp. 2, a total of 72 dairy ewes in early-lactation under autumn conditions were penned indoors in 12 balanced groups. Treatments were: Control (CO), that did not receive any treatment, and Melatonin (MEL), that received 1 implant (18 mg/ewe) s.c. in the ear base. No MEL effects were detected on feed intake, milk yield and milk composition in either breed. MEL values in plasma showed a significant increase in the MEL-treated ewes of both breeds, but PRL in plasma only decreased in the MN ewes. No MEL effects were detected in plasmatic IGF-I and body reserves values of either breed throughout the experiment. In Exp. 3, a total of 30 ewes in late-lactation and managed as a single flock under spring conditions, were used. Ewes were allocated in 3 groups to which the treatment were assigned. Treatments consisted of a single i.m. injection of cabergoline, a dopamine antagonist, at different doses per ewe: low (L, 0.56 mg), high (H, 1.12 mg) and control (CO, 1 mL saline). No local reaction in the injection site was detected but milk yield fell rapidly after treatment in both breeds (MN vs. LC, ‒54% vs. ‒27%) and milk fat and protein contents increased similarly in both breeds and at both cabergoline doses (23%, on average), when compared to CO ewes. PRL decreased dramatically in the cabergoline treated ewes, when compared to CO ewes. Nevertheless, on d 14 of treatment, PRL values rebounded transitorily, being 58% greater in the cabergoline treated than in CO ewes. Udder volume was similar for the cabergoline treated ewes, but both values were lower than those of CO ewes as a result of mammary involution. In conclusion, shearing dairy ewes during lactation under mild-winter conditions, is a suitable management option that may increase feed intake and milk production, without deleterious effects on milk composition. The use of exogenous MEL implants in early-lactation and under autumn conditions has no effects on the lactational performances of dairy sheep in early lactation. Finally, cabergoline injection may be a useful tool to facilitate the decrease of milk production by inhibiting PRL secretion of dairy ewes at dry-off.
Southgate, Garrick Steven. "An investigation into the neuroprotective properties of melatonin". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003959.
Pełny tekst źródłaSantos, Eder Ferreira dos. "A influência dos espectros da luz em usuários residenciais". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16132/tde-05072017-110655/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study aims to introduce the reader to the influence of light on residential users, showing that the advancement of technologies throughout history and access to electric artificial lighting have provided greater comfort to the activities related to their homes. New technologies, more economically energetic, allowed access to greater amounts of light by users with different white light tones, allowing a wide choice, but may influence the production of the hormone melatonin, which regulates the biological clock, causing many disturbances. Fieldwork was carried out in residences, divided into two lines of reasoning, the first to be read in a sample of random households and the second based on a residence used as a model. However, in the latter case, the technologies employed were altered. In both cases measurements were taken in the living room in front of the television. These studies were based on the Circadian Stimulus method (Rea M.S., 2005, 2011), based on several laboratory studies, which demonstrated the influence of light on the production of melatonin, where it was used in the two adopted procedures. It is concluded that, although estimates of suppression levels found are low, technologies with higher color temperatures, meaning whiter lights, have higher inhibition rates and should be avoided, as well as the amounts of light practiced for residential environments must be carefully dimensioned. This work does not have a conclusive character but rather introduces a methodology that is still in the final phase of studies, but it can contribute to point out guidelines that have not been approached in the professional practice and are intended to guide end users
Ferreira, Danilo da Silva 1987. "Repercussão metabólica na prole adulta gerada à partir de mães com ausência de melatonina durante a gestação e lactação". [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309381.
Pełny tekst źródłaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T21:51:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferreira_DanilodaSilva_M.pdf: 1985537 bytes, checksum: f5ffd05c3c43f82bc05681d53ad9c12c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: É sabido que a exposição de ratas gestantes a retardos no início da fase clara diminui a secreção de melatonina, gerando intolerância à glicose na prole. No rato adulto, a melatonina exerce controle sobre aspectos circadianos do metabolismo. Esse controle ocorre por modulação da produção de insulina e supressão da gliconeogênese noturna. O presente trabalho busca analisar a importância da melatonina materna na programação metabólica da prole. Descobrimos que a prole originada de mães pinealeactomizadas (PINX-P1) desenvolveu resistência hepática à insulina com aumento de enzimas gliconeogênicas. Não houve alterações na sinalização da insulina na musculatura esquelética. As ilhotas isoladas do grupo PINX-P1 apresentaram uma diminuição na secreção de insulina frente ao estímulo com glicose. É importante ressaltar que os achados metabólicos ocorreram no final da fase clara, do ciclo claro/escuro, indicando que o grupo PINX-P1 apresentava uma intolerância à glicose tempo-dependente. O perfil metabólico da prole não sofreu alteração em mães pinealectomizadas que receberam reposição de melatonina durante a gestação e lactação Assim, os presentes achados apóiam a hipótese de que a melatonina materna durante a gestação é responsável pela programação metabólica da prole
Abstract: Phase shifts are known to decrease night time melatonin secretion and to elicit glucose intolerance in the offspring when applied to gestating rats. In the adult rat, melatonin plays an important role in the circadian control of metabolism by timing insulin action and suppressing nocturnal gluconeogenesis. The present study addresses, therefore, the importance of maternal melatonin for the programming of the metabolic status of the offspring. We found that rats born to and breast-fed by pinealectomized mothers (PINX-P1) were glucose intolerant displaying hepatic insulin resistance and increased gluconeogenesis. No parallel changes in insulin signal transmission were detected in skeletal muscle. Pancreatic islets isolated from PINX-P1 presented impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Importantly, these alterations were detected exclusively at the end of the light phase of the light/dark cycle, indicating that PINX-P1 rats exhibit time-dependent glucose intolerance. This altered pattern of daily energy metabolism was absent in the offspring of pinealectomized mothers that received melatonin replacement during pregnancy and lactation. The present results support the novel concept that maternal melatonin is responsible for the programming of the daily pattern of energy metabolism in the offspring
Mestrado
Farmacologia
Mestre em Farmacologia
Santos, Luciane Rogéria dos. "Expressão gênica de receptor de melatonina (Mel1) e melanopsinas (Opn4x e Opn4m) em melanóforos de Xenopus laevis". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41135/tde-09022011-104538/.
Pełny tekst źródłaMany ectothermic vertebrates adjust their body color to mimic the environment, through the pigment migration within chromatophores, regulated by neural and / or hormonal systems. These changes in color help in camouflage, thermoregulation, social communication and behaviors such as sexual arousal, agressiveness and fear. However, chromatophores of several species respond directly to light. Studies about light response in melanophores of Xenopus laevis have led to the discovery of the photopigment melanopsin, an opsin that is present in the retina of all vertebrate groups, including man. Various hormones may regulate the process of color change in vertebrates, among them melatonin, hormone secreted by the pineal gland. This is the main organ responsible for the integration of the neuroendocrine system of vertebrates to the environment, translating directly or indirectly the photoperiod information into hormonal signal, thus coordinating physiological circadian rhythms with the environment. The objectives of this work were: to investigate whether the gene expression of melanopsins and melatonin receptor in melanophores of Xenopus laevis exhibited temporal variation under different light conditions; to verify whether gene expression of melanopsins and melatonin receptor in melanophores of Xenopus laevis could be modulated by melatonin. Our data show that melanopsins in melanophores of Xenopus laevis are synchronized to light-dark cycles, expressing a robust ultradian rhythm with a period of 16h for Opn4m and circadian rhythm with a period of 25h for Opn4x. Interestingly, the rhythm was only observed when the melanophores were maintained in 12L: 12D regime and medium change was performed during the fotophase of photoperiod. The constancy in the expression of melatonin receptor Mel1c, either under different light regimes, or under treatment by melatonin, suggesting that this gene is extremely stable, not being altered by exogenous stimulus, and may be considered a constitutive gene. Treatment with melatonin for 6h during the fotophase of the photoperiod, drastically inhibit the expression of Opn4x and Opn4m, and abolished the rhythm of both melanopsins. Our results indicate that melanophores of Xenopus laevis possess a functional clock and can be characterized as peripheral clocks, but they need the light-dark cycle associated with change of medium to exhibit their synchronization.
Martins, Cássia Borges Lima Bulhões. "Expressão gênica temporal de Melanopsina (Opn4), Clock, Cry e Per e sua regulação por melatonina em células de Danio rerio". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41135/tde-13032008-144458/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe presence of melanopsin mRNA in ZEM-2S embryonic cells was determined through PCR, followed by sequencing. PCR experiments for melatonin receptors with ZEM-2S cell cDNA suggested the presence of the MT2 subtype. Bands corresponding to the expected weight for MT1 or Mel 1C were not identified. The identity of the MT2 receptor in ZEM-2S was confirmed through sequencing. We have also determined that the six Cry genes known in Danio rerio are expressed in ZEM-2S embryonic cells. When ZEM-2S cells were submitted to a light:dark (12L:12D) cycle, melanopsin expression presented two peaks, one at the beginning of the light phase (ZT3), the other at the beginning of the dark phase (ZT12). These peaks of expression remained when the cells were kept under constant darkness, and interestingly, a significant rise in expression was found in all ZTs when compared with the corresponding ZTs of cells kept under the light:dark cycle. Melanopsin did not exhibit a rhythmic expression in ZEM-2S cells in none of the conditions. However, there is a tendency of a rhythm in cells kept under 12L:12D, which disappears under constant darkness. Melatonin pulse seems to stimulate the expression during the subjective dark phase, but without any statistical significance. Clock mRNA did not present a rhythm in ZEM-2S cells kept either under 12L:12D, constant darkness or constant darkness with a melatonin pulse. However, there is a tendency of a rise in expression during the dark phase and during the subjective darkness, which is abolished by the melatonin pulse. Per 1 and Cry 1b mRNAs presented a robust rhythmicity in cells kept under 12L:12D. There is a significant rise three hours before the beginning of the light phase (ZT21), and sharp fall during the dark phase. Under constant darkness, Per1 and Cry1b rhythmicity, although present, was greatly attenuated. Melatonin pulse was not able to recover the amplitude observed under 12L:12D, moreover, it abolished rhythmicity of both genes. After melatonin pulse, Clock, Per1 and Cry1b genes in ZEM-2S cells lost the rhythmic expression, which still persisted under constant darkness. It is possible that 48 melatonin, as observed in other preparations, inhibits the phosphorylation of CREB in ZEM-2S cells, reducing the activation of the Clock genes promoters. Anyway, one could interpret that melatonin brings the Clock genes to the same level, therefore resetting the rhythm, independently of the phase. This study brings important contributions to the understanding of peripheral Clock physiology and opens new perspectives for future investigations of the underlying mechanisms of rhythms in isolated cells and their regulation by hormones and light.
Tamura, Eduardo Koji. ""Efeitos da melatonina sobre a produção de óxido nítrico em células endoteliais em cultura"". Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41135/tde-21032006-123617/.
Pełny tekst źródłaMelatonin, the hormone synthesized by the pineal gland at night, signalizes darkness and modulates, in a circadian basis, blood vessels activity. Previous studies suggest that endothelial cells are the target for circulating melatonin and mediate changes in vascular tone and leukocyte-endothelial adherence properties. Melatonin effects can be mediated by several pathways, such as G protein-coupled receptors (MT1 and MT2 receptors), a putative membrane receptor, most probably an enzyme-binding site (MT3 receptor), and several intracellular mechanisms, including calmodulin binding and inhibition of constitutive and induced nitric oxide synthase. The aim of the present study was to characterize melatonin effect on the production of nitric oxide by bradykinin-stimulated endothelial cells in culture. Nitric oxide production was measured in real time at cellular level by detecting fluorescent stimulation of the probe DAF by confocal microscopy. After determining the ideal conditions for recording cumulative dose-response curves for bradykinin (1 100 nM) the effect of pre-incubated (1 min) melatonin and analogs was evaluated. Melatonin and its precursor, N-acetylserotonin, but not the selective ligands for receptors MT2 (4P-PDOT) and MT3 (5-MCA-NAT) receptors inhibited bradykinin-stimulated nitric oxide production. This effect was not blocked by the classical antagonist of MT1 and MT2 receptors, luzindol; excluding therefore the participation of membrane receptors. Taking into account that melatonin inhibits calmodulin activation of several enzymes, including constitutive nitric oxide synthase in brain and cerebellum, it could be suggested a similar mechanism for endothelial cells. However, this hypothesis is discussed taking into account that N-acetylserotonin was shown to do not bind neural cells calmodulin. In addition, here we discuss the relevance of the present finding according to physiological and physiopathological roles of endothelial nitridergic system. This analysis point melatonin modulation of constitutive nitric oxide synthase activity as a putative mechanism for explaining melatonin control of vascular tone.
Marçola, Marina. "Efeito da melatonina endógena sobre a reatividade de células endoteliais ex vivo". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41135/tde-21092011-102851/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe endothelium is the vascular internal cellular layer, responsible for vascular homeostasis. Additionally, it regulates immune cells entrance during an inflammatory response. The endothelial layer is the focus of many studies due to its facility of culture expansion, but its biology is not yet totally understood. Because of its privileged localization, the endothelium is susceptible to plasma compounds changes. Melatonin, rhythmically produced by pineal gland and in a non rhythm way in others tissues, has citoprotector properties. Many studies have already shown that melatonin acts on endothelium as an anti-inflammatory mediator, through different mechanisms of action and concentrations ranges. Considering our work hypothesis, the immune-pineal axis, that suggests that the pineal gland and immune system are integrated through a bidirectional communication, melatonin rhythm production is inhibited during an injury, permitting the mounting of immune response independently of the hour of the day. This dissertation is based on the hypothesis that endothelial cells presents a rhythm in its machinery that alters the response intensity due to an inflammatory stimuli. We analyzed how LPS systemic treatment affects the melatonin nocturnal production, modulating the endothelial cells reactivity of microcirculation. We demonstrated that LPS treatment reduced plasma melatonin level and inhibited gene transcription of key enzyme, AA-NAT. On the periphery, LPS treatment increased endothelial cells reactivity independently of the hour of the day even after 18 days in culture. This effect was transient, once the parameters analyzed returned to basal levels when the treatment was done six hours before the death. Melatonin administrated together with LPS, reverted LPS effects on the endothelial cells, and also reduced plasma TNF concentration. Endothelial cells obtained from animal killed at nighttime are more activated than cells obtained from animals killed at daytime. Generally, the endothelial cells effects are inversely correlated with plasma melatonin level. These data suggests that endothelial cells have a \"cellular memory\", because they are capable to retain the information of donor animal state even after all culture proceedings. Additionally, we demonstrated the immune-pineal axis dynamics in vivo. All together, our results permit to conclude that melatonin primes the endothelial cells, modulating their reactivity according to the hour of the day and donor animal health.
Tamura, Eduardo Koji. "Efeito da melatonina sobre a produção endotelial de óxido nítrico in vitro e in vivo". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41135/tde-25032009-121836/.
Pełny tekst źródłaMelatonin, the darkness hormone, produced at night by the pineal gland, is also synthesized in a non-rhythmic manner by other cells. Pineal and extra-pineal melatonin reaches endothelial layer, and the understanding of its mechanism of action will improve the possibilities of using this indolamine and derivates as pharmacological tools. Here we showed that melatonin, in concentrations compatible to nocturnal melatonin surge impairs the activity of eNOS, while much higher concentrations, which can be attained by activated immune competent cells, impair the induction of iNOS synthesis. As a consequence of inhibiting eNOS we showed that melatonin inhibits vasodilation of the microcirculation induced by bradykinin. The inhibitory effect of melatonin is observed only when eNOS is activated by triggering G protein-coupled receptors (bradykinin B2, muscarinic and P2Y purine receptors). Activation of eNOS by calcium-channel operated receptors (P2X) is not blocked by melatonin. Inhibition of the transcription of iNOS results in inhibition of the LPS-induced vasodilation of rat aorta. As a matter of fact, here we show that LPS effect is dependent on the endothelial layer. The mechanism of action of melatonin in inhibiting iNOS transcription is due to block of the NF-kB pathway. Our work contributed to unravel the role of endothelium cells as targets for melatonin and as a key player in the \"immune-pineal axis\". The understanding of the concentrations ranges reached by endogenous production, i.e., the discrimination between the levels achieved during physiological and physiopathological responses, are essential for using these substances as analogous therapeutical tools.
Barsotti, Adriana Maria Giorgi. "Modulação dos níveis plasmáticos de corticosterona e imunocompetência em resposta ao tratamento exógeno com ACTH em Hypsiboas faber". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41135/tde-19032015-134658/.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn response for several stressors, the amphibian hypothalamus release the corticotrophin release hormone (CRH), which stimulates pituitary to release the adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the bloodstream. The ACTH, in your turn, acts in inter renal glands stimulating the glicocorticoids releasing, being the corticosterone the main glicocorticoid in anphibians. While the modulation exercised by the glicocorticoids of diverses physiological responses of the stress is fundamental for de maintainance of homeostasis in short period, the frequent and/or prolongued activation of the hypothamlamus pituitary interenal axis (HHI) could inhibit important process in long periods, as the reproduction and immunocompetence and affect melatonin synthesis acting directly in pineal gland. The objective of the present study was evaluate possible alterations in plasmatic corticosterone levels, testosterone, eyes melatonin levels, hematocrit and immunity aspects (Total count leucocytes and antimicrobian plasmatic capacity - against Escherichia coli) from males of the treefrog Hypsiboas faber in response to ACTH injection, as well, the temporal course of these responses. Blood and plasma samples were obtained from the 30 males captured in the field, whitin 3 minutes from the capture. The animals were transferred to the laboratory and, after two months, divided in six groups to be sampled in three different times 1 h, 3 h and 6 h after treatment. For each time one control group and one experimental group were added, receiving one injection of 105 μL of saline or ACTH solution (0,446 μg de ACTH/g of body mass (experimental group)). The ACTH treatment increase significantly the plasmatic corticosterone levels and decrease the plasmatic testosterone levels, as well, the eye melatonin levels after one hour. After six hours of the ACTH injection, occurred the increase of the hematocrit percentage and the eye melatonin levels. The ACTH treatment did not affect the immunity aspects studied in the sampling interval. The results confirm the role of the activation on the axis HHI in the inhibition of the testosterone secretion and in the modulation of melatonin secretion, althougth the possible immunomodutatory effects could happen in temporal intervals later
Pereira, Ricardo Zanuto. "A suplementação com melatonina promove melhora nas etapas iniciais da sinalização insulínica no hipotálamo, fígado, músculo esquelético e tecido adiposo em ratos velhos e obesos, precedendo a perda de peso". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42137/tde-09022010-102039/.
Pełny tekst źródłaMelatonin can negate several morphological and metabolic aged-induced changes. Although, this has been known for some time, the mechanism underlying melatonins actions are unclear. As suggested by some studies, a putative interaction between insulin and melatonin could be involved. In the present study, we have examined the regulation of the insulin signaling pathways by using immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting in hypothalamus, liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of aged rats chronically treated with melatonin. Melatonin treatment promoted increase in insulin sensitivity and a reduction of visceral fat. These modifications were accompanied by the increased phosphorylation of insulin signaling downstream compounds associated with food ingestion in hypothalamus, glucose homeostasis in liver and adipose tissue (e.g. IRS-1) and mitogenic action on insulin in skeletal muscle (e.g. ERK-1/2). These results indicate that, in aged rats, melatonin regulates insulin signaling downstream components in a tissue-specific manner.
Guerreiro, Sofia Isabel das Dores. "Utilização de implantes de melatonina na otimização da eficiência reprodutiva de uma exploração de ovinos". Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19702.
Pełny tekst źródłaO maneio reprodutivo numa exploração de ovinos de carne é essencial para uma produção contínua que assegure a oferta do produto (borrego), durante todo o ano, especialmente nas épocas de maior procura. Com este trabalho pretendeu demonstrar-se a importância da aplicação de tecnologia reprodutiva neste tipo de explorações, permitindo a otimização das mesmas. Com esse objetivo, foi aplicado um tratamento com implantes de melatonina a um grupo de animais de uma exploração de ovinos de carne em extensivo no Alentejo (Almodôvar), com separação dos machos e das fêmeas (para usufruir do efeito macho), e foram realizados diagnósticos de gestação ecográficos, de forma a haver um acompanhamento mais controlado dos animais. Inicialmente, foram recolhidos os dados acerca dos animais escolhidos e, depois, foi realizado um inquérito ao produtor, de forma a caracterizar a exploração antes de dar início ao tratamento. De seguida, o protocolo foi aplicado e, mais tarde, foram realizados diagnósticos de gestação ecográficos. Por fim, foram recolhidos os dados acerca da taxa de fertilidade, datas dos partos e prolificidade Verificou-se uma diferença de 21% entre os diagnósticos de gestação positivos e o número de partos ocorridos, o que sugere a ocorrência de perdas embrio-fetais, provavelmente devido à presença de uma doença endémica na exploração. A taxa de fertilidade foi de 73%, o que é ligeiramente inferior à registada noutros estudos semelhantes. A prolificidade também não atingiu os valores registados na bibliografia. Verificou-se, ainda, uma diferença significativa entre a média de idades das ovelhas que não pariram, que foi de 5 anos, e a das ovelhas paridas, que foi de 4 anos, o que permitiu concluir que a idade das fêmeas teve influência na taxa de conceção. As datas dos partos demonstraram que a conceção ocorreu maioritariamente entre 10 e 16 dias após a junção dos machos com as fêmeas, o que é sugestivo de que os animais tratados com melatonina respondem ao efeito macho mais precocemente, com início do ciclo éstrico, do que os animais não tratados. Em conclusão, os resultados obtidos não foram os esperados e, por isso, nem todos os objetivos propostos foram atingidos. O principal aspeto registado foram as perdas embrio-fetais, pelo que se sugere a realização de um estudo mais pormenorizado de caracterização sanitária da exploração e perfil reprodutivo dos animais que não pariram, de forma a encontrar a causa deste problema.
ABSTRACT - USE OF MELATONIN IMPLANTS ON THE REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY OPTIMIZATION IN AN EWE FARM - Reproductive management on a meat ewe farm is essential for a continuous production to ensure product supply (lamb) throughout the year, especially in times of highest demand. This work aimed to demonstrate the importance of the application of reproductive biotechnology in this type of farms, allowing its optimization. For this purpose, a treatment with melatonin implants was applied to a group of animals from a meat ewes production system, in Alentejo (Almodôvar), with separation of males and females (in order to employ the male effect), and pregnancy was determined by ultrasonographic examination to have a more controlled follow-up of the animals. Initial data was collected from the selected animals and then a survey was applied to the producer to characterize the farm before starting the treatment. Afterwards, the protocol was applied, and later pregnancy was determined by ultrasonographic examination. Finally, fertility rate, date of lambing and litter size data was collected. The number of ewes diagnosed as pregnant differed from the number of lambed ewes by 21%, which suggests embryo/fetal losses, probably due to the presence of an endemic disease on the farm. The fertility rate was 73%, which is slightly lower than in other similar studies. Neither did the litter sizes reach the values reported on literature. There was also a significant difference between the average age of lambed ewes (4 years) and no lambed ewes (5 years), which indicates that the age of the females influenced the conception rate. The lambing periods showed that ewes conceived within the first 10-16 days of the mating period, which suggests that treated animals had more ready response to male effect, with the start of an oestrous cycle earlier than untreated animals. Concluding, the obtained results weren’t expected, and not all objectives have been achieved. The embryo/fetal losses were the main recorded result, which asks for a more detailed study about sanitary characterisation and a reproductive profile for the animals that did not lambed, thus aiming to find a cause for this issue.
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