Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Medicine and sanitary affairs”
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1
Denisov, Leonid A. "The origin of Sanitary Affairs in Moscow". Hygiene and sanitation 101, nr 6 (30.06.2022): 719–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-6-719-724.
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The author of the article, on the basis of factual historical material, briefly talks about how the Moscow City Sanitary Organization was born in the years preceding the official date of the creation of the sanitary authorities of the young Soviet republic; about the difficult experience of becoming the founder of the sanitary business in Russian cities; about the huge anti-epidemic and general sanitary activities carried out by sanitary doctors.
2
Tsimkhes, I. "Field blood transfusion kit. V. Markovsky and V. Braitsev (Military Sanitary Affairs 1933, No. 4)". Kazan medical journal 29, nr 7 (12.01.2022): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj89758.
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Khabriev, R. U., Boris A. Spasennikov, L. F. Pertli i S. A. Kopytkin. "DEVELOPMENT OF PENITENTIARY HYGIENE AND SANITATION IN RUSSIA (END XVIII-EARLY XX CENTURY)". Hygiene and sanitation 96, nr 8 (27.03.2019): 789–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-8-789-792.
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The article considers the historical aspect of sanitary development in the domestic penitentiary system. In 1788, the Regulations on Prisons were adopted, in which the sanitary requirements of the penitentiary systems of European states were used. Since 1819, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire organized sanitary affair. This provided the conditions for the development of penitentiary sanitation. The legal basis for sanitation for prisoners was established in 1831. In 1850 in prison died 1598 criminals of a 980,000 who were in prison (0.16%). This is evidence of a good level of sanitation in Russia at this time. In 1879, the Chief Prison Directorate of the Russian Empire appointed an inspector for the sanitary unit. He developed sanitary measures and coordinated their implementation. The role of professor A.P. Dobroslavina is shown in the development of penitentiary hygiene and sanitation. The primary link of the domestic penitentiary system was the administration of prisons. According to the law of June 15, 1887, doctors and paramedics were assigned to them. They organized and conducted sanitary measures. Treatment of sick prisoners and sanitation was carried out at the expense of the state. It was revealed that more attention was paid to the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Normative sanitary acts in the penitentiary system must have mandatory for the administration of places of detention. For the purposes of sanitary and epidemiological well-being, it is not possible to subordinate medical workers to the prison director. This was provided for by the General Prison Regulations of 1915. But, unfortunately, has not been implemented so far. The authors believe that the time has come to implement this norm in practice.
4
Gurkina, N. K. "“The people have a positive attitude to medicine...” (Medical Inspectors in the Formation of Medical and Sanitary Affairs in the Provinces of Pre-Revolutionary Russia)". Administrative Consulting, nr 3 (30.04.2022): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2022-3-144-153.
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The problem of the history of public administration in the field of medicine and healthcare has never lost its relevance. The Health project has become one of the priority national projects of the last decade. The epidemic that began in 2020 has exacerbated many long-standing problems of Russian medicine: a shortage of medical personnel and medical institutions, insufficient material security of doctors, etc. As a result of the clumsily carried out “optimization” and contradictory actions during the epidemic, the level of confidence of the people and society in the activities of modern health care organizers has fallen. The topic of the state of health care, sanitary and epidemic safety, the role of the state in solving these pressing issues has firmly entered the public discourse, aroused interest in considering historical experience with all its achievements and losses. A significant place in the state administration of medicine and healthcare has always been occupied by specific people — government officials who have made a noticeable and real contribution to the development of health care.The management of medical and sanitary affairs in the provinces of the Russian Empire was carried out by medical inspectors (the position was established in 1865), as a rule, highly qualified doctors with extensive and diverse practical experience. The materials of the Russian State Historical Archive (St. Petersburg) and local archives allow us to make a typical portrait of this category of managers. In the funds of the Medical Department and the Main Medical Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, cases have been postponed in which the official activities and biographies of medical inspectors are characterized. The article examines the main activities of medical inspectors, assesses their contribution to the formation and development of healthcare and medicine in pre-revolutionary Russia. Along with the study of forms and methods of solving medical and sanitary-epidemic problems of the regions by inspectors, the personal qualities of the best managers, which have become the basis for the success of their activities, are also highlighted.
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Bobrishova, Liliya. "Administrative and legal basis of functioning of system of healthcare institutions of the Ministry of Interior as an element of medical provision of police". Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 1, nr 1 (29.03.2021): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2021-1-176-181.
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The study deals with the administrative and legal principles of the system of health care facilities at the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which are an element of medical care for employees of the National Police of Ukraine. It is noted that medical care for police officers is a component of such a common phenomenon as social security for law enforcement officers. It is noted that in the scientific work of researchers call social security also social protection, but the content of these definitions remains the same. It is emphasized that medical care is not limited to the system of medical measures carried out by the health authorities at the Ministry of Internal Affairs, it also includes the activities of governing bodies and departments of internal affairs, aimed at health or preventive measures among the staff and the elimination of harmful and health factors, and the Department of Health and Rehabilitation is implementing the state policy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the field of departmental health care. The definition of medical support of law enforcement agencies as a set of organizational, highly qualified forms and methods of medical care, logistics of treatment and prevention, sanitary and epidemiological and other measures, and social security of police is defined as a set of guarantees and legal norms that regulate the activities of police at the expense of the State in matters of social and material security of police in cases of disability, disability, retirement, detection of diseases related to professional duties or other circumstances, which are provided by special laws. The study provides a system of health care facilities at the Ministry of Internal Affairs according to the List of health care facilities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine approved by the Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (treatment and prevention facilities, sanitary prevention facilities, pharmaceutical facilities, medical commissions MIA).
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FATYKHOV, RENAT G., DILYA R. SULTANOVA, RASHID IL KHALITOV, VIKTOR V. FROLOV i NAIL B. AMIROV. "ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF DEPARTMENTAL MEDICINE OF THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN". Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine 15, nr 4 (sierpień 2022): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2022.15(4).7-11.
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Abstract. Introduction. The article reflects the results of the activities of the medical unit, as an institution in which the symbiosis of science and practice contributes to the fulfillment of tasks to preserve the health of employees of the internal affairs bodies. Attention is paid to the strategic goals of the institution and directions for improving the quality and accessibility of medical care. Aim. The purpose of the study is to present the achievements of the medical service of the Ministry of internal affairs in the Republic of Tatarstan and identify the primary tasks and our plans for the future, including the introduction of modern approaches to the organization of medical support for employees of internal affairs bodies. Material and methods. An analysis of the activities of the medical unit as a medical and preventive institution of a high level of medical care and the quality of medical care was carried out for the period from 2017 to 2022. Results and discussion. The implementation of various tasks in strengthening and maintaining the health of employees of the internal affairs bodies is carried out with the constant improvement of diagnostic and treatment methods, timely updating of equipment, close interaction with the departments of higher medical educational institutions, whose leading employees and teachers use the latest achievements of research activities in their work. Conclusion. The medical and sanitary unit of the Ministry of internal affairs for the Republic of Tatarstan continues to fulfill the tasks assigned to it, as a result of effective leadership, continuous improvement and continuous work to improve the availability and quality of medical care.
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Denisov, Leonid A. "The history of Sanitary Supervision of Moscow in 1925–1954". Hygiene and sanitation 101, nr 7 (31.07.2022): 831–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-7-831-836.
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The article is devoted to the activities of Sanitary Supervision in Moscow during the difficult years of Soviet power (1925-1954). By the beginning of this period, the Moscow Municipal Sanitary Organization already had 40 years of experience, but the new time required new skills and new approaches from sanitary doctors. On the basis of factual material, the author reveals the forgotten pages of the history of Sanitary Affairs: how the Criminal Procedure Code of the RSFSR turned Sanitary Supervision bodies (sanitary doctors) into bodies of inquiry; how in the twenties sanitary doctors assisted the Moscow Council in its struggle for the improvement of the city; how in the thirties the process of formation of the state sanitary inspection took place; how the service participated in preventive Sanitary Supervision during the first five-year plans, when there was a huge gain in industrial production in the capital and the General Plan for the reconstruction of Moscow was implemented; how the sanitary and epidemiological service was created in the pre-war years; what difficult work did sanitary doctors have to do during the Second World War to ensure sanitary and hygienic conditions for contingents moving to evacuation and to carry out preventive measures against the occurrence of parasitic typhus and gastrointestinal diseases; how did they have to conduct sanitary control over the cleaning of the city in conditions of limited transport and maintenance personnel and carrying out new non-removal methods of cleaning the city; how was control over the work of baths, sanitary dispensaries, laundries, equipment and operation of bomb and gas shelters ensured. The final part of the article shows the process of reforming the sanitary service of the capital in the post-war years, which was fully completed only by the mid-fifties of the twentieth century.
8
Tsimkhes, I. "Pine resin skin glue - "pinol" N. Chistyakov (Military sanitary affairs. 1933, No. 1)". Kazan medical journal 29, nr 7 (12.01.2022): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj89755.
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For exemption from imported varieties of leather glue, ed. suggests using pine resinous skin glue of the following composition: pine (spruce) resin and ether equally 100, O and 1 / o linseed or some other vegetable oil. This glue adheres perfectly due to the dissolution of the resin in the air, dries in 15-20 seconds, surpassing the speed of drying mastisol (30 seconds) and cleol (more than 1 m).
9
Tsimkhes, I. "Sphagnus (peat moss) in surgery. S. A. Novotelnov (Military sanitary affairs, 1933, No. 2-3)". Kazan medical journal 29, nr 7 (12.01.2022): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj89756.
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SA Novotelnov (Military-sanitary affairs, 1933, No. 2-3) sets out the history of the use of sphagnum in surgery and reminds of his excellent suction abilities. Due to the richness of our country in peat bogs, on which soft fluffy sphagnum grows, the latter is especially suitable in wartime, when a huge amount of suction and lining material is required to treat wounds and at the same time there is a shortage of dressings.
10
Egorysheva, I. V., i E. V. Sherstneva. "Significant and memorable dates of the sanitary case of 2022". Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Doctor), nr 1 (2022): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-08-2201-08.
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The staff of the Department of the History of Medicine of the N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health has prepared a list and description of significant and memorable dates of sanitary affairs, timed to 2022. The material is presented in three sections: «historical and medical events», «publication of works» and «personalities». The main historical and medical event of 2022 is the centenary of the publication of the Decree of the Council of People’s Commissars of the RSFSR «On sanitary authorities of the Republic» (1922, September 15). The publication of the Decree is considered the starting point of the modern history of the state sanitary and epidemiological service, the prototype of which originated in pre-revolutionary Russia. Of particular interest are scientific works published 150–250 years ago and devoted to the current problems of hygiene and epidemiology at that stage — air quality, prevention of workers’ diseases, treatment and anti-epidemic measures for the plague, the state of the Crimean army in the campaign of 1854–1856. The section «personalities» contains a list of round dates from the birth and death of prominent figures in the field of hygiene and a description of the main milestones of their lives and activities.
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Tarabara, Dmitry Olegovich. "G. E. Rein's Healthcare Reform Project: Missed Opportunities for Modernization of the Russian Empire 1906-1917." Genesis: исторические исследования, nr 1 (styczeń 2024): 92–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2024.1.40765.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the most ambitious and promising project of the reform of medical and sanitary legislation developed by the central government of the Russian Empire in 1906-1917. The measures proposed by the reformers to optimize health care management, modernize medical and sanitary legislation and provide the population with public medical care are considered; special emphasis is placed on ensuring a balance of interests of state authorities and local self-government bodies. The object of the study is the healthcare system of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the twentieth century, the subject is the corpus of bills in the field of medical law developed by the Interdepartmental Commission for the Revision of Medical and Sanitary Legislation, as well as the Ministry of Internal Affairs under the Office of the Chief Medical Inspector. The author used traditional methods for historical and legal research: analysis, synthesis, systematic approach, formal legal and statistical. The conclusions are drawn that the reform project under study corresponded to the trends of the development of Russian statehood and pan-European trends in medicine policy, was adequate to the needs of domestic healthcare of the period under review, and also sought to take into account, if possible, the long-standing traditions of Russian public medicine. The reasons for the failure of the reform are primarily associated with subjective political factors, rather than with its internal shortcomings. The results of the study allow us to correct the traditional historiographical approaches to public health policy in the early twentieth century and to the relationship between state authorities and local self-government in the inter-revolutionary period.
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Nagornykh, O. S., i N. P. Shok. "The Cholera Epidemic in the Border Territories of the Far East in the Early 20th Century". Modern History of Russia 14, nr 1 (2024): 144–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2024.109.
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As a rule, the epidemics that took place on the Russian territory in the first quarter of the 20th century were a part of the world epidemics that covered significant territories. Based on the materials of local newspapers, the reaction of the population towards current events and government actions is traced. The abundance of information and the range of periodicals which enable to trace the dynamic development of epidemics, statistics of diseases and public opinion about current events and activities is highlighted. The relevance of the topic is due, among other things, to the appeal to the socio-historical perspective of the problem of the mutual influence of power and society in extreme conditions on the example of the aggravation of epidemiological situation in the Far East during the period under review. Based on the archives introduced into scientific circulation, the management of sanitary affairs, historical aspects of the formation of the sanitary and epidemiological service, the implementation of measures to prevent and combat diseases are studied. The experience of Russian physicians in the fight against epidemics in the border territories is analyzed. From the point of view of the history of science the study of peripheral spaces having economic, cultural, strategic, and political forms is necessary for a historically reliable reconstruction of the policy of both the territory ready for epidemic challenges and the state. It is concluded that the analyzed epidemics have become a catalyst for changes in the concepts and practice of medicine, have changed the role of public health in the border areas. An important role in the fight against infectious diseases in the border territories of the Far East was played by the agitation activities of sanitary and epidemiological services, as well as sanitary, epidemiological and preventive measures.
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Los, L. I. "Society of Physicians at Kazan University. Hygienic section. Meeting 8/X 1929; meeting 22/X 1929". Kazan medical journal 25, nr 11 (29.10.2021): 1244–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj80604.
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Prof. V.V. Miloslavsky. On the issue of training doctors in sanitary-prophylactic affairs. Analyzing the causes of the current crisis in sanitary organization, the speaker came to the following conclusions. 1. We do not have a specific cadre of sanitary workers and are forced to often fill the ranks of sanitation with random material. 2. The crisis of sanitary organization depends primarily on the fact that the medical faculty cannot, within the limits of its curriculum, give two guidelines to future doctors the setting of prevention and the doctor, since an in-depth study of preventive disciplines requires special training. 3. More than 1/3 of the time according to the curriculum of the medical faculty is devoted to clinical subjects, and only 1/10 to prophylactic subjects. There is little reason for a young doctor to turn from a medical to a preventive path, especially since the student will not actually give this tithe to prevention, and, on the contrary, devotes much more time to clinics than is indicated in the curriculum. In the proposed curriculum of the professional faculty, 1/10 of the preventive disciplines is also allocated, the same is allocated to the clinic, but a number of disciplines are introduced that help to better assimilate the preventive sciences and, of course, this 1/10 will be fully used. The lack of practical training in preventive disciplines will be filled up during the 6th year internship. 4. The only correct solution to the problem of training a cadre of sanitary and professional workers is to organize a preventive faculty with a special program that has the task of developing a preventive doctor, from the 1st year of training to accustom him to preventive thinking, equip him with all the knowledge to achieve a single goal of improving the team's health - Debate: doctors Mendelssohn, Trotsky, Schwartz, Mukhamedyarov, Mekhonoshin, Kondakov and prof. Gran.
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Kachanova, N. A. "Peculiarities of Medical Evacuation of Patients under Conditions of Temporary Restrictions of Civil Aviation Flights, Including from Abroad, at the Federal Level". Disaster Medicine, nr 4 (grudzień 2022): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33266/2070-1004-2022-4-53-57.
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Summary. The aim of the study is to analyze and to substantiate alternative ways of solving problematic issues of medical evacuation of patients and casualties in conditions of temporary restriction of civil aviation flights. Materials and research methods. Materials of the study: practical experience of the specialists of the Center of sanitary aviation and emergency medical care of “Zashchita” Disaster Medicine Center of Federal Medical Biophysical Center named after A.I.Burnazyan of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, as well as LLC “Medaero-Service”; statistical data on the field work of teams of the Center of sanitary aviation and emergency medical care on medical evacuation of patients from closed airspace areas; data from the official websites of the Federal Air Transport Agency, of Government and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, of Border Service, of Federal Tourism Agency, and assistance companies; electronic database of regulatory legal documents. Research methods: analytical, method of direct observation, comparison, description. Results of the study and their analysis. Results of the study, characterizing the problematic issues of medical evacuation of patients and victims in conditions of temporary restriction of civil aviation flights regime, are presented. The main ways of optimization of medical evacuation of patients and victims at the federal level during the period of air traffic limitation have been suggested and substantiated.
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T.K., Allaniyazov, i Saktaganova Z.G. "Children's institutions in Karlag". Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series 109, nr 1 (30.03.2023): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2023hph1/127-143.
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The article discusses key aspects of the history of children's institutions and, first of all, children's homes, in the Karaganda СLС (Correctional labor camp) of the PCIA (People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs) of the USSR. The organizational and legal bases of the formation of the children's contingent in the Gulag camps have been revealed and characterized. Organization, structure and location of children's institutions in Karlag were determined. The number, composition and movement of the children's contingent, the nature and content of food and material provision, housing and living conditions, as well as medical and sanitary care and child mortality were covered. The causes and scale of child mortality were evealed and characterized. The dynamics of the number of children's institutions in Karlage were demonstrated. Quantitative and qualitative parameters of children's nutrition and food allowance were considered. The extremely low level of material and technical supply and the weak arrangement of homes for babies, the lack of caregivers and the lack of medical and sanitary services were emphasized. A wise assessment of the character and content of the daily practice of the functioning of the child's home was given. The opinions about the consequences for the Soviet society of the results of the “education” of children in children's homes were expressed
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Vlasova, Anna I. "ORGANIZATION AND PROVISION OF MEDICAL AND MEDICAL ASSISTANCE TO PEASANTS-MIGRANTS OF AKMOLINSKII AND SEMIPALATINSKII REGIONS OF THE STEPPE TERRITORY (80 YEARS OF THE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURY)". Society and Security Insights 3, nr 4 (29.12.2020): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/ssi(2020)4-09.
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Based on a wide range of sources, the article analyzes the process of organizing and providing medical care to peasant migrants in the Akmolinski and Semipalatinskii regions of the Steppe Territory of the Russian Empire. It is noted that in the 80s XIX century at the legislative level it has been adjusted peasant resettlement process in the Asian part of the country, which greatly increased the migratory flows. The organization and control over the resettlement were entrusted to the Resettlement Administration, which was specially created in 1896 under the Ministry of Internal Affairs. It was revealed that one of the central tasks of its work was the organization of medical and sanitary assistance to displaced persons on the way to the places of expulsion. The practical implementation of the task found expression in the creation of special medical and sanitary points at railway stations, where the trains, which transported the migrants, stopped. Such trains were provided with medical personnel, medicines and medical equipment. In the resettlement distribution points where the settlers arrived, medical and nutritional centers were created. This centers providing medical assistance to the newcomers, providing hot meals and clean water. It is emphasized that in the process of organizing and operating the medical and nutritional centers, the Resettlement Administration had to face a number of problems, the main of which was the lack of medical personnel. Nevertheless, thanks to the established medical and sanitary service and the professional activity of medical personnel, the Resettlement Administration managed to bring the epidemiological situation under control and reduce the percentage of mortality among the migrants on their way to the places of exclusion.
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Petrov, A. V., i D. A. Donika. "ETHICAL AND LEGAL PROBLEMS CAUSED BY COVID-19 PANDEMIC". Bioethics 26, nr 2 (2.11.2020): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/2070-1586-2020-2(26)-29-32.
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In the article these are considered ethical and legal problems caused by the ongoing pandemic of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). New challenges for health care, economy, education not only revealed rather a high level of stability and mobility, but also showed a poor readiness of response to sudden risks, which had a certain impact on all spheres of life of the whole society. The authors have conducted a brief cross-cultural analysis of the issue basing on data quoted by the international network of UNESCO chairs in bioethics, sessions of the Bioethics Committee within the RF Commission on UNESCO affairs, as well as official open sources of the health care system and judicial sphere of the Russian Federation. Strong reciprocal link of legal risks in the interdisciplinary field of medicine and law are made discernable: on the one hand, introduction of sanitary and hygienic regulations (using of personal protection gear, sanitary processing, maintaining social distance, etc.) are aimed at the realization of the right of protecting the health, while on the other hand they represent a violation of basic human rights. Besides the theoretical approach to the problem of the observance of the constitutional rights of citizens in the pandemic conditions there exists a real threat of their violation due to absence of special mechanisms of their realization in frames of sanitary and hygienic measures with regard to the vulnerable and socially disadvantaged sections in the society. It is made conclusion about necessity of the international collaboration for the purpose of joint decision-making and action in the sphere of health care taking into account an international character of ethical and legal challenges triggered by COVID-19 pandemic, as well as national, economic, cultural and confessional peculiarities.
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&NA;. "Study of a sanitary crisis: the ???Coca Cola??? affair". European Journal of Emergency Medicine 8, nr 1 (marzec 2001): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00063110-200103000-00025.
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NGALAMULUME, KALALA. "KEEPING THE CITY TOTALLY CLEAN: YELLOW FEVER AND THE POLITICS OF PREVENTION IN COLONIAL SAINT-LOUIS-DU-SÉNÉGAL, 1850–1914". Journal of African History 45, nr 2 (lipiec 2004): 183–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853703008636.
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This article explores the ways in which French colonial authorities met the life and death challenge represented by the re-emergence of yellow fever epidemics in Saint-Louis-du-Sénégal at a time when physicians knew very little about the etiology, diagnosis, transmission and treatment of most infectious and parasitic diseases. The discussion focuses on changing strategies and policies designed to address yellow fever threats, the attitudes and priorities of the authorities, the limits of ‘colonial medicine’ and the responses of people affected by sanitary measures. The article argues that because of the ignorance of the etiology and epidemiology of yellow fever, policies were misdirected and did not achieve their primary goals. Even after the introduction of germ theory, the gap between medical thinking and practice persisted for another decade. The African urban working class and underclass were the first victims of this state of affairs. The article also examines the conflict between the interests of public health, commerce and privacy rights.
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Tsimkhes, I. "On the fight against wound infections of fresh wounds in wartime. A. Gusev (Military-sanitary affairs, 1933, No. 4)". Kazan medical journal 29, nr 7 (12.01.2022): 600–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj89759.
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A. Gusev (Military Sanitary Affairs, 1933, No. 4) examines methods of combating wound infections of fresh wounds on the basis of the experience of the world and civil wars, as well as from the experience of peacetime. The main idea of the surgeon is to turn the infected wound into a clean, operational wound, which is achieved by excision of the wound on the first day. The question of primary excision of wounds is now generally accepted. This operation should mainly be carried out on the G. P. M. Conditions that prevent the use of this method differ externally, depending on the environment, internal, depending on the nature of the wound itself. For open treatment of wounds, thorough disinfection of the skin with tincture of iodine or tinted with fuchsin 5% alcohol-tannin according to Zabludovsky, or an aqueous solution of tannin, solutions of aniline dyes, etc. is necessary.
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Shostak, Petr G., Oksana I. Rubanova, Andrey V. Lavrent'ev i Galina I. Tikhonova. "The influence of medical examinations on the structure of oncological pathology of employees in the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia, Kaliningrad region)". Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 63, nr 1 (29.01.2023): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2023-63-1-25-30.
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Introduction. Oncological diseases occupy the second place among the causes of mortality of the Russian population. In the age structure of the morbidity of the male and female population, the differences appear clearly after 30 years. The proportion of malignant neoplasms at the age of 30-49 years in the group of diseased women is higher than in the group of diseased men. This is the largest age group of active employees of the internal affairs bodies who have the necessary knowledge and skills to perform official duties, which determines the relevance of the study. The study aims to assess the relationship between the quality and completeness of medical examinations with the structure of the incidence of malignant neoplasms of current employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Kaliningrad region. Materials and methods. The researchers have analyzed the accounting form No. 025/u (medical card of a patient receiving medical care on an outpatient basis) of patients with identified oncopathology for nine years (2013-2021). During this period, the Medical and Sanitary unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Kaliningrad region registered forty two cases of oncological diseases of active employees of the internal affairs bodies. Only a group of active employees were analyzed at the time of cancer detection. Results. The study group consisted of twenty men and twenty two women. The average age of the patients is 42.6 years. Malignant neoplasms of the genitourinary sphere dominate among male employees (35%), among female employees - tumors of the reproductive system (68.2%). Moreover, in 63.6% of cases, tumors of the reproductive system of female employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Kaliningrad region are represented by breast cancer. Cases of cervical and uterine body cancer during the study period (2013-2021) were not detected in female employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Kaliningrad region. Limitations. The data on the number of employees of the organization are closed, so the article presents only equity indicators. Conclusion. Medical examination by military medical commissions of citizens entering the service of the internal affairs bodies allows the selection of mostly healthy people. The annual passage of preventive medical examinations, as the duty of current employees of the internal affairs bodies, ensures the observation and timely treatment of detected diseases, which helps to reduce the frequency of development of a number of forms of malignant neoplasms and changes the structure of cancer incidence. At the same time, there is a malignant pathology (breast cancer) in female employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Kaliningrad region, the frequency of formation of which cannot be reduced by the implementation of this algorithm, which forces us to resort to additional measures. Ethics. The study was conducted in compliance with medical secrecy.
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Utochkin, Yu A., A. A. Chetina i N. V. Ovchinnikova. "Ivan Vasilyevich Protasov — a guide of the sanitary direction of health care in Perm province (to the 255th anniversary)". Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Doctor), nr 1 (19.01.2024): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-08-2401-08.
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This article is dedicated to the 255th anniversary of the birth of Protasov Ivan Vasilyevich — a zemstvo doctor, public figure, professor. The life of I. V. Protasov, a remarkable doctor of the late 18th century, is closely connected with the Urals, where, in addition to the diverse practical work of a county doctor, he was also engaged in scientific research. Here, his practical and scientific activities were most clearly manifested, in which he continued to develop the materialistic traditions in science, laid down by M. V. Lomonosov and such prominent representatives of medical science as S. G. Zybelin, D. S. Samoilovich, N. M. Maksimovich — Ambodik and others. In 1788, after completing his studies at the St. Petersburg land hospital, he served as an assistant doctor in the fleet, then, after passing the exam, as a regimental doctor in a dragoon regiment. Already at that time, while still a young doctor, Protasov understood that the main duty of a doctor is to prevent diseases, and that is why he deeply studies the causes of diseases and seeks to develop preventive measures to prevent the most common diseases among soldiers. From the first steps of his medical activity, I. V. Protasov sought to generalize his practical experience. The whole subsequent life of Ivan Vasilyevich Protasov was associated with medical activities in the Perm province, where he showed himself as an active public figure — he represented the governing body of the provincial health care. True to his preventive principles, he not only treats the population, but also studies in depth the conditions of his life, the incidence of the population and the causes of this incidence. Under the leadership of I. V. Protasov, scientific works on disease prevention, sanitary affairs and the history of medicine were published.
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Gupta, Sandeep Kumar, Svitalana Ilinich i V. Noah. "AN ASSESSMENT OF CHENNAI PORT CUSTOMS CLEARANCE OPERATIONS". ECONOMICS, FINANCE AND MANAGEMENT REVIEW, nr 2 (30.06.2023): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36690/2674-5208-2023-2-31-50.
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Customs clearance is a necessary procedure before goods can be imported or exported internationally. If a shipment is cleared, then the shipper will provide documentation confirming customs duties that are paid and the shipment can be processed. The purpose of the article is to study the custom clearance operations in Chennai: to study the challenges faced in the custom clearance; to study the process flow of custom clearance; to study the documents required in the custom clearance. The research design undertaken in this article of descriptive in nature, since it provides a description of the state of affairs as its exists in the organization at performance management. The sample size taken for the study is 100. The instrument used in the present study is Questionnaire. Pilot study were done to test the questions and to make some modifications in the questionnaire. The study concentrated through the analysis of tabulation, comparative percentage, bar diagrams, Chi-square test is used in the appropriate places. Most common customs-related problems are: Misclassification; Duties higher than anticipated; Customs office won't clear the shipment to your buyer/importer; Customs office invoking health, sanitary, or safety issues; Labeling issues involving a certificate of origin, weight, ingredients, marks, etc.; Inadequate documentation provided by the exporter; Issues involving the import or packing regulations of the receiving country. The Present Value of Import duty.
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Kabardiev, Sadrutdin Sh, Anatoly M. Bittirov, Ayub Yu Aliev i Zurab T. Gogushev. "Echinococcosis of animals and humans as a socially dangerous problem in a densely populated subject of the North Caucasus". Hygiene and sanitation 102, nr 1 (15.02.2023): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-1-34-39.
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Introduction. Echinococcosis in animals and humans as a zoonotic infestation on the global scale has a tendency to increase the quantitative parameters of morbidity. Among naturally occurring parasitic diseases in animals and humans, human and animal echinococcosis has acquired the status of epizootic, epidemiological, sanitary and hygienic infectious and socially dangerous nosological entity, including in the densely populated North Caucasus region (Karachaevo-Cherkessia Republic). In the south of the Russian Federation with favourable temperature and humidity conditions, echinococcosis invasion occurs in more than 60 species of animals and humans. In addition, echinococcosis in dogs and wild carnivores has also become the main sanitary threat for the regions. In the Russian Federation, the echinococcosis in sheep, goats, buffalo, and cattle in regions with warm and moderate temperatures has resulted in the 1.5-2.0-fold decrease in the survival of livestock and the realization of the biological potential of all types of productivity. Materials and methods. The analysis of animal and population morbidity with echinococcosis in the subject of the Russian Federation (Karachay-Cherkessia Republic) in 2012-2020 was carried out on the base of summarizing the reports of regional divisions of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing, veterinary clinics, and sections of the Veterinary Department of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. The diagnostic methods generally accepted in medical and veterinary parasitology (coproscopy, helminthoscopy, native smear method, Demidov and Fülleborn methods) with respect to fecal and soil samples and complete helminthological dissection of animal organs according to K.I. Skryabin (1928) served as the methodological base. The basic epidemiological and epizootological data of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing and the Departments of Veterinary Affairs of the RF subject (Karachaevo-Cherkesskaya Republic) concerning the distribution of echinococcosis among animals and humans (frequency index) and the sanitary contamination of soils with eggs of the tenid type, including cestode Echinococcus granulosus were statistically processed using the Biometrics software. Results. Karachay-Cherkessia Republic belongs to the unfavourable regions of the Russian Federation by echinococcosis of flesh-eating and ruminant animals. The occurrence index of echinococcosis in wolves from 2012 to 2020 increased from 38.4% to 68.5%, in domestic dogs - from 73.6% to 100%; jackals - from 46.9% to 90.8%. In the plain zone the index of occurrence of echinococcosis in goats is characterized by an increase from 8.6% to 23.4%; in the foothill zone from 11,7% to 25,2%; in the mountain zone - from 6.9% to 20.6%, which represents an epizootic risk for livestock due to insufficient measures on dogs deworming. In the plain zone from 2012 till 2020 the indices of cystic echinococcosis in sheep also show increase from 10.8% to 26.10%; in the foothill zone from 13.3% to 31.5%; in the mountain zone from 8,5% to 23.2%. In Karachay-Cherkessia from 2012 to 2020 the incidence of cystic echinococcosis in plain, foothill and mountain settlements decreases manifold. The number of people with echinococcosis decreased from 6 to 1 in total (6.0 times), which indicates an improvement of the epidemic situation in the region due to the program-targeted management measures against the dangerous zoonosis, which was based on improving the hygienic and sanitary culture of the population. Soil samples from different infrastructures, taken for the study, in 100% of cases were inseminated with eggs of the tenid type, including cestode Echinococcus granulosus, which indicates a high level of contamination in urban and rural objects. This situation may further lead to the spread of cystic echinococcosis in intermediate hosts, including humans. Data on the contamination in the urban and rural infrastructure of Karachay-Cherkessia by Tenidae eggs were obtained for the first time. Conclusion. The material on population incidence of echinococcosis and in various animals according to materials of supervising bodies and own researches is summarized. The occurrence of cestode eggs in soil has been proved, as the authors cite the results of their own studies, which are given in the text. Karachay-Cherkessia Republic belongs to the unfavourable regions of the Russian Federation for echinococcosis of carnivores and ruminants, which is indicated by a 2.2-3.0-fold gain in the index of infestation due to poor implementation of measures for dehelminthization in dogs. At the same time, the incidence of cystic echinococcosis in the plain, foothill and mountain settlements decreased by multiples. The number of ill people decreased from 6 to 1 (6 times), which indicates an improvement of the epidemic situation due to the program-targeted management of measures to combat zoonosis and improve the sanitary and hygienic culture of the population. At the same time, the soils of urban and rural sites were found to be infested with tenid eggs in 100% of cases. The percentage of soil samples with viable tenid eggs was high and varied in urban soils from 58,7±4,26% to 83,0±6,90%, and in rural soils from 82.4±7.13% to 88.3±7.59%, which can lead to wide spread of echinococcosis in intermediate hosts, including humans. Practical measures to reduce the epidemiological and sanitary and hygienic problems of echinococcosis in animals and humans can be solved only on the base of complete coverage in dog population with deworming treatment using effective means, sanitary permissible regulation of wild carnivores and activation of veterinary surveillance bodies.
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Blebea, Nicoleta, i Gabriela Mitea. "Financial management of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus in Romania". Technium Business and Management 2, nr 2 (21.06.2022): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/business.v2i2.6856.
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In this article, we highlight comprehensive and up-to-date information on the analysis of the central public administration that addresses how the authorities, institutions and central public entities with responsibilities in preventing and combating the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania have used public funds allocated in this purpose.
Romania has accepted the decrease of budget revenues, through a series of fiscal measures and by diminishing the income-generating economic activities. The budgets of some main authorizing officers with special attributions during the state of emergency were supplemented, namely: the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection; Ministry of Health; Ministry of Public Finance; Ministry of Public Works, Development and Administration; Ministry of Interior; Ministry of Transport, Infrastructure and Communications; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development; Public ministry; National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority; Special Telecommunications Service; Romanian Information Service; Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Romanian Academy. In order to implement measures to prevent and combat the pandemic, as well as to manage the state of emergency, a series of resources were mobilized, in addition to donations and sponsorships, received by public institutions from the central public administration during the state of emergency. At the same time, for the local government component, the data are structured in such a way as to reflect the tasks and tasks of local authorities in preventing and combating the pandemic, but also the findings on resource management used for this purpose, segmented into the following areas: medical assistance (medical equipment, medicines, sanitary materials, salary rights, etc.); expenses incurred in establishing the quarantine; disinfection costs imposed by measures to prevent and combat the epidemic; Other expenditure due to the need to take measures to prevent and combat the epidemic. The Government of Romania has adopted an emergency ordinance for the organization and conduct of public information campaigns in the context of the epidemiological situation caused by the spread of COVID-19, in order to raise awareness of the risks of disease and increase voluntary compliance with health and social regulations imposed by competent authorities, in order to limit the spread of the virus after the end of the state of emergency. Audiovisual and printed materials that will be broadcast in public information campaigns, such as audio and video spots, online banners, print mock-ups, mock-ups for billboards, will be created and produced centrally by a creative structure in which specific professional associations can delegate members. from several volunteer and / or paid agencies.
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Andreev, Alexander Alekseevich, i Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. "Sergey Sergeyevich YUDIN - Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (to the 130th of birthday)". Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 14, nr 3 (20.08.2021): 250–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2021-14-3-250-251.
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Sergey Sergeevich was born in 1891. He graduated from the medical faculty of Moscow University. He served as an ordinary doctor, head of a sanitary detachment, a doctor of an infantry regiment, a surgical infirmary, a surgical department of the Tula Zemsky hospital, the Zakharino sanatorium near Moscow, a factory hospital in Serpukhov. From 1925 to 1927, S. S. Yudin worked as a private assistant professor, since 1928-head of the surgical department of the N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine. In 1930, he first performed a transfusion of fibrinolysis blood to a person. During the Great Patriotic War, he was a senior consultant inspector at the Chief surgeon of the Soviet Army, N. N. Burdenko. In 1948, he was awarded the State Prize and arrested as an "enemy of the Soviet state". During his stay in prison (1948-1952), Sergey Sergeevich, despite having suffered another heart attack, writes a book "Reflections of a surgeon", which is published after the author's death. In March 1952, S. S. Yudin was exiled in the city of Berdsk, and then in Novosibirsk, where he continues to conduct surgical interventions. In 1953, S. S. Yudin was rehabilitated by the decision of a Special meeting under the Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR. S. S. Yudin died of a heart attack on June 12, 1954. Sergey Sergeyevich Yudin is the author of 15 monographs and 181 printed scientific papers, including the monograph "Spinal anesthesia", recognized as the best book on medicine in the USSR, the two-volume manual "Notes on military field surgery" and the book "Reflections of a surgeon".Sergey Sergeyevich Yudin-academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (1944), honorary member of the English, American, French, Czech Societies of Surgeons, Honorary Doctor of the Sorbonne (1946). He was awarded the Orders of Lenin (1943), the Red Star (1942), the Red Banner (1944, 1945) and the St. George Medal. Memorial plaques dedicated to S. S. Yudin are installed on the facades of the buildings of the N. V. Sklifosovsky Institute (1959), the historical building of the Serpukhov Central Hospital. A bust of S. S. Yudin is installed in front of the building of the Children's Clinical Hospital in Novosibirsk.
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Khan, Rasheda Rawnak, i Rownok Jahan Akhi. "Pads for the Patricians: An Analysis of the Sanitary Pads Advertisement in Bangladesh and Its’ Bigotry Representation of Poor Women". Social Science Review 40, nr 2 (1.04.2024): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ssr.v40i2.72202.
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The images and messages of a particular advertisement can influence consumers’ perspectives about a product, even for menstrual products like sanitary napkins, irrespective of what social class or position they belong to. In the context of Bangladesh, the number of advertisements produced for sanitary napkins is small, and in most cases, the advertisements that exist portray content based on a higher or middle-class lifestyle and affairs, thus creating the ideology that sanitary pads as a product are only made for higher or middle-class women. This study empirically analyses the sanitary pad advertisements in Bangladesh with a focus on the underrepresentation of poor women. It also raises important questions, including whether the media consciously denies the reality of poor women in the pad advertisements. Taking nine sanitary pad advertisements into consideration, the content analysis method has been used to scrutinize these advertisements and later to determine the significance of connected advertisements. The means of grandiloquence in terms of the represented casts’ attire, professions, and lifestyles are identified from the content analyses of the sanitary pad advertisements. The presence of poor class women’s menstrual affairs in the sanitary pad advertisement is a necessity to influence their attitude. Social Science Review, Vol. 40(2), December 2023 Page: 127-142
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Shelley, Farida Easmin. "Perception and Practice about Menstrual Health/Hygiene Among Adolescent Girls in Barisal District". Ibrahim Cardiac Medical Journal 11, nr 1 (14.03.2022): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icmj.v11i1.58710.
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Background & Objective: Although menstruation is a natural physiological process and usually goes away without any complex problems provided proper care is taken during the period. However, menstruation is linked with religious and cultural meanings that can affect the perceptions of young girls and the ways in which the adult communities around them respond to their felt-needs. So, menstruation-associated complaints are not uncommon. The present study was, therefore, intended to determine the perception and practice of adolescent girls about menstruation in Barisal District.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted as part of Field-site Survey of the Department of Social Science & Public Health (SSPH). Having obtained consent from the parents/guardians, a total of 205 adolescent girls from the Barisal district (both from Barisal Metropolitan City and rural area of the District) who had experienced menarche at least 6 months prior to the day of interview were included in the study. Data were collected over a period of three months from July 2020 to September 2020. Before interview, the issue of menstruation was discussed with the respondents. The interview was done by the female Health Assistants (field staff of Upalzila Health Complex in the Government setting) so that the interviewees answer freely to such private matters as menstruation thereby reducing the chance of bias during interview.
Result: Nearly 70% of the respondents were 14-16 years old with mean age of the girls being 15.2 ± 1.6 years. Majority of the respondents was unmarried (95.1%), urban resident (86.8%) and students of Public-School (66.8%). In terms of socioeconomic status, almost half (49.3%) was middle class, 29.8% lower middle class and 10.7% upper middle class. Most (87.8%) of the respondents had their menarche at 11-14 years with mean age at menarche being 12.9 ± 1.3 years. Over two-thirds (68.8%) of the respondents reported their length of menstrual cycle to vary from 26 – 30 days and period to vary from 3-5 days. A substantial proportion (83.4%) of respondents had regular menstruation. The predominant complaint during menstruation was fatigue or tiredness (73.2%) followed by pelvic pain (62%), malaise (60%) and low back pain (38.5%). Over half (50.4%) consulted with physicians, 11.8% with drug-sellers, 3.9% with herbal healer and 1.6% with homeopath for pain relief. Approximately 57% took analgesics to get relief from the pain. Other symptoms or complaints relating to menstruation were altered appetite (55.6%), abdominal bloating (39%), heavy bleeding (45.4%) and frequency of micturition (31.7%). About 46% of the respondents’ routine activities were adversely affected, social relationships disrupted (32.7%), family relationship hampered (25.4%), sports/exercise activities stopped or reduced (58%). Nearly half (47.8%) of them had to absent from the school during the period with average school absenteeism of 3-4 days each month being reported by more than half of the cases. Majority (94.6%) of the respondents perceived that ‘period of adolescent girls’ should occur every month and that their period should not make them anxious (81.5%). About 83% told that a period of 3-5 days duration be considered normal. Almost 94% took some sanitary measures while they were on period. Majority (87.3%) talked the issue to a family member and about 64% to friends. Over one-third (37.6%) sought suggestion about menstrual affairs from their mothers, 27.8% from their sisters, 26.8% from friends and relations and only 7.8% from doctors.
Conclusion: Majority of the adolescent girls start menstruation at 11-14 years with mean age at menarche being 13 years. Adolescent girls usually adopt hygienic measures during the period by using sanitary napkin or clean home-made pad. The predominant symptoms experienced during the period are pelvic pain, malaise and low back pain. Other symptoms are loss of appetite, flatulence, heavy bleeding and frequency of micturition with personal, familial and social life being adversely affected and they remain absent from the school during the period in each cycle. Half of the girls consult with physicians for pain relief and take analgesics.
Ibrahim Card Med J 2021; 11 (1): 79-85
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Д.И., Гетьман,. "Sanitary Supervision in St. Petersburg in the Second Half of the 19th — Early 20th Centuries". Вестник Рязанского государственного университета имени С.А. Есенина, nr 3(76) (6.01.2023): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2022.76.3.003.
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В статье рассматривается деятельность ключевых органов санитарного надзора в Санкт-Петербурге второй половины XIX — начала XX веков. Указаны предпосылки к развитию системы санитарного надзора. Изучена работа Министерства внутренних дел Российской империи по предупреждению распространения инфекционных заболеваний. Кроме того, перечислены особенности и недостатки работы окружного санитарного попечителя, а также приведены основные функциигородской санитарно-гигиенической лаборатории, способствовавшие улучшению санитарно-эпидемиоло-гического благосостояния столичного города в указанный период. The article focuses on sanitary control bodies that carried out sanitary supervision in St. Petersburg in the second half of the 19th century — early 20th centuries. It deals with prerequisites to the development of the system of sanitary supervision. It investigates the actions undertaken by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire in order to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. The article enumerates both negative and positive aspects of St. Petersburg district health officer and describes the main functions of the city sanitary and hygienic laboratory which ensured the improvement of the city sanitary state during the period.
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Neplokhov, A. I., A. A. Neplokhov i D. A. Kryazhev. "Unforgettable names: Ivan Dmitrievich Degtyarev, the sanitary doctor of the provincial city of Orenburg". Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Doctor), nr 9 (7.09.2023): 588–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-08-2309-05.
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Sanitation in Russia originated at the beginning of the 19th century. At the time of its organization, the service was part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, later it became part of the zemstvo sanitary organization. Particularly interesting and fateful for the service is the period of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, since during this period the prerequisites were formed for the creation of the Sanitary and Epidemiological Service as an independent state executive body. The purpose of this work is to study the history of the development of the sanitary and epidemiological service in the provincial city of Orenburg and the contribution of the sanitary doctor I.D. Degtyarev in the period of its formation and development. The study studied archival materials of the life of pre-revolutionary Orenburg, books of local historians, information about the sanitary condition and measures to prevent the occurrence of mass infectious diseases. The study highlights the main hygienic and epidemiological problems of pre-revolutionary Orenburg and the measures taken by the sanitary doctor aimed at maintaining the health of the population. The paper presents biographical information about I.D. Degtyarev, shows his contribution to the organization of sanitary and preventive measures.
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Hotsuliak, Svitlana. "Legal regulation of sanitary affairs in Europe in the 19th century". Law and innovations, nr 1 (29) (31.03.2020): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37772/2518-1718-2020-1(29)-10.
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Problem setting. Since ancient times, guardianship of the health of the population has become an obligatory part of the foundation of a powerful state. Later on, special bodies began to be created, whose powers at first were limited only to the monitoring of food supplies, but with the spread of epidemics their role increased and spread around the world. In the 19th century, cities began to grow rapidly and the number of inhabitants increased. States were faced with the challenge of ensuring healthy living conditions. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The scientific research on this issue is reflected in the works: Derjuzhinsky V.F., Busse R, Riesberg A., Lochowa L. V., Hamlin C., Shambara K., Norman G. Scientists have analysed the regulatory framework of individual countries in the medical context. Target of research. Identification of the essence and features of sanitary legislation (including international sanitary conventions, interstate agreements on sanitation and epidemiology) operating in the territory of European countries in the XIX century. Article’s main body. The legal and regulatory framework for sanitation includes a set of legal, technical and legal standards, the observance of which involves ensuring that an adequate level of public health is maintained. European countries in the nineteenth century devoted considerable attention to sanitation not only in domestic law, but also in the international arena. Health protection, sanitation and preventive measures are reflected in many legislative acts, for example, the “Medical Regulations” (Prussia, 1725), the “Law on Health Insurance during Diseases” (Germany, 1883) and, in Austria, the “Health Statute” (1770), the “Public Health Act” (Great Britain, 1848 and 1875) and the “Medical Act” (Great Britain, 1858) and the “Public Health Protection Act” (France, 1892). The legislative acts formulated the powers of sanitary authorities, and in the same period, works on the impact of ecology on human health and on the importance of a healthy lifestyle appeared. The State has a duty to protect citizens who have the sole property, their labour, but health is essential to work. Separately, it should be noted that in the middle of the XIX century elements of the international health system began to emerge in Europe. In particular, starting from 1851. At the initiative of France, a number of international conferences on sanitation were organized in Paris. Subsequently, such conferences were held in Constantinople (1866), Vienna (1874), USA (1881), Rome (1885), Dresden (1893). These conferences addressed various issues of sanitation and the fight against epidemic diseases. At the same time, the application of land and river quarantine in Europe was considered impossible by most delegates. Instead, the use of “sanitary inspection” and “observation posts” with medical personnel and the necessary means for timely isolation of patients and disinfection of ships was recommended Conclusions and prospects for the development. Thus, the forms of organization of national health systems in Europe in the 19th century were diverse. Each country created and developed its own unique systems, different ways of attracting financial resources for medical care and health preservation. Thanks to the development of the legislative framework, water supply, sewerage, working and living conditions, sanitation and hygiene have improved. International cooperation to combat epidemics has made a significant contribution to the development of effective and progressive legislation in the international arena, and has greatly influenced the creation of appropriate domestic legislation in Member States, developing more effective models to combat epidemic diseases.
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Andreev, Alexander Alexeevich, i Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. "Nikolai Alexandrovich VELYAMINOV – leib-medic, academician of medicine, Professor of the Imperial Military medical Academy (to the 165th of birthday)". Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 13, nr 1 (25.02.2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2020-13-1-72.
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Nikolai Alexandrovich Velyaminov was born in 1855 in St. Petersburg. He studied at the gymnasiums of Wiesbaden and Warsaw. In 1872 he entered the Moscow University in physics and mathematics, and in 1873 transferred to the faculty of medicine. In 1877 he was sent to the army in the Caucasus. In 1878-1879, Nikolai Alexandrovich became ill with typhus, developing a chronic process in the lungs, which requires long-term treatment abroad. After recovery in the years 1880-1881 N. And. Velyaminov works in Central Asia as a surgeon of the Akhal-Teke expedition, develops a system of medical sorting and evacuation of the wounded, writes "Memories of the surgeon from the Akhal-Teke expedition." In 1883 he received the degree of doctor of medicine and worked as an assistant to Professor K. K. Reyer, lectured on operative surgery in Women's medical courses. In 1884 N. Ah. Velyaminov becomes an assistant to the chief physician and surgeon of the Holy cross community of sisters of mercy. In 1885 he founded the first in Russia authoritative scientific surgical journal "Surgical Bulletin". Since 1887 N. Ah. Velyaminov as a Junior doctor of the life guards of the Preobrazhensky regiment heads the surgical Department in Krasnoselsky hospital, since 1893 works as the Director of the Maximilian hospital in St. Petersburg, since 1894 the senior doctor of the Semenovsky regiment, is appointed the life-physician and honorary surgeon of the Highest Court, and then the senior doctor of the Imperial headquarters. In 1889 he defended his doctoral thesis. In 1894 N. Ah. Velyaminov is elected Professor of the Military medical Academy. In 1896 he designs the device for the first time in St. Petersburg service of "Ambulance", organizing children's sanatoriums. In 1900, Velyaminov was elected an honorary member of the Royal medical College in London, the Chief Commissioner of the Russian red cross society for assistance to the sick and wounded in the far East. In 1905 N. Ah. Velyaminov was awarded the rank of privy Councilor, and in 1907 was awarded the order of St. Anne of the 1st degree. In the same years N. Ah. Velyaminov was the first in Russia to study occupational injuries, insurance of workers and organized the "Bureau of medical examination for workers" (1907). In 1910 1912 N. Ah. Velyaminova works as the head of the Imperial Military medical Academy in St. Petersburg. In 1913, the conference of the Military medical Academy elected him academician of medicine. At the beginning of World war I. Ah. Velyaminov took part in the work of the Main Directorate of the red cross, and from the end of August he was a surgeon-consultant at the Headquarters of the commander-in-Chief to inspect the surgical case in the army. By the beginning of 1917 N. Ah. Velyaminov held many positions: Director of the Mariinsky hospital for the poor, Alexandrinsky women's hospital and Maximilian hospital; Chairman of the Medical Commission for reception in the sanatorium "khalila", the Russian Society for the protection of public health, the Interdepartmental Commission for the revision of medical legislation; Vice-Chairman of the Committee of the Community of the Seaside sanatorium for chronically ill children; editor of the magazines "Surgical archive" and "Hygiene and sanitary Affairs"; inspector of the court medical unit; honorary consultant of the Alexander-Mariinsky hospital and hospital for incoming patients; consultant of the Royal office for the institutions of the Empress Maria Feodorovna, member of the Board of the Community. Kaufman red cross and the Medical Council of the interior Ministry. In 1919-1920 he headed the Department of surgical pathology with desmurgy at the Women's medical Institute. In March 1920, he was offered the post of Chairman of the Commission for the reform of medical education, from which N. Ah. Velyaminov refused. By this time the new government took away the Professor's apartment, and he found refuge in the utility room of the Petrograd hospital named after Peter the Great. N. And. Velyaminov author of over 100 scientific medical works, including 8 monographs. He described thyrotoxic polyarthritis, gave the classification of diseases of the joints and thyroid gland, one of the first pointed to the importance of the endocrine glands in the development of surgical diseases, used phototherapy; opened the first Russian light therapy room. A lot of new N. And. Velyaminov contributed to the doctrine of surgical treatment of bone tuberculosis and abdominal surgery. April 9, 1920 N. Ah. Velyaminov died and was buried at the Volkov cemetery.
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Petrykin, Nikolai N. "Gendarme railway police in the context of countering epidemics in the territory of the Kursk Governorate (1893–1914)". Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, nr 188 (2020): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2020-25-188-187-194.
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We actualize the historical experience of the gendarme police units of the railways. The role of the gendarme railway police in countering epidemics on the territory of the Kursk Governorate in the prewar years of the 19th century is examined: from the beginning of the first outbreaks of infectious diseases until 1914. An analysis of the affairs of the Kursk branch of the Moscow gendarme police department of railways in the period from 1893 to 1914 is carried out. Con-clusions are drawn about the relationship between outbreaks of epidemics and the attention of officials of the gendarme railway police to the sanitary and epidemiological situation on the railway lines, in conditions of mass movement of immigrants, while ensuring the safety of imperial trains. Based on archival materials, the experience of interdepartmental interaction of the officers of the gendarme railway police on the sanitary and epidemiological situation is shown. An assessment is given of interagency cooperation with medical, railway and other services in matters of sanitary and epidemiological safety at railway facilities. We show the significance of historical experience for the development of forms and models of the work of modern territorial authorities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in transport, including in the context of the prevention of a new coronavirus infection at the present stage.
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Vatolina, Natalya Anatolyevna, Natalia Vitalievna Fedotova, Yuriy Mikhaylovich Shishkin, Lyudmila Vladimirovna Lyalina i Tatyana Vladimirovna Osmirko. "Strategy for the development of training in the field of medical and preventive affairs in St. Petersburg at the current stage". Disinfection affairs, nr 4 (grudzień 2023): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35411/2076-457x-2023-4-56-59.
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The development of the training system in the field of medical and preventive affairs in St. Petersburg was analyzed. The main tasks of staffing organizations and health care institutions, including the disinfection profile, are noted, which require immediate solution Keywords: licensing of disinfection activities, sanitary and epidemiological service, organizations and institutions of disinfection profile, medical organizations, secondary vocational education in the specialty «medical and preventive business».
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Stegney, M. "Внесок київських ветеринарних лікарів другої половини ХІХ – початку ХХ ст. у світову науку і практику". Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 19, nr 82 (11.10.2017): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8202.
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Scientific researches on the activity of veterinary doctors of Kyiv in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were conducted. It was established that no attention was paid to the veterinary and sanitary organization of the Kyiv province until the end of the nineteenth century. It was confirmed by a small number of veterinary staff in the province. A small number of veterinarians in the province until 1882 could not organize veterinary and sanitary activities at the proper level. Their activities were of a purely organizational nature. During that period, the Sanitary Commission, which included medical doctors, but none veterinarian, operated in Kyiv. Only in 1885 the veterinary doctor V.K. Ponomariov was introduced into the commission (from 1886). After the liberation of V.K. Ponomariov, that post was occupied by P.M. Genevsky, who previously worked as a senior veterinarian of slaughterhouses.With the opening of urban slaughterhouses, veterinary and sanitary activities were not limited to that work, and the veterinary doctor, as a member of the Sanitary Commission, conducted an autopsy of animals, which died from infectious diseases; took measures in case of epizootics; treated urban fire horses; supervised the activities of the contractor for the disposal of dead animals and the catching of stray dogs; oversaw dairy cattle, horse's trade on fair grounds, as well as watering place and urban pastures. After creating the Kyiv city slaughterhouses, the task was to provide people with benign meat and, moreover, to prevent the pollution of water, soil and air by slaughter waste.In order to clarify the issues of veterinary and sanitary affairs in urban slaughterhouses in 1899, a special subcommittee was appointed, headed by a member of the Sanitary Commission A.K. Stolpchevsky. The subcommittee was tasked with developing an instruction for veterinarians responsible for the veterinary and sanitary condition of the Kyiv city slaughterhouses, which was conducted by the Sanitary Commission. Only in 1899 a distinction was made between purely veterinary supervision and sanitary supervision.
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Karimov, Tashmuhamed Khalmukhamedovich, Nazira Baigazy Kyzy i Malika Tashmukhamedovna Karimova. "Ecological and sanitary safety of water supply sources of the Kyrgyz Republic". BIO Web of Conferences 107 (2024): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202410703007.
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This article addresses the issue of environmental safety as well as the quality of drinking water and wastewater treatment. The problem of supplying clean water and sewage of settlements and cities of the Kyrgyz Republic is raised. Anthropogenic pollution of natural waters. Inadequate wastewater treatment and unsatisfactory condition of sewage treatment plants. This state of affairs in the water supply and sanitation system of the Kyrgyz Republic requires the development and implementation of new advanced technologies for the treatment of natural and waste waters. Also, the results of this article are aimed at the relevance of scientific research in the treatment of natural and wastewater in the Kyrgyz Republic. Creation and development of innovative technologies, optimization of pumps and pumping units in order to save energy, water treatment, wastewater and collector-drainage water treatment, creation of closed water use systems
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Pauzin, Nikolai, Vitalii Vasyukov, Sergey Krasheninnikov i Elena Yudina. "Law Enforcement and Social Security of Public Events: Organizational and Legal Solutions". Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 10, nr 1 (22.07.2022): e0239. http://dx.doi.org/10.37497/sdgs.v10i1.239.
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Background: Article analyzes various national and international aspects of the state of the system of legal support of public order and social security related to mass events.
Objective: to develop organizational and legal solutions aimed at creating an effective approach to solving issues of law enforcement and social security during the preparation and holding of mass public events.
Methods: dialectical method was chosen as the main research method.
Results: The article highlights the administrative-legal and organizational-tactical measures used by the internal affairs bodies and the resource enforcement of the law and social security during the preparation and holding of public events of various kinds. The authors highlight the legal and organizational bases for law enforcement and social security during the preparation and holding of public events in foreign countries.
Conclusions: New approaches to ensuring social security have been proposed for both internal affairs units and sanitary and epidemiological services in connection with the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Berezhnova, O. V., O. V. Sazonova, E. A. Balashova, M. Ju Gavrjushin, D. O. Gorbachev, L. M. Borodina i O. V. Frolova. "Topical issues of physical training of cadet corps students according to body composition". Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Doctor), nr 1 (1.01.2023): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-08-2301-04.
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The article is devoted to the study and discussion of issues related to professional training and physical training of students of the cadet corps of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The properties and characteristics of physical training of cadets studied in order to identify and choose ways to reform it. The aim is to assess the level of physical training and labor training of children and adolescents studying in the cadet corps of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. The study conducted in 180 students of the cadet corps of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia aged 13 to 16 years. The assessment of living conditions, the educational process and extracurricular activities carried out using the methods of sanitary and hygienic description and research. The analysis of the component composition of the trunk and limbs, phase angle carried out using the device ABC-02 «Medass» according to the standard scheme using disposable bioadhesive electrodes, morbidity and health status. The physical development of cadets is in most cases age-appropriate and harmonious, BIA and normal nutritional status prevail. The educational process, living conditions and extracurricular activities are optimal for teenagers. To monitor the dynamics of physical development and physical training of future personnel of the Department of Internal Affairs, it is recommended to annually conduct extended preventive examinations, including bioimpedance analysis of body composition, including limbs and torso separately.
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Sergey, Tsygankov, Abdreshov Shamil, Imangaliyeva Aizhan, Bimagambetova Lalita, Kurmashev Baurzhan i Torgayev Abish. "Analysis of regulative documents in the field of human vibration safety". Vibroengineering Procedia 54 (4.04.2024): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/vp.2024.23950.
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A number of medical research has demonstrated the negative impacts of vibration on human health, therefore, the development of regulatory documents in the field of vibration is a topical issue for the protection of employees' health. The analysis of the cancelled regulatory documents in the Republic of Kazakhstan and are currently in force setting the maximum available levels of vibration characteristics has been carried out. The legislative frameworks governing the sanitary regulation of industrial vibration in a few nearby and distant nations were investigated. This document includes conclusions about Republic of Kazakhstan's current state of affairs on the hygienic regulations pertaining to human vibration safety are concluded and given.
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Krotofil, Maciej, Ihor Sribnyak i Мilana Sribniak. "Activity of the UNR Military and Sanitary Mission on prisoners’ of war affairs in Germany (1919)". Skhid, nr 4(162) (1.09.2019): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21847/1728-9343.2019.4(162).177252.
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Atambo, Daniel, Vinayak Kaushal i Mohammad Najafi. "CONDITION PREDICTION OF SANITARY SEWERAGE PIPELINE SYSTEMS USING MULTINOMIAL LOGISTIC REGRESSION". Journal of Engineering in Agriculture and the Environment 8, nr 3 (17.10.2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37017/jeae.v8i3.37.
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It is important for the sanitary sewerage pipeline system to be in a good condition for providing safe conveyance of the wastewater from households, businesses, and industries to the wastewater treatment plants. Water utilities inspect sewer pipelines to decide which segments of the sanitary sewer pipes need renewal or replacement. This process of inspecting the sewer pipes is described as condition assessment. The objective of this paper is to develop Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR) to predict the condition rating of sanitary sewerage pipelines using inspection and condition assessment data. MLR model was developed from the City of Dallas's data. The MLR model was built using 80% of randomly selected data and validated using the remaining 20% of data. The significant physical factors influencing sanitary pipes condition rating included diameter, age, pipe material, and length. Soil type was the environmental factor that influenced sanitary sewer pipes condition rating. The accuracy of the performance of the MLR was found to be 75%. This developed model will help the policymakers and sanitary sewer utility managers to predict sanitary sewer pipes condition rating that enables to prioritize the sanitary sewer pipes to be rehabilitated and/or replaced.
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Magadeev, Iskander E. "Role of the Baltic Republics in Soviet-French relations during the Non-recognition Period, 1919-1924". RUDN Journal of Russian History 21, nr 2 (2.06.2022): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-2-161-176.
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This article aims to define the role played by the Baltic Republics in the Soviet-French relations during the non-recognition period. The author tries to determine the place, which the Baltic Republics occupied in the French and Soviet conceptions of the “sanitary cordon,” to analyse the correlation between the ambitions and the capabilities of Paris and Moscow in Eastern Europe, to demonstrate the Soviet response to the interaction between the Baltic Republics and France. The article is based on the materials taken from the different French archives, as well as from the published French and Soviet diplomatic documents. The author emphasizes the ambiguity of the role played by the “Baltic factor” in the Soviet-French relations. The Baltic Republics (especially, Latvia and Estonia) were perceived by the French leadership as a part of the “sanitary cordon” aimed to separate Germany and the Soviet Russia from each other and to preclude their eventual “collusion” in the Eastern Europe. On the contrary, Moscow aimed to weaken the “sanitary cordon.” Paris didn’t exclude that the cooperation with future Russia performing the role of the counterbalance to Germany would be more important for France than full independence of the Baltic Republics. The Kremlin and the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs welcomed this point of view and tried to support those French political leaders that developed such an approach. The dynamics of the post-war international relations, as well as the priority given by the French government to the “German threat”, prompted Paris to recognize the USSR, which met the interests of Moscow. The considerations of the “big politics” were more important than the voices of the “small countries” which tried to influence the interaction between the more powerful actors.
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Muntyanu, P. V. "THE CONCEPT OF THE SANITARY PROTECTION ZONE: APPROACHES AND DEFINITIONS". Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 31, nr 5 (12.10.2021): 861–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2021-31-5-861-873.
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The article gives an authorial definition of the sanitary protection zone. Sources of ionizing radiation were not taken into account when the definition was created as they have their own specifics and require individual investigation. The definition of the sanitary protection zone is given through the substance of its features, which are disclosed through analysis and comparison of regulatory acts, draft regulatory acts and literature. The features of the sanitary protection zone are the following: facility in respect of which the sanitary protection zone is established; the purpose of its establishment; zone size and boundaries; zone location and configuration; restriction of rights within the zone boundaries. It is proposed to define the facility in a general term “real estate”. It is defined that the purpose of establishing a sanitary protection zone is to ensure the absence of harmful impact on human health outside its boundaries. The size of a sanitary protection zone is calculated in eight cardinal directions taking into account the chemical, biological and physical impact on atmospheric air. The location of a sanitary protection zone is determined around an industrial facility and resembles a belt in configuration. The boundaries of a sanitary protection zone are determined by the geodetic method. The size and boundaries of a zone are shown in urban development zoning maps and in the public cadastral map. Restrictions within sanitary protection zones are expressed in prohibition on construction and obligations on compliance with the established regime.
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Kuchma, Vladislav R., S. G. Safonkina, V. V. Moldovanov i N. Yu Kuchma. "HYGIENE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN MODERN SCHOOL MEDICINE". Hygiene and sanitation 96, nr 11 (27.03.2019): 1024–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-11-1024-1028.
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Hygiene of children and adolescents makes a significant contribution in solving the problems of health protection and promotion of the younger generation. However, its achievement is not fully used by such sectors as health, sanitary and epidemiological supervision and education. Objective to justify the place for hygiene of children and adolescents in the school health system. The work is expert-analytical. In accordance with the number of students in the country the number of doctors on hygiene of children and adolescents in the health care organization must exceed 8500 persons. The provision of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the students as medical activity includes: hygienic control of the educational conditions; hygienic control of educational tools; control over the compliance with the sanitary-hygienic requirements to conditions and management of nutrition in school; control over the compliance with the sanitary-hygienic requirements to the conditions and organization of physical training in the educational organization; preventive measures; hygienic training; the formation of stereotypes of a healthy lifestyle. Technologies of the sanitary-epidemiological well-being of students in educational institutions include: the algorithm of visual and laboratory control over the compliance with sanitary-hygienic requirements to conditions of the organization of education and training in educational institutions; the algorithm for the determination of the level of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the educational organization, hygienic assessment of the load training activities in students; control over the compliance with the sanitary-hygienic requirements to conditions and organization of lessons with the use of e-learning in educational institutions; algorithm of the interaction between physician on hygiene of children and adolescents in medical organization and Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare and other agencies for the protection of health of minors. The practical activity of the doctor on hygiene of children and adolescents is an important component of the medical support in educational institutions and sanitary-epidemiological well-being of children population in the country. Training students should be carried out with taking into account the specifics of the activity of the doctor on hygiene of children and adolescents in medical institutions for children and modern technologies for their practical activities in educational institutions.
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Abdullaeva, Asiyat M., Maria A. Babkina i Larisa P. Blinkova. "THE QUALITY OF SANITARY PROCESSING OF MEAT ENTERPRISES – THE PLEDGE PRODUCTION OF HIGH-QUALITY PRODUCTS". Problems of veterinary sanitation, hygiene and ecology 1, nr 49 (2024): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.san.hyg.ecol.202401004.
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The article provides information about sanitary and hygienic control on meat enterprises, about detergents and disinfectants used in sanitary and industrial measures, describes the stages of sanitary processing, and the characteristics of the microbiota present in production.
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Romanchuk, L., i P. Didenko. "Sanitary condition of pine plantations of the Polyssia of Zhytomyr region". Agrobìologìâ, nr 2(174) (27.12.2022): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2022-174-2-130-136.
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The sanitary condition of pine plantations in the conditions of Polissia of Ukraine was assessed. Derevostan grows in different types of forest vegetation conditions B2GDS, B3GDS, C2GDS, C3GDS. According to the data of 27 circular trial plots, which were established during 2018–2020 in the territory of the State Enterprise Zhytomyr LH Berezivske Forestry, the State Enterprise Korostyshivsk LH Ivnitske Forestry, the State Enterprise Korostensky LH APC Melenivske Forestry, which covered the typical growing conditions of pine plantations of Zhytomyr Oblast. The index of sanitary condition showed that the pine forest belonged to strongly weakened stands. Analyzing the sanitary condition during the research period, it is worth noting that in 2018, the tree stand of the plantations in the Ivnytsia Forestry was weakened, and the average index was 2.42. In Berezivsk and Melenivsk forests, the sanitary condition index was 2.58 and 2.67, which indicates that the degree of damage is average, and the plantations are strongly weakened. Based on the results of the research, it was established that in 2019 the sanitary condition in the Bereziv forestry improved and amounted to 2.12. By state category, the largest number of I category is 2019 – 40.0 %, 2019 II – 27.6 %. In the Ivnytsia forestry, the sanitary condition index was 2.52, the plantations were greatly weakened. In the Meleniv Forestry, the average sanitary condition index of 2.44 indicates that the tree stand is weakened. It is proven that in 2020 the sanitary condition improved compared to other years of research and amounted to 2.11. In Ivnytsia Forestry, the sa-nitary condition remains very weak. In the Meleniv Forestry, the average sanitary condition index was 2.29, which indicates that the tree stand is weakened. It has been established that pests, diseases and forest fires are the biggest deterioration of the sanitary condition in the territory of Zhytomyr Oblast. To prevent the development of these negative factors, it is necessary to create mixed pine plantations, to carry out timely felling of forest care. Key words: condition categories, sanitary condition index, type of fo-rest vegetation conditions, completeness, Scots pine.
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Israel, M., M. Ivanova, Ts Shalamanova i P. Ivanova. "Professional realization of specialists in medical sanitary physics and sanitary engineering". Physica Medica 58 (luty 2019): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.12.024.
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ISHKINEEV, FARID I., FARIDA F. ISHKINEEVA, ZHANNA V. SAVELEVA i LILIA K. KHUSAINOVA. "PREVALENCE OF THE DIAGNOSIS OF «OBESITY» AMONG LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS". Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine 15, nr 5 (październik 2022): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2022.15(5).32-37.
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Abstract. Introduction. The issue of the prevalence of the disease among law enforcement officers is of particular relevance and urgency in connection with the problems of professional performance. At the same time, this socio- professional group was not in the focus of researchers’ attention in the context of the prevalence of the disease. Aim. Identification of the dynamics of the prevalence of obesity among law enforcement officers of the Republic of Tatarstan. Material and methods. A statistical analysis of the conclusions issued by the military medical commission of the medical and sanitary unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in the Republic of Tatarstan for the control 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2020 years with an interval of ten years, for the presence of a diagnosis - «obesity», by the method of summarizing and grouping data. The number of persons included in the study in 1970 amounted to 1922 people, in 1980 - 2928, in 1990 - 4530, in 2000 - 5061, in 2010 - 4617, in 2020 – 4109 people. All respondents are divided into 3 groups: those who are examined upon entering the service, those who are examined upon moving through the service, those who are examined before the upcoming dismissal. Results and discussion. The results of examinations of candidates and employees of the Department of Internal Affairs showed a steady trend towards an increase in the diagnosis of «obesity» among them. This trend is associated with risks not only in relation to the threat of reduced working capacity, but also with an increase in concomitant diseases, disability and mortality of both employees of the Department of Internal Affairs and the population as a whole. In addition, it poses a serious problem for the health care system. Conclusion. Obesity is a serious problem both for the preservation of professional ability to work and the prevention of concomitant diseases among employees of internal affairs bodies, and for the health care system in terms of the need to revise social policy, in particular, to organize work on the prevention and treatment of the disease.
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Hrytskiv, Nazar, Lyubov Babiy i Iryna Horyainova. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY". GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 95,2022, nr 95 (28.06.2022): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2022.95.135.
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The problem of applying thematic mapping of production facilities in order to obtain spatial data about the harmful effects on the environment is relevant. One of the factors that minimizes this impact is the observance of sanitary protection zones. Areas designated for sanitary protection zones must correspond to current data, which can be modeled by modern GIS technology using remote sensing data of the Earth, which will allow you to quickly and accurately obtain spatial characteristics of objects and analyze thematic information. Therefore, the aim of the work is to obtain and to analyze spatial thematic data on sanitary protection zones of industrial enterprises. Methods. For the spatial analysis of sanitary protection zones the method of modeling of spatial data using cartographic and remote sensing data and the analysis of the constructed model are applied. Results. A cartographic model was created and compliance with sanitary protection zones by industrial enterprises of Slavuta and Khmelnytsky nuclear power plant was analyzed. Scientific novelty and practical relevance. It consists in the complex application of cartographic and remote sensing data for modeling and analysis of the location of sanitary protection zones of enterprises in the city of Slavuta. The obtained thematic geospatial data can serve to eliminate the shortcomings of planning and development of both enterprises and the surrounding infrastructure. The analysis of the results showed an unsatisfactory state of compliance to requirements of sanitary protection zones by industrial enterprises in Slavuta. The tested workflow can be used for modeling and analysis of sanitary protection zones of enterprises that have a harmful effect on the environment, which will increase the level of control in the field of sanitary legislation using GIS technologies.
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Matulchyk, Ju. "UNDERSTANDING THE CATEGORY OF HEALTH, MEDICAL COMPETENCE AND SANITARY EDUCATION IN ADULT EDUCATION IN GERMAN-SPEAKING COUNTRIES". Aesthetics and Ethics of Pedagogical Action, nr 25 (12.05.2022): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4051.2022.25.256649.
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In this article is highlighted the research results by the project VEGA č. 1/0293/21 «Teaching health to different categories of adults». This research is focusing on the concept of health, medically sanitary competence and medically sanitary education in German-speaking countries, including Austria and Germany. The main purpose of this article is to analyze a content of medically sanitary competence and health, as well as to determine the specifics of medical and sanitary education of adults in German-speaking countries. Also, in this article was described the content and components of medically sanitary education, sanitary education and health education. The main starting points for understanding the mentioned categories are: adult orientation to health as opposed to disease orientation, orientation to subjects with their interests and needs in their social and environmental context as opposed to expert orientation, multifactor understanding of health as a personality trait, orientation to everyday life and strengthening the effective competencies of adults, which traditionally includes social training, self-determination regarding health and self-help with illness. It is proved that understanding of health, medically sanitary competence and sanitary education is differentiated both on theoretical principles and in terms of their implementation in specific conditions, in particular the medical institution itself. It has been established that leading Austrian and German experts pay considerable attention to determine a relationship between medical literacy, health competence and a person’s behavior in maintaining their own health. It is proved that in German-speaking countries, significant attention is also paid to non-formal medical education and informal adult studying. The creation of recommendations for organizations of medical education and medically sanitary education of adult citizens is promising.