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LAWSON, RAPHAEL. "Intervention éducative et utilisation des médias au Bénin : cas du Borgou". Paris 8, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA080375.
Pełny tekst źródłaWithout neglecting so much the actions conducted by the industrialised countries in contribution to the industrialisation, education and agricultural production development of the third world, hunger problem stands on the whole there. To remedy it, it is necessary to associate know-how and advanced technology of one side with the habits, family structure and ways of living of the other. Hence the absolute necessity to communicate, thanks so much to human contacts as well as to advanced technology and mass-medias. For our analysis of the socio economic structures and their evolution, we have selected 2 ethnic groups in the borgou region whose economic and social system is essentially based on family structures. We have studied their evolution in the application of an autarchic economic system transformed into a barter economic system. Next, we undertook to study the colonial structures and their contribution to the peasants of borgou whose traditional and political institutions have been seriously transformed by the prolongation of education and the multiplication of european like towns. Technology does not have static bounds. (. . . )
Monvoisin, Richard. "Pour une didactique de l’esprit critique : Zététique et utilisation des interstices pseudoscientifiques dans les médias". Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10181.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work is based on the already well known report that critical skills that may be solicited by an individual to distinguish between science and pseudosciences, are not correlated on his level of studies. The defended assumption is that the part played by the media in the transformation and the scenarisation of the knowledge is as much a role of manufacture of the average scientific culture as a role of marker of the most current ambigüities about the question of the scientific method. On the basis of the concept of pseudoscientific pitfall in the transposition of the scientific knowledge, the zetetic method was largely put at contribution to work out a panoply of exploitable tools with students, on the simple basis of the most accessible mediatic supports. If there was some discussion in the first part about taking the inescapable philosophical and epistemological precautions of the scientific method — materialism, rationalism and skepticism especially — and making them teachable, the second part went deeper into specificities of the paranormal claims and fields known as pseudoscientific which as well provide current fantastical settings in scene of knowledge as, pushed to extreme, horrendous alienations. The third part was tried to give some elements of comprehension of the stakes of the scientific popularization in a commercial media context, with the description of some of the media constraints being exerted on the knowledge which go until sometimes denaturing it. Finally the fourth part, based on the most common popularization supports, draws up a semiology of specific tools to prevent those pseudoscientific pitfalls, whenever they take of the lexical, rhetoric, argumentative or scenaristic form. In addition to being critical conceptual objects, these tools have the specificity of being taught and revised in situ, during four years of critical thinking teachings in the University Joseph Fourier, Grenoble 1, to students from the three university cycles, and from various fields. They provide a range of didactic sequences easily workable for any teacher aware of as well the scientific, medical and citizen necessity to spread among student modes of an intellectual self-defence toward pseudoscientific, pseudomedical and spiritualistic enticements that may befall them
Capitant, Sylvie. "Médias et pratiques démocratiques en Afrique de l'Ouest : usages des radios au Burkina Faso". Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010695.
Pełny tekst źródłaChaker, Olfa. "Utilisation de l'image de l'enfant dans la stratégie de communication de l'UNICEF". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF20026.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe image of the child takes a central place in the communication of the UNICEF. The use of this image has been a subject of a number of questions that we addressed during this interdisciplinary study. In order to do an in-depth evaluation of the different aspects of the use of this image, we have chosen to base our study on a comparative approach
Morgand, Audrey. "Instrumentalisation des outils de gestion : cas de trois réseaux sociaux universitaires d'insertion professionnelle en France". Thesis, Amiens, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AMIE0039.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis reports on an exploratory research about logic from practices and instrumentation within social networks for the employment of university graduates. This work aims at approaching in an original way, the recent emergence of academic social medias through a sociological perspective. The goal is to uncover the modes of coordination and cooperation logic of collective action. The research involves the theory of strategic actor and sociology of organized action. The protocol is based on the study of three cases of academic social networks, built on semi-structured interviews and non-participant observations. The interpretation brings out the logic of instrumentalization of practices and social network management tools. The results highlight practical DIY and compilation tools without apparent complementarity. These practices allow players to create an opacity on available resources and coordinate their activities. Regulation and coordination of collective action is seen through the existence of a concrete system of action. The results specify logics serving an umbrella partnership. For example, research shows that logics of instruments and practices’manipulation allow players to perform logics of shifts goals to exceed the initial purposes, maintain their power and preserve their margins of freedom
Fabre, André. "Utilisation médicinale des épices dans l'Empire Romain : plaidoyer pour une utilisation raisonnée du savoir thérapeutique de l' Antiquité". Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040098.
Pełny tekst źródłaTwo main purposes were assigned to this study of medicinal prescription of spices at the time of the Roman Empire : analyse Roman pharmacopoeia of spices in reference to modern scientific criteria and assess a new discipline, close to "ethno-botany" and "ethno-pharmacology", aiming to a new approach of drug research : "archeo-pharmacology". The Roman world of spices remains obscure ::most likely, spices were, for the Romans, nothing more than substances with specific aromatic strength and high market prices. The study is conducted on a whole of 2600 quotations from 12 authors: Apicius, Caelius Aurelianus, Cassius Felix, Celsus, Dioscorides, Galen, Marcellus, (Anonymous) Mulomedicina, Pelagonius, Pliny the Elder, Serenus Sammonicus and Scribonius Largus and a set of 33 medicinal spices among which : cyperus, ferulas (Asa foetida), frankincense, pepper, myrrh and saffron. During the last decades, new methods of therapeutic research : ethno-botany and ethno-pharmacology, have been used extensively to explore traditional medicines. A new discipline is ready to emerge : "archeo-pharmacology", aiming towards a drug research based on Ancient texts
Poisot, Sophie. "SIGYCOP, intérêt et utilisation du sigle P3 en pratique médico-militaire". Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2M151.
Pełny tekst źródłaZaïm, Mohamed Becher. "L'évolution urbaine de la périphérie de la médina d'Alep". Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010669.
Pełny tekst źródłaTupin, Frédéric. "Efficacité pédagogique et utilisation d'un médium privilégié (?), la télévision : médiation culturelle, médiation didactique". Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H036.
Pełny tekst źródłaOne of the causes of academic failure is certainly the gap that exists between the culture valued by the schools and the culture of their students, as attested to by numerous sociological research in education. Inquiries at the national level, confirmed by this study, indicate that mass culture is for the most part transmitted through television. This phenomenon is particularly evident in the cultural word of adolescents in the 9th and 10th grades. More specifically the audience which constitutes the broadest connection transanding social class is centered around the genre of fiction it is, therefore, the principal goal of this research to ascertain the possible results of an educational approach that utilizes the student's primary culture. Because "fiction" in the schools is usually in the form of written stories, it i writer's purpose to explore the role of teachers as mediators between these two narrative forms. The complex analysis of any pedagogical method supposes that dichotomy between the two be transcended. Furthermore, other variables seem to have direct effects on student's success, even in the perspective of a scholastic democratization. To be taken into consideration are: the use of iconic supports in the framework of the courses, refere to the televisual culture of students, intersimiotic practics, the teaching of textual macrostructures, and the elaborate of a precisely defined linguistic-didactic progression. Effects of all the above come together and expressed only through interactions, and their pedagogical efficacity depends on an explicit linguistic pedagogy. This thesis is consistent with point of view that students must not be discriminated against in the classroom because of their culture
Pilote, Anne-Marie. "L’appropriation des technologies de l’information et de la communication dans le processus d’autonomisation des jeunes femmes d’Afrique de l’Ouest". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25470.
Pełny tekst źródłaLes femmes ont globalement un tiers de chance en moins que les hommes de bénéficier des avantages de la société de l’information en Afrique de l’Ouest francophone. Pourtant, plusieurs travaux montrent que les progrès réalisés dans les domaines des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) pavent la voie à une plus grande contribution des Africaines, particulièrement pour celles âgées de 18 à 35 ans, aux sphères politiques, économiques et sociales (PNUD, 2012). Notre projet a consisté à étudier les modalités d’appropriation des TIC de jeunes professionnelles de cette tranche d’âge issues de cette région du monde, regroupées au sein de coopératives et utilisant les outils technologiques dans leurs activités quotidiennes. S’appuyant sur 16 entretiens individuels semi-dirigés menés à Cotonou au Bénin de juin à août 2013, les résultats de notre recherche révèlent que les jeunes femmes interrogées se servent des TIC de multiples façons et que les usages développés favorisent leur autonomisation. Si l’appropriation de ces outils leur donne des moyens efficaces d’améliorer leurs conditions de vie, elle ne permet toutefois pas nécessairement de transformer une structure sociale qui les désavantage traditionnellement.
Kurzac-Souali, Anne-Claire. "Les médinas marocaines : une requalification sélective : élites, patrimoine et mondialisation au Maroc". Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040225.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Moroccan medinas are not museums neither are they the impoverished, crumbling inner-cities that we were led to believe up until a couple of decades ago. These ancient, archetypal urban webs are above all else social, economic and residential centres that adapt to changes whilst faced with the delicate and demanding management of their architectural heritage. The majority of medinas is classified as UNESCO World Heritage Sites (Marrakech, Essaouira, Fès) and have been developed by tourism. They are now seen and imagined in a different light and are newly esteemed at the heart of contemporary Moroccan towns. The riad phenomenon has encouraged the re-establishment of certain areas of the medinas at a grass roots level whilst at the same time being instrumental in deep changes within the ancient web of medinas. The main object is to reconsider the study of the strongly characterised medinas by analysing the magnitude of their heritage, their present day realities, their mobility and the actors in these new urban developments from a geographical perspective
Gonzalez, Garza Mario Alberto. "Utilisation d'un scanner médical pour l'étude de l'endommagement des alliages d'aluminium et leurs composites". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ECAP0706.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study deals with the application of x-ray tomography to the control and characterization of aluminum alloys and their composites. The proposed work provides a good understanding of the interaction between x-ray - material, giving more information for accurate results. Thus, a theoretical assessment of the interaction between the x-ray and the material is presented during the first part of the thesis. Afterwards, different parameters related to the slice reconstruction were analyzed to propose an utilization methodology of the medical scanner in the industrial field. The second part of this research consisted in studying applications related to the industrial production and to the research on this field. Some of the results showed, at macroscopic level, that the scanner provides significant information for the cast defects detection and for the dimensional analysis. At mesoscopic level, the distribution of reinforcements and porosities can be highlighted. Finally, it has been shown by plastic deformation tests; that the scanner resolution makes it possible to distinguish samples grain size and texture
Bouyer, Benjamin. "Utilisation des bases de données médico-administratives pour la recherche clinique et épidémiologique en orthopédie". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS462.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe National Health Data System includes data on all health care activities in France (outpatient care, hospital stay and social benefits related to diseases), which should be associated with mortality (causes of deaths, ongoing) and disability data (in the middle term). Many studies have already shown the interest of the analysis of these data for research purposes, in various fields (epidemiological studies of pathologies or groups of patients, evaluation of health products or medico-economic studies). The application for orthopedic research purposes is fairly recent. This surgical discipline has specificities in terms of data that we have exposed in the first part of this work; especially with regard to medical devices. The knowledge of these data made it possible to carry out an assessment of the national burden caused by fractures in France. More than 562,000 events were identified in 2016 for 1% of the adult population and nearly 12,000 (2%) were followed by early deaths. The detailed analysis showed specificities by fracture site and by sex with a significant increase of incidence with age for all groups. The third part of this work is devoted to the analysis of thromboembolic risk after spinal surgery. Analysis of detailed individual data has shown an intermediate risk (close to 1% in the general population) largely modulated by factors related to patients and surgical procedures performed.The National System of Health Data offers as we show in this thesis vast opportunities for research in orthopedics. Preparatory works, particularly in the field of the reliability of measures of efficacity of treatments are still needed to answer certain questions
Osmanski, Bruno-Félix. "Utilisation de l'imagerie échographique ultrarapide pour de nouvelles applications dans le domaine médical et des neurosciences". Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077081.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis presents. New applications of ultrafast plane wave imaging in the medical field and in neuroscience. The first part will deal with a method capable of cancelling the intrinsic spectral broadening to measure more precisely the blood velocity then a second method using the intrinsic spectral broadening will be studied to measure the out of plane component of the blood speed vector. The second part will be devoted to medical applications. We will study the blood flow pattern along the cardiac cycle within the left ventricle and the coronary flow dynamic into the myocardium, both being indicative of heart failure. We will also discriminate maternai and fetal flow within the placenta allowing a better diagnosis of pregnancy pathologies as pre eclampsia. The third part will discuss the new applications in neuroscience using functional ultrasound as the study of the olfactory system (olfactory bulb and piriform cortex) and the brain functional connectivity at rest useful to diagnose psychiatrie diseases. In the last part, we will see that using ultrafast Doppler and time reversai allow to correct aberrations on ultrasound images. This new aberration correction technique paves the way to human transcranial functional ultrasound in a close future
Ouziri, Mourad. "Utilisation des Topics Maps pour l'interrogation et la génération de documents virtuels : application au domaine médical". Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0086/these.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis work relays on both disciplines following: semantic Web and intelligent information systems. The system that we propose allows to user to explore multi-source data and get required information with a less effort. We used Topic Maps as central formalism in our design, in particular for data representation and organization, and then to build the browsing interface. The integrated data are presented to the user in an intelligent interface in order to be explored by navigation and simple queries. This interface is adapted according to the user profile and is adaptive in real time when the user navigates. It works following two modes: subject-oriented mode and population-oriented one. In the first mode, the data are explored according to an original semantic navigation principle. The navigation session is entirely oriented to a user subject. The session result is organized as a user-personalized virtual document containing the whole of the information required, structured and presented according to his preferences. The second interrogation mode allows the user to realize, in an interactive way, semantic classifications of the data. These classifications are intended to be used as a basis for other statistical analyses and decision-making. We applied our approach to the medical domain in order to build patient record from distributed medical data and perform data analysis to realize epidemiologic studies
Chalendar, Vérène. "Quand l’animal soigne… Les utilisations thérapeutiques de l’animal dans le corpus médical cunéiforme assyro-babylonien". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEP022.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis focuses on the use of animals in Mesopotamian therapeutic practices. It explores the animal used as ingredient for the preparation of medications, as well as the animal, which took part in the healing rituals. The first part reviews the cuneiform sources available for the reconstruction of medical practices and offers an exploration of Mesopotamian fauna through an overview of the taxonomy and the symbolic values attached to animals. It also investigates the practical issues resulting from the use of animals in pharmacopoeia (supply, conservation, methods of implementation etc.). The second part of the study consists in establishing a catalogue of animals encountered in the cuneiform medical texts. It lists and highlights the therapeutic uses of each animal and explores the reasons for their use in specific pathological contexts. The third part is devoted to the cultural and intellectual context in which these scientific Mesopotamian tablets were written. On this occasion, the concepts of “secret” and “encryption” of knowledge are considered. The main interest of this third chapter consists of a presentation and a new proposal for Uruanna = maštakal. This text has been the subject of several assumptions, which question the use of animal ingredients in the pharmacopoeia
Pagani, Margherita. "The Role of consumer experiential engagement in new media based social networks environnments : implications for marketing strategies". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30091.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis aims to understand how companies can leverage on consumer experiential engagement in new-media based social media environments (using video on the web, handheld devices and web 2.0) in order to stimulate active behavior and redefine commercial marketing strategies. We structure our analysis on a three studies approach. The first study describes how Personal Engagement with the content and Social-Interactive Engagement (resulting from the perceived sense of community, intrinsic enjoyment and participation experience) differently influence both active and passive behavior. We test hypotheses with survey data from a sample of 814 US and EU social TV users. In study 2 we examine the influence of privacy intrusiveness on the relation between Experiential Engagement (Personal and Social-interactive Engagement) and active and passive use and we test it (n=379) with reference to mobile location-based social networking applications in EU and US. In study 3 we develop a conceptual model in which social-interactive engagement influences social identity directly and brand love indirectly through the mediating effect of social identity. The model was empirically validated (n=387) on the Facebook fan pages of 20 leading international brands in EU and the US. Findings emerging from the three studies show that Experiential Engagement has positive effects on the consumer behavior online (active and passive) and it may contrast the negative effect of privacy intrusiveness. The results obtained show also a positive effects of social-interactive engagement on consumer-brand affective relationships (brand love) and the full mediating effect of social identity. More specifically advertisers, leveraging on experiences that influence social-interactive engagement can influence the social identity and the relationship with the brand
Couvy, Franck. "Enseignement assisté par ordinateur sous hypercard : utilisation du dessin et des images". Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2M010.
Pełny tekst źródłaFrezet-Erout, Marie-Noëlle. "Synthèse et caractérisation de copolymères fonctionnels à base de N-vinyl pyrrolidone : élaboration de conjugués copolymère-oligodésoxyribonucléotides et leur utilisation dans le diagnostic médical". Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10332.
Pełny tekst źródłaZhang, Liping. "Utilisation des réseaux sociaux numériques par des étudiants chinois nouvellement arrivés en France : une étude comparative entre Facebook et Renren". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2082.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research aims at comparing digital identity and nature of the peculiarities of interactive written language on two digital social networks (Facebook and Renren). We are interested in the difference between the digital identity of these two digital social networks, one is worldwide used (except a few countries such as China) and the other is mainly used by the Chinese. Is that the digital identity of one person is also the same on these two different social network sites? How the users interact and express vis-à-vis different friends in different digital context? Can the online interactions manifest emotional aspects? In order to respond to these problems, this research questions the digital identity and their function in the identity construction, the relational and social aspects of online interaction, the types of emotions expressed in the online interactions, and the role of emoticon in the expression of emotions of these two digital social networks. The data analysis enables to identify the linguistic, social and emotional phenomena in online interactions of the corpus of study. Interviews and questionnaires clarify the analysis of the experience and the feeling of the different actors. So throughout the description of case use of Facebook and Renren by four newly arrived Chinese students in France, this work attempts to better understand the features of digital identity and interactive exchange of these two digital social networks
Lefèvre, Philippe. "Etude anthropométrique de la main: le volume et son utilisation pour l'aide à l'identification des personnes". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210232.
Pełny tekst źródłaLa mesure du volume de moulage des mains de 109 adultes (dont 14 gauchers) est réalisée à l’aide d’un volumètre à aiguille et plusieurs équations de régression mettent en évidence les relations entre des composantes anthropométriques du corps et de ses segments avec le volume des mains. Ensuite, le volume et des variables spécifiques des mains d’un nouvel échantillon de 88 sujets vivants sont mesurés et leur typologie est également déterminée. Les équations de régression caractérisant les relations entre les variables des mains et la typologie estiment la stature par les longueur et largeur des mains (Main Droite :r² = .66 ;SEE = 4 cm ;Main Gauche :r² = .62 ;SEE = 4,2cm) et le poids par le volume et le périmètre de PII du 5ème doigt (MD :r² = .69 ;SEE = 6.64kg ;MG :r² = .64 ;SEE = 7,13kg). La validation de la méthode est réalisée sur un échantillon analogue mais indépendant de 21 sujets adultes. Le poids de 90.5 % des sujets est estimé avec un écart maximum de 5.98kg et la stature de 76% de l’échantillon avec un écart maximum de 3cm.
De nombreuses techniques ont été élaborées afin de reconstruire le visage à partir du crâne d’une personne disparue ;dans le même ordre d’idée peut-on reconstruire l’aspect virtuel de la peau d’une main en disposant de son squelette ?Des modèles informatisés, par CT Scan, des os et de la peau sont obtenus des mains d’un cadavre et d’un volontaire. Le logiciel Lhp Builder permet la localisation des coordonnées spatiales de points de repères anatomiques osseux des modèles. A partir de 3 repères, les relations spatiales entre les modèles sont établies et employées afin d’interpoler la peau manquante de la main. Le volume de la « peau interpolée » et le volume de la « peau réelle » obtenus par imagerie médicale sont comparés afin de valider la méthode. Une différence de volume de 3.5 % entre les volumes respectifs de la main du cadavre et de la main reconstruite situe le niveau de précision de la méthode.
D’autres manipulations de reconstruction sont exécutées dans des situations analogues au cadre médico-légal (enfouissement en terre de pièces animales, mise en digestion dans des produits caustiques).
Cette première approche méthodologique de reconstruction de la main semble prometteuse et la main reconstruite deviendrait un élément important pour l’identification de personnes disparues./
In our cultural society, three anatomical body parts are usually apparent so visible and thus identifiable: the face and the hands. The hand may be an element of identification specific to each individual and recognizable. By measuring the dismembered hand volume of a person, the typology of this person associating, inter alia measurements of the hand, volume with weight could be determined ?
The volume measurement of casts hands of 109 adults (of which 14 left-handed persons) is realized using a needle volumeter and several regression equations highlight the relations between anthropometrical components of the body and its segments with the hands volume. Then, the hands volume and specific hands variables of a new sample of 88 living subjects are measured and their typology is also determined. The regression equations characterizing the relations between the hands variables and typology estimate the stature by hands length and width (Right hand: r² = 66; SEE = 4 cm; Left hand: r² = 62; SEE = 4,2cm) and the weight by volume and perimeter of PII of the 5 th finger (Right hand: r² = 69; SEE = 6.64kg; Left hand: r² = 64; SEE = 7,13kg). The validation of the method is carried out on a sample similar but independent of 21 adult subjects. The weight of 90.5 % of the subjects is estimated with a maximum difference of 5.98kg and the stature of 76% of the sample with 3cm maximum.
Many techniques were elaborated in order to rebuild the face starting from cranium of a missing person; in the same order can one rebuild the virtual aspect of the hand skin while having its skeleton? From computerized models, by CT Scan, bones and skin are obtained of hands of a corpse and a living volunteer. The software Lhp Builder allows the localization of the 3D co-ordinates of anatomical bones landmarks of the models. From 3 landmarks, the 3D relations between the models are established and used in order to interpolate the missing skin of the hand. The volume of the " interpolated skin " and the volume of the " real skin " obtained by medical imaging are compared in order to validate the method. A volume difference of 3.5 % between respective volumes of the hand corpse and the rebuilt hand estimates the level of precision of the method.
Other experiments of rebuilding are carried out in situations similar to the medico-legal framework (ground hiding of animal parts, digestion in caustic products).
This first methodological approach of hand rebuilding seems promising and the rebuilt hand would become a significant element for the identification of missing people.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Trihi, Mourad. "Etude du polyméthacrylate de méthyle dopé au squalène en vue de son utilisation comme "chronodosimétre" dans le domaine de l'ionisation des aliments et de la stérilisation du matériel médico-pharmaceutique par rayonnements ionisants". Limoges, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIMO301A.
Pełny tekst źródłaWrobel, René. "Étude de la transmission d'impulsions lumineuses délivrées par un laser à XeC1 dans des fibres optiques à usage médical : Utilisation de ce laser à la fragmentation et à l'identification in-vitro de calculs biliaires". Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10082.
Pełny tekst źródłaRenard, Laurence. "Valorisation des bases médico-administratives de l'assurance maladie pour identifier et suivre la progression d'une pathologie, en étudier la prise en charge et estimer l'impact de l'implémentation d'une politique de santé grâce à leur utilisation dans un modèle médico-économique : Application au diabète de type 2 au Luxembourg". Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05S004/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic disease associated with many severe and costly complications. In a context of budgetary constraint, it is necessary to obtain an estimate the amount of resources to allocate to the management of chronic diseases. This includes monitoring the epidemiologic and economic evolutions. A database was built from medico-administrative databases of the national health insurance of Luxembourg. It included the healthcare consumptions associated with diabetes and its complications, of all type 2 diabetic patients treated in Luxembourg between 2000 and 2006. The objectives were to study the fields of use of this database and the possible applications for public health decision-making. This thesis gives some examples. In 2006, T2D prevalence in Luxembourg was 3.79% (N= 17070). An algorithm was built and permitted to identify three stages of diabetic nephropathy (3.77% of T2D cases in 2006). The analysis of the adherence to European follow-up guidelines showed a critical situation associated to several factors (treating physician, type of treatment, living region…). The mean costs associated with patients in dialysis were estimated at 116 647€/patient in 2006. Finally, a health-economic evaluation showed the dominance of a strategy promoting peritoneal dialysis in Luxembourg over the present situation
Maura, Géric. "Utilisation des bases de l'Assurance Maladie pour l'analyse de l'utilisation et de la sécurité des anticoagulants oraux dans la fibrillation auriculaire". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0234.
Pełny tekst źródłaDirect oral anticoagulants (DOAC) were gradually introduced since 2012 in France for stroke and systemic embolism prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF), as a more convenient alternative to vitamin K antagonists (VKA) for which underprescribing and high rates of discontinuation have been frequently reported. As part of the work programme of the Department of Studies in Public Health, French National Health Insurance, the aim of this dissertation was to assess the patterns of use and safety of oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy in real-life setting using the French healthcare databases. First, an algorithm was developed to identify AF in outpatients initiating OAC and for whom no diagnosis of AF was found in the French claims data. Second, 1-year dabigatran and rivaroxaban adherence rates were estimated in nonvalvular AF patients and 1-year non-persistence rates were compared versus VKA. At least 1 in 3 dabigatran or rivaroxaban new users was found to be non-adherent to treatment. Treatment persistence among dabigatran or rivaroxaban new users was not found to be better versus VKA therapy. Third, OAC therapy use was found to have increased following in France between 2011 and 2016 but remained suboptimal with 1 in 3 patients with AF not treated by OAC therapy. Several situations of inappropriate use of DOAC were identified including potential undertreatment by inappropriate dosing. Finally, a sequence symmetry analysis suggested that DOAC therapy is associated with rare but severe liver injury and more frequent gastrointestinal disorders. A low risk of kidney injury with DOAC therapy can also not be excluded. These findings advocate further investigation of the potential risk of DOAC underdosing at initiation and the continuous monitoring of the non-bleeding adverse events of DOAC therapy
Sincan, Premcoumar. "De l'antisepsie à l'asepsie en chirurgie". Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1M128.
Pełny tekst źródłaMlaiki, Alya. "Compréhension de la continuité d'utilisation des réseaux sociaux numériques : Les apports de la théorie du don". Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00794930.
Pełny tekst źródłaBlotière, Pierre-Olivier. "Utilisation des bases de données de l’Assurance Maladie pour l’étude de l’utilisation des antiépileptiques pendant la grossesse et des risques associés à l’exposition in utero chez l’enfant". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0053.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe works of this thesis have been carried out within a programme of pharmacoepidemiological studies initiated by the National Agency of Medicine and Health Product Safety (ANSM) and the National Health Insurance fund (Cnam) in order to evaluate the public health situation in relation to prenatal exposure to valproic acid in France on the basis of the French health care databases. The objective of this thesis was to study antiepileptic drug (AED) use during pregnancy and the risks of congenital malformations and neurodevelopmental disorders associated with prenatal exposure to these drugs. In a first study, we developed an algorithm to identify pregnancy episodes and related outcomes using the French health care claims databases and applied it to study AED use during pregnancy between 2007 and 2014. Over the study period, 6.7 per 1000 pregnancies were exposed to an AED. The use of newer AEDs increased concomitantly with the decreased use of valproic acid and the other older AEDs. In a second study, prenatal exposure to valproic acid was found to be associated with a wide range of malformations among those investigated, with a dose-response relationship for half of them, and prenatal exposure to topiramate with an increased risk of cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Signals concerning pregabalin, clonazepam and phenobarbital have also been identified. In a third study, prenatal exposure to valproic acid was found to be associated with increased risks of all early neurodevelopmental outcomes investigated compared with lamotrigine, with a dose-response relationship. Prenatal exposure to the other AEDs was not associated with an increased risk of any of these neurodevelopmental outcomes versus lamotrigine. Conducting pharmacoepidemiological studies based on the French health care databases enabled the health authorities to rapidly provide data on the use of AED during pregnancy in France. It also brought additional evidence to the international observational literature on the consequences of prenatal exposure to AEDs for the unborn child
Pelletier-De, Rico Sarah, i Rico Sarah Pelletier-De. ""Porte tournante" à l'urgence et usagers fréquents rencontrant des problèmes de santé mentale : la perspective des proches". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38150.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe phénomène de la « porte tournante » dans les services d’urgence préoccupe nombre de gestionnaires et le grand public, mais surtout les usagers et leur famille. Plusieurs études s’attardent à décrire les caractéristiques de ces usagers qui consultent fréquemment dans les urgences. Étant donné que la santé mentale en est un enjeu important, ce mémoire s’intéresse aux usagers fréquents des urgences présentant des problèmes de santé mentale et donne la parole aux proches de ceux-ci. Cette étude exploratoire vise à répondre aux deux questions suivantes : quelles sont les vulnérabilités psychosociales des usagers fréquents des urgences selon leurs proches et quel regard ces derniers posent-ils sur cette situation. Afin de répondre à ces questions, huit entretiens semi-dirigés ont été réalisés auprès de proches d’usagers fréquents présentant des troubles de santé mentale de la région de Québec. Les vulnérabilités psychosociales des usagers dont nous ont parlé les proches concernent principalement des difficultés socioéconomiques, l’isolement social, ainsi qu’une santé précaire. Des patterns de consultation similaires permettent de mettre en lumière trois cas de figure chez les usagers examinés dans le cadre de cette recherche : les personnes âgées qui consultent pour des conditions liées au vieillissement ; les usagers qui se présentent pour des épisodes de crise en lien avec leurs troubles de santé mentale ; les individus qui fréquentent l’urgence pour des malaises physiques divers. Quant au regard des proches, les résultats concernent diverses difficultés rencontrées à naviguer dans le système de santé. Les proches interrogés se disent préoccupés par la situation des usagers et ont à coeur de s’impliquer, acceptant souvent de pallier le manque de services et de ressources. Ce mémoire vient appuyer le fait que les usagers fréquents ne peuvent être considérés comme une population homogène et qu’il est nécessaire de leur offrir des soins et services qui répondent à leurs besoins spécifiques ainsi qu'à ceux de leurs proches.
The "revolving door" phenomenon in emergency departments (ED) is preoccupying for many managers and the general public but especially for users themselves and their families. A number of studies have described the characteristics of these frequent users. Knowing that mental health is an important issue for many of them, this research takes a look at frequent users living with mental health issues and gives a voice to their families. This exploratory study seeks to answer two questions: what are the psychosocial vulnerabilities of ED’s frequent users according to their families and what are these families' perspectives on this subject. To answer these questions, eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with family members of frequent users living with mental health issues. Psychosocial vulnerabilities mentioned by family members were mainly regarding socio-economic difficulties, social isolation as well as precarious health. Three main patterns were also highlighted among the users examined in this research: elderly people visiting ED for motives due to aging; users consulting for crises related to their mental health troubles and people visiting the ED for a variety of physical complaints. Concerning the perspective of family members, results mainly show a variety of difficulties encountered trying to navigate through the health care system. Family members expressed being concerned with the users' situations and their willingness to help the users especially in a context of a lack of services and resources. This research supports the idea that frequent users should not be considered a homogeneous group and that it is necessary to offer them and their caregivers services adapted to their specific needs.
The "revolving door" phenomenon in emergency departments (ED) is preoccupying for many managers and the general public but especially for users themselves and their families. A number of studies have described the characteristics of these frequent users. Knowing that mental health is an important issue for many of them, this research takes a look at frequent users living with mental health issues and gives a voice to their families. This exploratory study seeks to answer two questions: what are the psychosocial vulnerabilities of ED’s frequent users according to their families and what are these families' perspectives on this subject. To answer these questions, eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with family members of frequent users living with mental health issues. Psychosocial vulnerabilities mentioned by family members were mainly regarding socio-economic difficulties, social isolation as well as precarious health. Three main patterns were also highlighted among the users examined in this research: elderly people visiting ED for motives due to aging; users consulting for crises related to their mental health troubles and people visiting the ED for a variety of physical complaints. Concerning the perspective of family members, results mainly show a variety of difficulties encountered trying to navigate through the health care system. Family members expressed being concerned with the users' situations and their willingness to help the users especially in a context of a lack of services and resources. This research supports the idea that frequent users should not be considered a homogeneous group and that it is necessary to offer them and their caregivers services adapted to their specific needs.
François-Purssell, Irène. "Utilisation des latences des potentiels évoqués auditifs du tronc cérébral (PEAtc) dans l'indemnisation des surdités professionnelles : étude comparative du déficit audiométrique et des latences des PEAtc en fonction de l'exposition au bruit, de l’âge et du sexe : application à la réparation médico-légale des surdités d'origine professionnelle". Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS063.
Pełny tekst źródłaCohen, Sarah. "Apport et utilisation des bases de données médico-administratives dans l’étude des problématiques émergentes chez les patients adultes atteints de cardiopathie congénitale Administrative health databases for addressing emerging issues in adults with CHD: a systematic review Accuracy of claim data in the identification and classification of adults with congenital heart diseases in electronic medical records Exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation from cardiac procedures and malignancy risk in adults with congenital heart disease". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB228.
Pełny tekst źródłaCongenital heart diseases (CHD) are the most common types of birth defects and affect approximately 1% of births. Ninety percent of children born with CHD reach now adulthood thanks to improvements of pediatric cardiology and cardiac surgery. These "survivors" are not definitively cured. They are prone to cardiac or extra cardiac complications and specific issues that justify an increase in consumption of healthcare. The need for population-based studies worldwide has led to secondary analyses of administrative medical databases (AMD). The objective of this thesis was to study the conditions of use of the AMD and their possible applications, specifically to understand the emerging issues of this new adult population with CHD (ACHD). The first part of this work was to systematically describe all the studies that had used AMD to specifically explore the issues of ACHD patients. This review showed the value of these databases in the field of ACHD: the large numbers of patients allows studying relatively rare diseases and the availability of comprehensive data over long periods of follow-up enables to study cardiac and extra cardiac complications even when the occurrence is delayed. In France, claim databases use the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10), the reliability of which is still largely unknown in this context. The second part of this work was therefore to study the performances of ICD-10 to identify and classify ACHD patients in the data warehouse of the Georges Pompidou European Hospital which has a dedicated specialized ACHD Unit. The third part of this thesis reported a concrete example of the use of AMD. Based on the Quebec Congenital Heart Disease Database derived from Quebec’s AMD, our goal was to evaluate the association between exposure to ionizing radiation from cardiac procedures and the risk of cancer in ACHD. Indeed, the improvement in the life expectancy of patients with CHD and the increasing use of cardiac imaging modalities using ionizing radiations may have a carcinogenic effect in the long term. Although not designed for research purposes, this thesis showed that AMD are a particularly relevant tool for generating new knowledge about ACHD patients through the comprehensiveness of information, the possibility of extracting large samples of patients with a longitudinal follow-up over long periods of observation. The exploitation of electronic medical records through text mining methods could then be used to develop and validate algorithms to identify CHD patients in AMD. In France, although efforts have been made to create an effective multi-center collaborative program, there is currently no significant epidemiological data for all ACHDs. Secondary analysis of existing resources, such as the National Health Data System, would establish the national ACHD cohort and analyze their care pathway in order to guide healthcare resources allocation
Giusti, Igor. "Changer d’angle de vue pour concevoir autrement l’action publique ? Le cas des déserts médicaux au prisme des parcours de soins". Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM054.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis dissertation deals with the concept of medical desert. Despite widespread use of the word by the media and political representatives, identifying medical deserts is far from easy for public authorities. Spotting inequalities in access to health services requires to identify users’ needs wherever they live. However, health needs are individualized. Besides, an individual does not fully know his needs. We must therefore understand how public authorities themselves appreciate this object and how they design actions accordingly to regulate care access. This is our purpose in this dissertation. We led an action research with the Regional Health Agency of Corsica in order to analyze how public actions are designed to regulate care access inequalities. We show in particular how the care pathway approach can highlight the diversity of inequalities in a medical desert thanks to a more global modeling of health needs. Fighting medical deserts is no longer limited to guaranteeing the presence of health professionals locally. It also relies on ensuring equality between citizens in the continuity of their care pathway. Yet, territories and individuals specificities suggest a strong heterogeneity between these pathways, which is difficult to manage at a national level. We then evaluate feasibility of a bottom-up innovative public action to reduce inequalities in care access. Through a slow, fragile and complex process, local actions can still address territorial specificities without ignoring a national regulatory and institutional framework. However, multiplying these proximity experiments requires new national-level criteria to select and rank projects. Hence, we recommend methods often used to manage the exploration of the unknown
Hervouet, Lucile. "Hôpital et médecine de ville face au cancer : Les enjeux de la coordination de la prise en charge des malades atteints de cancer au sein de réseaux de santé". Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H042.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work deals with the relationships between hospital and general practice, while caring for people suffering from cancer. It focuses on what is at stake in the coordination of these healthcare network actors. In order to clarify the process of formalization of coordination in cancer’s care system, we identified actor’s goals and causes of the convergence of their concerns. Firstly, we described the process of definition of coordination as a problem in the policy of fight against cancer and the selection of an instrument to solve this problem. Secondly, thanks to a qualitative and quantitative methodology, we understood the way “social actors” play with the coordination issue. We described perceptions and practices of patients, General Practitioners and Hospital Doctors and the conditions of subscription to formal health networks. The study showed that their subscription depends on symbolic and strategic variables
Guindo, Abdoulaye. "L’hôpital « pour de vrai » : une ethnographie de l’ordinaire d’un service de pédiatrie à Bamako au Mali". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0061/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is an ethnographic study of a hospital through its pediatric department. The research question relates to practical norms and their effects on the quality of care for sick children. This qualitative study addresses jointly the diachronic and the synchronous dimensions of the hospital. The diachronic dimension develops the history of the construction of pediatrics at the intersection of three data domains: a medical specialty with pediatricians, a type of patient (childhood) and various transformations of sensitivities. The synchronous dimension followed the care path of 25 sick children and the thematic analysis of 122 interviews. It informs the daily life of the pediatric department of the Gabriel Touré University Hospital Center in Bamako (Mali). Our study highlighted, the divide between institutional arrangements and the empirical processes of care. This divide is influenced by social traditions and practices, but also by the behavioral logics of health workers at all levels of the patient's pathway. Limited financial resources of the parents and the ineffectiveness of the various medical technics and materials are also important explanatory factors of this divide. Those elements, together, make it complicated to respect the institutional norms and deconstruct the profession and the medical act. The concept of “child actor” is emerging in the relations between children and adults. This role of actor is often difficult for some children from disadvantaged groups, as they are expected to remain in their position of social younger, subject to the decisions of the elders
Avillach, Paul. "Du système d'information clinique au système d'information épidémiologique : apport de l'intéropérabilité sémantique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20697.
Pełny tekst źródłaMedical information collected during clinical care must be re-used to address other more collective goals. In this context of re-using data from a clinical information system for epidemiological research, the objective of this work is to study the contribution of semantic interoperability across a number of practical situations we have met and discussed which illustrate the nature of semantic consistency problems associated with processing of medical data.Coexistence at a given time, of several semantic repositories should not be considered as an obstacle to interoperability. Generic tools can be designed and developed to move seamlessly from one component to another with as little loss of information as possible. The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) is one of the semantic integration tools. Its use in this work shows the generality of this method and its potential for solving this class of semantic interoperability problems.The richness of each of the terminology can, when combined into a single pivot semantic repository, enrich the set of terminologies individually for a better representation of knowledge.Semantic interoperability improves the availability and quality of reusable data for public health research. It also enriches existing data. It provides access to new sources of data, aggregated in a valid manner, allowing benchmarking or richer analysis
Monvoisin, Richard. "Pour une didactique de l'esprit critique - Zététique et utilisation des interstices pseudoscientifiques dans les médias". Phd thesis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00207746.
Pełny tekst źródłaS'il a été question dans la première partie de prendre les précautions philosophiques et épistémologiques incontournables de la démarche scientifique — matérialisme, rationalisme et scepticisme notamment — et de les rendre enseignables, la deuxième partie a approfondi les spécificités des champs dits pseudoscientifiques et ‘paranormaux' qui fournissent aussi bien des mises en scène fantasmatiques courantes de la connaissance que, poussées à leur extrême, de tragiques aliénations.
La troisième partie s'est essayée à donner quelques éléments de compréhension des enjeux de la vulgarisation scientifique dans un contexte médiatique marchand, avec la description de quelques-unes des contraintes médiatiques s'exerçant sur le savoir savant qui vont jusqu'à parfois dénaturer ce dernier. Enfin la quatrième partie, prenant pour base les supports de vulgarisation les plus communs, dresse une sémiologie d'outils spécifiques pour prévenir les interstices pseudoscientifiques, qu'ils prennent des formes lexicales, rhétoriques, argumentatives ou scénaristiques.
Ces outils ont la spécificité, outre d'être des objets conceptuels zététiques, d'avoir été enseignés et remaniés in situ, durant quatre années d'enseignements à l'esprit critique dans l'enceinte de l'Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble 1, sur les trois cycles universitaires de plusieurs filières. Ils fournissent une gamme de séquences didactiques exploitables facilement pour tout enseignant percevant tant la nécessité scientifique que sanitaire et « citoyenne » d'élaborer chez les étudiants des modes d'autodéfense intellectuelle vis-à-vis des sollicitations pseudoscientifiques, pseudomédicales et spiritualistes qui ne manqueront pas de leur échoir.
Bamvita, Wansuanganyi Jean-Marie. "Facteurs favorisants et obstacles à l'utilisation des services de soins de première ligne et des services d'urgence par les utilisateurs de drogues injectables". Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6672.
Pełny tekst źródłaSoto, Mauricio. "Facteurs liés à l’adoption du dossier médical électronique (DME): une étude de cas sur le processus d'implantation d’un DME dans un groupe de médecine de famille". Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9218.
Pełny tekst źródłaWith the hope of improving the efficiency, effectiveness, quality, and safety of health care, most countries have made or are making investments to computerize their health systems. Despite the allocation of huge resources, the implementation of electronic medical records (EMR) has experienced significant resistance by end-users. Several theoretical models have been used to explain the adoption of an EMR by health care professionals, and a variety of factors acting on different levels have been identified: individual, organizational and related to the technology itself. The objective of this research is to deepen the level of knowledge about the factors influencing the adoption of EMRs by health professionals. This research is a single case study with nine interviews and one non-participant observation during the one-year period following the completion of the EMR-KinLogix implementation process in the Family Physician Group that is a part of the Health and Social Service Center Southwest Verdun (Montreal, Canada). The analysis identified facilitators and barriers to adoption. Facilitators were perceived usefulness, the decision of the family physician group to implement the EMR, managerial support, and the presence of champions and super users. The most important barriers were negative impact on clinical work, the fragmentation of information in the EMR and the problems of technical infrastructure. This knowledge will contribute to the challenge of outlining strategies for successful implementation of electronic medical records.
Faye, Cheikh. "Utilisation sur le lieu de travail des compétences acquises par la formation : analyse évaluative d'un programme de formation visant la prévention primaire des maux de dos chez du personnel soignant". Thèse, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5664/1/D2524.pdf.
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