Artykuły w czasopismach: „Media coverage of war”

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Nwankpa, Nduka, Agnes Ezeji i Solomon Chile. "One war, different coverage: Exploring cultural influences on international media framing of the Iraq War". American Journal of Communication 3, nr 1 (3.03.2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajc.665.

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The aim of the study was to demonstrate in empirical terms how cultural forces shape media coverage of global events. To buttress this fact, the spotlight was on international media coverage of the war in Iraq. The Iraq War was a defining media event. To underpin cultural influences on the war coverage, the paper reviewed five studies (Ravi, 2005; Dimitrova & Connolly-Ahern, 2007; Kolmer & Semetko, 2009; Barker, 2012, Gou et al., 2015) on the coverage of the war in different countries. Results revealed that the cultural context within which each news source was situated shaped the news representation of the war. The cultural factors that influenced the coverage were beyond the control of journalists and their media organizations, suggesting that culture is an important variable that should be considered when studying news production and coverage. The findings reinforce the widely held view that news production is shaped by competing influences, including cultural values.

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Yang, Zheng. "War Metaphors in Chinese Digital Media Coverage of COVID-19". Networking Knowledge: Journal of the MeCCSA Postgraduate Network 14, nr 1 (5.07.2021): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31165/nk.2021.141.608.

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War metaphors have been found to be the most frequently used metaphors for conceptualizing diseases, epidemic and medicine. During the COVID-19 epidemic, war metaphors have been found to be widely used in both online and offline coverage. This study mainly focuses on how war metaphors were used in Chinese social media coverage about the COVID-19 epidemic. Using the method of semantic network analysis and the account of The People’s Daily on the Chinese social media platform Weibo as an example, the findings show that war metaphors are widely used in the digital coverage of COVID-19. Compared with defensive metaphors and war process metaphors, offensive war metaphors are appearing much more frequently in digital coverage, and often with the use of national collective subjects. These two characteristics highlight how digital coverage uses militarized metaphors to mobilize and inspire enthusiasm among the Chinese people, and to strengthen the Chinese government’s control in dealing with the COVID-19 epidemic.

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Windrich, Elaine. "Media Coverage of the Angolan Elections". Issue: A Journal of Opinion 22, nr 1 (1994): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700501760.

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American media coverage of Angola’s first multi-party elections, held on 29-30 September 1992, was based on a number of misconceptions which were derived from an enduring Cold War perspective, a deference to the Bush administration agenda and a conviction that free and fair elections were synonymous with “democracy.”

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Ottosen, Rune. "The Norwegian Media Image of the War in Afghanistan". Nordicom Review 26, nr 1 (1.05.2005): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nor-2017-0249.

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Abstract This article analyzes the framing of Norwegian media coverage of the war against terror in Afghanistan with special emphasis of the coverage of the Norwegian military presence in Afghanistan. Two main issues are discussed: 1. How was the start of the war covered in the media in October 2001? 2. In what context was the Norwegian military presence covered? The two newspapers analyzed are Aftenposten and VG. The choice of these two newspapers was made to include Norway’s largest and potentially most influential morning paper (Aftenposten) and its largest tabloid, as well as largest newspaper (VG). Quantitative as well as qualitative methods are used to analyze the coverage. Both Aftenposten’s and VG’s coverage on the first day of the war in Afghanistan are dominated by pro-US framing and the use of Western sources. The pro-US framing is more obvious in Aftenposten than in VG.

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Dr. Bakht Rawan i Syed Inam ur Rahman. "Comparative Frame Analysis of Coverage of Kashmir Conflict in Indian and Pakistani Newspapers from War/Peace Journalism Perspective". sjesr 3, nr 2 (28.06.2020): 338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol3-iss2-2020(338-345).

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The study analyzes press coverage of Kashmir conflict in Indian and Pakistani leading English newspapers from war/peace journalism perspective. The results show that print media of both the countries were more war-oriented than peace. They were following respective national policies in reporting the Kashmir conflict. War journalism indicators in the coverage of the conflict had outnumbered the peace-journalism indicators. The results confirm previous research studies’ findings regarding the role (negative) of national media in de-escalation of inter-state conflicts. It indicates that conventional media prioritizes coverage of possible conflict scenario in war frames and ignores peace approaches and hence fuels the conflicts further.

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N. Prokhorova, Olga, Igor V. Chekulai, Olga I. Agafonova, Elena V. Pupynina, Oksana V. Markelova i Marina S. Matytsina. "POLITICAL METAPHOR IN CORONAVIRUS MEDIA COVERAGE". Revista de Investigaciones Universidad del Quindío 34, S2 (14.06.2022): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33975/riuq.vol34ns2.874.

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This present study is aimed at taking a look at the Covid-19 coverage in political discourse considering the metaphor-based method. This article mainly aims at examining the substantial role of metaphor as well as language in a manner we understand and converse as special metaphorical notions seem to be the fundamental mechanisms of forming actuality in the prevailing era. Discourse and cognitive analysis along with modeling, statistical and contextual analyses are taken into account to accomplish the study’s objectives. The study’s outcomes acquired demonstrate that nowadays, dominant sorts of metaphors, including war or military metaphors and catastrophe and animal ones. The mentioned metaphors are examined in political discourses on a gross scale.

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Seheda, Olha. "COVERAGE OF UKRAINE’S NATIONAL LIBERATION WAR IN KUWAITI MEDIA". Visnyk of the Lviv University, nr 42 (2022): 328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/pps.2022.42.43.

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Lü, Yixu. "GERMANY'S WAR IN CHINA: MEDIA COVERAGE AND POLITICAL MYTH". German Life and Letters 61, nr 2 (kwiecień 2008): 202–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0483.2008.00419.x.

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Shinar, Dov, i Gina Stoiciu. "Media representations of socio-political conflict: The Romanian Revolution and the Gulf War". Gazette (Leiden, Netherlands) 50, nr 2-3 (październik 1992): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001654929205000208.

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Why do prestigious Western newspapers and broadcasting organizations fail in the coverage of sociopolitical conflict? Are media bungles in the last decade – such as in Lebanon, Grenada, Panama, the West Bank, Eastern Europe, the Gulf War and other cases1 – isolated instances? Do they indicate the evolution of a consistent pattern? The coverage of the Romanian revolution and the Gulf War in the Western media is used here for a comparative examination of these questions. Conclusions of a detailed analysis of the Romanian case are applied to the coverage of the Gulf War, and theoretical implications are discussed.

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Prokhorova, Olga N., Igor V. Chekulai, Olga I. Agafonova, Elena V. Pupynina, Oksana V. Markelova i Marina S. Matytsina. "Political metaphor in Covid-19 media coverage". LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, Extra-D (10.07.2021): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020217extra-d1061p.15-21.

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The article is meant to look at the COVID-19 coverage in political discourse in the frames of the metaphor based approach. The authors aimed at examining the role of language and metaphor in the way we speak and understand as particular metaphorical concepts appear to be key mechanisms of shaping the reality in these times. The results introduced in the article show that currently predominating types of metaphors such as military or war metaphors, animal and catastrophe metaphors. The above metaphors are studied in political discourses on the gross scale.

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Eilders, Christiane. "Media under fire: Fact and fiction in conditions of war". International Review of the Red Cross 87, nr 860 (1.12.2005): 639–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383100184474.

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AbstractThe article reviews recentfindings on the quality of war reporting, the conditions under which it takes place, the information policies of the warring parties and their effects. Focusing on German media coverage of the 1991 Gulf war, the Kosovo war and the 2003 Iraq war, it discusses both typical shortcomings of reporting and recent improvements, highlights information control strategies and proposes standards for war reporting.

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Radebe, Mandla. "New features of media imperialism: The South African online media and the coverage of the Ukrainian war". Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa 41, nr 2 (15.12.2022): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v41i2.1407.

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The coverage of the war in Ukraine has unravelled inherent biases within the South African online commercial media. These biases are largely driven by its location within the global capitalist power structures, thus confirming continuities of media imperialism. By relying on Western sources, this media invariably exports Western norms, standards, hegemonic narrative and worldview. This paper employs content analysis to examine the coverage of the war by five South African online publications (News24, IOL, TimesLive, Citizen.co.za and BusinessTech) between January and February 2022. The coverage was largely negative because of concerns about the impact on global markets. The West’s dominant views are discernible due to the chosen sources, with over 80 per cent coming from its newswires. Similarly, the opinions of Western political and business leaders and their business and economic analysts are prevalent. While it is expected for stories to be framed from a conflict perspective, it is the economic consequences frame that also drives the coverage, with Russia blamed, as reflected in the predominant theme “Russia’s unprovoked invasion of Ukraine”. While there have been fundamental developments since the concept of media imperialism emerged, this coverage points to some continuities. It is precisely for this reason that the South African media should develop partnership beyond the West, more so, in the context of the growing importance of BRICS.

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Hussain, Shabbir. "Analysis of Pakistan Print Media Narrative on the War on Terror". International Journal of Crisis Communication 1, nr 1 (3.08.2017): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31907/2617-121x.2017.01.01.06.

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This study examines the coverage of the Taliban conflict in four leading national newspapers of Pakistan from January 2014 to July 2014 from war and peace journalism perspective. The theoretical framework for this research is determined by peace journalism and framing theories, while the sample was selected by applying the systematic random sampling method. The findings, based on a content analysis of 821 stories from the four newspapers, indicate that the Pakistani media are inclined more towards war journalism framing than peace journalism framing in their coverage of the Taliban conflict. The two Urdu dailies namely Nawa-i-Waqt and Express have a stronger preference for war than peace compared to the two English dailies namely Dawn and The News International. Consistent with the existing peace journalism scholarship, the findings of this study also show that the newspapers not only toed and supported the official version on this home-grown conflict but also marginalized and undermined alternative voices calling for a peaceful resolution of this years-long conflict. Keywords: War on terror, conflict coverage, peace journalism, national security, propaganda.

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Wong, Linda S., i Bruce K. Alexander. "“Cocaine-Related” Deaths: Media Coverage in the War on Drugs". Journal of Drug Issues 21, nr 1 (styczeń 1991): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269102100109.

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Kane, June. "Top End Media at War: Press Coverage of Kangaroo 89". Media Information Australia 55, nr 1 (luty 1990): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9005500111.

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Gunter, Barrie. "The Public and Media Coverage of the War on Iraq". Globalizations 6, nr 1 (marzec 2009): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14747730802692484.

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Robinson, Piers. "Operation Restore Hope and the Illusion of a News Media Driven Intervention". Political Studies 49, nr 5 (grudzień 2001): 941–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00348.

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US intervention in Somalia (1992) and Iraq (1991) are held as evidence for a more powerful media in the post Cold War era and the thesis that media coverage of suffering people is a major cause of humanitarian intervention. This paper investigates the role of mass media during the 1992 decision to deploy ground troops in Somalia. A media influence model is outlined and then applied to the decision to intervene in Somalia. The research indicates that significant levels of media attention actually followed the intervention decision and that this coverage was framed in a way that built support for the intervention. I conclude there is little evidence to support the claim that media coverage compelled policy makers to intervene or that media coverage was a major factor in policy deliberations. Overall, the role of media in causing intervention in Somalia has been substantially overplayed, instead other factors are likely to have had a far greater effect in causing the intervention. This finding challenges both the thesis that media coverage is a major cause of the deployment of ground troops during humanitarian crisis and suggests caution be exercised with regard to post-Cold War claims of a more powerful and influential media.

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Kim, Jin K. "Psychological Warfare During the Korean War". Communication and Culture in Korea 13, nr 1 (6.06.2003): 29–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.13.1.04kim.

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This study examines how the effects of Cold War rhetoric, especially Korean War-era psychological warfare, manifest dramatically in media coverage of crises or conflicts involving the former adversaries of the Cold War in the Far East. After identifying major clusters of the Korean War-era rhetorical polemics from various psywar leaflets, this study demonstrates how the effects of political self-indoctrination have surfaced in the U.S. and Chinese media coverage of the 1991–94 North Korean nuclear weapons development crisis, the North Korean famine crisis of the mid-1990s, the South Korean financial crisis of 1997–98 and the U.S. bombing of the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade in 1999. The study contends that various “enemy images,” cultivated and reinforced through the process of self-indoctrination over an extended period, have provided a journalistic framing device which ultimately contributes to a non-dialogic media-based political discourse among the former adversaries of the Korean War.

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Forster, Martin. "Talking to young children about war". Early Years Educator 23, nr 11 (2.06.2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/eyed.2022.23.11.6.

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While media coverage has slowed since Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the indirect impact of this war will have far reaching consequences. The shocking scenes painted across news outlets and social media of human atrocities, hostages and burning buildings is enough to cause anxiety in a mature adult, let alone a child in their early years.

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Din, Jamal Ud, Muhammad Ahmed Qadri i Root ul Amin Khan. "Indo-Pak Media Approach towards Peace and War Journalism during the Policy Crisis: Analyzing the Coverage of Pulwama Attack and Balakot Air-Strike in daily Dawn and The Hindu". Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences 4, nr 2 (5.06.2021): 421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/ramss.v4i2.143.

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This study contently examines the media coverage of Pulwama attack and Balakot air strike in daily Dawn and The Hindu, wherein the total 162 news stories on both the selected issues were thoroughly analyzed in the broader perspective of peace journalism. Supporting the core theoretical assumptions of indexing theory [media follow the guidelines of elites] and policy-media interaction model [media tow the government’s policy line], the Indo-Pak media employ, to some extent, peace journalism, especially at the time of policy crisis. However, the study shows mixed results as the Indian newspaper, owing to prevailing political environment in India, was more inclined towards war journalism 38.8% as compare to the war-oriented 12.2% coverage in daily Dawn. On other hand, the findings indicate high level of tendency in daily Dawn i.e. 53.7% towards peace journalism, comparing with 23.8% peace-oriented coverage in daily The Hindu.

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Materynska, Olena. "ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS: MASS-MEDIA COVERAGE OF NEW CHALLENGES IN GERMAN-LANGUAGE MASS MEDIA". Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Literary Studies. Linguistics. Folklore Studies, nr 31 (2022): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2659.2022.31.06.

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This study focuses on the coverage of environmental threats in the German-language media. The methodology of this study is based on the ecolinguistic approach, particularly the achievements of media ecology, identifying the harmonization of the media space as a priority for journalism and a relevant area for linguistic studies. The German-language media focuses on the environmental challenges caused by the war in Ukraine, the threat of imminent climate change, and the COVID-19 pandemic. The effectiveness of their media presentation by the lexical and stylistic means is becoming relevant for linguistic research. The anthropocentric worldview of the human being causes a significant manipulative effect of anthropomorphic metaphor on the reader and helps to promote a conscious attitude to the environment. The distinguished models of metaphor and metonymy, used to increase the emotional plane of the described content, indicate the possibility of their use as a tool for awakening ecolinguistic consciousness. The socio- and psycholinguistic experiment determined the peculiarities of the German-speaking respondents' reception of publications on environmental issues. Representatives of the younger generation (mostly students) were interviewed, which allowed forming an idea of their interest in overcoming ecological problems and finding out popular sources of information about them. The impossibility of an immediate comprehensive expert assessment of the consequences of the war in Ukraine for all ecosystems determines further research into the means of media attention to this issue.

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Hussain, Shabbir. "United Nation’s Media Reporting of Peacekeeping Operations on Syrian Conflict: Perspective of Peace Journalism". International Journal of Crisis Communication 1, nr 1 (3.08.2017): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31907/2617-121x.2017.01.01.07.

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This study examines the coverage of the Taliban conflict in four leading national newspapers of Pakistan from January 2014 to July 2014 from war and peace journalism perspective. The theoretical framework for this research is determined by peace journalism and framing theories, while the sample was selected by applying the systematic random sampling method. The findings, based on a content analysis of 821 stories from the four newspapers, indicate that the Pakistani media are inclined more towards war journalism framing than peace journalism framing in their coverage of the Taliban conflict. The two Urdu dailies namely Nawa-i-Waqt and Express have a stronger preference for war than peace compared to the two English dailies namely Dawn and The News International. Consistent with the existing peace journalism scholarship, the findings of this study also show that the newspapers not only toed and supported the official version on this home-grown conflict but also marginalized and undermined alternative voices calling for a peaceful resolution of this years-long conflict. Keywords: War on terror, conflict coverage, peace journalism, national security, propaganda.

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Redden, Guy. "Read the Whole Thing: Journalism, Weblogs and the Re-Mediation of the War in Iraq". Media International Australia 109, nr 1 (listopad 2003): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0310900114.

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This paper examines a particular form of online activity — weblogging — and how it has allowed for specific new forms of popular political communication in the context of the Second Gulf War. After describing the basics of weblogging, the paper discusses Western media coverage of the war and then shows how ‘warbloggers’ positioned themselves vis-à-vis media coverage and propaganda, creating commentaries that frequently combined media and political criticism. While bloggers of every political hue offered a range of perspectives and personal styles, some general tendencies are evident in warblogging discourse. The piece ends by questioning the significance of warblogging in terms of its potential contribution to democratic communication.

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Perez de Fransius, Marianne. "Peace journalism case study: US media coverage of the Iraq War". Journalism: Theory, Practice & Criticism 15, nr 1 (30.01.2013): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884912470313.

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Zelizer, Barbie. "Seeing the Present, Remembering the Past: Terror’s Representation as an Exercise in Collective Memory". Television & New Media 19, nr 2 (20.03.2017): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527476417695592.

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This article argues that media events can be fruitfully understood as an exercise in collective memory. It considers how coverage of the so-called war on terror draws from a deep memory of the Cold War. In drawing from that mnemonic scheme, terror’s current representation as an ideological war prosecuted patiently across time assures its seeming success even when its main media events underscore the war’s failure.

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Safdar, Aasima, Samia Manzoor i Ayesha Qamar. "British Public Perception towards Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq". Global Regional Review III, nr I (30.12.2018): 503–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(iii-i).37.

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This article seeks to explore the perception of the British informants regarding the Afghanistan war 2001 and Iraq war 2003. Heavy users of British media were interviewed. The present article adopts the qualitative approach and ten in-depth interviews were conducted by the British informants. It was found that the British informants considered the 9/11 attacks as a tragic incident and Al Qaeda was held responsible for this. They supported their governments policies to curb terrorism but they highly condemned human causalities during the Afghanistan and Iraq wars. Particularly, they condemned their governments policy about Iraq war 2003. Regarding, the British media coverage of these wars, there was mixed opinion. Some of them considered that British media gave biased coverage to the wars however; few thought that media adopted a balanced approach. Overall, they stressed that the government should take responsible action against terrorism and human causalities should be avoided.

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Oosterman, Allison. "‘The silence of the Sphinx’: The delay in organising media coverage of World War II". Pacific Journalism Review 20, nr 2 (31.12.2014): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v20i2.173.

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None of those New Zealand men who served as official war correspondents in World War II are alive today to tell their stories. It is left to the media historian to try and piece together their lives and actions, always regretting that research had not started sooner. Sadly there is more information available about World War I and the life and actions of Malcolm Ross, the country’s first official war correspondent, than there is about New Zealand’s World War II correspondents. Nevertheless, remembering the work of these journalists is important, so this is a first attempt at chronicling the circumstances surrounding the appointment of the first of the official correspondents, John Herbert Hall and Robin Templeton Miller, for the 1939-45 conflict. The story of the appointment of men to cover the war, whether as press correspondents, photographers, artists or broadcasters, is one of ‘absurd delays’ which were not resolved until nearly two years of the war had passed.

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Tuzov, Viktor. "War or Peace Journalism? Study of Media Coverage by Russian Media Outlets of the Trade War Between China and the USA". Central European Journal of Communication 14, nr 2(29) (28.12.2021): 217–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.51480/1899-5101.14.2(29).2.

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In recent years, the trade war between China and USA became one of the most important crises not only in global economic relations, but also in the international political agenda. The trade war between the world’s major powers also involved the core countries from differing regions, due to the significance of the trading streams between China and the USA. Therefore, Russia as one of the core countries was also affected by this trade war and attempted to develop own policy and economic relations towards the two sides. The current research is devoted to analysing the Russian media coverage of the trade war between China and USA based on content analysis and the implication of structural differences existing in the current Russian media system into war and peace journalism paradigms.

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Klein, Reisa, i Michèle Martin. "Women's War: Media Representations of Female Civil Labour during World War I". Canadian Journal of Media Studies 14, nr 1 (1.06.2016): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/cjmsrcem.v14i1.6473.

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This paper looks at the coverage of women’s civil labour during WWI in two magazines, Maclean’s in Canada and L’Illustration in France, supplemented with material from war museums and academic works. Our concern is media representations of the indispensible participation of these women, not as victims and passive entities in the conflict, but as individuals who have significantly contributed to the war effort. We contend that the magazines’ content did not reflect the magnitude of women’s civil labour during WWI and the importance they had not only in sustaining the war effort, maintaining a general level of production that would allow their countries to remain significantly involved in the war, but also in their contribution to the modernisation of society.

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Jansen, Sue Curry, i Don Sabo. "The Sport/War Metaphor: Hegemonic Masculinity, the Persian Gulf War, and the New World Order". Sociology of Sport Journal 11, nr 1 (marzec 1994): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.11.1.1.

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Sport/war metaphors during the Persian Gulf War were crucial rhetorical resources for mobilizing the patriarchal values that construct, mediate, and maintain hegemonic forms of masculinity. Theory is grounded in an analysis of the language used during coverage of the war in electronic and print news media, as well as discourse in the sport industry and sport media. Various usages of the sport/war metaphor are discussed. It is argued that sport/war metaphors reflected and reinforced the multiple systems of domination that rationalized the war and strengthened the ideological hegemony of white Western male elites.

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Griffin, Michael, i Jongsoo Lee. "Picturing the Gulf War: Constructing an Image of War in Time, Newsweek, and U.S. News & World Report". Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 72, nr 4 (grudzień 1995): 813–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909507200405.

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Despite numerous commentaries on Gulf War reporting, there has been little systematic analysis of the visual depiction of the war. This study reports the findings of a visual content analysis of 1,104 war-related pictures appearing in Time, Newsweek, and U.S. News & World Report during “Desert Storm.” The analysis indicates that a narrowly limited range of images, with a special emphasis on cataloguing military weaponry and technology, dominated the pictorial coverage. Moreover, the scarcity of pictures depicting ongoing events in the Gulf contradicts the impression of first-hand media coverage promoted during the conflict.

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Malinkina, Olga V., i Douglas M. McLeod. "From Afghanistan to Chechnya: News Coverage by Izvestia and the New York Times". Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 77, nr 1 (marzec 2000): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769900007700104.

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This study analyzed newspaper coverage of conflicts in Afghanistan and Chechnya by the New York Times and the Russian newspaper Izvestia to examine the impact of political change on news coverage. The Soviet Union's dissolution included dramatic changes to the Russian media system. In addition, the dissipation of the Cold War changed the foreign policy of the United States. A content analysis revealed that the changes to the media system in Russia had a profound impact on Izvestia's coverage, but political changes had little impact on the New York Times' coverage.

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Harris, Leslie. "Apocalyptic television". Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa 14, nr 2 (7.11.2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v14i2.1922.

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Since the beginning of the decade the world has shrunk through the growth of global mass communication and Information highways. Greater access to Information makes the consumer more susceptible to propaganda, disguised by Information providers as objective information. A prime example of this manipulation occurred during the Gulf War of 1991 . Through effective use of propaganda techniques the Bush administration created a situation torclng the western world to Involve itself in a domestic dispute In the Middle East Prime benenclarles were the Bush Administration, and George Bush himself, who at the time was seeking re-election as president of the United States. Analysis of media coverage of the war, particularly the coverage on CNN, will show how the mass media assisted the administration In creating and sustaining the climate for war. Two of the world's current "hot spots" will be considered briefly against the framework of the Gulf War- the military intervention in Haiti for Its .Similarities and change In South Afnea for the perspective it provides on television coverage of world events.

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Shaheen, Lubna, i Muhammad Tarique. "The Searching Peace through War: The Presentation of Pakistan Govt Talks with Therik Taliban Pakistan in National Press". Information & Media 93 (4.05.2022): 108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/im.2022.93.63.

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After over two decades of violence, loss of thousands of civilians, displacement of tens of thousands of people, and damages to key infrastructure in Pakistan by Tehrik e Taliban Pakistan (TTP), the central government decided to talk with them in 2014. These peace talks were as vital as their failure could lead inevitably to a longer war. This study is about the coverage given by the Pakistani national press on these peace talks and the military operation followed by it. It is evaluated that how far print media played their role either in initiating peace or instigating war. With this intention, Johan Galtung's theory of Peace Journalism was applied. Analyzing the contents of four elite national English and Urdu dailies the study concluded that the mainstream press portrayed the peace talks with a considerable difference throughout peace talks, which had undermined the government approach of bringing peace. War-oriented coverage of the operation tells that whatever would be the situation media would sensationalize it. Within the news stories, mixed expressions were seen towards both peace and war but the overall coverage remained war-oriented.

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Keith, Susan. "Forgetting the Last Big War". American Behavioral Scientist 56, nr 2 (29.11.2011): 204–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764211419356.

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This article reports the results of a study of coverage of the 65th anniversary of the liberation of Paris published in French newspapers, newsmagazines, and online news media in 2009. Building on a previous study of images of the liberation in Parisian newspapers at the 60th anniversary in 2004, it provides empirical evidence for the conventional wisdom that less anniversary journalism is produced in non-decennial than decennial anniversaries. In addition, the article shows that visual coverage of the 65th anniversary of the liberation was even more reductive than coverage of the 60th, concentrating almost exclusively on images of French joy and authority and forgoing more problematic representations of German occupiers, French collaborationists, and U.S. troops. Finally, the article argues that this sparse and reductive view of the liberation of Paris has the potential to affect collective memories of the event as it recedes into the past and the number of living French citizens who remember it firsthand declines.

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Rafail, Patrick, John D. McCarthy i Samuel Sullivan. "LOCAL RECEPTIVITY CLIMATES AND THE DYNAMICS OF MEDIA ATTENTION TO PROTEST*". Mobilization: An International Quarterly 24, nr 1 (1.03.2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-24-1-1.

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Research on media attention to social movements generally examines a small sample of media outlets and a diverse sample of protest events. This approach has produced significant insight into the type of protests covered by the media but has minimized the role of media organizations. This study flips the approach taken by prior work: we examine coverage patterns of 1,498 nationally coordinated but highly comparable vigils against the Iraq War in 426 U.S. newspapers. We show that protest coverage is shaped by local receptivity climates, which emphasize the organizational and contextual features of media environments that influence media attention. We show that larger newspapers, those that covered the Iraq War more extensively, and those in areas supporting the Democratic Party devoted more attention to the vigils. Our results bridge the gap between the features of protest events that are newsworthy and the organizational routines that structure journalistic work.

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Groshek, Jacob, i Lanier Frush Holt. "When official consensus equals more negativity in media coverage: Broadcast television news and the (re-)indexing of the ‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell’ repeal". Media, War & Conflict 10, nr 2 (9.08.2016): 189–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750635216661650.

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Media coverage surrounding the repeal of the ‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell’ (DADT) military policy was analyzed to examine how tones in coverage change over time and along the contours of increases in official consensus. In advancing the concept of indexing beyond actual military conflict, or the threat of war and honing in on a domestic but still military issue, this study examines broadcast network news coverage for a period of one year before and after DADT was repealed. Findings observed here indicate that media coverage may be more independent of official consensus than shown in previous research, specifically in reporting more negatively after official consensus was achieved. These results further suggest that coverage was moderated by network and that conceptions of indexing may not hold in the contemporary media and political environment. Implications are discussed in relation to media coverage of contentious issues and performance in polarized politics.

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Cruikshank, Sally Ann. "Cheaper than a goat: U.S. newspaper and television coverage of the southern Sudan conflict". Newspaper Research Journal 39, nr 2 (16.05.2018): 220–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739532918775679.

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This study examined how eight U.S. news outlets framed the civil war in Sudan from 1989 through 2005. A textual analysis of 851 reports found the media framed it as a religious and ethnic conflict. Three themes also emerged: famine, slavery and oil. The general findings support previous research on how the U.S. media framed conflicts in Africa. However, contrary to other conflicts, the analysis found Sudan’s civil war received steady coverage over time.

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Stevens, Daniel, i Barbara Allen. "When Going to War Is Costly: A Comparative Study of Audiences and the Partisan Press". International Journal of Press/Politics 22, nr 3 (24.05.2017): 380–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940161217708065.

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Much of the conventional wisdom about partisan media effects is based on the single case of the United States. Without more comparative research, we know little about whether the findings are generalizable, however, and thus cannot be certain of their causes. But comparative research presents several challenges. This paper takes advantage of the case of the War on Iraq to examine the effects of partisan press coverage on perceptions of leaders and ultimately on voting behavior in two countries, the United States and Britain. We test three competing hypotheses of partisan media effects. We find support for the argument that the reputation of the incumbent party moderates the influence of partisan coverage on perceptions of war but also show that opposition partisan media coverage undermines perceptions of the qualities of incumbent leaders. Media outlets that support the incumbent do not have similar positive effects. We conclude that the war cost a left-wing leader, Blair, more than a right-wing leader, Bush, because of (1) the ambivalence of incumbent-supporting newspapers in Britain, (2) the absence of a parallel to the boost in approval that incumbent-supporting newspapers provided for Bush, and (3) greater damage to perceptions of Blair’s attributes among readers of opposition-supporting newspapers.

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Iftikhar, Usama, i Dr Zubair Shafiq. "War and Peace Journalism: Coverage of Syrian Conflict in International Press". Journal of Peace, Development & Communication Volume 4, Issue 3 (30.12.2020): 133–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36968/jpdc-v04-i03-08.

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The Syrian conflict has been one of the main issues of the current decade and was widely covered by the international media. Our research aims to explore how the international press portrayed the Syrian conflict from the lens of 'peace' and 'war' journalism. Four newspapers of different countries which were directly involved in the issue were selected. Editorial pages of The New York Times of America, The Moscow Times of Russia, Tehran Times of Iran, and Khaleej Times of Arab States were chosen as a unit of analysis for the study. A sample of 918 stories was selected for examination. We used the content analysis methodology and selected the time period from March 15, 20ll to March 15, 2016. Our findings show that the Syrian issue is dominantly framed as war-oriented by the international media as compared to peace-journalism. Among war-indicators, a dichotomy is the most used approach, whereas in peace-indicators solution-oriented approach is the most repeated one.

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Hussain, Shabir, i Syed Abdul Siraj. "Coverage of Taliban conflict in the Pak–Afghan press: A comparative analysis". International Communication Gazette 81, nr 4 (12.12.2018): 305–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048518817649.

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This study offers a quantitative analysis of the coverage of Taliban conflict in the four leading newspapers of Pakistan and Afghanistan through the perspective of war and peace journalism—developed by Johan Galtung and adopted by many scholars. Consistent with the existing literature, the researcher found that both the English and vernacular press in the two countries predominantly reported the Taliban conflict through war journalism framing. The local press was equally escalatory while reporting on the conflict. The press in the two countries showed remarkable differences in the war journalism framing but applied similar thematic strategies of peace journalism. The study advocates an academic juncture between political communication and peace journalism scholarship to identify the issues that influence media content during conflict times for better understanding of the potential role of media in peace and conflict resolution.

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Bishop, Ronald, i Maggie Fedorocsko. "A Good Fooling: Journalism’s Narrative of Surprise Military Homecomings". Media, War & Conflict 13, nr 3 (24.03.2019): 300–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750635219828760.

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A narrative analysis was performed on recent media texts regarding the return of members of the US military and staged reunions with their family members. The USA’s current state of permanent war means that it needs more instances of closure. The narrative that emerged from news coverage is a reminder that reunions, while providing closure, are also one of the last bastions of war coverage, even as journalists have ceded control of it to event organizers. War has been made perfectly safe for public consumption at long last. It is argued that such coverage causes us to disassociate from war and its cost, and to recognize, but not truly understand, the hardships endured by military families. We see only their tears of joy upon the return of their loved ones. The media contribute to this misunderstanding by crafting purportedly more personal connections to military personnel by portraying their experiences through a human-interest lens. We recognize – for a scripted moment – the hardships endured by military families. We see only their tears of joy upon the return of their loved ones. The narrative analyzed here is operationalized by officials to encourage us to think about the military, not the wars.

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Rostam, Hajera, i Beth E. Haverkamp. "Iraqi Expatriates’ Experience of North American Media Coverage of the Iraq War". International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling 31, nr 2 (13.03.2009): 100–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10447-009-9071-7.

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SANCHEZ PARRA, TATIANA, i SERGIO LO IACONO. "(Re)Productive Discourses: Media Coverage of Children Born of War in Colombia". Bulletin of Latin American Research 39, nr 1 (14.06.2019): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/blar.12976.

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Matthews, Louise. "The latest casualty: Phillip Knightley and media failure". Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 9, nr 1 (1.09.2003): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v9i1.752.

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He covers the coverage of wars and the fine borderline that journalists might cross to become propaganda merchants: World War II, Vietnam, The Gulf, Kosovo, to name a few, and now the ‘War on Terror’. And the performance so far of the news media in this latest one has left Phillip Knightley, author of The First Casualty, underwhelmed: civil rights down the drain, public debate and dissent stifled, the news media hardly batting an eyelid. ‘Well, the press in Britain, Australia, and probably New Zealand, did a better job than their American counterparts,’ he sighs, ‘but that’s not saying much.’

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Bajri, Hilal Kholid, Nugrah Nurrohman i Muhammad Fakhri. "CNN Effect in Yemen War". Jurnal ICMES 3, nr 1 (29.06.2019): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35748/jurnalicmes.v3i1.30.

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This article is a study of the involvement of the United States (US) in the Yemeni War thas has already taken place since 2015 by using the 'CNN Effect' theory. The authors analyzed documents and mass media coverage and conducted discourse analysis on US mainstream media news, namely CNN and the New York Times. The result of this research shows that CNN and the New York Times did not report the Yemeni War proportionally so that public opinion ignored this war and did not encourage further action from the US government and United Nations to stop the war. This way of reporting is in line with US’ economic-political interests in Yemen and US support for the Saudi Arabia.

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Esteve-Faubel, José María, Tania Josephine Martin i Rosa Pilar Esteve-Faubel. "Investigating Press Coverage of Protest Songs During the 2003 Iraq War". SAGE Open 10, nr 4 (październik 2020): 215824402096770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020967702.

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The 2003 Iraq War was a landmark for real-time news dissemination, with news broadcast by journalists embedded with U.S. troops. The literature indicates that mainstream media reflected the viewpoints of those in power, giving little coverage to anti-war sentiment. This study focuses on press coverage relating to a specific aspect of dissent—protest songs against the 2003 Iraq War. After analyzing the content of articles sourced from mainstream newspapers from both sides of the Atlantic, namely, The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Guardian, and the Telegraph, the results indicate that from the beginning of this war, anti-war songs were perceived by journalists to be in decline for reasons that were reported to have been linked to the period’s sociopolitical and economic context. The conclusions of the study underscore the value of analyzing news type articles and opinion pieces from newspapers of record.

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Shpiro, Shlomo. "Conflict Media Strategies and the Politics of Counter-Terrorism". Politics 22, nr 2 (maj 2002): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9256.00162.

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This article argues that the events of 11 September 2001, and the subsequent ‘war on terror’, have highlighted the role of the media in both the coverage and conduct of modern conflict. The article concentrates on the ‘conflict media strategies’ pursued by belligerents and examines the development and refinement of such strategies over time, from the Second World War through to the conflict in Afghanistan. Using data from Vietnam, the Falklands, the Gulf, Kosovo and other conflicts, I argue that an effective conflict media strategy is an essential tool of warfare that is used by states and terrorist groups alike.

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Safdar, Aasima, Samia Manzoor i Aqsa Iram Shahzadi. "Pakistani English Press during War on Terror: A Media Conformity Approach". Global Political Review V, nr I (30.03.2020): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2020(v-i).03.

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The present research focused on how much Pakistani English press tracked the foreign policy stance of the Pakistani government in the presentation of incidents related to the war on terror. Pakistani authorities reinforced war on terror and Afghanistan war but did not support the US invasion of Iraq in 2003. For the present analysis, the editorials of Dawn and the Nation were selected from 12 September 2001 to 11 September 2003. Thematic analysis of the editorial coverage through NVIVO 10 was conducted. It was found that, during the war against Afghanistan that took place in 2001, Pakistani English press did not support the Pakistani governments stance. Many critical themes were noted from the data. However, during Iraq war that happened in 2003, Pakistani English press toed the Pakistani governments policy during and stressed the government to take more proactive stance against Iraq war. Overall, it could be stated that the Pakistani English press partially conformed the foreign policy stance of Pakistani government.

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Wells, Rob, Ka Zeng i Austin Wilkins. "Media coverage of Chinese investment in the United States: Politics and missed opportunities". Newspaper Research Journal 42, nr 2 (czerwiec 2021): 215–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07395329211013962.

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This article explores how five leading U.S. publications covered Chinese direct investment in the United States from 2000 through 2019. The authors find a lack of in-depth coverage of Chinese companies that were significant investors in the United States even though the news organizations offered fairly comprehensive coverage of the broad strokes of U.S.–China relations. The coverage shortfall comes despite Chinese foreign direct investment rising from US$385 million to more than US$40 billion a year during the study period. An analysis of leading news narratives and sentiment finds a dramatic rise in negative news sentiment during the Trump administration’s trade war with China from 2017 to 2019.

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