Rozprawy doktorskie: „Media coverage of war”

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Weiland, John, i n/a. "The Future of International Media Coverage of Military Operations". Griffith University. School of International Business and Asian Studies, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20051104.143303.

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Given the nature of modem warfare and the impact that technology has in contemporary war reporting, the primary objective of this thesis is to identify the most likely means by which the international media will cover future military operations. Initial research concentrates on the cultural and systemic ethos of the military and media professions and examines whether any differences have an adverse impact on how they operate during periods of armed conflict. A brief review of the history of war reporting is undertaken for several purposes; firstly, to discover if any differences between the professions have had a historical basis and, secondly, to ascertain whether there is any historical evidence of the media compromising military operations when covering operations during armed conflict. It was found that one of the principle reasons why the military and the meha have been traditional adversaries is that the military sees secrecy as vital for the successful conduct of its operations. The media, on the other hand, seeks complete disclosure. In what is considered to be the first of its type undertaken in Australia, a comprehensive survey was conducted to identify how each profession viewed the other. Research concentrated on the US and Australian models, examining how modern technology has made it more difficult for the dtary to control the media than in past conflicts. Research further identified that in the context of modern armed conflict, the military and the media have predominantly different and frequently competing interests. It was also found that the protection and advancement of their interests are affected by technological changes which are redefining the nature of modern warfare, and the means and capacity of the media to report it. The way the media gathers news during conflict was shown to have changed dramatically over the past ten years, particularly with its use of technology in transmitting news live from a battlefield back to a parent media organisation. The military was further seen as dramatically changing the manner in which it conducts warfare, including the introduction of initiatives aimed at neutralising the media's impact on operational security. Somewhat alarmingly, these initiatives not only minimise possible compromises of security but overall media criticism as well. Research also found that the tensions currently existing between the military and media can be resolved by both parties agreeing to a more effective way of reconciling their differences. However, it was found that any well meaning initiatives by the military and the media to work closer together during periods of conflict will be difficult to achieve if the ever-present political manipulation of news is not addressed. The thesis concludes by recommending changes to current military and media doctrine in order that future conflicts may be covered in a manner that fulfils the 'public's right to know,' while at the same time, allows the military to conduct operations without fear that security may be compromised by the subsequent media coverage.

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Weiland, John. "The Future of International Media Coverage of Military Operations". Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366372.

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Given the nature of modem warfare and the impact that technology has in contemporary war reporting, the primary objective of this thesis is to identify the most likely means by which the international media will cover future military operations. Initial research concentrates on the cultural and systemic ethos of the military and media professions and examines whether any differences have an adverse impact on how they operate during periods of armed conflict. A brief review of the history of war reporting is undertaken for several purposes; firstly, to discover if any differences between the professions have had a historical basis and, secondly, to ascertain whether there is any historical evidence of the media compromising military operations when covering operations during armed conflict. It was found that one of the principle reasons why the military and the meha have been traditional adversaries is that the military sees secrecy as vital for the successful conduct of its operations. The media, on the other hand, seeks complete disclosure. In what is considered to be the first of its type undertaken in Australia, a comprehensive survey was conducted to identify how each profession viewed the other. Research concentrated on the US and Australian models, examining how modern technology has made it more difficult for the dtary to control the media than in past conflicts. Research further identified that in the context of modern armed conflict, the military and the media have predominantly different and frequently competing interests. It was also found that the protection and advancement of their interests are affected by technological changes which are redefining the nature of modern warfare, and the means and capacity of the media to report it. The way the media gathers news during conflict was shown to have changed dramatically over the past ten years, particularly with its use of technology in transmitting news live from a battlefield back to a parent media organisation. The military was further seen as dramatically changing the manner in which it conducts warfare, including the introduction of initiatives aimed at neutralising the media's impact on operational security. Somewhat alarmingly, these initiatives not only minimise possible compromises of security but overall media criticism as well. Research also found that the tensions currently existing between the military and media can be resolved by both parties agreeing to a more effective way of reconciling their differences. However, it was found that any well meaning initiatives by the military and the media to work closer together during periods of conflict will be difficult to achieve if the ever-present political manipulation of news is not addressed. The thesis concludes by recommending changes to current military and media doctrine in order that future conflicts may be covered in a manner that fulfils the 'public's right to know,' while at the same time, allows the military to conduct operations without fear that security may be compromised by the subsequent media coverage.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of International Business and Asian Studies
Full Text

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Quinn, Karen L. "Differences between electronic media coverage of the Vietnam war and of Operation Iraqi Freedom". Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 2006. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 2006.
Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2718. Typescript. Abstract precedes thesis as 2 leaves (iii-iv). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-66).

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Maeshima, Kazuhiro. "Japanese and U.S. media coverage of the IRAQ War a comparative analysis /". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7267.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.
Thesis research directed by: Government and Politics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Lovelace, Alexander G. "Total Coverage: How the Media Shaped Command Decisions During World War II". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou158818861294131.

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Cannon, Kahlid J. "Public Opinion and Media Coverage during the Iraq War: An examination of Media Framing and Priming". The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1391613393.

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Vukasovich, Christian A. "The Media is the Weapon: The Enduring Power of Balkan War (Mis)Coverage". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1339619438.

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Bradshaw, Seth Caleb, i Seth Caleb Bradshaw. "Threat, Anger, and Support for War: Media Coverage of U.S. Policy toward ISIL". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621307.

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This dissertation focuses on media coverage and public opinion about United States foreign policy during a time of national crisis. It seeks to better understand the nature of news content by exploring the concept of press independence through the lens of two theories of news media: indexing and echoing. Focusing on the current U.S. military engagement with the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), the present study tracks media coverage between June 2014 and June 2015 across six distinct print and online news outlets. This content analysis reveals that the press offered limited criticism of policies, particularly early in the intervention. Print and online news media covered U.S. policy in similar fashion, each relying more on nongovernmental sources than on Washington elites. Combat and non-combat policies were more likely to appear together in the same story in print news than in online news and print offered more justifications for policy positions than did online news. This dissertation examined how news media affects public opinion by experimentally manipulating news coverage of U.S. policy toward ISIL. Based on a national sample, the current work utilized a 2 (high/low in-group threat)X 2 (high/low in-group strength) experiment to explore the mediating role of group emotions on support for foreign policies. Guided by intergroup emotions theory, this study found that group anger mediated the relationships between in-group threat and a host of combat and non-combat policies, while group anxiety did not. On the other hand, in-group threat and in-group strength interacted to predict group anxiety, resulting in two moderated-mediation models, which predicted support for negotiating with ISIL and modern racism toward Muslims. This experiment demonstrates that these group emotions operate in divergent ways, and that group emotions on the whole function differently than individual emotions when predicting political attitudes.

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Bessaiso, Ehab Yassir. "Media strategies and coverage of international conflicts : the 2003 Iraq War and Al-Jazeera". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54372/.

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In 2003 the United States of America led an international coalition to topple Saddam Hussein's regime in Iraq. The war on Iraq followed the war launched on Afghanistan in 2001, designed to topple the Taliban regime. In both conflicts a wide range of media strategies were implemented by the Coalition forces to sway domestic and international public opinion and to construct support for the US-led military campaigns. This research explores the media strategies implemented in the 2003 Iraq war and the policies of coverage that were used to report the conflict by the Al-Jazeera satellite channel. The major research question is to ask what developments took place in wartime media strategies during these conflicts and to investigate the way media conditions changed, especially around the rise of Al-Jazeera, and the role it played in covering the war. In order to answer these questions, it was essential to review conflicts of a similar nature, such as the 1956 Suez Canal war, the 1991 Gulf war, the 1999 Kosovo war and the 2001 war in Afghanistan. The thesis argues that the toppling of regimes was a [text unavailable] conflicts, and thus, that media strategies and techniques followed similar patterns in each case. Lessons from these conflicts had considerable impact on the 2003 Iraq war. Media strategies in this conflict were a product of lessons from previous experiences, the outcome of remarkable developments in communications technologies, and a result of the increasingly complex influence of political, economic and social factors on the way modern conflicts are mediatized. In this thesis the mediatisation of conflicts is the research thematic approach which is used to make sense of the role of these various complex factors in the production of media output. The overlapping of these factors contributes to the presentation and the perception of modern conflicts. In the case of the 2003 Iraq war, Al-Jazeera and other Arab satellite channels expanded the news agenda to include an alternative perspective to the western mainstream media. This thesis argues that this was a major development which had a critical effect on the flow of information, and radically challenged existing mainstream news management policies. Thus, studying Al-Jazeera in relation to the coverage of the 2003 Iraq war became a crucial element in understanding the changes in the way contemporary conflicts are communicated and reported, which is the central focus of this research. A triangulation of qualitative research methods has been applied to examine the issues this thesis is critically assessing. Documentary research, including on-line research, was used to explore media strategies during the 2003 Iraq war and to establish the patterns within these. The same method was applied to explore Al-Jazeera's policies of coverage. In addition, the research used in-depth interviews and an ethnographic approach, spending time for example in Al-Jazeera's newsrooms, in order to answer the main research question. This was to assess the challenges Al-Jazeera, as an Arab news provider, posed to US policies of information control and news management during the conflicts discussed above, and how, as a result, the emergence of a new mediascape in the Arab world came to challenge policy makers, media strategists and media organisations alike.

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Friedman, Barbara. "From the battle front to the bridal suite : U.S. and British mass media coverage of the British war brides, 1942-1946 /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3144417.

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Jaber, Fadi. "Terrorism and Photojournalism: Sensational Image and Ethical Coverage in the Arab and American Media". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20146.

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During the 2008-2009 War on Gaza between Hamas and Israel, the Arab and American media published various sensational images of this terrorist event. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and examine the ethicality of the Arab and American sensational images when covering a terrorist event perpetuated by the Other. The thesis draws on Aristotle’s theory of communication and virtue theory (fourth century B.C.), William James’s theory of truth (1907), as well as on contemporary theories, approaches and concepts in order to provide a philosophical and theoretical foundation of ethical publication of sensational images. As well, it looks into various definitions of terrorism, analyzes the Arab and American media codes of ethics, and benefits from relevant decision-making models. It has, therefore, established a theoretical model contingent to the terrorist event at stake – The Sensational Image of Terrorism Ethical Decision-Making Model (SITE-DMM). The thesis methodologically utilizes a qualitative comparative content analysis research design, analyzing a purposive sample of 144 sensational images from three Arab online media (Al-Ahram newspaper, Electronic Intifada, and Al-Jazeera.net TV); and three American online media (The New York Times newspaper, San Francisco Sentinel.com, and CNN.com TV) in order to examine the ethicality of publishing sensational images about this terrorist event in both the Arab and American media. Following a systematic analysis, guided by the suggested theoretical model – SITE-DMM, the findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the ethicality of the Arab and American sensational images during the coverage of the 2008-2009 War on Gaza.

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McCullough, Kristen. "The News Media and Public Opinion: The Press Coverage of U.S. International Conflicts and Its Effect on Presidental Approval". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3809.

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A standing phenomenon exists in the fields of both political science and communication studies regarding the impact that the news media have on public opinion. This study recognizes the average American citizens' reliance on the press to gain information about international conflicts. Hence, it is theorized that news reports on a political occurrence could very well influence the mass-level opinion of an event such that positive news stories generate positive public opinion, and vice versa. Since foreign crises define a presidency in the public's minds, presidential approval ratings determine the degree to which the news media manipulate public opinion. Specifically, news media coverage of two international conflicts, the Vietnam and Persian Gulf Wars, are analyzed in light of their effect on American citizens' public opinion of Presidents Lyndon B. Johnson and George H. W. Bush, respectively.
M.A.
Department of Political Science
Sciences
Political Science MA

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McCullough, Kristen Anne. "The news media and public opinion the press coverage of U.S. international conflicts and its effect on presidential approval /". Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002701.

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Woodward, Christina Anna. "Philip Gibbs: war correspondent of a new dispensation". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003126.

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The process of democratization which appeared in the nineteenth century was partly responsible for the emergence of a mass readership. It consisted of the new urban population which had its own tastes and interests, intellectual capacity and purchasing power. The popular press was firmly established by 1900 and it radically altered the scope and style of daily journalism in its attempt to speak in the language of the majority. Philip Gibbs was one of the prominent journalists between 1900 and 1914. His aspiration to become a war correspondent stemmed from the image of the war correspondent as a figure of romance and adventure, the consequence of the militarist spirit of the age and the licence which granted him freedom of movement. Inevitably, the war correspondent carne in conflict with the military which had not kept pace with democratization and sensed a challenge to itself and to national security. Censorship and restrictions on the war correspondent tightened, until major army reforms between 1901 and 1912 brought more cordial relations between the press and the military. When the Great War broke out in 1914 the co-operative atmosphere broke down as censorship was reinstated, more severely than before. It challenged the freedom of the press and the right of the people to know. Gibbs was determined that the people should have access to news from the front. He fought hard for that objective and was instrumental in the compromise reached between the military and the press when an officially recognized system was devised for press representation on the Western Front. The wisdom of such a move was shown by the success of Philip Gibbs' war correspondence, which had appeal to a mass readership in its own language and with subjects of interest to it.

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Heywood, Emma. "Foreign conflict reporting post-9/11 and post-Cold War : a comparative analysis of European television news coverage of the Middle East conflict". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/foreign-conflict-reporting-post911-and-postcold-war-a-comparative-analysis-of-european-television-news-coverage-of-the-middle-east-conflict(1f514bbd-0779-44c9-bc27-66c26b507194).html.

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The thesis explores the state of European foreign conflict reporting by public sector broadcasters, post-Cold War and post-9/11. It provides a comparative analysis of the news values of three television news providers from three differing public systems: BBC’s News at 10, representing a British public service broadcaster, nominally independent of government control; Russia’s Vremya on Channel 1, a state-aligned broadcaster used, to a large extent, as a mouthpiece for the government; and France 2’s 20 Heures, a public service broadcaster, from a media system with a long history of state intervention. By investigating their reports, the study identifies and analyses the differing roles of public and state-aligned broadcasters. It examines the priority they place on certain values leading to particular aspects of a news story becoming news in one part of the world but not in others. The case study under investigation is a two-year period (2006-2008) from the ongoing Middle East conflict which both pre-dates the change in East-West relations and the events of 9/11 and provides a meeting point of many of the geo-political and post-imperial global struggles facing the three selected news reporting countries. The analytical chapters examine a peace conference, Israeli-Palestinian fighting and intra-Palestinian fighting, which reflect discrete aspects of this conflict and enable the broadcasters’ overarching and specific narratives to be considered. The thesis uses these events to assess relations between state and broadcaster and the attendant associations with the war on terror which emerge in the foreign conflict coverage. It investigates possible imbalances in the reports to the detriment of one of the warring parties and contributes to understanding how the broadcasters perceive their own and other countries. The study examines the broadcasters’ news values and agenda-setting techniques. By focusing on these two areas, which influence the shaping, length and positioning of broadcasts, news reports are analysed both quantitatively (e.g. running order, airtime, number of items per programme and subject matter) and qualitatively (e.g. the portrayal of news values and agenda-setting attributes displayed). The overarching argument illustrates that the hierarchy in news values is never arbitrary but can be explained, in part, by the structure of the broadcasters and by events occurring within, or associated with, the reporting country. As a result, the thesis investigations help identify nationally differentiated perceptions of conflict throughout the world and, in a broader context, contribute to studies in the areas of media, foreign conflict and Middle East conflict reporting.

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Akinro, Ngozi. "MEDIA AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA: ANALYSIS OF WAR AND PEACE FRAMES IN THE BOKO HARAM CRISIS COVERAGE". OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1200.

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While the media are known as information and entertainment source, some scholars (e.g. Galtung, 2002; Lynch, 2014) have also proposed peace advocacy as one of the concerns of journalism. This study provides an insightful account of a complex conflict- the Boko Haram conflict, in northern Nigeria. Boko Haram is an Islamic fundamentalist group that operates out of north-eastern Nigeria. With the Boko Haram conflict as the focus of analysis, this study examines conflict reporting strategies against the backdrop of the peace and war journalism model proposed by a Norwegian scholar, Johan Galtung. Galtung looked at the dichotomy in conflict coverage and views war and peace journalism as two varying frames in the coverage of conflicts. The study also examines national versus international media practices in the coverage of an intra-national conflict. Through content analysis this study concentrates on the coverage of the Boko Haram crisis in Nigeria over a 16- month period by two Nigerian national dailies, Vanguard and Punch, and two United States’ dailies, New York Times and Washington Post, from February 1st 2014 to May 29th 2015. It considers the extent to which the newspapers covered the crisis based on war and peace frames as well as the dynamic nature of the coverage. Furthermore, this study also investigates whether the newspapers showed exclusivity in coverage towards war journalism or towards peace journalism or a combination of both. Within the period considered for this study, Boko Haram kidnapped about 300 girls from the Chibok High School, of whose fate uncertainty still prevailed as at the time of writing this dissertation. The study found that the Boko Haram crisis was represented in the newspapers examined as a thematic issue. However, the newspapers did not provide sufficient contextual and background information about the crisis. The media did not play active roles towards conflict management, as advocated by Galtung, and were involved in partisan reporting of incidents in the crisis. This study therefore makes a significant contribution to the debate about objectivity in news reporting and the role of the media for societal good.

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Arraya, Vincent Fernando. "An Analysis of the Media Coverage of the Internment of the American Japanese During the Second World War". BYU ScholarsArchive, 1991. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7011.

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In World War II, many Americans felt fortunate and proud to live in a democratic society based on the constitutionally guaranteed rights of all individuals. At the same time, the U.S. government was completely disregarding the civil rights of 110,000 American residents, including 70,000 U.S. citizens. They were forced to evacuate their homes and were placed in internment camps surrounded by armed guards and barbed wire. The only criterion for the actions against them was their Japanese ancestry and the military necessity was the reason given for the actions, but marital law was never declared.

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Weisman, Chad M. "Just Coverage and the Path to Peace: Reporting Operation Protective Edge in Haaretz, BBC Online, and The New York Times". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou148353082855729.

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Pestalardo, Maria. "War on the Media: The News Framing of the Iraqi War in the United States, Europe, and Latin America". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2205.

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This study analyzes the framing of the war in Iraq (2003) during the week before and the week after the conflict started according to the media coverage of nine leading newspapers from United States, Europe, and Latin America. Through quantitative content analysis, the researcher answered seven research questions and analyzed the framing, sources, and approaches used by the newspapers in the news coverage of the conflict. The researcher compared the news coverage of each region and found that there were significant differences in the content of the war reporting according to the geographical area of the media. European and Latin American newspapers framed a "bigger and more balanced picture" in covering more sides of the war and quoting diverse sources while American media covered a narrower range of war perspectives and quoted coalition sources in almost all of their news stories and editorials.

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Taylor, Jessica L. "Through the Eyes of the Post: American Media Coverage of the Armenian Genocide". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1862.

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Many historians refer to the Armenian Genocide of 1915 as the first genocide of the twentieth century. In the context of the first global war, the Armenians of the Ottoman Empire were systematically persecuted and many eliminated while the world watched. Yet today, American memory and conception of the Armenian Genocide is remarkably different from similar historical events such as the Holocaust. The Armenian Genocide and America's reaction to it is a forgotten event in American memory. In an attempt to better understand this process of forgetting, this thesis analyzes the Washington Post's news coverage of the Armenian Genocide. By cataloguing, categorizing, and analysizing this news coverage, this thesis suggests Americans had sufficient information about the events and national reaction to it to form a memory. Therefore, the reasons for twenty-first century collective loss of memory in the minds of Americans must be traced to other sources.

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Horton, James Colby. "The External Conflict of Modern War Correspondents: Technology's Inevitable Impact on the Extinction of Nostalgic Combat Reporting". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3247/.

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Through historical and content analyses of war coverage, this study qualitatively addresses emotional quality, use of sources, and implied use of technology to better understand the tension between Vietnam and Afghanistan war correspondents and their military counterparts. Early American democracy aspired to give total freedom to its people. But the American military, in its quest to uphold the ideas of democracy, has often challenged the freedom of press clause set forth by the United States Constitution. Since the Vietnam era, the relationship between the military and the media has been plagued by questions of censorship, assertions of falsehood, and threats to national security. But it is the technological advancements in both reporting and combat techniques that have caused a disappearance of the nostalgic war coverage that American correspondents once prospered from. The possibility of returning to journalists' vision of unrestricted press access is all but lost due to such advancements.

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Baum, Matthew A. "Tabloid wars : the mass media, public opinion and the use of force abroad /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9984292.

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Galstyan, Hrant. "Disputed Land, Disputed Lives : Transnational and regional coverage of the humanitarian situation in Nagorno-Karabakh in the 2020 war". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, JMK, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-196550.

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This study examines the media coverage of the humanitarian situation in Nagorno-Karabakh during a war in the region in 2020. Drawing on the theoretical framework of humanitarian journalism, it first looks at the attention given to the issue within the daily coverage of the war, then turns to explore patterns in the narration of the past events and present situation in feature stories. Two transnational and two regional news outlets are analysed (The Guardian and Al Jazeera, Sputnik and Hürriyet), which all address a global audience through English, but represent different journalistic traditions, are based in countries with diverse involvement in the conflict and proximity to its parties, and have received different amount of attention in the research of humanitarian journalism. The results suggest that the humanitarian crisis in the region received little attention in general within the daily coverage of the war. People of the region were cited rarely in the reports on their condition and were largely absent from the news photographs too. They were depicted in feature articles mostly through their experience of fighting, limiting the diverse contexts of their lives. Although geographical, political and cultural proximity is argued to have affected the reporting by regional outlets, similarities and differences across the two groups were observed too.

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Olga, Lopatynska. "CNN vs. RT: Comparative Analysis of Media Coverage of a Malaysian Airlines Aircraft MH17 Shooting Down within the Framework of Propaganda". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, JMK, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-120364.

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To explore strategic narratives of the U.S. and Russia is a motivation for this research. The study investigates whether there is a return to the Cold War rhetoric between the West and Russia, or if the discourse has taken a new form. A primary goal is to examine if media originating from the two countries spread propaganda, but mainly to detect what kind of propaganda it is. The research compares types of propaganda techniques that are most commonly applied by RT and CNN, and discusses results in a context of the Cold War propaganda prominent themes. This has been done by comparing how the two media outlets were reporting on a crash of a Malaysian Airlines aircraft in eastern Ukraine on July 17th 2014. A method of a framing analysis has been applied for a material from both channels for a period of four months. The results indicate that a number of propaganda techniques are used by both RT and CNN. Moreover, channels’ discourse is antagonistic, while strategic narratives of the U.S. and Russia nowadays have similarities and differences comparing to the Cold War times. Further research should look at other genres, events and topics reported by the two media.

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Wunsch, Margit. "German print media coverage in the Bosnia and Kosovo wars of the 1990s". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/600/.

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This is a novel study of the German press’ visual and textual coverage of the wars in Bosnia (1992-95) and Kosovo (1998-99). Key moments have been selected and analysed from both wars using a broad range of publications ranging from extreme-right to extreme-left and including broadsheets, a tabloid and a news-magazine, key moments have been selected from both wars. Two sections with parallel chapters form the core of the thesis. The first deals with the war in Bosnia and the second the conflict in Kosovo. Each section contains one chapter on the initial phase of the conflict, one chapter on an important atrocity – namely the Srebrenica Massacre in Bosnia and the Račak incident in Kosovo – and lastly a chapter each on the international involvement which ended the immediate violence. The coverage of nine national publications is closely examined for each timeframe. The thesis examines how the various events were covered, what sources were used and what insights the publications conveyed. Where possible, a further comparative perspective has been added by the inclusion of German parliamentary debates and the relevant UN press releases. This provides a useful comparison between the political discourse and the coverage of the German press. Special attention has been paid to four key themes, which emerged from the research. Firstly, the changing perceptions of the Serbian President Slobodan Milošević and the issue of who was to blame for the conflicts; secondly, how various armed forces, including the Yugoslav Peoples’ Army and the Kosovo Liberation Army were presented in the German press; thirdly, the persistent presence of the Second World War as well as the Holocaust and how they shaped the press’ interpretation of the violence; and lastly, how Germany’s role in the Balkans – both in the realms of diplomacy and military intervention – was evaluated by the national press. Pictures and cartoons accompanying the textual coverage were included to present a more rounded picture of press coverage.

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Bui, Thi Hong Nhung. "WAR/ PEACE JOURNALISM APPROACH IN VIETNAMESE ONLINE MEDIA COVERAGE OF SOUTH CHINA SEA DISPUTE : An analysis of Mediated Vietnamese Public Diplomacy Messages". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-22982.

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This research aims at examining the Vietnamese online media’s framing of conflict, thereby highlighting the outstanding characteristics of peace journalism and war journalism frames available in the media of an Asian peripheral country when it covers conflicts with other core, more powerful nations. The study is inspired from an overarching hypothesis of a possible junction between peace journalism and public diplomacy as relevant theories have it that they are basically identical in one sense: both representing a form of message which carries the note of peace-rebuilding, solution-orientated and mutual understanding in the war context. That message is delivered through media to reach out the foreign publics, not only to gain benefits for national interests but also to point out a solution for peace and offer an opportunity to conflict-resolution talks. The events chosen for study are media analysis following two attacks in late May and early June, 2011 against two Vietnamese oil exploration vessels in the South China Sea in which China was the accused. Basing on the theories of peace journalism, public diplomacy and world system theory, the research hypothesized that Vietnamese online media’s framing of China throughout seven months May 1st to November 30th, 2011 is inclined towards peace journalism. Two research techniques were employed: Quantitative Content Analysis to find out the dominant frame of the Vietnamese online media when covering the two clashes between Vietnamese and Chinese ships; and Qualitative Critical Discourse Analysis to further examine what messages the media aspire to send to foreign publics and how these messages are crafted. Findings from the content analysis rejects the main hypothesis, showing that the Vietnamese online media still opted for the war journalism frame even though theoretical and empirical evidence confirms Vietnam’s soft, assuaging and non-provocative approach in its public diplomacy with China. CDA results however highlighted the characteristics of the Vietnamese online media’s war frame: very tactful and implicit. The negative China presentation and positive self-presentation of Vietnam cannot be clearly seen through the use of victimizing, dehumanizing and emotionalizing language, but through implications and presuppositions hidden in the sentences. The implied messages that the Vietnamese online media want to send out the foreign publics portray China as a perverse bully neighbor and a two-faced partner, defying international law and breaking regional peace. Meanwhile, Vietnam is portrayed as a tolerant victim of China – its own friend and as a noble, forgiving friend of China. These messages are presented in the media by a very flexible, diplomatic and reconciliatory language so as to create an enemy scene with China. The study confirms the value and applicability of the theories selected and findings from previous studies. It also inspires future studies on expanding public diplomacy and peace journalism theories to make it more applicable to media of similar state structure or those in Asia./.

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Youssef, Ahmed. "A Critical Analysis on Media Coverage of the Egyptian Revolution : The Case of Al-Ahram, Al-Masry Al-Youm, The Telegraph and The Washington Post". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-24079.

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The Egyptian protest movement which brought down the Egyptian regime headed by President Hosni Mubarak, not only gripped the minds and hearts of the Egyptians, but it captured the interest of the national and international media as well. The research aims at answering questions related to the kind of frames employed in four newspapers; namely, Al-Ahram, Al-Masry Al-Youm, The Telegraph and The Washington Post, in light of the protest paradigm, in addition to the way the same four newspapers tried to explore and identify the characteristics of war and peace journalism, according to Galtung’s dichotomous model, not to mention to trace how the four newspapers in hand depicted the protesters. To achieve this, two methods were applied in this study; notably, frame analysis, and critical discourse analysis. A sample of 60 news articles and editorial pieces was thoroughly examined and taken from the aforementioned four newspapers. The derived non-random samples were covering the events of the Egyptian Revolution from the eruption on January 25, till February 17, 2011; means one week after toppling the regime and the resignation of the Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak on February 11, 2011. The study revealed that the national newspapers; Al-Ahram and Al-Masry Al-Youm, were more prone to accentuate protesters’ acts of violence, albeit Al-Ahram showed a propensity toward using official sources at the expenses of voicing protesters, compared to Al-Masry Al-Youm. However, The Telegraph’s and The Washington Post’s coverage was more shifting away from the protest paradigm. Similarly, the national newspapers in hand, were leaning more towards war-reporting; resorting to victimizing language in addition to a language of good and bad dichotomous, not to mention to abstain from exposing the untruth of all parties involved. However, The Telegraph and The Washington Post were adhering to peace-reporting; using extensively people sources and exposing the black and whites of all parties in the problem, in addition to taking the side of protesters and depicting them positively. From the findings, the study may reach a conclusion that the more a newspaper’s coverage adheres to the protest paradigm, the more it inclines to war-reporting. On the other hand, the more a newspaper’s coverage shifting away from the protest paradigm, the more it conforms to peace journalism.

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Benjamin, Adrenna. "A comparison of TV news coverage of the American medium (CNN) and the Middle East medium (Al-Jazeera) on the Iraq War". Scholarly Commons, 2004. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/600.

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Braziunaite, Ramune. "Isolated Incidents or Deliberate Policy? Media Framing of U.S. Abu Ghraib and British Detainee Abuse Scandals During the Iraq War". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1308595914.

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Mogg, Laura. "The"War on Poverty" and "Welfare Reform": A Comparative Discourse Analysis of Elite Newspaper Editorial Coverage in 1964 and 1996". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2008. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/685.

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From the time of the "war on poverty" of 1964, to the era of "welfare reform" in 1990s, the federal welfare system underwent a change from a model that acted to protect citizens from the vagaries of the market economy to one that mandated their participation in the paid labor force. For a shift in policy of this magnitude to occur and be unquestioningly accepted by the public, a significant change also had to occur in how poverty and welfare issues were discussed and perceived over the intervening years. Using discourse analysis, this study examines how editorials in elite newspapers framed the issues of poverty and welfare in the months prior to the passage of the Economic Opportunity Act (1964) and the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (1996). It also addresses how newspaper editorials influenced public perception about the nature and causes of poverty and welfare reliance.

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Ravimandalam, Seethalakshmi. "Newspaper and News Magazine Coverage of the USA PATRIOT Act Before It Was Passed Into Law, September 11, 2001—October 26, 2001". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1108391742.

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Holowczenko, Amy L. "Framing the culture wars : a content analysis of news media coverage of the Mapplethorpe and Brooklyn Museum art controversies /". Online version of thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/4890.

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Jennings, P. D. T. L. "British mass media coverage of the late colonial wars in Cyprus and Kenya in the 1950s". Thesis, Swansea University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637423.

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The Colonial rebellions in Kenya (1952-60) and Cyprus (1955-60) provide the focus for this study of the ideological and institutional history of the British mass media in the 1950s. Mass media developments in the colonies are not a major theme in this work. The themes of British power and decline, and of national mythology, precede an examination of newspaper and broadcast coverage of the aforementioned colonial rebellions. A radical deconstruction of a broad range of newspaper comment describes the limits of the imperial debate in the liberal press. A similar process is undertaken for the record of BBC coverage of these colonial issues found in the 'Listener' magazine. The Colonial Office Information Services Department's attitude to influence and control of the press are examined; a counterpoint to the trenchant imperialism of colonial officials and imperialist idealogues worried about popular imperial "education". It is argued that the cautious facilitating role of the Colonial Office information officials actually reflected the stable and anodyne nature of the media colonial "debate". A debate too flexible for the most imperialist sections of the British elite nevertheless strengthened the over-arching assumptions of the broad hierarchical orthodoxy. It is further argued that the mainstream consensus emerged without self-conscious engineering on the part of the elites. An ingenuous attachment to the limits of the orthodox debate suggests the systemic internalisation of ideology not the conspiratorial promulgation of propaganda. The development of self-referential, self-reinforcing mind sets justifying material exploitation and oppression results from an evolutionary process with no necessity for central direction. This provides the theme of the concluding chapter: the threat of hegmonic consensus narrows the future.

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Santos, Phillip. "Representing conflict: an analysis of The Chronicle's coverage of the Gukurahundi conflict in Zimbabwe between 1983 and 1986". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002936.

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This research is premised on the understanding that media texts are discourses and that all discourses are functional, that is, they refer to things, issues and events, in meaningful and goal oriented ways. Nine articles are analysed to explicate the sorts of discourses that were promoted by The Chronicle during the Gukurahundi conflict in Zimbabwe between 1982 and 1986. It is argued that discourses in the news media are shaped by the role(s), the type(s) of journalism assumed by such media, and by the political environment in which the news media operate. The interplay between the roles, types of journalism practised, and the effect the political environment has on news discourses is assessed within the context of conflictual situations. This is done using insights from the theoretical position of peace journalism and its critique of professional or mainstream journalism as promoting war/violence journalism. Using the case of The Chronicle's reportage of the Gukurahundi conflict in Zimbabwe, it is concluded that, in performing the collaborative role, state owned/controlled media assume characteristics of war/violence journalism. On the other hand, it is concluded that The Chronicle developed practices consistent with peace journalism when it both espoused the facilitative role and journalistic objectivity. These findings undermine the conventional view among proponents of peace journalism that in times of conflict, the news media should be interventionist in favour of peace and that they should abandon the journalistic norm of objectivity which they argue, promotes war/violence journalism.

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Barber, Rex Edward Jr. "Alternative vs. Traditional News: A Content Analysis of News Coverage of the 10th Anniversary of Sept. 11". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1439.

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The researcher sought to understand the differences in framing used by alternative media outlets and traditional or mainstream media outlets. A sampling of articles about the 10th anniversary of the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks was used from alternative and traditional media publications to conduct this study. These articles were analyzed by a software program to determine themes and concepts within both data sets. The analysis revealed traditional media was less varied in themes than was alternative media, with the latter clearly showing an effort to be. Traditional media was found to provide routine coverage of commemorative services and very little critical analysis. Further highlighting the differences in the 2 media paradigms was the use of profanity in alternative media, which was discovered by using the "find" function available with word processing software.

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Hansen, Maike. "Potential for Peace Journalism? : Exploring the factors that influenced the coverage of Hong Kong’s Anti-Extradition protests". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-36945.

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The coverage of news media on conflicts increasingly became the subject of criticism, accused of sensationalism, oversimplification, and underrepresentation of certain issues. While recognizing that it is the journalists and editors that make choices regarding the collection and framing of the stories and accounts published in newspapers and digital media outlets, this thesis sets to understand these choices against the background of the web of structural constraints pertaining to professional, organizational, economic and political contexts of their work. Drawing on a theoretical perspective of Peace Journalism and Bläsi’s model of factors influencing conflict-coverage, this thesis explores what factors influenced the coverage of Hong Kong’s Anti-Extradition protests and how they can be seen as hindrances or facilitators for Peace Journalism. The study presents the results of a qualitative content analysis of material obtained through semi-structured expert interviews with four journalists who covered the protests on-site. The findings display that factors pertaining to the journalistic system, personal features of the journalist, lobbies, conflict situation on-site, public climate, and audience were playing a significant role in shaping the news production throughout the Anti-Extradition protests. A majority of these factors were identified as limiting rather than facilitating Peace Journalism. This study suggests that in order to have a relevant and lasting impact, Peace Journalism needs to formulate strategies that consider the realities journalists face on the ground and factors influencing conflict coverage that pose limitations to its practice.

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Major, Mary Elizabeth. "War's Visual Discourse| A Content Analysis of Iraq War Imagery". Thesis, Portland State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1535957.

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This study reports the findings of a systematic visual content analysis of 356 randomly sampled images published about the Iraq War in Time, Newsweek, and U.S. News and World Report from 2003-2009. In comparison to a 1995 Gulf War study, published images in all three newsmagazines continued to be U.S.-centric, with the highest content frequencies reflected in the categories U.S. troops on combat patrol, Iraqi civilians, and U.S. political leaders respectively. These content categories do not resemble the results of the Gulf War study in which armaments garnered the largest share of the images with 23%.

This study concludes that embedding photojournalists, in addition to media economics, governance, and the media-organizational culture, restricted an accurate representation of the Iraq War and its consequences. Embedding allowed more access to both troops and civilians than the journalistic pool system of the Gulf War, which stationed the majority of journalists in Saudi Arabia and allowed only a few journalists into Iraq with the understanding they would share information. However, the perceived opportunity by journalists to more thoroughly cover the war through the policy of embedding was not realized to the extent they had hoped for. The embed protocols acted more as an indirect form of censorship.

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Gaa, Charles Clyde. "Media coverage and investor attention". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5736.

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In this thesis, I investigate the role of investor attention in financial markets by examining the media’s coverage of corporate earnings news. The first paper studies the potential impact of information in the financial press by identifying systematic differences between aggregate corporate earnings news coverage in the Financial Times, Wall Street Journal, and the New York Times, and measures of expected coverage based on contemporaneous earnings information flows as reported in JJBIEIS. I find that publication-specific estimates of “excess” aggregate positive or negative coverage exhibit strong serial correlation, consistent with media bias. Furthermore, unexplained negative (positive) weekly coverage predicts positive (negative) returns for small-stock indices and the equal-weighted NYSE, suggesting that the effects of predictability in financial news coverage are economically significant and may be related to informational inefficiency with respect to smaller firms. The second paper examines media coverage decisions to identify the determinants of investor attention with respect to events and firms. Using ex ante predicted probability of media coverage (PMC) with respect to earnings news as a measure of attention in this context, I study the returns experienced by low-attention stocks from 1984 and 2005. As in prior studies, I find high risk-adjusted returns for “neglected” stocks, which appears to be highly consistent with, e.g., Merton’ s (1987) investor recognition hypothesis, or an information risk setting (Easley et al. (2002)). However, in examining the event-specific determinants of media coverage, I find evidence of a significant “negativity bias” in attention: holding other factors constant, bad news is more likely to attract coverage than is good news regarding an otherwise-identical firm. Given recent evidence in the literature regarding stock-price underreaction to low-attention events, this suggests asymmetric investor attention as a potential explanation for an apparent neglected firm premium in the cross-section of stock returns. Consistent with this hypothesis, I find that the excess returns to low-PMC portfolios are attributable to drift in the stock prices of low-attention “good news” firms, while low-attention “bad news” firms appear to be efficiently priced.

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Vasudevan, Vasudha. "Media coverage of mutual funds". [Austin, Tex. : University of Texas Libraries, 2006. http://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/7864/vasudevanv33450.pdf.

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Gill, Elizabeth. "Media coverage of the new economy". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4257.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (January 11, 2006) Includes bibliographical references.

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Rittner, Marianne. "Abortion Coverage: Are the Media Biased?" Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291211.

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Lee, Jinling. "Scientists' Attitudes Toward Media Coverage of Disasters". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292231.

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Latham, Marc Lynton. "British media coverage of the Kosovo conflict". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2005. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/683/.

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New Labour presented Nato's Kosovo campaign in 1999 as Britain's first war fought for purely humanitarian reasons, and this framing of the Nato campaign seemed to become the dominant image of the conflict in the British media. This study uses a framing conceptual framework to analyse the British media's coverage of the Kosovo Conflict, and tries to identify hegemonic influences on that media coverage; the analysis therefore works on a cultural and political level. The study uses framing as it has been used in previous social-political studies, as a tool for analysing whether Nato's framing of their campaign dominated the media discourse, in line with the hegemonic model. The objectives of the study are to analyse whether the media were sufficiently independent from the Nato perspective to provide the public with a balanced and informed view of Nato's Kosovo campaign; whether the humanitarian aspect of the Nato campaign brought a change in the traditional reporting of Britain at war in the UK media; whether the reorganisation of the Nato media operation brought an improved coverage for Nato in the second half of their campaign, and whether a newspaper being editorially anti-war affected the rest of its content to any noticeable degree. A triangulation of qualitative and quantitative research methods has led to the conclusion that the British media over-relied on Nato sources, and usually reported from a Nato perspective, in line with the hegemonic model, but provided a certain level of plurality in their opinions, and reporting of events, with Nato collateral damage receiving an especially prominent coverage. These findings seem to be in line with most recent research on the US and UK media when their nation is at war, although conclusions made by researchers with different expectations and interpretations, using different samples and methodologies, often lead to contrasting opinions on the performance of the media.

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Van, Velden David Pieter. "Responsibility of media coverage and media attitudes towards science and technology". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3379.

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Thesis (MPhil (Journalism)--University of Stellenbosch, 2008.
The media have a great responsibility to communicate more science to improve public understanding of science to help them make sense of their world. The aim should be to popularize scientific ideas and to create a better understanding of how science is daily altering lifestyles and culture. Scientific literacy is an important element of an all-round educated person, and the media need to fill whatever blanks have been left by his or her formal education. The function of the scientific journalist is to transform scientific ideas and results into a form that other groups can understand. This transformation is as much an intra-scientific as well as an extra-scientific matter, and the forms that such communication take and the consequences for intellectual development vary according to the sort of field involved, the audience addressed and the relationship between them. This transformation process must not affect the truth status of scientific knowledge, but it obviously changes the form in which this knowledge is expressed. Scientists need to unveil the secrets of nature, and need to explain to the public that science is always incomplete and incremental, that knowledge is imperfect. Communicating with the media is becoming an obligation, and popularizing of science is becoming an integral part of the professional responsibility of practicing scientists. This overview indicates that there is a need for scientists to increase their communication skills and activities across a broad field and for journalists to increase their understanding and training in science.

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Van, Velden D. P. "Responsibility of media coverage and media attitudes towards science and technology /". Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/921.

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Whannel, Garry. "Television sport coverage and cultural transformation". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251243.

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Günen, Berna. "The European press coverage of the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0023.

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La thèse porte sur la guerre en Bosnie (avril 1992-décembre 1995) et la diffusion de cette guerre par la presse européenne. Le travail consiste à analyser les commentaires et les éditoriaux publiés dans les presses britannique, française et allemande entre 1991 et 1995. Les journaux consultés sont les suivants: The Guardian, The Times, Le Figaro, Le Monde, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung et Süddeutsche Zeitung. L’ambition est de prouver que l’intense couverture de la guerre en Bosnie ne montre pas nécessairement une bonne compréhension de celle-ci par les commentateurs. Au contraire, ces derniers se furent montrés arrogants sinon ignorants. La presse européenne réagit aux symptômes de la guerre tandis qu’elle ignora et/ou déforma ses causes et ses dynamiques. Les vieux préjugés sur les Balkans firent que les commentaires soient pleins d’erreurs factuelles et d’incohérences. Cette approche eurocentrique initiale des commentateurs les mena à se réfugier dans une interprétation eurocentrique de la guerre en Bosnie (cercle vicieux). Puisque la Bosnie était ethniquement trop hétérogène pour survivre à la désintégration yougoslave et qu’elle était donc vouée à la guerre civile, ce qui était en jeu n’était plus d’assurer une paix juste et durable en Bosnie, mais d’arrêter la guerre de sorte que les organisations occidentales et internationales puissent sauver la face. En dernière analyse, la couverture intense mais confuse de la presse européenne aboutirent à la caricaturisation du conflit, ce qui renforça les vieux préjugés parmi les lecteurs. La thèse ainsi confirme que le danger ne réside pas dans la médiatisation des événements, mais dans la caricaturisation de ceux-ci
The dissertation focuses on the war in Bosnia (April 1992-December 1995) and its coverage by the European press. Its scope has been limited to the commentaries and the editorials published in the British, French and German press between 1991 and 1995. The newspapers which have been analysed are The Guardian, The Times, Le Figaro, Le Monde, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung and Süddeutsche Zeitung. The aim of this dissertation is to prove that the European press’ intense coverage of the Bosnian war did not necessarily mean that it fully understood this conflict. On the contrary, the commentators’ approach was arrogant, if not ignorant. The European press responded to the symptoms of the war while it ignored and/or distorted its causes and dynamics. The commentaries written under the influence of old prejudices on the Balkans included many factual errors and inconsistencies. The commentators’ initial Eurocentric approach led them to adopt an equally Eurocentric interpretation of the Bosnian war as a defence mechanism (vicious circle). Since Bosnia was ethnically too heterogeneous to survive the disintegration of Yugoslavia and therefore doomed to civil war, so the argument went, what was at stake was not to broker a just and durable peace in Bosnia, but to stop the war somehow so that Western/international organisations could save face. In the final analysis, the press’ intense yet chaotic coverage led to the caricaturisation of the Bosnian war, which in turn reinforced the existing prejudices among the readers. The dissertation thus confirms that the real danger lies not in mediatisation as such, but in caricaturisation of world events

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Perreault, Gregory Pearson. "Coverage of Islam in English-language Egyptian media". Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2010. http://worldcat.org/oclc/648982382/viewonline.

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Parrott, Ashley. "Media Coverage of Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1276977244.

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Saied, Kaj. "News Media in War Culture". Thesis, Karlstad University, Karlstad University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1476.

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Fear has found its latest instrument in the news media. The discourse of fear in news presentations produces gasping meanings, which we can compellingly indulge in. Fear not just being entertaining, but one of the ways in which we relate to reality, is used as a protection mechanism of our status quo. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the extent to which Fox News tends to use, and further reproduce, the fear discourse to form identities and meaning. The method utilized in this thesis is frame analysis, which is a form of discourse analysis. The primary results indicate that Fox News undeniably uses the fear discourse, for entertainment and the proliferation of the status quo - meaning system. In addition, Fox News applies fear blatantly in the news presentations, as acts of courage and virtuous loyalty to reporting.

Key words: Fear, Frame analysis, Meaning, News media, Infotainment.

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