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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Mechanisms of reactions”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 1 lutego 2022

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1

Maker, Jenana H., Cassandra M. Stroup, Vanthida Huang i Stephanie F. James. "Antibiotic Hypersensitivity Mechanisms". Pharmacy 7, nr 3 (27.08.2019): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy7030122.

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Antibiotics are commonly prescribed to treat a variety of bacterial infections. As with all medications, hypersensitivity reactions may occur and clinicians should be able to recognize them accurately and recommend appropriate management. Antibiotic related hypersensitivity reactions may be one of four different types: Type I reactions, which are IgE mediated and may lead to anaphylaxis; Type II reactions that are antibody-mediated and may result in thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, or hemolytic anemia; Type III reaction that involves an immune complex formation such as vasculitis; and Type IV reactions that consist of four subtypes and typically include a rash of varying level of severity with or without systemic signs and symptoms. Herein, we describe the mechanisms of different types of allergic reactions to commonly prescribed antibiotics and offer recommendations for management. Further, we briefly refer to antibiotic reactions that mimic hypersensitivity reactions but are not immune mediated, such as pseudoallergies and serum sickness-like reactions.

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Liu, Qiang, Xufang Liu i Bin Li. "Base-Metal-Catalyzed Olefin Isomerization Reactions". Synthesis 51, nr 06 (19.02.2019): 1293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1612014.

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The catalytic olefin isomerization reaction is a highly efficient and atom-economic transformation in organic synthesis that has attracted tremendous attention both in academia and industry. Recently, the development of Earth-abundant metal catalysts has received growing interest owing to their wide availability, sustainability, and environmentally benign nature, as well as the unique properties of non-precious metals. This review provides an overview of a broad range of base-metal-catalyzed olefin isomerization reactions categorized according to their different reaction mechanisms.1 Introduction2 Base-Metal-Catalyzed Olefin Isomerization Reactions3 Base-Metal-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization Reactions4 Conclusion

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3

Harlov, Daniel E., i Horst R. Marschall. "Mechanisms of metasomatic reactions". Mineralogy and Petrology 95, nr 3-4 (12.02.2009): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00710-009-0045-6.

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4

Greer, Edyta M., i Christopher V. Cosgriff. "Reaction mechanisms: pericyclic reactions". Annual Reports Section "B" (Organic Chemistry) 108 (2012): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2oc90017c.

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Yau, Hon Man, i Anna K. Croft. "Reaction mechanisms: polar reactions". Annual Reports Section "B" (Organic Chemistry) 108 (2012): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2oc90019j.

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Tantillo, Dean J., i Jeehiun K. Lee. "Reaction mechanisms: pericyclic reactions". Annual Reports Section "B" (Organic Chemistry) 107 (2011): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1oc90004h.

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7

Croft, Anna K., i Erika Davies. "Reaction mechanisms: polar reactions". Annual Reports Section "B" (Organic Chemistry) 107 (2011): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1oc90005f.

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8

Yau, Hon Man, i Anna K. Croft. "Reaction mechanisms: polar reactions". Annual Reports Section "B" (Organic Chemistry) 109 (2013): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3oc90006a.

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Greer, Edyta M., i Christopher V. Cosgriff. "Reaction mechanisms: pericyclic reactions". Annual Reports Section "B" (Organic Chemistry) 109 (2013): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3oc90014b.

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Dayal, Akash, Manish Shrivastava, Rajiv Upadhyaya i Lakhbir Singh Brar. "Numerical Combustion Evaluation of Select Detailed Chemistry Mechanisms for Their Impact on Compression Ignition Diesel Engine Performance Prediction". Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 12, nr 8 (1.08.2020): 1072–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2670.

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The study focuses on the selection of detailed chemistry model for numerical combustion of compression ignition diesel engine. Three different established chemical reaction mechanisms of different chemistry resolution are considered to predict the macro performance characteristics. The numerical computation is performed on turbocharged 5.67L 130PS commercial vehicle diesel engine. The three chemical reactions mechanisms are used for engine performance prediction analysis viz. PSM Mechanism (having 121 species and 593 reactions), ERC Mech reaction mechanism model (having 61 species with 235 reactions) and Chalmers’ reaction mechanism model (having 42 species with 168 reactions) for analyses. The surrogate diesel fuel n-heptane is used in the combustion analysis. By making use of the three-chemistry model, conclusive results indicate significant differences in the computational runtime without much loss in the accuracy of the performance characteristics (expressed as the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP)).

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11

An, Lu-Yan, Zhen Dai, Bin Di i Li-Li Xu. "Advances in Cryochemistry: Mechanisms, Reactions and Applications". Molecules 26, nr 3 (1.02.2021): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030750.

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It is counterintuitive that chemical reactions can be accelerated by freezing, but this amazing phenomenon was discovered as early as the 1960s. In frozen systems, the increase in reaction rate is caused by various mechanisms and the freeze concentration effect is the main reason for the observed acceleration. Some accelerated reactions have great application value in the chemistry synthesis and environmental fields; at the same time, certain reactions accelerated at low temperature during the storage of food, medicine, and biological products should cause concern. The study of reactions accelerated by freezing will overturn common sense and provide a new strategy for researchers in the chemistry field. In this review, we mainly introduce various mechanisms for accelerating reactions induced by freezing and summarize a variety of accelerated cryochemical reactions and their applications.

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12

Kochetova, Ludmila B., i Tatiana P. Kustova. "Kinetics and mechanism of acyl transfer reactions. Part 15. Quantumchemicalsimulation of mechanisms of reactions of N-ethylaniline sulfonation". Butlerov Communications 57, nr 2 (28.02.2019): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-57-2-19.

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The RHF/6-31G(d) quantum chemical simulation of the mechanism of the interaction of the secondary fatty aromatic amine N-ethylaniline with benzenesulfonyl chloride under conditions of non-specific water solvation, using the continuum model of the solvent, as well as of sulfonylation reactions of N-ethylaniline solvation complexes containing one water molecule, modeled specific solvation of N-ethylaniline with water, and one molecule of water and one of dioxane, which simulate the solvation of the amine with aqueous dioxane. Three-dimensional potential energy surface of these processes is calculated. It is shown that in the case of a reaction proceeding under conditions of non-specific solvation of reagents, the route with axial attack of the N-ethylaniline molecule to the sulfonyl reaction center is realized, in the two other cases the reactions proceed along a single route, starting as an axial attack of the nucleophile, which goes further with decreasing of the attack angle as reagent molecules approach each other. It was established that all the simulated reactions proceed in accordance with bimolecular coordinated mechanism of nucleophilic substitution SN2, which implies the formation of a single transition state in the reaction path. It was found that geometrical configuration of the reaction center in the transition state of N-ethylaniline reaction with benzenesulfonyl chloride under non-specific solvation by water is close to trigonal-bipyramidal, which is determined by the axial direction of the nucleophilic attack, in the two other cases it is medium between the trigonal-bipyramidal and tetragonal-pyramidal, which is associated with the change in the angle of N-ethylaniline attack as the reactant molecules approach each other. In a reaction involving N-ethylaniline monohydrate, a water molecule forms a 6-membered cyclic structure with reagent molecules in the transition state, in which the transfer of a proton from N-ethylaniline amino group to a hydrogen chloride molecule occurs via a relay mechanism involving the water molecule. The activation energy values of the studied processes were calculated; it is shown that both specific and universal solvation significantly lower the energy barrier of the reaction compared to the reaction occurring in gas phase, which is consistent with the data obtained earlier for related processes.

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13

Branca, Carmen, i Blasi di. "Parallel and series-reaction mechanisms of wood and char combustion". Thermal Science 8, nr 2 (2004): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0402051b.

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Thermo gravimetric curves in air of beech wood and char, obtained from conventional pyrolysis of beech wood at a laboratory scale, have been re-examined using different kinetic models. Multi-step reaction mechanisms consisting of either four (wood) or two (char) reactions are needed for accurate predictions of weight loss curves. In the case of wood, three reactions are linear in the reactant mass fraction whereas the fourth step presents a power-law dependence. A linear reaction for devolatilization and a non-linear reaction for combustion are used for the weight loss curves of char. It has been found that activation energies and pre-exponential factors are in variant with series or parallel reactions, providing changes in the stoichiometric coefficients. Further more, the activation energies of the two reactions occurring at higher temperatures in the four-step mechanism (wood) and those of the two-step mechanism (char) are the same. Thus pre-exponential factors and reaction order take into account variations in the char reactivity derived from different pyrolysis conditions.

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14

Crosby, Ian T., James K. Shin i Ben Capuano. "The Application of the Schmidt Reaction and Beckmann Rearrangement to the Synthesis of Bicyclic Lactams: Some Mechanistic Considerations". Australian Journal of Chemistry 63, nr 2 (2010): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch09402.

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The syntheses of some methoxy-substituted bicyclic lactams, of the types 3 and 4, are reported employing two different conditions for the Schmidt reaction of appropriate ketones and employing two different conditions for the Beckmann rearrangement of the corresponding ketoximes. The alkyl to aryl migration ratios of the reactions were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the reactions. The mechanisms of the reactions reported are discussed, some limitations of the reported mechanisms identified, and an alternative mechanism proposed in light of the outcomes of the various reactions. Application of the Schmidt reaction and Beckmann rearrangement was used for the synthesis of some chloro bicyclic lactams, of the types 3 and 4.

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15

Croce, A. E. "First-order parallel and consecutive reaction mechanisms — Isosbestic points criterium". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 86, nr 9 (1.09.2008): 918–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v08-098.

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A criterium for the selection of reaction mechanism derived from a condition for isosbestic points occurrence is presented. Analytical relationships involving the molar absorption coefficients of the species, which participate in a mechanism of parallel first-order reactions and the corresponding rate coefficients, are also reported. A model system of four species that present overlapping absorption spectra may correspond to the reactant and products of a system of parallel or consecutive first-order reactions. In the first case, under experimental conditions in which the absorbances are additive, the presence of an isosbestic point in the spectrum of the reaction mixture at a given wavelength leads to a time-independent ratio of the degree of advancement of reaction variables. From this, relevant kinetic information may be extracted, namely, the ratio of the reaction rate coefficients. Moreover, the occurrence of isosbestic points allows discarding the second mechanism. This conclusion is independent of the number of absorbing species. Model calculated examples show the application of the equations here derived. The resolution for the general case of mechanisms of N first-order reactions is provided.Key words: chemical kinetics, time-resolved absorption spectra, reaction mechanism.

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16

Humeres, Eduardo. "Mechanisms of Water Catalysed Reactions". Molecules 5, nr 12 (22.03.2000): 307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/50300307.

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17

GHISLA, Sandro, i Vincent MASSEY. "Mechanisms of flavoprotein-catalyzed reactions". European Journal of Biochemistry 181, nr 1 (kwiecień 1989): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb14688.x.

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18

Kopko, P. M., i P. V. Holland. "Mechanisms of severe transfusion reactions". Transfusion Clinique et Biologique 8, nr 3 (czerwiec 2001): 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1246-7820(01)00113-6.

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19

Schramm, Vern L. "Chemical Mechanisms in Biochemical Reactions". Journal of the American Chemical Society 133, nr 34 (31.08.2011): 13207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja2062314.

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20

Storrow, J. K. "Exchange mechanisms of hadronic reactions". Reports on Progress in Physics 50, nr 10 (1.10.1987): 1229–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/50/10/001.

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21

Cummins, Jordan M., Timothy A. Porter i Maitland Jones. "Stepwise Mechanisms in Cyclopropylcarbene Reactions". Journal of the American Chemical Society 120, nr 26 (lipiec 1998): 6473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja9803052.

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22

Davies, Michael B. "Mechanisms of reactions in solution". Annual Reports Section "A" (Inorganic Chemistry) 102 (2006): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b514849a.

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23

Lilley, David M. J. "Mechanisms of RNA catalysis". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, nr 1580 (27.10.2011): 2910–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0132.

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Ribozymes are RNA molecules that act as chemical catalysts. In contemporary cells, most known ribozymes carry out phosphoryl transfer reactions. The nucleolytic ribozymes comprise a class of five structurally-distinct species that bring about site-specific cleavage by nucleophilic attack of the 2′-O on the adjacent 3′-P to form a cyclic 2′,3′-phosphate. In general, they will also catalyse the reverse reaction. As a class, all these ribozymes appear to use general acid–base catalysis to accelerate these reactions by about a million-fold. In the Varkud satellite ribozyme, we have shown that the cleavage reaction is catalysed by guanine and adenine nucleobases acting as general base and acid, respectively. The hairpin ribozyme most probably uses a closely similar mechanism. Guanine nucleobases appear to be a common choice of general base, but the general acid is more variable. By contrast, the larger ribozymes such as the self-splicing introns and RNase P act as metalloenzymes.

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24

Austin, Sam M., N. Anantaraman i J. S. Winfield. "Heavy-ion reactions as spin probes". Canadian Journal of Physics 65, nr 6 (1.06.1987): 609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p87-086.

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Heavy-ion reactions can be powerful probes for spin-transfer strength in nuclei, provided their reaction mechanism is simple so that a correlation can be established between cross sections and the relevant matrix elements. We discuss the desirable features of heavy-ion reactions in general and a series of tests of reaction mechanisms that have been carried out for two of the most favorable reactions; (6Li, 6He) and (12C, 12N). We establish that the (6Li, 6He) reaction is one-step in nature above 25 MeV∙nucleon−1 and establish a calibration function relating cross sections and Gamow–Teller matrix elements. We also find that the (12C, 12N) reaction is likely to be dominated by the one-step process above about 50 MeV∙nucleon−1.

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25

Mayr, Herbert, i Armin R. Ofial. "How to predict changes in solvolysis mechanisms". Pure and Applied Chemistry 81, nr 4 (1.01.2009): 667–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-08-08-26.

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Stopped-flow and laser flash techniques have been employed to investigate the individual steps of the solvolysis reactions of benzhydryl (diarylmethyl) halides and carboxylates. In this way, absolute rate constants for the ionization (k1), recombination of the carbocation with the leaving group (k-1), and subsequent reaction with the solvent (kSolvOH) have been determined. As the stabilization of the carbocations increases, the mechanism changes from (a) SN1 reactions with irreversible ionization through (b) SN1 reactions with common-ion return and (c) SN2C+ reactions, where the intermediate carbocations accumulate, to (d) the formation of persistent carbocations which do not undergo subsequent reactions under the selected solvolysis conditions. The correlation equation log k = s(N + E), where the carbocations are characterized by the electrophilicity parameter E, and leaving groups and solvents are characterized by the nucleophile-specific parameters s and N can be employed to predict the changes of mechanism.

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26

Kapral, Raymond, Styliani Consta i Daniel Laria. "1996 Polanyi Award Lecture Proton reactions in clusters". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 75, nr 1 (1.01.1997): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v97-001.

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Reactions in mesoscopic, molecular clusters may proceed by mechanisms and with rates that differ from those in bulk solvents. Two examples of reactions in large, liquid-state, molecular clusters are described to illustrate the distinctive features of these reactions: acid dissociation and proton transfer in aprotic, polar solvents. Both of these reactions involve proton dynamics so methods for dealing with mixed quantum–classical systems must be utilized to investigate the reaction dynamics. Surface versus bulk solvation effects play an important role in determining the reaction mechanisms as do the strong cluster fluctuations. Mechanisms for proton transfer within clusters that have no bulk analogs will be described. Keywords: proton reactions, mesoscopic clusters.

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27

Long, Fengqin, Zheng Chen, Keli Han, Lu Zhang i Wei Zhuang. "Differentiation between Enamines and Tautomerizable Imines Oxidation Reaction Mechanism using Electron-Vibration-Vibration Two Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy". Molecules 24, nr 5 (1.03.2019): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24050869.

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Intermediates lie at the center of chemical reaction mechanisms. However, detecting intermediates in an organic reaction and understanding its role in reaction mechanisms remains a big challenge. In this paper, we used the theoretical calculations to explore the potential of the electron-vibration-vibration two-dimensional infrared (EVV-2DIR) spectroscopy in detecting the intermediates in the oxidation reactions of enamines and tautomerizable imines with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO). We show that while it is difficult to identify the intermediates from their infrared and Raman signals, the simulated EVV-2DIR spectra of these intermediates have well resolved spectral features, which are absent in the signals of reactants and products. These characteristic spectral signatures can, therefore, be used to reveal the reaction mechanism as well as monitor the reaction progress. Our work suggests the potential strength of EVV-2DIR technique in studying the molecular mechanism of organic reactions in general.

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28

Sundgren-Andersson, Anna K., Silvia Gatti i Tamas Bartfai. "Neurobiological Mechanisms of Fever". Neuroscientist 4, nr 2 (marzec 1998): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107385849800400207.

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Increased body temperature (fever or hyperthermia) is a physiological response to many different stimuli. In fact, fever (a 1-4°C elevation of the body temperature) is not only a clinical symptom common to many infectious diseases but also a side effect of immunostimulating or antiviral therapies. Hyperthermic reactions, on the other hand, can be observed after treatment with antipsychotic drugs, 5-hydroxytryptamine-receptor agonists, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and as a reaction to anesthesia. Moreover, hyperthermic reactions can be related to particularly stressful emotional states, to the menstrual ovulatory cycle, and to pregnancy. Transient hyperthermia or fever is also a common consequence of cerebral ischemic events, and it is present during stress as well as intense physical exercise. This review focuses on fever, one of the main components of the systemic acute-phase reaction to external proinflammatory stimuli. Special emphasis is given to neuronal mechanisms of fever induction, in which the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in both control of the febrile response as well as other centrally mediated neurological signs of inflammation, such as increased sleep, activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, anorexia, and sickness behavior. This review pays particular attention to the role of proinflammatory cytokines as endogenous pyrogens. NEUROSCIENTIST 4:113-121, 1998

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29

Lee, Jeehiun K., i Dean J. Tantillo. "Reaction mechanisms : Part (ii) Pericyclic reactions". Annual Reports Section "B" (Organic Chemistry) 106 (2010): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b927076k.

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Croft, Anna K. "Reaction mechanisms : Part (iii) Polar reactions". Annual Reports Section "B" (Organic Chemistry) 106 (2010): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b927077a.

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31

Rieder, Michael J. "Mechanisms of Unpredictable Adverse Drug Reactions". Drug Safety 11, nr 3 (wrzesień 1994): 196–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002018-199411030-00005.

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STEVENSON, D., i R. LEWIS. "Proposed mechanisms of aspirin sensitivity reactions". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 80, nr 6 (grudzień 1987): 788–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0091-6749(87)80266-x.

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Yoshikai, Naohiko, i Eiichi Nakamura. "Mechanisms of Nucleophilic Organocopper(I) Reactions". Chemical Reviews 112, nr 4 (23.11.2011): 2339–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr200241f.

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Nelson, Sidney D. "Molecular mechanisms of adverse drug reactions". Current Therapeutic Research 62, nr 12 (grudzień 2001): 885–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-393x(01)80093-x.

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Tagdisi, J. H., M. H. Musayev, M. A. Panahi, L. K. Mamedova, S. A. Tabatabai i R. H. Ghafarzadegan. "On mediator mechanisms of stress-reactions". Pathophysiology 5 (czerwiec 1998): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0928-4680(98)80919-x.

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Lavallee, David K. "Kinetics and mechanisms of metalloporphyrin reactions". Coordination Chemistry Reviews 61 (styczeń 1985): 55–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-8545(85)80002-3.

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Brandtzaeg, Per. "Mechanisms of gastrointestinal reactions to food". Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 4, nr 1-2 (listopad 1997): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1382-6689(97)10036-9.

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Merk, Hans F., i Michael Hertl. "Immunologic mechanisms of cutaneous drug reactions". Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 15, nr 4 (grudzień 1996): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1085-5629(96)80035-6.

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Waterman, Rory. "Mechanisms of metal-catalyzed dehydrocoupling reactions". Chemical Society Reviews 42, nr 13 (2013): 5629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cs60082c.

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40

Miller, Bernard. "Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions and Mechanisms". Journal of Chemical Education 76, nr 3 (marzec 1999): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed076p320.2.

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41

Davies, Michael B. "26 Mechanisms of reactions in solution". Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. A: Inorg. Chem. 99 (2003): 505–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b211498b.

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Davies, Michael B. "27 Mechanisms of reactions in solution". Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. A: Inorg. Chem. 98 (2002): 531–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b109728h.

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Fernández, Israel, Fernando P. Cossío i Miguel A. Sierra. "Dyotropic Reactions: Mechanisms and Synthetic Applications†". Chemical Reviews 109, nr 12 (9.12.2009): 6687–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr900209c.

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Tantillo, Dean J., i Jeehiun K. Lee. "Reaction mechanisms : Part (ii) Pericyclic reactions". Annual Reports Section "B" (Organic Chemistry) 105 (2009): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b822065b.

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O’Donoghue, AnnMarie C., i Chukwuemeka Isanbor. "Reaction mechanisms : Part (iii) Polar reactions". Annual Reports Section "B" (Organic Chemistry) 105 (2009): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b822066m.

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Friedmann, P. S., M. S. Lee, A. C. Friedmann i R. St C. Barnetson. "Mechanisms in cutaneous drug hypersensitivity reactions". Clinical & Experimental Allergy 33, nr 7 (lipiec 2003): 861–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01718.x.

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Yau, Hon Man, i Anna K. Croft. "ChemInform Abstract: Reaction Mechanisms: Polar Reactions". ChemInform 43, nr 48 (8.11.2012): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201248268.

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48

Percec, Virgil, James H. Wang i Robert S. Clough. "Mechanisms of the aromatic polyetherification reactions". Makromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia 54-55, nr 1 (luty 1992): 275–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19920540123.

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Yau, Hon Man, i Anna K. Croft. "ChemInform Abstract: Reaction Mechanisms: Polar Reactions". ChemInform 46, nr 12 (marzec 2015): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201512347.

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Tantillo, Dean J., i Jeehiun K. Lee. "ChemInform Abstract: Reaction Mechanisms: Pericyclic Reactions". ChemInform 43, nr 11 (16.02.2012): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201211260.

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