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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Mechanical ventilators"
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Halpern, P. "(A176) Mechanical Ventilation in Disasters: “To Intubate or Not to Intubate – That is the Question!”". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (maj 2011): s49—s50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11001749.
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The provision of mechanical ventilatory support for large numbers of casualties in disasters is a complex, controversial issue. Some experts consider this modality unsuitable for large disasters and a waste of resources better devoted to eminently salvageable victims. However, the reality has usually been that rescue teams bring with them some ventilatory capability, even if only for perioperative support. Also, there are many instances when the environment, the existing and potential capacities, allow for significant numbers of victims to be saved by providing artificial ventilation, that would otherwise have likely died. It is therefore important to discuss the issue, with all its complexity, so that the disaster preparedness and relief community fully understands its implications and makes informed, locally relevant decisions before and after disasters strike. The purpose of this presentation is to describe the ethical dilemmas, the technical and clinical considerations for such an endeavor. Ethical considerations: providing the most care to the most victims is the dictum of disaster medical management. Lowered standards of care are accepted and often the norm. However, in many moderate and even major disasters, the ability exists to save lives that will certainly be lost otherwise, by providing intensive care including mechanical ventilatory support, or may be provided if the managers so determine. Is it then ethical, to allow certain victims to die when such support may be available? What is the cost-benefit ratio of such a decision? Who should receive this limited resource? The young and healthy? The very sick? The salvageable? The postoperative? For how long? Until the international team leaves? Types of ventilator-dependency in disasters: (1) Primary ventilatory failure, normal lungs, prolonged ventilator dependency, e.g. botulinum toxin; (2) Combined ventilatory and hypoxemic failure, short to medium-term ventilator dependency, e.g. Sarin gas intoxication; (3) Primary hypoxemic failure, parenchymal lung injury, prolonged ventilator dependency, e.g. Anthrax, mustard gas, ricin; (4) Perioperative and prophylactic ventilatory support, short term but unpredictable. Ventilator supply versus demand: (1) Insufficient ventilators for first few hours only, then supplies come in; (2) Insufficient ventilators for days, then national or international relief expected; (3) Insufficient ventilators and no expected supplies. Care environment: (1) ICU, minority of casualties; (2) General floors: inexperienced nursing, medical staff; (3) Insufficient monitoring devices; (4) Insufficient numbers and quality of respiratory therapists; (5) Commercial companies normally providing technical support understaffed. Basic requirements from the ventilators: allows spontaneous ventilation, incorporates some alarms (ideally disconnect and minute volume), made by a reputable and stable company (will be there when the disaster strikes), low cost, user friendly, long shelf life, quick activation from storage, low weight and volume, few spares, few or generic disposables, little and simple maintenance, independent of compressed oxygen (i.e. electric, multiple voltages, long-life battery). The system: Mechanical ventilation is a complete patient care unit comprising: Bed and space, Oxygen supply, Vacuum, Cardiorespiratory monitor, Mechanical ventilator, Nursing staff, Medical staff, Expert consultatory staff, Logistic and technical support staff. Potential mechanical ventilators: (1) BVM or bag-valve-tube; (2) Transport-type, pneumatic or electrical ventilators; (3) Intermediate capability pneumatic, electrical or electronic ventilators; (4) Full capability intensive care ventilators; (5) Single patient use ventilators.
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PAVLIDOU (Κ. ΠΑΥΛΙΔΟΥ), K., I. SAVVAS (Ι. ΣΑΒΒΑΣ) i T. ANAGNOSTOU (Τ. ΑΝΑΓΝΩΣΤΟΥ). "Mechanical ventilation. Part II: Basic principles and function of ventilators." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 62, nr 4 (13.11.2017): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.14864.
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Mechanical ventilation is the process of supporting respiration by manual or mechanical means. When normal breathing is inefficient or has stopped, mechanical ventilation is life-saving and should be applied at once. The ventilator increases the patient's ventilation by inflating the lungs with oxygen or a mixture of air and oxygen. Ventilators play an important role in the anaesthetic management of patients, as well as in the treatment of patients in the ICU. However, there are differences between the anaesthetic ventilators and the ventilators in ICU. The main indication for mechanical ventilation is difficulty in ventilation and/or oxygenation of the patient because of any respiratory or other disease. The aims of mechanical ventilation are to supply adequate oxygen to patients with a limited vital capacity, to treat ventilatory failure, to reduce dyspnoea and to facilitate rest of fatigued breathing muscles. Depression of the central nervous system function is a pre-requirement for mechanical ventilation. Some times, opioids or muscle relaxants can be used in order to depress patient's breathing. Mechanical ventilation can be applied using many different modes: assisted ventilation, controlled ventilation, continuous positive pressure ventilation, intermittent positive pressure ventilation and jet ventilation. Furthermore, there are different types of automatic ventilators built to provide positive pressure ventilation in anaesthetized or heavily sedated or comatose patients: manual ventilators (Ambu-bag), volumecontrolled ventilators with pressure cycling, volume-controlled ventilators with time cycling and pressure-controlled ventilators. In veterinary practice, the ventilator should be portable, compact and easy to operate. The controls on most anaesthetic ventilators include settings for tidal volume, inspiratory time, inspiratory pressure, respiratory rate and inspiration: expiration (I:E) ratio. The initial settings should be between 10-20 ml/kg for tidal volume, 12-30 cmH2 0 for the inspiratory pressure and 8-15 breaths/min for the respiratory rate. Mechanical ventilation is a very important part of treatment in the ICU, but many problems may arise during application of mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. All connections should be checked in advance and periodically for mechanical problems like leaks. Moreover, complications like lung injury, pneumonia, pneumothorax, myopathy and respiratory failure can occur during the course of mechanical ventilation causing difficulty in weaning.
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Yamasaki, Kimiyo. "Mechanical ventilators circuit types". Journal of Mechanical Ventilation 4, nr 4 (15.12.2023): 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.53097/jmv.10092.
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Clinicians might have opportunities to recognize different types of mechanical ventilators circuits and compare them in critical care situations. As a clinician it is important to know the features of those configurations and take them into consideration when choosing modes and settings for patients because it affects the outcome of monitoring and ventilators’ performance. There are three types of ventilators circuits: double limb, single limb with exhalation valve, and single limb with exhalation port. Keywords: Ventilator circuits, exhalation valve, exhalation port
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Ahmed, Dr Saim, Ehtisham Ahmed, Ahmad khan i Zeeshan Rafiq. "Low Cost and Portable Mechanical Ventilator". Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology 12, nr 1 (10.04.2022): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.428.
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This paper presents a low cost and portable mechanical ventilator in order to contribute towards the increasing demand of mechanical ventilators all over the world due to the global pandemic of COVID-19. The proposed system’s portability makes it different from the other ventilators which are currently in use in different hospitals. It could be easily carried from one place to another without facing any difficulty because of its small size and low weight as compared to the previous versions of ventilators. Moreover, the aim is to design provide an adequate amount of oxygen and clears CO2 simultaneously to the patients and it will also prevent infection. The proposed ventilator is one of the simplest variations of a mechanical ventilator and the idea behind this vision is to make it too simple so that any ward nurse or a common man can easily operate it as efficiently so an expert can also invest his/her time while looking after much more severe cases as compared to not making much of his/her timeless productive while standing in front of the ventilators and taking care of patients which are in the initial phase.
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Toma, Shane, Mia Shokry i ehab daoud. "Mechanical ventilator flow and pressure sensors: Does location matter?" Journal of Mechanical Ventilation 4, nr 1 (15.03.2023): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.53097/jmv.10071.
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Introduction Accurate measurements of parameters are essential during mechanical ventilation support. These measurements are achieved through sensors that monitor flows, volumes and pressures. External and internal flow sensors are both commonly used in mechanical ventilation systems to measure gas entering and leaving the lungs. The sensors could be located outside the ventilator (external or proximal) or inside the ventilator (internal or distal), each of which have their own respective advantages and disadvantages. There are differences in the way they function and the information they provide, which can affect their accuracy and usefulness in different clinical situations. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between two critical care ventilators utilizing external sensors to two other ventilators utilizing internal sensors. Methods A bench study using a lung simulator was conducted using three passive, single compartment models: 1) compliance of 40 ml/cmH2O, resistance of 10 cmH2O, 2) compliance of 40 ml/cmH2O, resistance of 20 cmH2O, and 3) compliance of 20 ml/cmH2O, resistance of 10 cmH2O. In each study, two different modes of ventilation, volume controlled (tidal volume 400 ml, respiratory rate 20, PEEP 5 cmH2O, inspiratory time 0.7 seconds) and pressure controlled (inspiratory pressure 15 cmH2O, respiratory rate 20, PEEP 5 cmH2O, inspiratory time 0.7 seconds) were tested. We compared the inspiratory flow, inspiratory tidal volume, peak inspiratory pressures and PEEP in four commercially available critical care ventilators. Two use external flow sensors: G5 (Hamilton Medical), Bellavista 1000e (Vyaire Medical), and two use internal flow sensors: Evita Infinity 500 (Drager), and PB 980 (Medtronic). We also compared these parameters to a mathematical model. Results There were statistically significant differences (P < 0.001) in all four measured parameters: inspiratory flow, tidal volume, PIP and PEEP between all four ventilators, and between the mathematical model and all four ventilators in both modes, in all three clinical scenarios. The post-hoc Dunn test showed significant differences between each ventilator, except for a few parameters in PIP and PEEP, but not in flow or volume. There were variable but significant differences between some of the four parameters measured from the ventilator compared to those measured from the simulator of all four ventilators in both modes. The two ventilators using external sensors had more accurate differences between the delivered and measured tidal volumes (P < 0.001) and inspiratory flow (P < 0.001), however, the other two ventilators with internal sensors had more accurate differences between the delivered and measured PIP (P < 0.001) and PEEP (P < 0.001) levels. Conclusions All four ventilators performed differently from each other and from the mathematical model. The two ventilators using external sensors had more accurate differences between the delivered and measured tidal volumes and inspiratory flow, the two ventilators with internal sensors had more accurate differences between the delivered and measured PIP and PEEP levels. Differences between the ventilators depend on multiple factors including location, type of sensor, and respiratory mechanics. Keywords: Flow sensor, Pressure sensor, PIP, PEEP, Tidal volume, Flow
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Canelli, Robert, Nicole Spence, Nisha Kumar, Gerardo Rodriguez i Mauricio Gonzalez. "The Ventilator Management Team: Repurposing Anesthesia Workstations and Personnel to Combat COVID-19". Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 35, nr 9 (17.07.2020): 927–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885066620942097.
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The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic resulted in unprecedented numbers of patients with respiratory failure requiring ventilatory support. The number of patients who required critical care quickly outpaced the availability of intensive care unit (ICU) beds. Consequently, health care systems had to creatively expand critical care services into alternative hospital locations with repurposed staff and equipment. Deploying anesthesia workstations to the ICU to serve as mechanical ventilators requires equipment preparation, multidisciplinary planning, and targeted education. We aim to contextualize this process, highlighting major differences between anesthesia workstations and ICU ventilators, and to share the insights gained from our experiences creating an anesthesia provider-based ventilator management team.
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Raymond, Samuel J., Sam Baker, Yuzhe Liu, Mauricio J. Bustamante, Brett Ley, Michael J. Horzewski, David B. Camarillo i David N. Cornfield. "A low-cost, highly functional, emergency use ventilator for the COVID-19 crisis". PLOS ONE 17, nr 3 (30.03.2022): e0266173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266173.
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Respiratory failure complicates most critically ill patients with COVID-19 and is characterized by heterogeneous pulmonary parenchymal involvement, profound hypoxemia and pulmonary vascular injury. The high incidence of COVID-19 related respiratory failure has exposed critical shortages in the supply of mechanical ventilators, and providers with the necessary skills to treat. Traditional mass-produced ventilators rely on an internal compressor and mixer to moderate and control the gas mixture delivered to a patient. However, the current emergency has energized the pursuit of alternative designs, enabling greater flexibility in supply chain, manufacturing, storage, and maintenance considerations. To achieve this, we hypothesized that using the medical gasses and flow interruption strategy would allow for a high performance, low cost, functional ventilator. A low-cost ventilator designed and built-in accordance with the Emergency Use guidance from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is presented wherein pressurized medical grade gases enter the ventilator and time limited flow interruption determines the ventilator rate and tidal volume. This simple strategy obviates the need for many components needed in traditional ventilators, thereby dramatically shortening the time from storage to clinical deployment, increasing reliability, while still providing life-saving ventilatory support. The overall design philosophy and its applicability in this new crisis is described, followed by both bench top and animal testing results used to confirm the precision, safety and reliability of this low cost and novel approach to mechanical ventilation. The ventilator meets and exceeds the critical requirements included in the FDA emergency use guidelines. The ventilator has received emergency use authorization from the FDA.
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Ullah, Nasim, i Al-sharef Mohammad. "Cascaded robust control of mechanical ventilator using fractional order sliding mode control". Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 19, nr 2 (2021): 1332–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2022061.
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<abstract><p>A mechanical ventilator is an important medical equipment that assists patients who have breathing difficulties. In recent times a huge percentage of COVID-19 infected patients suffered from respiratory system failure. In order to ensure the abundant availability of mechanical ventilators during COVID-19 pandemic, most of the manufacturers around the globe utilized open source designs. Patients safety is of utmost importance while using mechanical ventilators for assisting them in breathing. Closed loop feedback control system plays vital role in ensuring the stability and reliability of dynamical systems such as mechanical ventilators. Ideal characteristics of mechanical ventilators include safety of patients, reliability, quick and smooth air pressure buildup and release.Unfortunately most of the open source designs and mechanical ventilator units with classical control loops cannot achieve the above mentioned ideal characteristics under system uncertainties. This article proposes a cascaded approach to formulate robust control system for regulating the states of ventilator unit using blower model reduction techniques. Model reduction allows to cascade the blower dynamics in the main controller design for airway pressure. The proposed controller is derived based on both integer and non integer calculus and the stability of the closed loop is ensured using Lyapunov theorems. The effectiveness of the proposed control method is demonstrated using extensive numerical simulations.</p></abstract>
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Gallagher, John J. "Alternative Modes of Mechanical Ventilation". AACN Advanced Critical Care 29, nr 4 (15.12.2018): 396–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/aacnacc2018372.
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Modern mechanical ventilators are more complex than those first developed in the 1950s. Newer ventilation modes can be difficult to understand and implement clinically, although they provide more treatment options than traditional modes. These newer modes, which can be considered alternative or nontraditional, generally are classified as either volume controlled or pressure controlled. Dual-control modes incorporate qualities of pressure-controlled and volume-controlled modes. Some ventilation modes provide variable ventilatory support depending on patient effort and may be classified as closed-loop ventilation modes. Alternative modes of ventilation are tools for lung protection, alveolar recruitment, and ventilator liberation. Understanding the function and application of these alternative modes prior to implementation is essential and is most beneficial for the patient.
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Vika Lestari, Nindi, Dewi Rachmawati i Tri Cahyo Sepdianto. "Overview of Painfor Patients on Mechanical Ventilators". Jurnal Keperawatan Malang (JKM) 9, nr 1 (15.01.2024): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36916/jkm.v9i1.256.
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Background: The installation of a ventilator is a stressor that can cause discomfort and anxiety, potentially leading to complications and having serious impacts on the patient's condition. Objective: To determine the pain scale in patients with mechanical ventilators using the CPOT. Method: The design is descriptive, involving a sample of 30 individuals who meet the criteria of being ventilator-dependent on day 1 and classified as priority 1 critical patients. The sample was taken using an accidental sampling technique. The instrument used is the CPOT pain scale, which consists of four indicators: facial expressions, body movements, muscle tension, and compliance with the ventilator and vocalization (for non-intubated patients). Result: The research results showed that 60% of respondents experienced mild pain, 26.6% experienced moderate pain, and 13.3% experienced severe pain. These differences in pain levels are due to the varying interventions provided to the patients, which impacted physiological responses in the form of vital signs. Implication: It is recommended for nurses to identify the pain scale in patients attached to ventilators and provide psychotherapy to reduce pain so that patients can avoid complications. Keywords:CPOT Scale; Mechanical Ventilator;Pain
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Mechanical ventilators"
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Austin, Paul Nelson. "Imposed Work of Breathing and Breathing Comfort of Nonintubated Volunters Breathing with Three Portable Ventilators and a Critical Care Ventilator". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin997382634.
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Loan, Lori A. "The relationship between ventilator inspired gas temperature and tracheal injury in neonates /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7316.
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Maia, Nathalia Parente de Sousa. "A new method based on heuristic evaluation and realistic simulation for the development of mechanical ventilators centered on the user interface". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13680.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorIntroduction: New human-machine interfaces have been developed to incorporate the new modes and ventilatory parameters. Multiple monitoring data and alarms are presented in graphical interfaces, which many consider still far from ideal for the primary users, healthcare professionals. Hypothesis: Noncompliance with the heuristic human machine interaction can compromise the usability of lung mechanical ventilators by users (doctors, nurses, physiotherapists) Objectives: To develop a new methodology for evaluating and implementing improvements on a ventilator interface pulmonary mechanical intensive care unit (ICU) second heuristic principles. Methods: An experimental study, using two methodologies: one centered on heuristic evaluation by an expert, and the second one focused on a comparative assessment by non-experts. Was held during the period from January 2013 to March 2014, the Laboratory of Respiratory (RespLab). The research was divided into three steps: 1st) evaluating the usability of six habilities (connect, adjust or alter ventilation modes and their parameters; adjust and react appropriately to different types of alarms, monitor respiratory mechanical parameters, and set the trigger mode non-invasive) ventilation interface for experts users; 2nd) Implementation of suggestions for improvements to the interface by a team of specialist engineers in mechanical ventilation (MV); 3rd) Comparison between interfaces (old and new), for users not experts, assessing six tasks (call, adjust the patient, adjust the volume control ventilation (VCV), measurement of mechanical, adjust the pressure control ventilation (PCV), pressure suport ventilation adjustment (PSV). The analysis of the 1st step was descriptive. The outcomes of the 3rd step were: executionÂs runtime and successes of tasks and usability score by analogic visual scale (AVS). Results: Step 1: Participants 8 professional experts. 93 problems were listed. The most violated principles: 5 (error prevention), 1 (Visibility of System Status) and 7 (Flexibility and efficiency of use). 2nd step: passed on and discussed all reports completed by experts users. Changes in the interface were performed following the suggestions and principles heuristics. 3rd step: VCV adjustment, mechanical ventilation and PSV adjustment required longer time to execute; p = 0.02 for the runtime of the task of connecting when first used, to the old interface; p = 0.02 for correct setting of PSV when first held in the new interface; p = 0.08 for the usability score, favoring the new interface. Conclusion: It was possible to develop a new methodology for evaluating and implementing improvements on a mechanical ventilator in ICU interface according to the heuristics.
IntroduÃÃo: Novas interfaces homem-mÃquina foram desenvolvidas para incorporar os novos modos ventilatÃrios e parÃmetros de ventilaÃÃo. MÃltiplos dados de monitorizaÃÃo e alarmes sÃo apresentados nas interfaces grÃficas, que muitos consideram ainda longe da ideal para os usuÃrios primÃrios, os profissionais de saÃde. HipÃtese: O nÃo atendimento aos princÃpios heurÃsticos da interface homem-mÃquina pode comprometer a usabilidade de ventiladores pulmonares por seus usuÃrios (mÃdicos, enfermeiros, fisioterapeutas) Objetivos: Desenvolver uma nova metodologia de avaliaÃÃo e implementaÃÃo de melhorias na interface de um ventilador pulmonar mecÃnico de uma unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) segundo princÃpios heurÃsticos. MÃtodos: Estudo experimental, utilizando-se duas metodologias: uma centrada na avaliaÃÃo heurÃstica por expert, e a segunda, centrada em uma avaliaÃÃo comparativa por nÃo experts. Realizou-se durante o perÃodo de janeiro de 2013 a marÃo de 2014, no LaboratÃrio da RespiraÃÃo (RespLab). A pesquisa dividiu-se em 3 fases: 1Â) avaliaÃÃo da usabilidade de seis habilidades (ligar; ajustar ou alterar modos ventilatÃrios e seus parÃmetros; ajustar e reagir apropriadamente os diferentes tipos de alarmes ; monitorar parÃmetros de mecÃnica respiratÃria, acionar e ajustar o modo de ventilaÃÃo nÃo invasiva) da interface por usuÃrios experts; 2Â) ImplementaÃÃo das sugestÃes de melhorias na interface por uma equipe de engenheiros especialistas em ventilaÃÃo mecÃnica; 3Â) ComparaÃÃo entre interfaces (antiga e nova), por usuÃrios nÃo experts, avaliando 6 tarefas (ligar, ajuste do paciente, ajuste do modo de ventilaÃÃo a volume controlado (VCV), mensuraÃÃo da mecÃnica, ajuste do modo de ventilaÃÃo a pressÃo controlada (PCV), ajuste do modo de ventilaÃÃo a pressÃo de suporte (PSV). A anÃlise da 1Â fase foi descritiva. Os desfechos da 3Â fase foram: tempo de execuÃÃo e acertos das tarefas, e escore de usabilidade atravÃs da Escala Visual AnalÃgica (E.V.A.). Resultados: 1Â fase: Participaram 8 profissionais experts. Ao total, foram listados 93 problemas. Os princÃpios mais infringidos foram: 5 (PrevenÃÃo de erro), 1 (Visibilidade do Status do Sistema) e 7 (Flexibilidade e eficiÃncia de utilizaÃÃo). 2Â fase: repassados e discutidos todos os relatÃrios preenchidos pelos usuÃrios experts. ModificaÃÃes na interface foram realizadas seguindo as sugestÃes e princÃpios heurÃsticos. 3Â fase: ajuste do VCV, mecÃnica ventilatÃria e ajuste do PSV necessitaram de maior tempo para execuÃÃo; p=0,02 para o tempo de execuÃÃo da tarefa de ligar, quando usado pela primeira vez, para a interface antiga; p=0,02 para o ajuste correto do PSV quando realizado pela primeira vez na interface nova; p=0,08 para o escore de usabilidade, favorecendo a interface nova. ConclusÃo: Foi possÃvel desenvolver uma nova metodologia de avaliaÃÃo e implementaÃÃo de melhorias na interface de um ventilador pulmonar mecÃnico de UTI segundo os princÃpios heurÃsticos.
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Almgren, Birgitta. "Endotracheal Suction a Reopened Problem". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4798.
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Lemoignan, Josée. "Decision-making for assisted ventilation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101862.
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurological disease that leads to respiratory compromise and eventually death within two to five years. Even though people with ALS must make many treatment decisions, none has such a significant impact on quality of life and survival as the one pertaining to assisted ventilation. A qualitative research study was undertaken to elicit factors that are pertinent to this decision-making process. Ten individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals with ALS. Six main themes emerged from the interviews. These are: meaning of the intervention, the importance of context, values, and fears in decision-making, the need for information, and adaptation/acceptance of the intervention. Based on these findings, it is argued that a pluralistic conception of autonomy as well as a shared decision-making model is better suited to give high priority to patient autonomy in this context. Some recommendations to improve clinical practice are proposed.
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Johnson, Patricia Lee, i n/a. "Being At Its Most Elusive: The Experience of Long-Term Mechanical Ventilation in a Critical Care Unit". Griffith University. School of Nursing, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030926.154232.
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This research study explored the meanings former patients attributed to being on long-term mechanical ventilation in a critical care unit (CCU). An interpretive phenomenological-ontological perspective informed by the philosophical tenets of Heidegger (1927/1962) was used to examine the lived experience of a group of people who had previously been hospitalised in one of three critical care units in southeast Queensland, Australia, during which time they were on a mechanical ventilator for a period of seven days or more. Data were collected using 14 unstructured audio-taped interviews from participants, who had indicated that they were willing and able to recall aspects of their critical care experience. The data were analysed using the method developed by van Manen (1990). A total of nine people participated in the study, of which six were male and three female. Their ages ranged from 21 to 69 years. Thematic analysis of the data revealed four themes: Being thrown into an uneveryday world; Existing in an uneveryday world; Reclaiming the everyday world; and Reframing the experience. Throughout the description of these themes, excerpts from the interviews with the participants are provided to demonstrate, and bring to light the meaning and interpretations constructed. From this thematic analysis, a phenomenological description drawing on Heidegger's tenets of Being was constructed. Titled Being at its most elusive, this description showed that participants experienced momentary lapses of: situation, engagement, concern and care, temporality, and the ability to self-interpret. These findings highlight and affirm the relevance of Heidegger's ontological tenets to reveal Being. The findings of this study served as a basis for a number of recommendations relating to nursing practice, education and research. Recommendations relating to practice include: constructing a more patient-friendly critical care environment, increased involvement of patients and their families in decision making and patient care activities; ensuring adequate critical care nursing staff levels; ensuring and maintaining appropriate skill level of critical care nurses; enhancing methods of communication with patients; planning for effective patient discharge and adoption of a designated nurse position for discharge planning; providing opportunities for follow up contact of patients once they are discharged from CCU; and promoting the establishment of follow up services for former CCU patients, and their families. Recommendations relating to critical care education include: incorporating more in-depth information of the psychological and social aspects of patient and family care into care planning; incorporating communication and counselling education and training to assist nurses caring for mechanically ventilated patients, and their families; further education regarding the role and responsibilities of patient discharge planning from CCU; incorporating more advanced research skills training and utilisation of research findings into practice; and the provision of appropriate and ongoing training and education in areas such as manual handling and communication skills for all health care staff involved in the direct care of CCU patients. This study also recommended that further research be undertaken to: examine and compare different sedative and analgesic protocols and their effects on the incidence of nightmares and hallucinations reported by CCU patients; replicate this study in a group of patients from different cultural or ethnic backgrounds; evaluate the efficacy of current methods for communicating with intubated and mechanically ventilated patients in the CCU; develop, test and evaluate the efficacy of new methods for communicating with intubated and mechanically ventilated patients in the CCU; examine CCU patients' perceived level of control and power; explore the extent and type of involvement patients would like to have in their care whilst in the CCU; investigate the extent and type of problems experienced by CCU patients after discharge; explore the usefulness and appropriateness of personal diaries for individual patients as an aid to assist in understanding and resolving their CCU experience; and examine the value of follow up contacts by CCU staff to former patients and their families. In summary, the findings from this study add substantial knowledge to critical care nurses' understanding and knowledge about what it means to be on long-term mechanical ventilation in a critical care unit. Findings will help inform future critical care nursing practice and education, and the provision of holistic and evidenced-based care.
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Johnson, Patricia Lee. "Being At Its Most Elusive: The Experience of Long-Term Mechanical Ventilation in a Critical Care Unit". Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/368088.
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This research study explored the meanings former patients attributed to being on long-term mechanical ventilation in a critical care unit (CCU). An interpretive phenomenological-ontological perspective informed by the philosophical tenets of Heidegger (1927/1962) was used to examine the lived experience of a group of people who had previously been hospitalised in one of three critical care units in southeast Queensland, Australia, during which time they were on a mechanical ventilator for a period of seven days or more. Data were collected using 14 unstructured audio-taped interviews from participants, who had indicated that they were willing and able to recall aspects of their critical care experience. The data were analysed using the method developed by van Manen (1990). A total of nine people participated in the study, of which six were male and three female. Their ages ranged from 21 to 69 years. Thematic analysis of the data revealed four themes: Being thrown into an uneveryday world; Existing in an uneveryday world; Reclaiming the everyday world; and Reframing the experience. Throughout the description of these themes, excerpts from the interviews with the participants are provided to demonstrate, and bring to light the meaning and interpretations constructed. From this thematic analysis, a phenomenological description drawing on Heidegger's tenets of Being was constructed. Titled Being at its most elusive, this description showed that participants experienced momentary lapses of: situation, engagement, concern and care, temporality, and the ability to self-interpret. These findings highlight and affirm the relevance of Heidegger's ontological tenets to reveal Being. The findings of this study served as a basis for a number of recommendations relating to nursing practice, education and research. Recommendations relating to practice include: constructing a more patient-friendly critical care environment, increased involvement of patients and their families in decision making and patient care activities; ensuring adequate critical care nursing staff levels; ensuring and maintaining appropriate skill level of critical care nurses; enhancing methods of communication with patients; planning for effective patient discharge and adoption of a designated nurse position for discharge planning; providing opportunities for follow up contact of patients once they are discharged from CCU; and promoting the establishment of follow up services for former CCU patients, and their families. Recommendations relating to critical care education include: incorporating more in-depth information of the psychological and social aspects of patient and family care into care planning; incorporating communication and counselling education and training to assist nurses caring for mechanically ventilated patients, and their families; further education regarding the role and responsibilities of patient discharge planning from CCU; incorporating more advanced research skills training and utilisation of research findings into practice; and the provision of appropriate and ongoing training and education in areas such as manual handling and communication skills for all health care staff involved in the direct care of CCU patients. This study also recommended that further research be undertaken to: examine and compare different sedative and analgesic protocols and their effects on the incidence of nightmares and hallucinations reported by CCU patients; replicate this study in a group of patients from different cultural or ethnic backgrounds; evaluate the efficacy of current methods for communicating with intubated and mechanically ventilated patients in the CCU; develop, test and evaluate the efficacy of new methods for communicating with intubated and mechanically ventilated patients in the CCU; examine CCU patients' perceived level of control and power; explore the extent and type of involvement patients would like to have in their care whilst in the CCU; investigate the extent and type of problems experienced by CCU patients after discharge; explore the usefulness and appropriateness of personal diaries for individual patients as an aid to assist in understanding and resolving their CCU experience; and examine the value of follow up contacts by CCU staff to former patients and their families. In summary, the findings from this study add substantial knowledge to critical care nurses' understanding and knowledge about what it means to be on long-term mechanical ventilation in a critical care unit. Findings will help inform future critical care nursing practice and education, and the provision of holistic and evidenced-based care.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Nursing
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Lindahl, Berit. "Möten mellan människor och teknologi : berättelser från intensivvårdssjuksköterskor och personer som ventilatorbehandlas i hemmet /". Umeå : Department of Nursing, Umeå University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-495.
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Saraiva, Mateus Sasso. "Manobra de hiperinsuflação com ventilador mecânico : uma revisão sistematica com metanálise". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/159642.
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Fundamento: A ventilação mecânica (VM) é um dos suportes de vida utilizados durante a internação em unidade de terapia intensiva. Entretanto, a alteração no mecanismo fisiológico de depuração mucociliar é um dos efeitos deletérios causados pela VM e pela prótese endotraqueal. Dessa forma, a fisioterapia respiratória objetiva manter as vias aéreas pérvias e as unidades alveolares expandidas, facilitando a ventilação pulmonar e para isso podem ser utilizadas manobras como hiperinsuflação manual (HM) ou hiperinsuflação com ventilador mecânico (HVM). Objetivo: Revisar sistematicamente os efeitos da HVM comparado com a HM no volume de secreção depurado, pneumonia associada à VM e tempo de VM em pacientes adultos em VM invasiva; e secundariamente, determinar os efeitos HVM nas variáveis respiratórias e hemodinâmicas. Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca sistemática nas bases de dados Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Lilacs, PEDro e Embase, além de busca manual em referências de estudos publicados até agosto de 2016. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECRs) com pacientes adultos em VM que foram submetidos à manobra HVM comparando com manobra HM. Dois revisores independentes realizaram a seleção dos estudos, a extração dos dados e a avaliação da qualidade metodológica. Resultados: Do total de 3.949 artigos, três ECRs foram incluídos, totalizando 96 indivíduos. Foi observado que ambas as intervenções melhoram as variáveis respiratórias: volume de secreção (0,08g; IC95%: -0,70 a 0,85), complacência estática (1,01ml/cmH2O; IC95%: -5,80 a 7,83), complacência dinâmica (1,47 cmH2O; IC95%: - 3,43 a 6,36), relação PaO2/FiO2 (11,18; IC 95%: -26,28 a 48,65) e pressão arterial de dióxido de carbono (-0,38 mmHg; IC 95%: -2,78 a 2,03), sem diferença entre HVM e HM. Nenhum dos estudos incluídos avaliou as variáveis pneumonia associada à VM e tempo de VM. Conclusões: Esta revisão sistemática com metanálise, demonstrou que ambas as intervenções, melhoram os desfechos volume de secreção, complacência estática, complacência dinâmica, relação PaO2/FiO2 e pressão arterial de dióxido de carbono e que não existe diferença entre as mesmas, entretanto, devido as limitações dos estudos incluídos, novos estudos são necessários para confirmação dos achados.Background: Mechanical ventilation (MV) is one of the supports used during intensive care unit admission. However, the change in the physiological mechanism of mucociliary clearance is one of the deleterious effects caused by MV and endotracheal prosthesis. Thus, respiratory physiotherapy aims to maintain the patent airways and expanded alveolar units, facilitating pulmonary ventilation and for this can be used maneuvers such as manual hyperinflation (HM) or hyperinflation with mechanical ventilator (HVM). Objective: To systematically review the effects of HVM compared with HM on the volume of depurated secretion, MV-associated pneumonia and MV time in adult patients in invasive MV; and secondarily to determine HVM effects on respiratory and hemodynamic variables. Methods: A systematic search was performed in the Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Lilacs, PEDro and Embase databases, as well as a manual search in references of studies published up to August 2016. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included, with adult patients in MV, that were submitted to the HVM maneuver comparing with HM maneuver. Two independent reviewers selected the studies, extracted data and assessed the methodological quality. Results: Of the total of 3,949 articles, three RCTs were included, totaling 96 individuals. It was observed that both interventions improved the respiratory variables: volume of secretion (0.08g, 95% CI: -0.70 to 0.85), static compliance (1.01ml / cmH2O, 95% CI: -5.80 to 7 , 83%), dynamic compliance (1.47 cmH2O, 95% CI: -3.43 to 6.36), PaO2 / FiO2 ratio (11.18; 95% CI: -26.28 to 48.65), and blood pressure Of carbon dioxide (-0.38 mmHg, 95% CI: -2.78 to 2.03), with no difference between HVM and HM. None of the included studies evaluated the variables pneumonia associated with MV and time of MV. Conclusions: This systematic review with meta-analysis has shown that both interventions improve the secretion volume, static compliance, dynamic compliance, PaO2 / FiO2 ratio and blood pressure of carbon dioxide and that there is no difference between them, however, due to limitations of the included studies, further studies are needed to confirm the findings.
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Nemer, Sérgio Nogueira. "Avaliação da força muscular inspiratória (Pi Max), da atividade do centro respiratório (P 0.1) e da relação da atividade do centro respiratório/força muscular inspiratória (P 0.1 / Pi Max) sobre o desmame da ventilação mecânica". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5150/tde-02082007-104326/.
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Introdução: a hipótese deste estudo é de que a Pressão inspiratória máxima, Pressão de oclusão traqueal e sua razão podem predizer a evolução do desmame da ventilação mecânica em uma população mista de Terapia Intensiva. Métodos: A Pi Max , P 0.1 e a razão P 0.1 / Pi Max foram mensuradas em setenta pacientes consecutivos , intubados ou traqueostomizados, e ventilados mecanicamente, que preencheram os critérios para desmame da ventilação mecânica. Após a mensuração da Pi Max, P 0.1 e ainda da freqüência respiratória e volume corrente em litros com o cálculo da relação FR/VC e do produto P 0.1 x FR/VC, os pacientes foram submetidos a um teste de respiração espontânea. Os pacientes que toleraram o teste de respiração espontânea e não precisaram retornar para a ventilação mecânica no período de 24 horas foram considerados desmamados. A sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo, valor preditivo negativo, diagnóstico de acurácia e a área sob a curva ROC (receiver operating characteristic curve) foram calculadas. Resultados: Os valores médios da P 0.1 , Pi Max, P 0.1 / Pi Max, FR / VC e P 0.1 x FR /VC foram de 2,49±1,2, -34,6±13, 0,07±0,01, 75,4±33 e 184,6±123 respectivamente para os pacientes desmamados e 4,36± 2,0, -32,1±11,0 , 0,15± 0,09, 148,4± 42 e 652,9± 358 para os não desmamados da ventilação mecânica. Todos os índices distinguiram entre os pacientes desmamados e não desmamados, à exceção da Pi Max. A sensibilidade para a P 0.1 , Pi Max, P 0.1 / Pi Max, FR / VC e P 0.1 x FR /VC foi de 78,85, 65,38, 80,77, 82,69, 88,46 respectivamente. A especificidade para a P 0.1 , Pi Max, P 0.1 / Pi Max, FR / VC e P 0.1 x FR /VC foi de 72,2, 38,8, 72,2, 83,3, 72,2 respectivamente. Os valores preditivos positivos para a P 0.1 , Pi Max, P 0.1 / Pi Max, FR / VC e P 0.1 x FR /VC foram respectivamente 89,1, 75,5, 89,3, 93,4 e 90,2. Os valores preditivos negativos para a P 0.1 , Pi Max, P 0.1 / Pi Max, FR / VC e P 0.1 x FR /VC foram respectivamente de 54,1, 28,0, 56,5, 62,5 e 68,4. O diagnóstico de acurácia para a P 0.1 , Pi Max, P 0.1 / Pi Max, FR / VC e P 0.1 x FR /VC foi respectivamente de 77,1, 58,5, 78,5, 82,8 e 84,2. As áreas abaixo da curva ROC para a P 0.1 , Pi Max, P 0.1 / Pi Max, FR / VC e P 0.1 x FR /VC foram respectivamente 0,76± 0,06, 0,52±0,08 , 0,78±0,06, 0,90±0,04 e 0,84±0,05. A comparação da áreas abaixo da curva ROC mostrou que os melhores índices foram a relação FR/VC, o produto P 0.1 x FR/VC e a relação P 0.1 / Pi Max não havendo diferença estatística entre eles. A pior área abaixo da curva ROC foi do índice Pi Max. Os índices de desmame da ventilação mecânica P 0.1, Pi Max e P 0.1/ Pi Max não foram diferentes estatisticamente entre os pacientes intubados e traqueostomizados. Conclusão: os melhores índices foram a relação FR/VC, o produto P 0.1 x FR/VC e a relação P 0.1 / Pi Max não havendo diferença estatística entre eles.Introduction: We hypothesized that maximal inspiratory pressure (Pi Max), airway tracheal occlusion pressure (P 0.1) and its ratio (P 0.1/Pi Max) can be used to predict weaning outcome in a mixed ICU mechanically ventilated patients. Methods: Pi Max, P 0.1 and P 0.1 / Pi Max ratio were measured in seventy consecutive intubated or tracheostomized, mechanically ventilated patients, who fulfilled weaning criteria. After these measurements of Pi Max, P0.1, respiratory rate and expiratory tidal volume (L) with the calculation of f / Vt ratio and the product P0.1x f / Vt , the patients were submitted to a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) . Those who were able to sustain the SBT and had no need to return to mechanical ventilation in the following 24 hours were considered weaned. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, diagnostic accuracy and Receiver- operating-characteristics (ROC) curves for this population were calculated. Results: The mean value of P 0.1 , Pi Max, P 0.1 / Pi Max, FR / VC e P 0.1 x FR /VC were 2,49 ±1,2, -34,6± 13, 0,07± 0,01, 75,4±33 and 184,6±123 respectively for the weaned patients and 4,36± 2,0, -32,1±11,0 , 0,15± 0,09, 148,4± 42 e 652,9± 358 for the not weaned patients. All the indexes distinguished between the weaned and not weaned patient, except for the Pi Max. The sensitivity for the P 0.1 , Pi Max, P 0.1 / Pi Max, FR / VC and P 0.1 x FR /VC were respectively 78,85, 65,38, 80,77, 82,69, 88,46. The specificity for P 0.1 , Pi Max, P 0.1 / Pi Max, FR / VC and P 0.1 x FR /VC were 72,2, 38,8, 72,2, 83,3, 72,2 respectively. The positive predictive value for P 0.1 , Pi Max, P 0.1 / Pi Max, FR / VC and P 0.1 x FR /VC were respectively 89,1, 75,5, 89,3, 93,4 e 90,2. The negative predictive value for P 0.1 , Pi Max, P 0.1 / Pi Max, FR / VC and P 0.1 x FR /VC were respectively 54,1, 28,0, 56,5, 62,5 e 68,4. The diagnostic accuracy for P 0.1 , Pi Max, P 0.1 / Pi Max, FR / VC and P 0.1 x FR /VC were respectively 77,1, 58,5, 78,5, 82,8 e 84,2. The area under the ROC curves for P 0.1 , Pi Max, P 0.1 / Pi Max, FR / VC and P 0.1 x FR /VC were respectively 0,76± 0,06, 0,52±0,08 , 0,78±0,06, 0,90±0,04 e 0,84±0,05. The comparison among the areas under the ROC curves showed that the best weaning indexes were f / Vt ratio, the product P 0.1 x f / Vt and the P0.1/ Pi Max ratio with no statistic differences among them. The Pi Max presented the smaller area under the ROC curve. The weaning indexes P 0.1, Pi Max e P 0.1/ Pi Max were not statistically different between intubated or tracheostomized patients. Conclusion: The best weaning indexes were f/Vt ratio , the product P 0.1 x f/Vt and the P 0.1 / Pi Max ratio with no statistically difference among them.
Książki na temat "Mechanical ventilators"
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1955-, Mishoe Shelley C., red. Ventilator concepts: A systematic approach to mechanical ventilators. San Diego, Calif: California College for Health Sciences, 1987.
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Nahum, Avi. Recent advances in mechanical ventilation. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1996.
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Kreit, John W. Mechanical ventilation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
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M, Kacmarek Robert, red. Essentials of mechanical ventilation. New York: McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division, 1996.
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M, Kacmarek Robert, red. Essentials of mechanical ventilation. Wyd. 2. New York: McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division, 2002.
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W, Chang David. Clinical application of mechanical ventilation. Albany: Delmar Publishers, 1997.
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Azriel, Perel, i Stock M. Christine, red. Handbook of mechanical ventilatory support. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1991.
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Jha, Ajay Kumar. Selection of Main Mechanical Ventilators for Underground Coal Mines. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56859-1.
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Łsarenko, S. V. T. Prakticheskii kurs IVL. Moskva: Medit Łsina, 2007.
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1961-, Raoof Suhail, i Khan Faroque A, red. Mechanical ventilation manual. Philadelphia, PA: American College of Physicians, 1998.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Mechanical ventilators"
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Bensard, Denis D., Philip F. Stahel, Jorge Cerdá, Babak Sarani, Sajid Shahul, Daniel Talmor, Peter M. Hammer i in. "Mechanical Ventilators". W Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine, 1367. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00418-6_1879.
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Lacoius-Petruccelli, Alberto. "Mechanical Ventilators". W Perinatal Asphyxia, 31–35. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1807-1_5.
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Belforte, G., G. Eula i T. Raparelli. "Mechanical ventilators and ventilator testers". W Biomechanics and Sports, 27–35. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2760-5_4.
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Baker, David J. "Portable Mechanical Ventilators". W Artificial Ventilation, 139–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55408-8_7.
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Lofaso, Frédéric, Brigitte Fauroux i Hélène Prigent. "Home Mechanical Ventilators". W Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation, 45–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11365-9_7.
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Baker, David J. "Portable Mechanical Ventilators". W Artificial Ventilation, 133–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32501-9_7.
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Fahmy, Tamer, i Sameh Salim. "ICU Ventilators Versus BiPAP Ventilators in Noninvasive Ventilation". W Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation, 31–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21653-9_5.
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Venkataraman, Shekhar T., Bradley A. Kuch i Ashok P. Sarnaik. "Ventilators and Modes". W Mechanical Ventilation in Neonates and Children, 75–104. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83738-9_6.
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Scala, Raffaele. "Ventilators for Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation". W Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation, 27–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11365-9_5.
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Maldonado-Holmertz, Elisa, i Sarah Mayes. "Regulatory Considerations for Bridge Ventilators". W Mechanical Ventilation Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic, 185–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87978-5_18.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Mechanical ventilators"
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Danna, Mason, Evan George, Sanjana Ranganathan, Zachary I. Richards, R. Kenneth Sims, Pauline M. Berens, Priyanka S. Deshpande i Swami Gnanashanmugam. "A Low-Cost, Open-Source Solution to the Covid-19 Ventilator Shortage". W 2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1044.
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Abstract Mechanical ventilators are beneficial in treating and managing various respiratory diseases, including interstitial pneumonia associated with Coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has led to the emergence of a worldwide need for more accessible and affordable mechanical ventilatory devices. This project, known as the Third Coast Ventilator, aims to create a low-cost, open-source solution to the ventilator shortage created by the COVID-19 pandemic; this device can additionally be implemented in developing countries with limited medical resources, where ventilators are often inaccessible. Using readily available components found within hospitals and local stores, our team designed a prototype that can be assembled and functional within an hour. Our testing demonstrated accurate tidal volume delivery while modulating commonly used ranges of inspiratory to expiratory ratios, air flow rates, and respiratory rates. These promising results are an important step toward our goal of creating a low-cost, open-source, globally accessible ventilator in areas where shortages exist.
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Near, Eric, Mustafa Ihsan, Waylon Chan i Vimal Viswanathan. "Design and Testing of a Low-Cost Ventilator to Battle the Global Pandemic". W ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70897.
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Abstract COVID-19 is an infectious disease that has dramatically affected the world, causing a pandemic and changing many aspects of people’s lives and how they interact. The condition is highly contagious and aims at a person’s respiratory system. A ventilator, a medical device that helps patients breathe when they are unable to do it independently, is needed because COVID-19 inflames the airways in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe normally. Ventilators are not the cure for COVID-19 but are a piece of equipment to help people breathe until that body function can be done independently. Such equipment can be expensive to acquire and cumbersome to operate. The Spartan Ventilator uses off-the-shelf equipment, economic controls, and robust techniques to supply a patient’s lungs with oxygen. The system is designed for oxygen tanks that are commonly found within hospitals. However, a mechanical pump will be used as a substitute. All processes are controlled and monitored by an LCD touchscreen attached to an Arduino. The user interface is presented with simple buttons and menus to maximize screen space, provide quick readings of pressure, and control breaths per minute (BPM). PVC pipes, a cheap and durable material suitable for the non-volatile transportation of gas, were used. The valves we use are not definitive; they can be replaced with any 12V valve. The significant differences with the Spartan Ventilator are the price and the simplicity that the new technology has. The Spartan Ventilator can be very cheap compared to other professional ventilators that can be found in hospitals. The ventilator can be ten times less expensive than different professional ventilators while having the same efficiency and power.
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Kruger, Sunita, i Leon Pretorius. "Comparison of the Indoor Climate in Multi-Span and Detached Greenhouses With Various Ventilator Configurations". W ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67304.
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This paper investigates and compares the indoor climate of detached and connected greenhouses. More specifically, the effect of additional greenhouses on indoor climate of first greenhouse was studied. The indoor velocity and temperature distributions in the greenhouses were numerically analyzed using computation fluid dynamics. The initial two greenhouses were first separated by a distance of 4m between them, and equipped with continuous side ventilators opened at 45°. Secondly, the distance between the first and second four span greenhouse was increased to 8m. Lastly a second row of side ventilators were added above the first row of ventilators. Results found that a connected greenhouse with multiple spans might be detrimental to the spans in the middle, as the air movement is significantly reduced. Adding a separate greenhouse on the leeward side with side ventilators also influences the flow to some extent, especially in the third and fourth spans of the first greenhouse. If this distance is increased, the influence is especially noticeable at the back vents of the first greenhouse, where strong currents of air are sucked in. A second row of side ventilators affects the flow, resulting in an increased heterogeneity in the first two spans. Flow is still homogeneous throughout the third and fourth spans, although the air velocity is slightly lower compared to a greenhouse containing only a singe side ventilator. The presence of a second greenhouse can reduce the advantage double side ventilators might have on the indoor climate of the first four span greenhouse.
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Meraj, Mohammad, Atif Iqbal, Nasser MA Emadi, Prathap Reddy Bhimireddy i Chowdhary Muhammad Enamul Hoque. "Electronic Ventilator for COVID-19 Patient treatment". W Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0301.
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In response to expected shortages of ventilators caused by COVID-19 pandemic, globally many organizations and institutes have developed low cost and high rate production ventilators. Many of these ventilators are mechanical type and pneumatic type which are easy to produce but do not have all the necessary control parameters and their options as per the patient requirements. Furthermore, their failure rate is very high and computer interfacing and control is difficult. To address all the drawbacks of the available ventilator, power electronic motor drive based digitally controlled ventilator is designed, developed and tested in the Qatar University Laboratory. It consists of semiconductor switches based inverter driven by the microcontroller to run the BLDC (brushless direct current) motor. All the parameters such as pressure, rate of flow and volume required is successfully tuned and trained to the microcontroller. As per the patient requirement, it can deliver the required amount of the oxygen into the patient’s body and similarly removes the exhaling air from inside. As all the control process is happening by the microcontroller, all the safety, sound and valves can be easily integrated to reduce the risk for the patient. Minimal number of access control buttons are provided to use the developed ventilator so that it can be easily used by all kinds of hospital nurses.
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Kruger, Sunita, i Leon Pretorius. "Heat Transfer in Three-Dimensional Single-Span Greenhouses Containing a Roof Ventilator". W ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71207.
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Greenhouses are used worldwide to grow various types of plants in climates and seasons not usually adequately suited for optimum growth. The microclimate inside greenhouses is of major importance as it directly affects the quantity and quality of crop production. Ventilation is a vital mechanism for maintaining an acceptable indoor climate for optimum plant production. A three-dimensional CFD model of a single span greenhouse with roof ventilators is presented. CFD results from a two-dimensional version of the model are compared with appropriate previous experimental results. The role of the Standard versus Low-Reynolds number k-epsilon turbulence model is emphasized. The addition of a ventilator to the roof of a single-span greenhouse was found to have an influence on the heat transfer inside the cavity. Various configurations of three-dimensional CFD models of the greenhouse with different ventilator opening sizes for zero and 45 degrees roof angle were investigated. Additional Nusselt-Rayleigh number relationships for specific Rayleigh number ranges were deduced, and can be useful for a greenhouse designer.
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Shilin Wu, Qi Zhang, Zhiping Huang i Jiulong Xiong. "A special compressor used in portable mechanical ventilators". W 2009 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aim.2009.5229923.
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Chen, Xiaodong, i Samir Ghadiali. "Computational Model of Microbubble Flows During the Reopening of Airways". W ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53717.
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The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating lung disease in which bacterial infections cause disruption of the blood-gas barrier, flooding and occlusion of pulmonary airways. Patients with ARDS must be placed on a mechanical ventilator to survive. Unfortunately, these ventilators also exacerbate the existing lung injury and as a result the mortality for ARDS is high (∼30–40%). Experimental studies [1,2,3] indicate that the hydrodynamic forces generated during microbubble flows can cause cell death, further barrier disruption and the up-regulation of inflammatory cascades.
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Murcia, Juan P., i A´lvaro Pinilla. "Design and Laboratory Experimental Tests of a Turbine Ventilator". W ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43127.
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The purpose of this paper is to present the experimental performance tests of a family of turbine ventilators designed, using the momentum-blade element theory. The turbine ventilator is designed such that multiple blade configurations and different geometric angles of attack were varied. A total of 108 turbine configurations were tested. The experimentation process is carried out with an open section Low-Speed wind tunnel at the Universidad de los Andes in Bogota´, Colombia. The power coefficient CP and torque coefficient CT curves were derived from rotational speed data measured using a 100 pulses-per-second optical encoder. The best configuration achieved consists of a 16 blades turbine with a −70° geometric angle of attack which has the following maximum values: CP of 0.18, CT of 0.82. This paper outlines the results obtained during a four month (150 hours - 3 academic credits) length undergraduate research project completed at the Universidad de los Andes.
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Makhoul, Alain, Kamel Ghali i Nesreen Ghaddar. "Ceiling-Mounted Fresh Air Personalized Ventilator System for Occupant-Controlled Microenvironment". W ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87565.
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The aim of this work is to develop an effective coaxial personalized ventilator nozzle as add-on to ceiling diffuser to localize the air conditioning and fresh air needs of occupants in a space. The ceiling diffusers supply the space with circulated conditioned return air while the personalized coaxial ventilators supply fresh air directly to the breathing zone of occupants. The coaxial nozzle minimizes air entrainment between the fresh air stream and the space contaminated air and allows the effective delivery of fresh air from a substantial distance with lower amounts than what is required by ASHRAE standards. A detailed 3D CFD model was developed and used to optimize the nozzles dimensions and outlet flow characteristics. The CFD model numerical findings were then validated against experimental data where flow field measurements involving the flow rate and air quality were taken. The proposed air delivery system (coaxial personalized ventilator and angled ceiling diffuser) has substantially reduced air conditioning system energy consumption (up to 28%) when it was compared with conventional overhead mixing systems. Meanwhile, it permitted to obtain equivalent thermal comfort conditions and achieve higher breathing air quality (45% ventilation effectiveness at 10 L/s.person fresh air flow rate) compared to conventional mixed air systems with the privilege of the occupant being able to control his own microclimate.
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Yarascavitch, J., i F. J. Belda. "NIV bench study: performance of nine ventilators". W ERS Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation Conference 2022 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.rfmvc-2022.15.
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VanPutte, William, Tia Arevalo, Dominique Greydanus i Leopoldo Cancio. Evaluation of Two Mechanical Ventilators for Use in U.S. Army Combat Support Hospitals. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, czerwiec 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada424230.
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Moore, Morgan, Kianna Cherry, Mallory Crenshaw, Rachel Kincy, Christen Parnell i Michelle Rickard. Strategies to Reduce Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Incidence in Mechanically Ventilated Pediatric Critical Care Patients: A Scoping Review. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, kwiecień 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2023.0091.
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