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Helguera, Arellano Christian. "Contribution à la résolution du problème des minima locaux dans une méthode de planification de trajectoires sans collision pour robots manipulateurs". Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2282.
Pełny tekst źródłaManshaei, Mohammad Hossein. "Mécanismes d'interactions intercouches pour améliorer la performance des réseaux locaux sans fil IEE 802.11". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00274549.
Pełny tekst źródłaLoiseau, Lucien. "Exploitation des réceptions opportunistes dans les mécanismes de relayage pour les réseaux sans-fil". Télécom Bretagne, 2013. http://www.telecom-bretagne.eu/publications/publication.php?idpublication=14138.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis dissertation proposes a cooperation-based retransmission mechanism for IEEE 802. 11 networks called Forwarding By Retransmission (FBR) that allows stations to opportunistically relay overheard frames toward a destination. This mechanism aims at reducing the mean number of retransmissions in an infrastructure network, or it can be used to forward frames in a small ad hoc network. FBR enables any node that received a frame to participate in the retransmission process, as long as it has a higher probability to reach the destination than the sender. This solution comes with only a few modifications to the frame structure and a change in the acknowledgement semantic. We have implemented our solution using the network simulator NS-2 and show that our mechanism allows to fairly share the bandwidth among stations, even for those with poor radio quality and high packet error rates
Pagano, Stéphane. "Modélisations de mécanismes locaux et leurs identifications dans le comportement de matériaux et de structures". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00221389.
Pełny tekst źródłaBonneau, Nicolas. "Mécanismes multi-utilisateurs centralisés et décentralisés pour les communications sans fil". Paris, ENST, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENST0021.
Pełny tekst źródłaAs wireless systems grow, new challenges are emerging. The exact location of the intelligence is of paramount importance: a central controller (network centric) or the users (user centric)? The performance analysis of multiuser systems is done by novel use of sophisticated methodologies: random matrix theory and game theory. The purpose is to deliver optimal quality of service to users, under constraints like energy consumption and limited knowledge of the environment. First, random matrix theory is used to optimize large cellular networks, for which simulations involve a huge number of parameters. The self-averaging effect of random matrices enables to elegantly single out parameters of interest in asymptotic systems, when both the number of chips and of users grow large with fixed ratio. Although asymptotic, results give accurate predictions of the finite size behavior, as shown by simulations. The performance analysis of centralized systems gives a bound on performance. Second, game theory is applied to distributed multiuser schemes. Game theory studies interactions among selfish players who reason strategically in order to take rational decisions. This is of considerable interest for the deployment of self-organizing networks. Some subfields are particularly promising. Correlated games enable a simple coordination mechanism between players, while evolutionary games provide additional properties of robustness of equilibrium strategies. In the asymptotic regime, non-atomic games study interactions of dense populations where the behavior of a single individual has a negligible impact on the welfare of the population as a whole
Mouquet, Frédéric. "Mécanismes de réparation du tissu cardiaque : rôle des progéniteurs cardiaques locaux et des interactions hémostase/angiogenèse". Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL2S055.
Pełny tekst źródłaOliver-Leblond, Cécile. "Comportement à rupture des structures : description à deux échelles des mécanismes locaux appliquée aux matériaux fragiles renforcés". Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DENS0057/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the context of sustainable development, the study of cracking of large concrete structures has become of primary importance. Two levels of analysis appear: the structure scale and the crack scale. At the structural level, non-linear finite element analyses based on continuum damage mechanics can be carried out. Nevertheless, the use of such models requires the introduction of a characteristic length to prevent the occurrence of spurious mesh dependency in case of strain softening. This characteristic length tends to smooth the discontinuity and thus makes the study of the cracks harder. At the crack level, an explicit description of the crack can be achieved using discrete element methods. This way, the main failure mechanisms of quasi-brittle materials are recovered. But the mesh density required for such modeling is nevertheless prohibitive to treat a whole industrial structure. A non-intrusive technique is proposed, allowing the use of finite element models at a global scale and a decoupled local analysis of some interesting areas, i.e. around cracks, for which a discrete element model is used. Numerical results obtained from the proposed strategy are compared with experimental results and show the applicability of the approach. Several test cases are studied proving the capability of the approach to model the cracks propagation of loaded concrete structures. Specific concrete problems such as scale effect, 3D effect or rebars impact are addressed
Vasques, De Carvalho Francisco. "Sur l'intégration de mécanismes d'ordonnancement et de communication dans la sous-couche MAC de réseaux locaux temps réel". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00139799.
Pełny tekst źródłaVasques, de Carvalho Francisco. "Sur l'intégration de mécanismes d'ordonnancement et de communication dans la sous-couche MAC de réseaux locaux temps-réel". Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30098.
Pełny tekst źródłaBessière-Pacurar, Charlotte. "Compréhension et quantification des mécanismes hydrodynamiques locaux liés à l'aération au sein de faisceaux de fibres creuses immergées". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0041/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is dedicated to better understand the role of aeration to limit fouling onsubmerged hollow fibers membrane fouling, for wastewater treatment industry. Thisstudy uses an innovative experimental setup to perform outside-in filtrationexperiments thanks to several submerged loose hollow fibers organized in confinedbundles. The total membrane area is about 1.2 m2; the configuration of the bundlesis close to the one found in Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs). A complex synthetic fluidwith rheological characteristics close to MBRs sludge is used. Different aerationconditions such as the air flowrate, the location of the air injection, the type ofbubbles injected (whether they are coarse or fine bubbles injected in the reactor)were tested and membrane performances were analysed under a low or a ratherhigh flux of filtration. In specific aeration conditions showing a different behaviour interm of fouling, local characterization of the dispersed phase in an air and watersystem was undertaken by optical probes. Gas hold up and both mean and rootmean square bubble velocity profiles were determined and analysed regarding thelocation of air injection, the air flowrate and the type of bubbles. This study helps understanding the link between local hydrodynamics and foulingmechanisms and could lead to input for aeration device design and location in orderto decrease operating costs due to aeration in Membrane Bioreactors technology
Balde, Alpha Oumar. "Analyse sociologique des mécanismes locaux de participation communautaire au développement en République de Guinée : le cas du Fouta-Djallon". Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA1011.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this work is to seek to understand and explain the mechanisms of local participation in development in the Republic of Guinea. To understand this issue, we posed the following question : How does one become a participant and beneficiary of development? Fouta-Djallon (northern Guinea) has provided a framework for implementing this study. The monograph participation conducted in this area through empirical research (semistructured interviews, life stories and observation) has identified two types of local development actors : those involved in local politics and management those involved in local economic output. Organized into associations (associations of youth, women, nationals, etc) Or in groups and / or cooperative or a federation of farmers, people are actively involved in the promotion and support of local development programs. We found this particularly strong among immigrants (men and women) back to their villages of origin. The latter, having gained experience during their stay abroad, are animated by a spirit of openness and progress. They are so called "leaders" peasants. They are the "pioneers" of innovation and change in their localities. We found also a real evolution of participatory processes in sedentary young women. However, if the former emigrants and sedentary young women are heavily invested in the production and economic exchange, they are specifically excluded from the political management. Indeed, it appears from our study that the management of local political power in Guinea obeys the principle of "gerontocracy" (the authority of elders or sages). This management policy is also based on an oral tradition : the local, often designated by the representatives of customary, are in most cases from the former ruling families of the pre and post colonial. The helping tradition, when people obey the established social order
Prat, Marin. "Variations circadiennes de la toxicité aigue et de la pharmacocinétique plasmatique, cardiaque et cérébrale de trois anesthésiques locaux (Bupivacaïne, Etidocaïne et Mépivacaïne) chez la souris : approche de leurs mécanismes". Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX20651.
Pełny tekst źródłaLangar, Rami. "Mécanismes de gestion de la mobilité et évaluation de performance dans les réseaux cellulaires tout IP". Paris, ENST, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENST0012.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis, we propose a new micro-mobility management scheme, called Micro Mobile MPLS, that supports both mobility and QoS management in wireless networks. Our approach relies on integrating the Mobile IP Regional Registration and MPLS protocols. The major strength of our proposed scheme is its ability to support both the fast handoff and QoS via traffic engineering path and also to reduce the total signaling cost by controlling dynamically the number of registration updates with the root of the domain. Three protocol variants are then defined. In the first variant (FH), we consider the fast handoff mechanism, which anticipates the LSP procedure setup with an adjacent neighbor subnet that an MN is likely to visit. In the second variant (FC), the forwarding chain concept, which is a set of forwarding path, is provided to track efficiently the host mobility within a domain. Finally, the third protocol variant (MFC) aims to reduce the total signaling cost by controlling dynamically the number of registration updates with the root of the domain according to a cost comparison and using the mobility characteristics of users and network environments. In order to assess the efficiency of our proposals, all underlying protocols are compared through analysis and simulations. Analytical models using Markov chains are developed to evaluate the handoff latency, the link usage and the signaling cost function for both two-dimensional (2-D) and one-dimensional (1-D) mobility models. Numerical and simulation results show that the proposed mechanisms can significantly reduce the registration updates cost and provide low handoff latency and packet loss rate under various scenarios
Carmo, Rosa Maria Leão. "Le réseau DQDB : spécification, modélisation et évaluation de performances de mécanismes pour des services temps réel". Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30243.
Pełny tekst źródłaDesvignes, Cyril. "Mécanismes locaux et périphériques de la tolérance induite par voie orale : étude dans un modèle d'hypersensibilité retardée de contact aux haptènes". Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T179.
Pełny tekst źródłaGaye, Ababacar. "Analyse multiéchelle des mécanismes de déformation du sel gemme par mesures de champs surfaciques et volumiques". Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1053/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe develop in this study new experimental methodologies for the multi-scale experimental investigation of the micromechanics of polycrystalline materials. These methodologies are applied to synthetic halite (NaCl), which is a convenient model polycristal due to its viscoplastic behavior at both ambient and high temperatures (350°C). In addition, halite is used for industrial applications such as underground energy and waste storage. The ductile deformation at the scale of the microstructure operates not only through conventional intra-granular plasticity, but also through inter-granular deformation mechanisms, such as grain-boundary sliding (GBS). First, we precisely quantify the relative contribution of each of these local mechanisms to the macroscopic deformation of halite. For this purpose, we apply digital image correlation (DIC) technique to high resolution images obtained during uniaxial compression tests in the chamber of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The DIC algorithms have been modified to account for the discontinuous kinematics at grain boundries. We also propose a method to improve accuracy of GBS quantification, which consists in creating specific artificial patterns across grain-boundaries by electron beam lithography. The results show that GBS is present from the beginning of plastic deformation of the polycrystal. The 2D observations (using SEM) are complemented by 3D volume investigations using X-ray computed microtomography and Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) techniques. In order to obtain local volume markers differing in contrast (density) from NaCl and adapted to DVC, micrometric copper particles (3 % in volume) are dispersed into the material during its elaboration. Various microstructures (in terms of average grain size) are considered. New DVC protocols allow us to obtain the three-dimensional distribution of ductile deformation at the scale of the polycrystalline microstructure, with a spatial resolution finer than the average grain size. 3D and 2D local mechanical fields are compared on the same samples submitted to uniaxial compression. The strain patterns and the deformation mechanisms observed in depth of the sample are consistent with those identified by 2D observations. The results show the same organization and development of strain localization bands in relation with the loading conditions and microstructure, both at the surface and in volume. The importance of inter-granular mechanisms for the plastic deformation and diffuse damage of halite is also confirmed in 3D. Finally, in view of a further numerical model of the plasticity of the polycrystal, the three-dimensional polycrystalline microstructure is characterized by diffraction contrast tomography and compared to 2D measurements obtained by electron BackScattered diffraction
Libert, Maximilien. "Influence des mécanismes de plasticité sur la transition ductile fragile des aciers faiblement alliés. Etude de l'irradiation sur le comportement". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00270833.
Pełny tekst źródłaLes modèles d'approche locale de la rupture par clivage constituent l'un des principaux outils de prédiction de la ténacité des aciers faiblement alliés. La dispersion des contraintes à rupture est interprétée comme un effet de la distribution des défauts dans la microstructure, mais l'effet des hétérogénéités mécaniques n'est pas pris en compte. Or, en dessous d'une température de transition de comportement Ta (de l'ordre de 25°C), les mécanismes de déformation sont grandement affectés par la température et la vitesse de déformation.
Notre approche consiste à prendre en compte l'effet des hétérogénéités de contraintes dans un critère local d'amorçage du clivage. Les résultats de calculs de microstructure sont utilisés pour proposer une description statistique de l'évolution des distributions de contraintes locales. Cette approche statistique permet de proposer un modèle d'approche locale de la rupture dépendant à la fois des hétérogénéités mécaniques et des distributions de tailles de défauts.
Le comportement du matériau et son évolution sont caractérisés aux échelles microscopique et macroscopique dans le domaine de température [25°C,-196°C]. Des essais de traction simple, de sauts de vitesse et de température, et de ténacité sont réalisés.
Nous proposons un modèle de comportement micromécanique décrivant le comportement plastique en dessous de la température de transition Ta. La loi de comportement est basée sur les mécanismes de déformation décrits dans la bibliographie et identifiées par méthode inverse à partir des essais mécaniques. Les observations au MET et la caractérisation du comportement activé thermiquement permettent de fixer plusieurs paramètres du modèle.
Des simulations sont réalisées afin de modéliser les distributions de contrainte principale Σ1 dans deux microstructures bainitiques correspondant au volume élémentaire de l'approche locale de la rupture. L'effet de la température et de la triaxialité sur l'évolution des hétérogénéités est caractérisé. Nous proposons une fonction de distribution décrivant la distribution des valeurs locales de Σ en fonction des contraintes principales et équivalente <Σ> et <Σmises> moyennes dans la microstructure.
Cette fonction est utilisée pour formuler un modèle d'approche locale de la rupture intégrant la distribution des tailles de défauts critiques et les distributions de Σ1.. On montre que dans certains cas, la dispersion des contraintes locales suffit à expliquer les dispersions des contraintes à rupture à l'échelle du volume élémentaire. Les dispersions de contraintes à rupture sont en accord avec celles prédites par le modèle de Beremin. La prise en compte des hétérogénéités mécaniques permet d'introduire une dépendance de la probabilité de rupture en fonction de la température, de la déformation et de la triaxialité. Il reste à appliquer le modèle d'approche locale au calcul d'éprouvettes CT et de comparer les dispersions de ténacités simulées à celles mesurées expérimentalement.
Chauveau, Emilie. "Etude des mécanismes d'induction et de contrôle de la production d'interféron par le virus de la Bluetongue dans les cellules non-hématopoïétiques". Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077235.
Pełny tekst źródłaBluetongue disease is a severe hemorragic disease in ruminant, transmitted by midges from the genus Culicoides. Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the etiologic agent of the disease. This double stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus is an Orbivirus, belonging to the Reoviridae family. It has been reported for a long time that BTV infection induces interferon production. However the cellular sensors and signaling pathways involved in this process remain unknown. The aim of this project is to identify them and to evaluate the capacity of BTV to modulate type I IFN (IFN-I) synthesis, as other viruses do. As expected, in response to BTV infection, human and bovine cells showed a strong production of IFN[3. This production is dependent on viral replication and mediated through the RNA helicases, RIG-I or MDA5. These RNA helicases can activate IFNO production by sensing the dsRNA of BTV in a human cellular model. This antiviral response leads to the control of BTV replication. Furthermore, we found that BTV serotype 8 (BTV-8) can dampen the IFN-I pathway and that the non structural protein 3 (NS3) is involved in this process. NS3 specifically inhibits the transcripts production activated by the IFN-I production pathway. NS3 seems to target a protein involved in the RIG¬like receptor (RLR) pathway between MAVS and TBKVIKKe complex, but its mechanism of action remains to determine
Libert, Maximilien. "Etudes expérimentale et numérique de l'effet des mécanismes de plasticité sur la rupture fragile par clivage dans les aciers faiblement alliés". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00413677.
Pełny tekst źródłaLes modèles d'approche locale de la rupture par clivage constituent l'un des principaux outils de prédiction de la ténacité des aciers faiblement alliés. La dispersion des contraintes à rupture est interprétée comme un effet de la distribution des défauts dans la microstructure, mais l'effet des hétérogénéités mécaniques n'est pas pris en compte. Or, en dessous d'une température de transition de comportement Ta (de l'ordre de 25°C), les mécanismes de déformation sont grandement affectés par la température et la vitesse de déformation.
Notre approche consiste à prendre en compte l'effet des hétérogénéités de contraintes dans un critère local d'amorçage du clivage. Les résultats de calculs de microstructure sont utilisés pour proposer une description statistique de l'évolution des distributions de contraintes locales. Cette approche statistique permet de proposer un modèle d'approche locale de la rupture dépendant à la fois des hétérogénéités mécaniques et des distributions de tailles de défauts.
Le comportement du matériau et son évolution sont caractérisés aux échelles microscopique et macroscopique dans le domaine de température [25°C,-196°C]. Des essais de traction simple, de sauts de vitesse et de température, et de ténacité sont réalisés.
Nous proposons un modèle de comportement micromécanique décrivant le comportement plastique en dessous de la température de transition Ta. La loi de comportement est basée sur les mécanismes de déformation décrits dans la bibliographie et identifiée par méthode inverse à partir des essais mécaniques. Les observations au MET et la caractérisation du comportement activé thermiquement permettent de fixer plusieurs paramètres du modèle.
Des simulations sont réalisées afin de modéliser les distributions de contrainte principale σ1 dans deux microstructures bainitiques correspondant au volume élémentaire de l'approche locale de la rupture. L'effet de la température et de la triaxialité sur l'évolution des hétérogénéités est caractérisé. Nous proposons une fonction de distribution décrivant la distribution des valeurs locales de σ1 en fonction des contraintes principales et équivalente <σ1> et <σmises> moyennes dans la microstructure.
Cette fonction est utilisée pour formuler un modèle d'approche locale de la rupture intégrant la distribution des tailles de défauts critiques et les distributions de σ1. On montre que dans certains cas, la dispersion des contraintes locales suffit à expliquer les dispersions des contraintes à rupture à l'échelle du volume élémentaire. Les dispersions de contraintes à rupture sont en accord avec celles prédites par le modèle de Beremin. La prise en compte des hétérogénéités mécaniques permet d'introduire une dépendance de la probabilité de rupture en fonction de la température, de la déformation et de la triaxialité. Il reste à appliquer le modèle d'approche locale au calcul d'éprouvettes CT et de comparer les dispersions de ténacités simulées à celles mesurées expérimentalement.
Zaepffel, Manuel. "Etude des mécanismes fonctionnels de la préparation du mouvement : inférences à partir des potentiels électrophysiologiques de surface, intracorticaux et des rythmes cérébraux dans une tâche de saisie manuelle". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5100.
Pełny tekst źródłaFor grasping, the motor system has to control several movement parameters to produce a motor command adapted to the object properties. The understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of this motor command relies on several questions. What kinds of parameters are processed by the nervous systems? What are the cortical structures involved? When and how these parameters are processed? During the execution or during the preparation phase preceding movement initiation? All these questions are addressed in this thesis which general objective is to provide a better understanding of the mental processes linking perception to action and to clarify how the functional organization of these processes is reflected in the neurophysiological activity. Our research is based in particular on the comparison between humans and monkeys studied in a similar experimental setting and performing an identical reach-to-grasp task. The results of this work led us to focus our discussion on three main axes. First, they allowed to specify the functional principles underlying the preparation of grasping movements. Second, we identified several components that characterize the modulations of the beta rhythm (15-35 Hz) and pinpointed the main factors governing their presence or absence. In this sense, we propose a hypothesis for interpreting in a unified theoretical framework a large number of studies that often provide conflicting interpretations of this sensorimotor rhythm
Houaidia, Chiraz. "Vers des mécanismes de routage robustes et optimisés pour un réseau sans fil métropolitain et collaboratif". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20029.
Pełny tekst źródłaWireless Mesh Networks provide infrastructure to interconnect access stations in networks of different technologies. They have a mesh topology where all the routers are connected with no central hierarchy. Routing in WMNs must be carried out while optimizing network resources and respecting the best user QoS requirements. In this thesis, we propose a QoS-oriented routing in a metropolitan wireless network using a cross-layer approach. We first studied the impact of the PHY and MAC layers on routing to deduce the best combination protocol for a wireless mesh network. We have subsequently focused our work on studying the behavior of the OLSR routing protocol with different routing metrics. The results of this study confirmed the limits of existing metrics to reproduce the real link quality and raised a number of optimization points on which we focused. We have, therefore, proposed new metrics that provide information about link quality, based on PHY and MAC characteristics, including the link availability, the loss rate, the available bandwidth, etc. These low layers parameters are acquired using a cross-layer mechanism. These metrics allow to apprehend inter-flow interferences and avoid bottleneck formation by balancing traffic load on the links. Based on the conflict graph model and calculation of maximal cliques, we proposed a method to estimate the available bandwidth of a path which considers, in addition, intra-flow interferences. Finally, we proposed a routing protocol that supports this metric and we studied by simulation its performances compared to different existing routing metrics and protocols. The results revealed the ability of our protocol to support the network scalability as well as its ability to choose routes with high throughput and limited delay, thus, better delivery of data traffic
Hernandez, Sébastien. "Evaluation et optimisation du mécanisme de Handhover dans un Réseau Local Sans Fil dédié aux applications à trafic contraint par le temps". Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/70/32/74/PDF/2006CLF21682.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaHernandez, Sébastien. "Evaluation et optimisation du mécanisme de Handhover dans un Réseau Local Sans Fil dédié aux applications à trafic contraint par le temps". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00703274.
Pełny tekst źródłaInocente, Bruno Romeu. "Les mécanismes de la solidarité territoriale : essai comparatif (Brésil - France)". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0004/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWithin a state, the distribution of public resources inside the territory have a fundamental importance, because it represents a factor of justice in the relationship between local authorities, so that it affects the ability to provide their obligations related to the exercise of their powers in respect of their autonomy, in benefit of citizens who need to have a minimum quality of public services. This thesis aims first to examine and compare what is the influence of the form of state (Unitary for France and Federal for Brazil) on the mechanisms of territorial solidarity. It aims to describe and analyze the effectiveness of the most important mechanisms (financial: local taxes, grants, funds and discretionary transfers; cooperative: representative institutions, national public policies, pooling and contracts between central state and local authorities). Firstly with a description of the historical evolution of territorial organization and the birth of the current solidarity mechanisms and showing the significant existant inequalities, moreover among municipalities, to finally end up with a prospective analysis of effectiveness and defects (tax war, corruption and tax evasion) of these mechanisms designed to achieve equalization (vertical or horizontal) of public resources
Debba, Djihad. "Etude locale des mécanismes de réentrainement des microparticules en conduite ventilée". Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0059/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this study is to well describe the mechanisms involved in the resuspension of particles in ventilated duct by using an experimental methodology and taking into account the acceleration of the air flow which always precedes steady state. For that purpose, we chose an optical method in order to investigate the initial movement of particles, and to quantify the resuspension kinetics. In parallel we collected local data of the flow during acceleration and steady state.We observed that the resuspension kinetics starts during the acceleration period and extends to steady state. We highlighted the relevant velocity characteristics (critical velocity at the center duct and close to the wall, critical kinetic energy range) to explain this phenomenon. The resuspension start seems to be linked with a critical kinetic energy range
Ratanasermpong, Rasakon. "Étude des mécanismes de l'administration locale des communes rurales en Thaïlande". Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR1D318.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this study was to analyse the mechanisms of the sapa tambon, the only local administration of rural communes in thailand. The result of the study showed that the evolution's initiative came from the elites. The decentralization was often alleged. Nevertheless, the real attempt to decentralize the power to the local was not found. The situation of the actual administration of the sapa tambon was not satisfied i. E. Several main points were to be reformed especially the competence of the sapa tamnon's commitee. The power of decision of the sapa tambon, as welle as the financial authorization had to be increased. It was necessary to the sapa tambon to have proper autonomy. The main causes of the principal problems in thailand were the rural poverty and retard. Many programs of development were projected by the government to resolve the problems. As the rural base, the sapa tambon was convenient to be the main organization to execute the projects of rural development. It revealed that there were so many insufficiencies ans obstacles that the programs of rural development executed by the sapa tambon were not very efficient. However, the progresse of rural development
Chen, Jun. "Adaptation de liens et mécanisme inter-couches pour les réseaux coopératifs". Paris, CNAM, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CNAM0702.
Pełny tekst źródłaLes techniques de transmission coopérative dans les réseaux sans fil concernent les méthodes dont l'objectif principal est d'améliorer la fiabilité de la transmission d'information entre la source et la destination en exploitant des terminaux intermédiaires appelés relais. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de proposer un mécanisme efficace d'adaptation de liens en utilisant les techniques inter-couches dans les réseaux coopératifs. L'évaluation des performances des modules coopératifs, en utilisant soit un seul relais soit plusieurs relais, est présentée. Par ailleurs, la fiabilité de la transmission peut être améliore��e par le déploiement de codage espace-temps distribué (DSTC) dans la coopération. De plus, un mécanisme de sélection de relais et d'adaptation de mode physique a été développé pour améliorer le débit efficace pendant la transmission. En analysant la valeur du rapport signal à bruit (SNR) de bout en bout pour les transmissions coopératives, le protocole coopératif qui assure le taux optimal de transmission peut alors être déterminé. Finalement, grâce à une spécification de la couche MAC intégrant la gestion de la coopération, le choix du meilleur relais et l’adaptation de liens sont présentés. Cette thèse montre, d'une part, que la capacité de lien dans les réseaux coopératifs peut être améliorée lorsque les modes physiques du relais sont bien adaptés aux conditions des canaux, et d'autre part, que des stratégies inter-couches efficaces peuvent fournir un meilleur support de la qualité de service
Vachette, Cédric. "Réactivité métabolique catécholaminergique des cellules du locus cœruleus du rat : mise en évidence d'un mécanisme local de régulation". Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1T210.
Pełny tekst źródłaJang, In-Hwan. "Les mécanismes régulatoires de l'immunité systémique et locale épithéliale dans Drosophila melanogaster". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066148.
Pełny tekst źródłaCavinato, Cristina. "Caractérisation des micro-mécanismes de déformation et de rupture de la paroi d’anévrisme aortique". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEM003.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe wall of the ascending thoracic aorta retains a complex heterogeneous microstructural organization which can be subjected to aneurysms, irreversible dilatations associated with degenerative remodeling processes of the microstructure. The latter results in an altered mechanical behavior of such key tissue whose utmost consequences are rupture or dissection.The following hypothesis is addressed: the phenomena which occur at the microscopic fibrous structure of collagen and elastin are involved or even responsible for the macroscopic mechanical response of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms, in particular when close to rupture. Towards an improved understanding of the structure-to-mechanics relationship, an experimental methodology enabled the consistent coupling of several test benches: a mechanical inflation test, an optical device for high resolution measurements of the specimen thickness, a image correlation set-up for full-field displacement measurements and a two-photon microscopy bench. Patient-specific analyses were conducted on ex-vivo specimens of animal and human thoracic aortae, in particular human ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms, up to rupture. The analyses focus on the relationship between local mechanical state and microstructural morphology of the principal fibrous components of the outer aortic layer, usually seen as ultimate resistive barrier before rupture. The connection between these data and fundamental information inherent to clinics or morphometry are analyzed. The resulting contribution consists of advanced observations of the fibrous recruitment and reactions to the loading scenario and quantitative links with mechanics and clinics
Elie-Mantout, Nathalie. "Traitement local de l'alopécie androgénique par le minoxidil : hypothèses de mécanismes d'action". Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P025.
Pełny tekst źródłaBourgeois, Catherine. "Le logement social, un enjeu local : les mécanismes de gestion des organismes HLM". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993IEPP0013.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe dissertation analyses the local managerial mecanisms of the French public housing. The approach, embedded in the French movement of organizational behaviour (sociologie des organisations), on one hand consists in the organizational and comparative analysis of the different types of public housing institutions (state and private) and on the other hand consists in an analysis of the local public housing system. The findings of this research identify the current evolutions and constraints for the public housing management and the way the different actors are trying to solve them. Geographical characteristics provide less explanation for the differences found in managerial methods than legal status of the different institutions. For instance, the research shows two types of public housing management, determined by the legal form of public housing institutions: first, a public managerial logic, characterized by a political rationality, secondly a business type managerial logic, which favours profitability criteria. These institutions, state or private own, behave independently but keep secret allocation and public housing managnement procedures. Besides, they resist so far with success the state will, which in order to fight against social exclusion and ghettoprocesses of some districts, try to rationalize the public housing policy and try to promote a better local concertation. This functioning involves social consequences as far as housing applicants are concerned: there is access inequality to the public housing and exclusion of some social groups
Burghgraeve, Nicolas. "Mécanismes et conséquences évolutives de la dominance au locus d'auto-incompatibilité chez Arabidopsis". Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R018/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe dominance between S-alleles in the Brassicaceae is controlled by a set of small non-coding RNAs and their cognate targets. These dominance relationships have important consequences on the polymorphism accumulated at the S-locus itself but also at the flanking regions. The aim of the project was to study 1) the base-pairing criteria by which the small non-coding RNAs transcriptionally silence their target gene, 2) the diversity of these small RNAs, of their precursors and targets in natural populations in order to determine if the selective constraint they undergo is similar to what we know for other miRNAs genes in the genome, and finally, 3) the diversity of the flanking regions, to determine the size of the predicted peak of polymorphism peak caused by balancing selection, test whether genes in these regions show evidence of the predicted sheltered load and whether polymorphisms at these genes are specifically associated with S-alleles
Briand, Serge. "Les mécanismes juridiques de prévention de la corruption dans l'activite économique des collectivités locales". Paris 13, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA131045.
Pełny tekst źródłaGonzalez, Mónica María del Carmen. "Rôle du locus coeruleus dans les mécanismes du rebond de sommeil chez le rat". Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T164.
Pełny tekst źródłaAmzil, Aboubakr. "Compréhension et modélisation des mécanismes et des effets de géométrie dans la partie basse de la transition ductile-fragile". Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLM002.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe main goal of this thesis is to study the effect of temperature and geometry on the toughness of a ferritic steel in the lower part of the brittle to ductile transition zone. This work proposes to model the failure mechanisms observed in this zone using a local approach to failure. Although, according to experimental evidences, fracture in the transition zone results from a coupling between brittle and ductile fracture, the present thesis is mainly focused on the study of the lower part of the transition zone in which the fracture mechanism is mainly brittle. An experimental study of the material, a ferritic 18MND5 steel, is first proposed. An experimental database, consisting partially of existing tests was carried in order to have, at different temperatures, tests on uncracked specimens (TC and AE) mainly used for the study of elasto-plastic behaviour and tests on cracked specimens (CT and SENT) to study the fracture behaviour. A fractographic SEM study of the fracture surfaces allows, firstly, to describe the fracture mechanisms as a function of geometry and temperature and, secondly, to distinguish purely brittle specimens from specimens with ductile crack advance. Based on the results of the previous observations, plasticity and brittle fracture of the material are modelled. A new methodology for Weibull stress computation is proposed so as to ensure that it is correctly evaluated. Particularly, it is verified that Weibull computation is converged with respect to the mesh size. A procedure is proposed to filter out strong stress fluctuations. Cleavage is described using a modified version of Beremin's model which takes into account the effect of plastic strains on the Weibull stress. This formulation allows fitting, at a given temperature, of a unique set of parameters to model the fracture probabilities on different geometries (CT of different thicknesses and SENT). The fitted parameters are temperature dependent. In addition, the thesis also provided the opportunity to initiate the modeling of ductile failure in the transition. This includes the construction of a relevant experimental database which now covers the entire transition zone and the use of a non-local GTN type model which is fitted on axisymmetric notched bars. This work could constitute a starting point for future modelling of the coupling between ductile and brittle fracture in the transition
Novales, Cyril. "Pilotage par actions réflexes et navigation locale de robots mobiles rapides". Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20169.
Pełny tekst źródłaMaupetit, Mehouas Stéphanie. "La pseudohypoparathyroïdie de type 1b, un modèle d’étude des mécanismes d’empreinte au locus GNAS". Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T025.
Pełny tekst źródłaGNAS is a complex locus submitted to genomic imprinting: the expression of transcripts is restricted to one allele in a parent of origin manner depending of the methylation status of their promoter. A rare disease, pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1b (PHP1b) is characterized by a loss of genomic imprinting, characterized by methylation abnormalities of the locus and leading to abnormal expression of transcrits. The objectives of my work was: i) to characterized the epigenetic defect at the GNAS locus in a cohort of patients affected with PHP1b. Three sub-‐clusters of PHP1b have been identified on the basis of their methylation pattern at the GNAS locus, leading to the hypothesis that distinct molecular mechanisms lead to distinct methylation pattern in PHP1b patients. Ii) to studied molecular mechanisms, which control the methylation at the GNAS locus. We tested the hypotheses that PHP1b could be due at least in some cases, to an epigenetic mosaic. The confirmation of this epigenetic mosaicism is demonstrated by the analysis of the methylation pattern at the GNAS locus in clonal cells obtained from cultured fibroblasts of a patient affected with Spor-‐PHP1b. Furthemore, we hypothesized that a putative global imprint disorder could be involved in some PHP1b patients. We investigate the methylation pattern of 6 imprinted loci in Spor-‐PHP1b patients. In collaboration with Irene Netchine’s team (Inserm UMR-‐S938 Team 4), we found 5 out of 63 PHP1b patients present with an incomplete loss of imprinting at several imprinted loci. A trans acting factor may be responsible of these incomplete losses of imprinting at several imprinted loci
Jean-Baptiste, Annick Eudes. "Les mécanismes de financement du développement économique local : caractérisations et stratégies adaptées aux PMA". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV024/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis doctoral thesis aims to provide a theorization of Local Economic Development (LED) in the Least Developed Countries (LDC). It also presents a synthesis of the conditions and assumptions of programs and institutions to reach transformative and sustainable change in local territories. Such a change is intended to drive the LDCs towards a sound development trajectory. The topic of the thesis is placed within the framework of the strategic options of local development and the choice of societies in the Least Developed Countries.The research, based on a case study of local development financing, is carried out with four qualitative data sources collected from 2014 to 2017 in the field of a less advanced economy. The epistemological posture starts by the nature of the problems identified and the specificities of the Least Developed Countries. The pragmatic constructivist approach made it possible to answer and explain observable phenomena related to the problem of identifying processes leading to local economic development following appropriate funding mechanism.The results of this doctoral research have highlighted an empirical framework for local development in LDCs.The contributions of this doctoral thesis numerous. First, they are of a theoretical nature, through an understanding of the local governance system in the least developed countries. The theoretical framework specific to the LDCs is thus analysed and allows to develop a set of preconditions for local development in the LDCs. Secondly, the contributions of this work deal with development policies and public policies.Indeed, we propose financing strategies adapted to the specificities of LDCs based on the two pillars of local development in the least developed economies: local governance and entrepreneurs, on the so-called "mixed" financing mechanisms. The theoretical model and LED preconditions provide an overview of strategies to implement the virtuous circle of LED in these economies
Safieddine, Adham. "L'imagerie systématique de transcrits et de polysomes uniques révèle un mécanisme de transport dépendant de la protéine naissante". Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT025.
Pełny tekst źródłaLocal translation allows a spatial control of gene expression. Here, I participated in two mRNA localization screens imaging more than 1000 transcripts in total: (i) the first was a dual mRNA/protein screen that used a BAComics approach to co-detect mRNAs and the protein they encode; (ii) the second was done using a new high-throughput smFISH approach to screen all genes that encode centrosomal proteins and mitotic regulators. The first screen revealed cases of local translation at various subcellular compartments including cytoplasmic protrusions, centrosomes, Golgi, endosomes and the nuclear pore, which was never described before. Remarkably, translation of the nascent peptide was required for the transport of many localized transcripts. In addition, I showed that several mRNAs (such as ASPM and DYNC1H1) are translated in dedicated structures called translation factories.The second screen revealed 8 transcripts that are localized and translated at the centrosome. I showed that the localization of these 8 transcripts is regulated by the cell cycle, and that it also requires translation of the nascent polypeptide. Using the endogenous ASPM gene as a model, I imaged single mRNAs and polysomes with the MS2 and SunTag systems, respectively. This revealed a directed transport of ASPM polysomes towards centrosomes at the onset of mitosis, when this mRNA starts localizing. These data provide definitive evidence for a co-translational targeting mechanism dependent on motors as well as the nascent protein. This argues against the current dogma that mRNA transport is an RNA-based process acting on translationally repressed molecules. Instead, it suggests that SRP-like mechanisms are more widespread than previously thought
Foray, Vincent. "La plasticité phénotypique en réponse à la variabilité environnementale : de la norme de réaction aux mécanismes physiologiques". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10299.
Pełny tekst źródłaPhenotypic plasticity, i.e. the ability of a genotype to express several phenotypes depending on environmental conditions, represents an important source of phenotypic variability and so plays a major role in evolution. In a variable environment, generalist strategies, able to maintain a stable value of fitness over a wide range of environmental conditions, thanks to a greater plasticity of underlying traits, should be favored. The analysis of reaction norms of physiological traits and traits related to fitness as a function of temperature reveals in the parasitoid Venturia canescens that (i) thermal variability of the habitat determines the shape of reaction norms, according to the trade-off between generalist and specialist strategies, (ii) differences between generalist and specialist individuals are maintained face to rapid fluctuations in temperature that mimic natural conditions and (iii) individuals experiencing greater variability in their thermal habitat have a greater capacity for cold acclimation. These results indicate the existence of two different strategies in V. canescens and therefore a thermal niche differentiation, allowing their coexistence in a heterogeneous environment
Jubault, Mélanie. "Analyse intégrative de l’interaction Arabidopsis thaliana – Plasmodiaophora brassicae : vers l’élucidation des mécanismes associés à la résistance partielle". Rennes, Agrocampus, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NSARA053.
Pełny tekst źródłaClubroot, caused by the obligate biotroph Plasmodiophora brassicae, is one of the economically most important diseases of Brassica crops in the world. The development of resistant cultivars is currently the most efficient way to control clubroot in all Brassica crops. However, successful strategies for breeding and management of durable host-plant resistances require knowledge of clubfoot resistance gene fonctions and associated mechanisms. The model plant resistances require knowledge of clubroot resistance gene functions and associated mechanisms. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana is also a host for clubroot and shows natural variation in the responses to clubroot. The present work aims to determine the genetic factors and metabolic pathwasys associated with partial resistance, using the A. Thaliana – P. Brassicae pathosystem. A quantitative trait locus approach was carried out using two segregating potpulations (F2/3 and recombinant inbred lines) from crosses between the partially resistant accession Bur-0 and the susceptible one Col-0. Four additive QTLs and four epistatic regions controlling partial resistance to clubroot were identified. A functional genomic approach, using the CATMA whole genoe microarray, was then applied to measure changes in gene expression associated with partial quantitative resistance. We showed that partial clubroot resistance response was characterizd by an induction of classical plant defense responses, an active inhibition of cell enlargement and proliferation and a reduced metabolic diversion by the pathogen. In particular, this work highlighted the involvement of arginine metabolism in partial clubroot resistance
Haddad, Yoram. "Modélisation stochastique du mécanisme EDCA du WiFi et double réutilisation de fréquences pour les femtocells". Phd thesis, Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00561406.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe race toward higher throughputs for cellular network users is getting more difficult every day. The new "Femtocell" technology is expected to be the rescuer of cellular network operators. This "home" cellular base station provides high indoor coverage and throughput to indoor users over the regular home broadband access connection to the internet. In this thesis, we evaluate the capacity that can be offered by the WiFi and Femtocell technologies separately. In the first part we propose a realistic and comprehensive model to analyze the performance of the IEEE 802. 11e EDCA contention based access mechanism, which provides QoS to IEEE 802. 11 WLAN. Our analytical approach is based on Markov chains. Our innovation is that our model allows for non-ideal channels and unsaturated networks. The improved model allows computing and representing the performance more precisely for various traffic loads and various BER. Then we assess the performance of the femtocell approach. For this purpose, we first needed to deal with the radio planning issue. This latter issue is not obvious for a plug-and-play Femtocell device whose deployment will inherently be unpredictable. We propose a double frequency reuse scheme, which allows a femtocell to reuse the frequency already in use by adjacent sectors of the overlaying macrocell. We present three solutions: full, partial or mixed frequency reuse. Then we evaluate the performance that Femtocells can achieve when coexisting with an overlaying macrocell in terms of RSS and SINR expected at the femtocell level. We show that Femtocells can definitely provide a meaningful improvement in the data rates experienced by the femtocell user's equipment
Haddad, Yoram. "Modélisation stochastique du mécanisme EDCA du WiFi et double réutilisation de fréquences pour les femtocells". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00561406.
Pełny tekst źródłaSaintier, Nicolas. "Fatigue multiaxiale dans un élastomère de type NR : mécanismes d'endommagement et critère local d'amorçage de fissure". Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2001. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00397910.
Pełny tekst źródłaDing, Yanzheng. "Une analyse d’images pour l'identification microstructurale en 3D d’un kaolin saturé sous chargement mécanique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0051.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbstractMicrostructure investigation is essential for a better understanding of the mechanical behaviour and volumetric deformation mechanisms of remolded and saturated clays. The goal of this thesis is to identify in 3D the local mechanisms which can be activated at the microstructural level in relation to the mechanical loading of clayey meida. The mechanical behaviour of Kaolin k13 is firstly studied at on two loading paths - oedometric and isotropic. Then, an observation protocol was established for the acquisition of three-dimensional images using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Focused Ion Beam (FIB). The reconstruction of the images obtained by FIB-SEM allows us to study the 3D geometry of a sub-volume of the sample. The second part consists of developing a quantitative analysis approach in 3D to identify the microstructure properties on different loading paths. The pore morphology is studied using parameters such as flatness, elongation, and sphericity. The orientation of the pores and particles was first identified on 2D images representing cross-sections in the sample and extended to 3D throughout the entire volume for both loading paths. The results obtained in this thesis highlight the contribution of 3D images for a better understanding of the microstructure of saturated remolded clays
De, Grandpré Guillaume. "La dynamique locale : une porte d’entrée sur les mécanismes de formation de la phase vitreuse dans des molécules organiques". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8363.
Pełny tekst źródłaȚîntatu, Andreea. "Étude des mécanismes de vieillissement hydrique à l’échelle locale et de leur influence sur le comportement mécanique d’assemblages collés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ENTA0004.
Pełny tekst źródłaStructural bonding is an increasingly used industrial assembly technique. In the naval, or more generally maritime, field, in the presence of seawater, the prediction of the effect of humidity on the mechanical behavior of bonded assemblies is of paramount importance. The aim of this thesis is to study water diffusion in a two-component epoxy adhesive material, and to propose a simplified modeling strategy for the mechanical behavior of such an adhesive in a single-lap joint bonded assembly, considering the effects of water aging. First, experimental analysis of water absorption in the adhesive is performed using gravimetry and X-ray tomography. The presence of pores in the polymer joint allows us to understand the local evolution of diffusion kinetics, leading to the final choice and validation of a diffusion model. Then, based on experimental tests, the long-term behavior of the investigated adhesive is characterized for different amounts of absorbed water. An enriched 1D finite element model is then developed, enabling the multi-physics modeling of a single lap joint robustly and efficiently. Finally, 2D finite element simulations and tests are carried out for validation purposes
Nakhla, Mohamed. "Déterminismes cachés et mécanismes de choix dans le système politico-administratif local : cas de la programmation des routes départementales". Paris, ENMP, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ENMP0170.
Pełny tekst źródłaLheureux, Fabrice. "Etude des mécanismes génétiques impliqués dans l'expression des séquences EPRVs pathogènes des bananiers au cours des croisements génétiques interspécifiques". Montpellier, ENSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENSA0013.
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